Construccin de Instalaciones

Construction of oil facilities

Petroleras

INSTITUTO POLITECNICO NACIONAL.

ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERIA Y ARQUITECTURA
ESIA TICOMAN
TOPIC:
REQUIREMENTS OF A WORK

TEAM MEMBERS:
ALVARADO MARIO
BATALLA BECERRA JIMM NERI
FRAGA CRISOSTOMO GABRIELA
MEZA CARRIOLA ISAI AMIN

PALACIOS MONZN MIRNA DELIA

SILVA PACHECO BONN

1.1 USER BASES

User Bases

Information provided by the

area concerned in building,
about
the
needs
and
characteristic to be met by the
system.

User Bases
The area that prompted the construction of any type of
installation must issue user bases.
The information must be:

Description of work
Scope of the project
Location
Operating conditions
Maintenance conditions

Description of work
The Project is made up of all those characteristics that make
generally encompassing all aspects necessary to consider.

Project Scope
Generally they are all transactions should be made for the
total execution of the work described and guarantee the
successful completion.

Location
Is one area which has meant the realization of the project
detailing the limits and characteristics that has.

Operating Conditions

The necessary methodology

for the realization of the
project is specified.

Information about right of way

The right of way is the strip of land where the pipes are howe.

Maintenance and safety

conditions
Compose all activities that
are developed to preserve in
optimal conditions of safety
and operation the equipment
and facilities as :

Dispensaries, pumps, valves,

pipes, fire, extinguishers,
drainage, etc.

1.2 DESIGN BASIS

The nature of design - proyect

Resources
Region all
designs

Materials
Safety
regulations

Process
conditions

Selection
process

Probable
designs

Recommended
designs

Methods
Recommended
designs

Physical
laws

Government
control

Personal
Time
Economic
restrictions

Standards
and Codes

Selection and
evaluation
(optimization)

Generations of possible designs

- Collection of data
- Physical Properties
- Design Methods
Objective
(design
specifications)

Final
design

1.2 DESIGN BASIS

It is based on the
application of the latest
techniques and practices
in
facility
design,
experience of the oil
industry at national and
international level.

1.2 DESIGN BASIS

The services covered by this line are:

Preliminary engineering detail.

Engineering and design (FEED).
Detailed engineering.
Engineering inspection and maintenance of facilities.
Engineering for removal and reuse facilities.

1.3 INTERDISCIPLINARY
GROUPS

1.3 INTERDISCIPLINARY GROUPS

We are talking about a way to facilitate and reach better
results in working together . Interdisciplinary groups help to
better understand the problem to be solved , applying
knowledge from different disciplines , providing a
comprehensive perspective.
In the construction involved :
Engineers
Architects
Lawyers
Technicians
Etc.

1.4 DRAFT

1.4 DRAFT

Objectives

Work scheme

Schedule of activities

Recommended

1.5 PROJECT
MANAGEMENT OF
SURFACE FACILITIES

Project Execution

Project Initiation
Choosing a Project Team
Selecting an Engineering Company
AFE and Initial Cost Estimate
Procurement
Monitoring and Reporting Progress and Cost
Managing Personnel
Commissioning and Startup
Project Closeout

Project Execution
PROJECT INITIATION
Previous experience in this type of project.
CHOOSING A PROJECT TEAM
How much of the project work will done by personnel within your
company will depend on its size, organization, past experience in
this type of project, and current workload.
Functions to be handled by the project team include operations,
drilling, land and legal, insurance, marketing, environmental,
engineering,
purchasing,
inspection,
construction,
and
commissioning.

Project Execution
SELECTING AN ENGINEERING COMPANY
Do not have the engineering capabilities.
Services Contract
COSTING
It is to determine costs and present them to management for
approval
ACQUISITION
The acquisition process involves the preparation of a technical
description of the issue and terms of appropriate hiring

Project Execution
PROCUREMENT
The first step in procurement is to review the procurement and
contracting plan and modify it as required by any change in
concept or new information.
The procurement process involves preparation of a technical
description of the item and the appropriate contracting terms
called a bid package.

Project Execution
MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRESS AND COST
The project team is now fully assembled, and it is time to start the
physical project work with all members becoming involved in
the engineering, purchasing, and contracting effort. These
accomplishments must be measured and reported to determine
the efficiency of the work and the true financial impact of the
project.

Project Execution
MANAGING PERSONNEL
It is important that you have face-to-face conversations with the
project team supervisors every week to discuss the project
progress in more detail than can be handled with e-mails and
phone conversations.
COMMISSIONING AND STARTUP
Commissioning is the site checking of all equipment installed on
site to ensure final compliance with the design and specification
standards to which it was fabricated, purchased, and installed.
Shop inspections and factory acceptance tests are considered
recommissioning by this definition.

Project Execution
Project Closeout
After successful installation startup, the project manager turns the
startup and operating manual over to the installation operator
and supervises the storage of project files.

