Universidad Politcnica del Estado de Morelos

English V

Cohesion, Coherence & verbs + preposition

Author:
Zagal Solano Jos Enrique
ID: ZSJO140378

Group: 5 A

Computer engineering

Date: January 13, 2016

What is Cohesion & Coherence? (Cambridge Testing Explained)

One of the columns is labelled Cohesion & Coherence. This is one of the ways the
writing is assessed: is the composition cohesive, is the composition coherent?
(Cohesion is the noun, cohesive is the adjective; coherence is the noun, coherent is
the adjective.) This is the focus on this post.
What is Cohesion & Coherence?
Cohesion and coherence aren't too difficult to explain.

Cohesion refers to

connectivity in a text. Coherence refers to how easy it is to understand the writing.

Cohesion & Coherence
"My favourite colour is blue. I like it because it is calming and it relaxes me. I often go
outside in the summer and lie on the grass and look into the clear sky when I am
stressed. For this reason, I'd have to say my favourite colour is blue."
This sentence is both coherent and cohesive, but let's focus on the cohesion first. I've
highlighted the ways that each sentence is connected to the sentence before.
Cohesion with NO Coherence
Now, here is a sentence that has cohesion but is not coherent.
"My favourite colour is blue. Blue sports cars go very fast. Driving in this way is
dangerous and can cause many car crashes. I had a car accident once and broke my
leg. I was very sad because I had to miss a holiday in Europe because of the injury."
Coherence with NO Cohesion
Now, let's take a look at a sentence that is coherent but not cohesive.
"My favourite colour is blue. I'm calm and relaxed. In the summer I lie on the grass
and look up.
This is more difficult to understand but basically this lack of cohesion means a lack of
sufficient connectors to join the ideas together. If I try hard I can understand what the
person is saying: a short answer, an explanation, an example; however the sentences
don't fit together.

Cohesion & Coherence in Conversation

Are your conversations coherent? Are they cohesive?
Now, in spoken discourse, the easiest example I can think of is a Cambridge First
Certificate speaking exam, part 3: the students' conversation. Two students are asked
to talk about some pictures but if they do not respond to what each other is saying
and make no attempt to reference each other then the conversation can be coherent
but can completely lack cohesion. For example:

A. "I think these people are having a good time."

B. "It appears these people are enjoying themselves."
A. "They seem to be on holiday."
B. "It looks like they are on vacation."

Obviously there is no connection between A and B in this conversation.

We

understand them and they are coherent. What is missing is cohesion. They are not
connected. A is not listening to B and B is not listening to A.

On the other hand, take a look at this example:

A. "I think these people are having a good time."

B. "Time is difficult to manage. I am always late for my social appointments like when
I have a date with a girl."
A. "I like girls with long, dark hair and brown eyes."
B. "My dog has brown eyes and a long tail."
This example shows that there is cohesion but the conversation makes no sense and
therefore it is missing coherence.

What is a Phrasal Verb?

A phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and preposition, a verb and an adverb, or a verb with both
an adverb and a preposition.
A phrasal verb has a meaning which is different from the original verb. That's what makes them fun,
but confusing. You may need to try to guess the meaning from the context, or, failing that, look it
up in a dictionary.
The adverb or preposition that follows the verb are sometimes called a particle. The particle
changes the meaning of the phrasal verb in idiomatic ways.
They are also known as compound verbs, verb-adverb combinations, verb-particle
constructions", two-part words/verbs and three-part words/verbs (depending on the
number of words).
Phrasal verbs are usually used informally in everyday speech as opposed to the more formal
Latinate verbs, such as to get together rather than to congregate, to put off rather
than to postpone, or to get out rather than to exit. They should be avoided in
academic writing..

Literal usage
Many verbs in English can be combined with an adverb or a preposition, a phrasal verb used in a
literal sense with a preposition is easy to understand.

Idiomatic usage
It is, however, the figurative or idiomatic application in everyday speech which makes phrasal verbs
so important.

Transitive and intransitive phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs also differ in their transitivity or intransitivity in the same way as normal verbs do. A
transitive verb always has an object.

