GeophysicalImageProcessing

withSeismicUnix
GPGN461/561Lab
John Stockwell

Contact info
John Stockwell
Phone: 303-273- 3049
Office: GC 260 L
Email: john@dix.mines.edu
Web page: http://cwp.mines.edu/~john

Homework Policy
PDF file emailed to:
john@dix.mines.edu
No more than 3 pages consisting of: A
short paragraph of commentary, figures
properly labeled, commands captured
from your screen.
All homework assignments must be
turned in. Failure to turn in a single
assignment will result in an incomplete
for the course.

Chapter 1- Preliminaries
Logging in
Shell
Working environment
Choice of editor

Logging in

You should be able to use your

Colorado School of Mines
MultiPass password. If you are
unable to login, go to another
computer where you can login and
reset your MultiPass password.

About Unix-like systems and shells

The master program that runs the
computer is called the kernel
A shell is a program that interacts
with the kernel.
In Unix and Unix-like systems the
shell has its own programming
language

Choice of editors
We will be working in the Terminal
Our mode of operation is typing
commands and editing text files
There are many choices of editors
vi exists on all Unix and Unix-like
systems, it is hard to learn but easy
to use. gedit is easy to learn.

.bashrc and .bash_profile

Your working shell is the bash shell. It
has two configuration files: .bashrc
and .bash_profile
Add the following lines:
export CWPROOT=/usr/local/cwp
export PATH=$PATH:$CWPROOT/bin:.

Save and logout completely. Log back in.

Type a few UNIX commands

$ cd

change directory

$ pwd

print current working directory

$ ls
directory

list contents of current

$ df

disks filled?

-h

Unix man pages

$ man ls

$ man cd

$ man df

$ man bash

Make a scratch directory

$ cd /gpfc

$ pwd

(see where you are at)

$ mkdir yourusername
(that is, type: your username on the
system)

$ cd

$ pwd

/gpfc/yourusername

Like scratch paper scratch

directories are NOT backed up!

Chapter 2 Getting started with

SU and Unix (p.17)

$ cd /gpfc/yourusername

$ suplane > junk.su

$ suxwigb < junk.su

$ suxwigb < junk.su title=Test pattern

label1=time (s)
label2=trace number &
(type this as one continuous line)

Pipe |, redirect out >, redirect in <

$ suplane | suxwigb

(pipe)

$ suplane > junk.su

(redirect out)

$ suxwigb < junk.su

(redirect in)

(If you aren't seeing plots on the

screen, ask for help!)

Stringing commands together p.20

$ suplane | suspecfx | suxwigb

$ suplane > junk.su

$ suspecfx < junk.su > junk1.su

$ suxwigb < junk1.su label1=freq (Hz)

label2=trace number
title=Amplitude spectrum &
(type the last one as one continuous line)

Discussion Questions

What is the Fourier Transform?

Why does the image of the Fourier
amplitude spectrum appear the way it
does?

The Forward Fourier Transform

F = f t e

it

dt

it

=cos t i sin t

Functions are like vectors (lists of

numbers that can be linearly combined)
Integration of the product of two functions is
like a dot product
Some functions such as sin and cos act like
unit vectors
The Fourier transform decomposes a
function into components of sines and
cosines of specific frequencies---- just like
the components of a vector.

Important Fourier Transforms

-What is the Fourier transform of:
Spike (delta function)?
Box function?
Gaussian?
Cosine?
Sine?

Chapter 3 Viewing Data

Make a temporary working directory in
your /gpfc/yourusername directory

$ cd /gpfc/yourusername

$ mkdir Temp1

make directory

$ cd Temp1

change directory

(directory means the same thing as folder)

Copying data to your work area

$ cd /gpfc/yourusername

$ cp /data/cwpscratch/Data1/sonar.su

$ cp /data/cwpscratch/Data1/radar.su

$ cp /data/cwpscratch/Data1/seismic.su .
Make sure you type the dot

Wiggle trace plots

$ suxwigb < sonar.su

& (terrible)
(zoom in with the rubberband box)

$ suxwigb < radar.su

&

$ suxwigb < seismic.su &

In each case, zooming in with the
rubberband box shows more traces.

Image plots

$ suximage < sonar.su

&

$ suximage < radar.su

&

$ suximage < seismic.su

&

Image plots are arrays of numbers

represented by a linear distribution of
256 shades of gray. The largest
amplitudes may bias the gray scale
causing smaller amplitudes not to show.

Sonar data, no display gain.

Sonar data, perc=99

Sonar data, perc=99 legend=1

Greyscale

$ suximage < sonar.su perc=99

&

$ suximage < sonar.su perc=99

legend=1 &
legend=1 shows the amplitudes
perc=99 rejects the top 1 percentile
of amplitude

Normalization: Median balancing

$ sunormalize
$ sunormalize norm=med < sonar.su |
suximage legend=1 &
$ sunormalize norm=med < sonar.su |
sunormalize norm=rms |
suximage legend=1 perc=99 &
Click on a window and type 'h' or 'r'

Homework problem

Repeat display experiments with

radar.su and seismic.su
Write a short report, not more than 3
pages, including figures (appropriately
labeled), the commands you used to get
them, and a short (2 or 3 sentences)
describing what you observed (think of it
as a figure caption.)
Mail to john@dix.mines.edu as a PDF
file.

Concluding Remarks
Wiggle trace plots are appropriate for
smaller numbers of traces
Image plots may be preferred for larger
datasets
Bad choices of normalization or display
gain can highlight a desired feature of
data, or ruin the presentation of an
otherwise properly processed dataset if
used improperly.