1.6 FEASIBILITY OF AN
INVESTMENT PROJECT

Feasibility of an Investment Projec

Main Steps

Identify needs
Investigations
Functional design for years design
Investment cost

What is an investment project?

Is a set of objectives and activities
organized paths for problems solving
whit limited private resources or public.

Studies for investment

MARKET
RESEARCH
Entrepreneurship in order to
get an idea on the commercial
viability of an economic
activity.

ECONOMIC-RESEARCH

Process that seeks the best

alternative using different
criteria trying to compare
revenues and costs.

TECHNICAL RESEARCH

Study tu be conducted upon

completion
the
market
research which allows for
the calculation basis for the
financial
and
economic
evaluation.

Market Research

Competition and market offerings

Product marketing
Consumer and market demands

Technical Research

Analyze and propose alternatives

Determination of costs

Operating costs

Project Size

Location

Economic Research

Net present value

Rate of return

Yield rate

1.7 HOW TO DEVELOP A

PROJECT

factors:
Demographic
changes

Regularisations

micromarkets

globalization

Quality

REASONS
FOR A
PROJECT

corporate
Volatility

control costs

Environmentalism

Educational
crisis

consumerism.

1.7 HOW TO DEVELOP A PROJECT

For a construction
project
can
materialize
requires following
a number of steps,
which are detailed
below and relate
to the following
image
Stages in the development of a project Note: Numbers in
parentheses indicate the steps presented in the next section.

(1) There is a need.

For a project originates must be an unmet need.

(2) Analysis
In this second stage needs are discussed, selecting the most
relevant, for which it should consider the following aspects:

Identify the causes of the

need for a project, such as
environmental
change,
policy
development,
modification
of
the
characteristics of demand,
obsolescence of existing
infrastructure and new
infrastructure requirements.

Establish goals to be met by the project, such as:

social
economic
functional and profit.

Prioritize needs according to the established priorities.

(3) Identifying solutions.

At this stage all possible solutions to resolve the issue

raised in the previous stages are identified. It is proposed
that in a first stage conceptualization level solutions
favoring the imagination, rather than restrictions.

(4) Feasibility studies.

One of the important stages in

the project cycle is conducting
feasibility studies, whichare to
determine whether the project is
feasible study from an environmental,
technical,economic,
administrative
and legal.

(5) Evaluation

All possible alternatives to meet selected needs and

choose which usually has better technical and economic
feasibility, which meets the demands are evaluated.

(6) Financing.
Once the technical project decided is important to
consider the aspect of financing, as the expenses to be
incurred in realizing the project they will be paid.
Funding may be itself or through a loan.

(7) Design
After determining the solution to be used
to meet the needs the project is
designed, the design usually consider the
following aspects:

Study of land where it will build the

play, analyzing their general and
regulatory conditions, topography,
geology, hydrology, environmental,
legal, historical, etc.

Architectural design usually consider the following steps:

establishing business requirements, preparing a project
before. finally the final architectural design project,
including drawings and specifications.

Structural design of the work to be able to withstand the

stresses to which it is subject during its lifetime.

THE MAIN STAGES OF THIS DESIGN ARE:

Determination of the efforts that seek to structure.

Structuring, identification of resistant elements.
Design of flat configuration and structural elements.
Preparation of the technical specifications.
Environmental
impact
studies,
analyzing
the consequences DCI project on the environment.

THE MAIN STAGES OF THIS DESIGN ARE:

Facility design, which is to give the structure the

functionality required to be occupied with the purpose for
which it was designed it.
Drafting bidding documents.
Constructability and Handling: Two key issues to consider in
the design stage.
The first should explicitly include the most efficient way
to materialize the project.
The
second,
however,
should
take
care
in
advance of how out is going to take conservation project
during its operation.

(8) Tender.

Solicitation and award. The solicitation may be public or private

and may be pre-award or be regulated absolute discretion of
the principal. The award in turn, can be negotiated or not,
depending on the rules of bidding.

(9) Construction.
This stage is one of the most important because it materializes
the work.

THE MAIN STEPS INCLUDE:

Defining a strategy and quality management.
Obtaining permits to do the work.
Drafting and acceptance of a contract where time, cost and
the relationship between owner and contractor are set.
Working methodology that more efficient and rational?
Methods for construction are determined, given the resources
available.

(9) Construction.

Planning and Programming of the work, in which partial

deadlines are set. and total, and the use of available
resources is planned through construction.
Studies budgets.
The necessary labor contract to build the work.
Procurement of materials and rent or buy the necessary
machinery for the realization.
Physical realization of the work.
It is also necessary to carry out an environmental audit.

(10) Start up.

At this stage the service delivery work previously carried out
various checks to determine the quality of construction, among
which are:

Verification testing and quality tests performed.

Detailed review of all the built elements and finishes.
Performance tests.
Final approval.

(11) Operation and maintenance.

This is a stage that is not always properly considered, it is
important to consider the handling time of the finished work.
This activity each day are taking more importance because it
is essential for the proper functioning and durability of the
structure and should be considered from the design stage.