Separable or inseparable phrasal verbs

A further way of considering phrasal verbs is whether they are separable or inseparable. In
inseparable verbs, the object comes after the particle.

Examples
Dream
Verb+preposition

Example

dream of

He dreamt of becoming a singer.

dream about

Last night I dreamt about you

dream up

They dreamed up the scheme for the improvements.

Give
Verb+preposition

Example

give in

You must give in the essay by Monday.

give onto

I love Nelson's house, all the rooms give onto the lake.

give over to

When my children were born, I gave myself over to raising them.

give back

Pete still hasn't given me my shirt back.

give off

I do not trust this car, it is giving off too much fumes.

give out

Some shops give out sweets on Halloween

give up

Richard gave up smoking after his father died of lung cancer.

give away

I love it when they give free samples away at the supermarket!

Look
Verb+preposition

Example

look after

The babysitter looks after my baby when I have to work.

look away

Claire looked away from her book when she heard Tony coming

look back on

The old man was looking back on his days as a sailor.

look down on

The kid looked down on the food his father had prepared.

look for

Paul was looking for the best necklace to give to his girlfriend.

look forward to

I am looking forward to your return to Argentina.

look in on

Look in on your sister and see if she is all right, will you?

look into

The doctor looked into the injury and prescribed some antibiotics.

look on

Sally looks on Richard as just a friend. .

look out

Look out with that dog, its seems to be a fierce one.

look over

Before going to work, Alice looks over the newspaper.

look through

I look through as many books as I can when I'm in a book shop.

look to

We look to Margaret to help us pass the exam.

look up

Things started looking up when I got my pay rise.

look up to

Pedro has always looked up to his grandfather.

Go

Verb+preposition

Example

go about

What can we do to go about this difficult problem?

go across

The first team going across the river will win the championship.

go along

Sam didn't expect such a party, but it all went along perfectly

go around

There won't be enough ballons to go around with so many guests.

go at

Alan thought John had stolen his watch and went at him.

go back

You said you'd come to the party, you can't go back on your promise.

go before

We didn't come to an agreement, so the case will go before the jury.

go by

I have to go by the store to buy batteries before we go to Jo's.

go down

I'm going down to the basement, do you need anything from there?

go for

I prefer French fries, I don't go for sweets very much.

go forward

Our team won the match. Now we are going forward to the final.

go in

Dr. Kent will see you in a minute, go in and wait for him.

go into

The drunk driver suddenly turned and went into the traffic light.

go off

Jack is going off to Berlin and we're throwing him a farewell party.

go on

Kat didn't see what happened, she's just going on what Sue told her.

go out

Emma didn't know that Tom was going out with my sister.

go over

I think there must be a mistake, why don't we go over the sums?

go round

Stop going round like that, kids! You're going to fall!

go through

Let's go through the details to see if nothing's missing for the party.

go to

The money raised in the party will go to UNICEF.

go together

Oh, don't wear that! Pin stripes and polka dots don't go together!

go towards

The extra money I earned this month will go towards a new car.

go under

The paper boats the kids had made went under in the lake.

go up against

Peter got to the semi finals and he will have to go up against Jerry.

go with

Would you like some peanuts to go with your beer?

go without

You will have to go without me, I can't go with you this time.

Verb: Move
Verb+preposition

Example

Move ahead

The construction can move ahead now that permisson has been granted.

Move along

The police told the people watching to move along

Move away

I moved away when the factory shut down.

Move away from

They're moving away from windows and are using linux.

Move down

He was finding the course too difficult so they moved him down.

Move towards

The government are moving towards free elections.

Move up

Could you move up and let me sit down?

Move in

The house was empty for ages, but some new tenants moved in a few weeks ago.

Move in on

As he watched, the hyenas began to move in on the hapless wildebeest.

Move into

They moved into the house as soon as it was ready

Move on

She moved on to another company where the salary was considerably better.

Move out

She's tired of living there and is moving out

Verb: Think
Verb+preposition

Example

Think about

Do you ever think about life after death?

