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1) An element E is a constituent of three volatile hydrogen compounds for which the following

data are available:


Density of gas,
Compound % E by Mass
referred to S.T.P.
A 1.24 grams/liter 78.42
B 2.39 grams/liter 81.33
C 2.84 grams/liter 85.82

a) Find the aproximate atomic weight of E.


b) Determine the formula of compound A.
c) Determine a more precise atomic weight of E with reference to the atomic weight
of hydrogen as 1.008.

2)
a) A student studied the reactions which occur when magnesium metal is heated in air as follows.
A sample of granulated magnesium weighing 20.0 grams was heated for some time in a current
of air passing over a loosely covered crucible. The sample was then allowed to cool to room
temperature. The powdery gray material was then boiled with excess water, and the ammonia gas
given off was caught in 2.00 x 102 milliliters of 1.00-molar sulfuric acid. Analysis showed that
83.3 milliliters of the acid had been neutralized by the ammonia to form (NH4)2SO4. Calculate
the weight of magnesium in the original sample which had been converted to magnesium nitride.
b) The residue remaining after the treatment with hot water, described in (a), was dissolved in
excess 3.00-molar hydrochloric acid and was found to displace 2.80 x 103 milliliters of hydrogen
gas, measured over water at 26 °C (v.p. =25.2 mm Hg) and at a barometric pressure of 757
milliliters Hg. Calculate the weight of metallic magnesium remaining from the original sample
after it had been heated in air.
3) A solution contains 0.10 mole of Cl¯ ion and 0.0010 mole of CrO42¯ ion per liter. Ag+ ion in
the form of solid AgNO3 is added to this solution. Solubility product constants: AgCl 1.8 x
10¯10; Ag2CrO4 2.4 x 10¯12

a) Calculate the concentration of Ag+ ion necessary to start the precipitation of


AgCl.
b) Calculate the concentration of Ag+ ion necessary to start the precipitation of
Ag2CrO4.
c) What is the composition of the first permanent precipitate formed when the
AgNO3 is added to the above solution?
d) What fraction of the Cl¯ ion originally present remains in solution when
Ag2CrO4 first begins to precipitate?

4) The numerical value of the equilibrium constant at 425 °C for the reaction H2(g) + I2(g)
<===> 2HI(g) has been found to be 54.5, expressed in terms of molar concentrations. If 0.30
mole hydrogen and 0.30 mole iodine are introduced into an evacuated chamber having a volume
of 5.0 liters and the system is held at 425 °C, find the concentrations in moles per liter of H 2, I2,
and HI at equilibrium.
5) Chlorine gas is bubbled through a cold solution of sodium hydroxide.
6) Acidified potassium permanganate solution is added to a dilute solution of potassium sulfite.
7) Sodium hydroxide solution in excess is added to a solution of magnesium nitrate.
8) A mixture of 1-molar hydrochloric acid and 1-molar sodium bromide is warmed.
9) Ammonia gas is dissolved in 6-molar soduim hydroxide solution.
10) Solid radium oxide is added to water.
11) Tetraborane, B4H10, is burned completely in an excess of oxygen.
12) Solid silver chloride is treated with concentrated (15-molar) ammonia solution.
13) Give a brief explanation, chemical, physical, or both, as to why the dissolution of some salts
in water is an endothermic process.
14) A mixture of hydrogen and chlorine gases is stable when stored in the dark but is explosive
when exposed to sunlight. Explain this difference in the speeds of reaction.
15) A 0.1-molar aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate has a pH of around 3. Explain this
observation in terms of the Arrhenius theory and of the Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and
bases.
16) Gaseous hydrogen bromide can be prepared by the action of concentrated phosphoric acid
(H3PO4) on solid potassium bromide. If concentrated sulfuric acid is used, a very impure product
is obtained. If either dilute phosphoric acid or dilute sulfuric acid is used, no hydrogen bromide
is evolved. Explain these observations.
17) How many isomers are there of the compound whose molecular formula is C2H2Cl2?
Describe how the various isomers differ from one another.
18) Describe at least three methods of determining molecular weights. The principle upon which
each of the methods is based should be different. These principles should be included in the
descriptions.
19) The forces between atoms, ions, and molecules vary greatly in nature and magnitude.
Discuss as many kinds of these forces as you can. Include references to specific substances.

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