The constitution

A constitution is a set of rules for governmentoften codified as a written documentthat enumerates the powers and functions of
a political entity. These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is. In the case of countries and autonomous regions of
federal countries the term refers specifically to a constitution defining the fundamental political principles, and establishing the
structure, procedures, powers andduties, of a government. By limiting the government's own reach, most constitutions guarantee
certain rights to the people. The termconstitution can be applied to any overall system of law that defines the functioning of a
government, including several uncodified historical constitutions that existed before the development of modern codified
constitutions.

Constitutions concern different levels of political organization. They exist at national (e.g., codified Constitution of Canada,
uncodifiedConstitution of the United Kingdom), regional (e.g., the Massachusetts Constitution), and sometimes lower levels. They
also define many political and other groups, such as political parties, pressure groups, and trade unions.
A supranational constitution is possible (e.g., proposedEuropean Union constitution). The traditional absolute sovereignty of modern
nations assumed in a constitution is often limited by binding international treaties such as the American Convention on Human
Rights which binds the 24 American countries that have ratified it, and theEuropean Convention on Human Rights which binds the
47 member countries of the Council of Europe.

Non-political entities such as corporations and voluntary associations, whether incorporated or not, often have what is effectively
a constitution, often called memorandum and articles of association (U.S. incorporation).

The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world [1], containing 448 articles, 12
schedules and 94 amendments, with 117,369 words in its English language version[2].
The judiciary

The judiciary (also known as the judicial system or judicature) is the system of courts which interprets and applies the law in the
name of the sovereign or state. The judiciary also provides a mechanism for the resolution of disputes. Under the doctrine of
the separation of powers, the judiciary generally does not make law (that is, in a plenary fashion, which is the responsibility of the
legislature) or enforce law (which is the responsibility of the executive), but rather interprets law and applies it to the facts of each
case.

This branch of government is often tasked with ensuring equal justice under law. It usually consists of a court of final appeal (called
the "supreme court" or "constitutional court"), together with lower courts.

The term "judiciary" is also used to refer collectively to the personnel, such as judges, magistrates and other adjudicators, who form
the core of a judiciary (sometimes referred to as a "bench"), as well as the staffs who keep the system running smoothly.

A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster
system modeled after that of the United Kingdom. The name is derived from the French parlement, the action of parler (to speak):
a parlement is a discussion. The term came to mean a meeting at which such a discussion took place. It acquired its modern
meaning as it came to be used for the body of people (in an institutional sense) who would meet to discuss matters of state.