Think of

He thought of calling his brother, but didnt.

Think ahead

We had thought ahead to store emergency supplies.

Think back

Think back to the first time you kissed.

Think out

They thought out what they had to do.

Think through

He thought through what he was going to say.

Think over

I want you to think over my suggestions.

Think up

I just thought up a way to double our profits.

Verb: Wait
Verb+preposition

Example

Wait about

I WAITED ABOUT for an hour, but they didn't come.

Wait around

They were just WAITING AROUND to see if anything was going to happen.

Wait behind

I WAITED BEHIND to ask the lecturer a question.

Wait in

I WAITED IN for the guy to fix the TV.

Wait on

They have two people WAITING ON each table.

Wait out

Lisa wait out Christian just before the wedding

Wait up

I was worried and WAITED UP until they got home safe and sound.

Wait up on

They used to have servants WAITING UP ON them

Verb: Travel
Verb+preposition

Example

travel around

You can travel around the world.

travel over

If you travel over the Alps, you'd better take plenty of blankets

travel to

My mom will travel to Mexico.

travel with

He travelled to Spain with his wife and children. I traveled with my uncle to Australia.

travel through

If you travel through the desert, you'd better take plenty of water.

Homework
Write the examples of verbs + prepositions in your notebook.

1.

Last night I dreamt about you.

2.

Amy moved to a seat near the front of the room.

3.

Richard gave up smoking after his father died of lung cancer.

4.

Paul was looking for the best necklace to give to his girlfriend.

5.

You said you'd come to the party, you can't go back on your promise

6.

Do you ever think about life after death

7.

You can travel around the world.

8.

I can't wait for my holiday to come!

Extra - Homework
When an action is interrupted and then resumed, you would use the "ing" form, so in your sentence, he
was previously studying the hand, got interrupted, and then continued studying the hand.
"Went back" in this sense doesn't refer to his returning to a location, but returning to an activity.
It would have to be a context like this to use "study": He left the lab early, but realized that he hadn't
gotten a good look at the cadaver's hand, so he went back to study it (the cadaver's hand).
Example:
Steve was talking to Professor Rawls after class when their conversation was interrupted by another
student. After addressing the other student's question, Professor Rawls went back to talking with Steve.
The action "talking" was interrupted then resumed, so the progressive tense, with the "ing" form, is used.
Steve was talking to Professor Rawls after class when Steve recieved a phone call and cut the
conversation short. After finishing his phone call, Steve went back to continue talking with Professor
Rawls.
- Again, the action "talking" was interrupted, and even though Steve left the room and had to walk back,
the fact that the action is being resumed after an interruption makes the progressive "ing" form of the
verb appropriate.
When class was finished Steve left immediately, but shortly realized that he had to ask Professor Rawls a
quesiton, so he went back to talk with him.
- Here Steve is returning to a place he already was, but he's going to begin to talk, so you don't use the
"ing" form.

Links: http://forum.wordreference.com/threads/go-back-to-studying.1386704/?hl=es
http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/phrasal-verbs/phrasals-w.php#walk_out
http://www.usingenglish.com/reference/phrasal-verbs

Lista de preposiciones en ingls y su traduccin al espaol

Preposiciones Propias
aboard

a bordo de (tren, autobus, etc)

about

acerca de, respecto a, sobre, alrededor de, aproximadamente

above

encima, encima de, ms de, por arriba de, por encima de

across

a travs de, al otro lado de, a lo ancho de

after

despus de, detrs de, segn, tras

against

contra

along

a lo largo de; junto con

alongside

al lado de, al costado de

amid

en medio de, entre

amids

en medio de, entre

among

en medio de, entre

amongst

entre

around

alrededor de, en torno de

as

como He works as a teacher.