(12) Abandonment.

Many projects, once its

purpose and life are met,
should
be
abandoned.
Therefore, this activity should
think ahead and be designed
to minimize the environmental
and economic impacts.

1.8 INTERVENTION OF
ENGINEERING

INTERVENCION DE LAS INGENIERIAS

NIVELES
1.8 INTERVENTION
OF ENGINEERING

1st level: simple settings provided by the manufacturer bodies

amid accessible without any disassembly of equipment, or
changing elements to safely accessible.

Level 2: Arrangements for exchange-standard elements provided

for this purpose, or under preventive maintenance operations
(rounds).
3rd level: Identification and troubleshooting, repair change of
functional components, mechanical repairs minors.

1.8 INTERVENTION OF ENGINEERING

4th level: major maintenance corrective or preventive.

5th level: Renovation works, reconstruction or major repairs

entrusted to the central workshop. (Note: Some authors
include here the maintenance contract with outside
companies).

1.9 NATIONAL AND

INTERNATIONAL
REGULATIONS

It is a project when framing and develop it must follow rules

which should be applied and carried out with the aim of
regulating and secure, values, quantities and minimum
requirements in the design.
To develop a project the are certain rules
They could be :

National
International

National Regulations
The Mexican Regulation is a series of rules whose purpose
is to regulate the order of each project.

Should be taken into account environmental aspects design

and construction.

National Regulations
There are two types of basic regulations in Mexican
Legislation.
Mexican Official standards

NOM are mandatory

Note: Only NOM are mandatory in scope, and second

only express a recommendation of parameters or
procedures.

National Regulations
EXAMPLES Standards NOM .
NOM 018 STPS 2000: Official Mexican Standard 018
of the Ministry of Labour and Social Security , which
came into force in 2000

International Regulations
This regulation takes into account the specific
rules of each country and that certain terms
are different in each "Norma"

1.10 INTERNAL PROCEDURES

Its purpose works.- plans and

requirements that must be filled.
Article 9. The plans are intended to illustrate and define the
exposure project data and should therefore be subject to the
following requirements:

I. exemplary film drawn in four hard copies should be

submitted.

II shall be drawn with cleanliness, precision and accuracy.

III will be on them exclusive use of the Castilian language

and the decimal system of weights and measures .

Permits - Requirements to be
filling out applications .
ARTICLE 10. The Agencies shall keep a book of "Registering
Permit Applications " , authorized by the Directorate General
of Mines and Petroleum , which will be settled in strict
numerical order , the object of each application, with
touchdown date time of presentation , giving the applicant a
copy of the same item entered in the book , which will be
worth acknowledgment. The Directorate shall keep a similar
record .

Permissions - Who should be

requested
Article 4. Applications for permits for carrying out the work
or works that article 1 refers. This Regulation shall be
submitted to the Ministry of National Heritage , through its
offices in charge of receiving and studying the applications
and awarding powers , if any , the permits , which are the
Directorate General of Mines and Petroleum in the city of
Mexico , and the technical agencies that depend on oil

Permits - Registration
requests.
ARTICLE 10. The Agencies shall keep a book of
"Registering Permit Applications " , authorized by the
Directorate General of Mines and Petroleum , which will
be settled in strict numerical order , the object of each
application, with touchdown date time of presentation ,
giving the applicant a copy of the same item entered in
the book , which will be worth acknowledgment. The
Directorate shall keep a similar record .

Permits - Documents that must

accompany applications .
Article 6. Each application shall be accompanied by the
specification and the drawings necessary or to present in
detail the projected work , all signed by a licensed to
practice in Mexico engineer and whose title and
professional certificate have been registered with the
Directorate General of Mines and Petroleum of the
Ministry of National Heritage .

Permissions - Time to
resolve requests
Article 13. Except for drilling permits , the maximum
period for study and see if the construction project work
meets
certain
technical
requirements
for
the
implementation is 15 days if the application was filed in
any Agency , or 30 days if submitted directly to the
Directorate . This period shall run from the date of filing of
the application.

Permits - granted.
ARTICLE 15. When the address or Technical Petroleum
Agency , in accordance with their respective powers,
extend permission for the execution of any work, along
with permission permit holder shall supply the Agency two
copies of the specification and approved plans ; with the
corresponding entry . One of these unauthorized copies
should be kept in the place of work and presented to the
inspectors whenever they require it.

Permissions - Case
revocation.
ARTICLE 19. The Directorate shall revoke the permissions
granted when the licensee fails to comply with the
provisions of this Regulation except fortuitous and force
majeure tested in the manner and time that that regulation
establishes cases

REFERENCES
http://www.elconstructorcivil.com/2013/04/etapas-en-unproyecto-de-construccion.html
http://www.disasterinfo.net/viento/books/GuiasReducVulnerab2.pdf
Reglamento de trabajos petroleros. PEMEX
Larry W. Lake, Petroleum Engineering Handbook, Facilites and
Construction Enginnering volume III, USA, Society of Petroleum
Engineers, 2007