astride

a horcajadas sobre, con una pierna a cada lado

at

en, a

athwart

de travs, a travs

atop

encima, en la parte superior, en la punta

barring

excepto, salvo, exceptuando

before

ante, antes de, delante de

behind

detrs, detrs de

below

debajo de

beneath

debajo, abajo, por debajo

beside

junto a, al lado de

besides

excepto, fuera de; adems de

between

entre (entre dos o ms)

betwixt

entre

beyond

ms all; fuera de; adems de

but

sino, sin, excepto, salvo, menos

by

al lado de, por, junto a

circa

alrededor de, cerca de (para fechas)

concerining

concerniente a

despite

a pesar de, a despecho de

down

hasta (el ltimo detalle, )

during

durante, en el transcurso de

except

excepto

excluding

excepto, con excepcin de

failing

en falta

following

despus de

for

para; por; a causa de; durante

from

de, desde, a partir de

given

dado,-a, teniendo en cuenta

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in

en, dentro, dentro de; hacia adentro

including

incluyendo, inclusive, con inclusin de

inside

dentro, en, dentro de, en el interior

into
like

dentro de, hacia dentro, hacia el interior de

como; semejante a, parecido a; igual a; caracterstico de; por
ejemplo

mid

entre, en medio

minus

menos; sin; bajo

near

cerca de

notwithstanding

a pesar de, sin embargo, no obstante

of

de; en; por

off

fuera; de; de encima

on

sobre, encima de; de; al; en

onto

sobre

opposite

contrario

out

fuera de; afuera de

outside

fuera de, afuera de

over

encima; encima de; a ms de; demasiado

pace

con el perdn de

past

a lo largo de, ms all de

per

por; a travs

plus

ms

pro

pro

regarding

relativo a, respecto a, tocante a

round

alrededor de

save

excepto, excepcin hecha de, fuera de

since

desde

through

a travs de; dentro de; por

throughout

por todo, en todo, a lo largo de; durante todo

till

hasta

to

a; en; hacia; hasta; para

toward

hacia

towards

hacia; en direccin de

under

bajo; debajo de; en; por; mediante; so

underneath

debajo, abajo, por abajo, por debajo

unlike

a diferencia de

until

hasta

up

(movimiento) por; en lo alto de; hacia arriba; arriba de

upon

sobre, en, encima de; por encima; bajo;

versus "vs"

contra; frente a

via

por; mediante, a travs de; via

with

con; por medio de; mediante; de; entre

within

dentro, dentro de; entre

without

sin; fuera, fuera de; desprovisto de

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Preposiciones impropias o compuestas de dos palabras

according to

segn, con arreglo a, conforme a, conforme con, de

acuerdo a

ahead of

frente a; por delante de

as of

a partir de

as per

de acuerdo con, segn

as regards

en cuanto a, referente a

aside from

aparte de, fuera de

because of

a causa de

close to

cerca de

due to

debido a, a causa de, en gracia a, gracias a

except for

excepto por, a reserva de, amn de, salvo

far from

lejos de ... (ser)

instead of

en vez de

near to

cerca de

next to

al lado de

out fromout of

de, por, fuera de, de entre

outside of

fuera defuera de

owing to

debido a

prior to

anterior, anteriormente a, previo, previamente a

persuant to

conforme a, en conformidad con

regardless of

a pesar de, pese a, sin preocuparse por, sin tener en cuenta

subsequent to

con posterioridad a, despus de

thanks to

gracias a

that of

el de

Preposiciones impropias o compuestas de tres palabras

as far as

hasta, hasta donde, en cuanto que, hasta el grado que, hasta el punto que

as well as

adems de, as como

by means of

por medio de, a punta de, con, mediante

in accordance with

de acuerdo con

in addition to

adems de, a ms de

in case of

en caso de

in front of

delante de, al frente de, en frente de, enfrente de

in lieu of

en lugar de, en vez de

in place of

en lugar de

in spite of

a pesar de, a despecho de, con todo y, pese a

on account of
on behalf or

a causa de, por motivo de, por motivos de, por razn de
en nombre de, a cuenta de, a nombre de, en aras de, en pro de, por cuenta de, a favor
de

on top of

encima de, arriba de, en lo alto de, por encima de, sobre, en exceso de

with regard to

con respecto a

with respect to

con respecto a

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