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This manual was developed by Technical Services, Safety and Service Division.
It has been approved and authorised for use by DPTI staff and its authorised agents and other Road
Authorities as defined by the Road Traffic Act, by :
Stephen Pascale
A/Manager, Technical Services
Extracts may be reproduced providing the subject is kept in context and the source is acknowledged.
Every effort has been made to supply complete and accurate information. This document is subject to
continual revision and may change.
All printed copies are uncontrolled unless otherwise marked.
For information regarding the interpretation of this document please contact:
Technical Services,
DPTI
Telephone: (08) 8343 2289
Facsimile: (08) 8343 2630
Revisions
Revision to this document will be made from time to time. Revisions will only be published on
the DPTI Home page (http://www.dpti.sa.gov.au/standards/tass).
It will be the responsibility of the users of this document to ensure that the most current revision
is followed.
Version
Month/Year
Part/Section
Sept 2004
Description of Revision
Removal of 'Draft' status
Approved By
S.C
1.0
Sept 2005
S.C
2.0
March 2007
S.C
3.0
Dec 2010
S.C
3.1
Oct 2012
S.C
4.0
March 2015
4.0
May 2015
All
Part C 2.23
All
Part C 3.14
S.C
S.C
INTRODUCTION
This manual specifies the lines, patterns, symbols, letters and numerals,
pavement bars and markers used in or on roads, road related areas and
other places including kerbs, for the purpose of regulating, guiding and
warning road users, and provides guidelines for appropriate use.
TYPES OF MARKINGS
This Section describes the types of markings including paint substitutes,
pavement bars, raised pavement markers and coloured and/or textured
surfaces.
A
B
DESIGN GUIDE
This section describes the requirements for the correct and consistent
use of pavement markings in South Australia.
Table of Contents
Page
PART A - INTRODUCTION
1.0 Scope ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.0 Legal Requirements ____________________________________________________________
3.0 General Attributes ______________________________________________________________
3.1 Purpose __________________________________________________________________
3.2 Removal of Markings ________________________________________________________
3.3 Limitations ________________________________________________________________
3.4 Reflectorisation ____________________________________________________________
3.5 Anti-Skid Treatments ________________________________________________________
3.6 Materials __________________________________________________________________
3.7 Colours ____________________________________________________________________
3.8 Distinctive Pavement Marking Colours and Texture ______________________________
3.9 Off Street Parking Areas ____________________________________________________
A-1
A-1
A-1
A-1
A-1
A-2
A-2
A-2
A-2
A-2
A-2
A-2
B-1
B-2
B-2
B-2
B-3
B-3
B-3
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-5
B-5
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-7
B-7
B-8
B-8
B-10
B-10
B-10
B-11
B-11
B-12
B-13
B-13
B-14
B-14
B-14
B-18
B-22
B-22
B-22
B-23
B-24
B-25
B-26
B-27
B-27
B-27
B-27
B-28
B-28
B-30
B-30
B-33
B-34
B-35
B-35
B-35
B-36
B-39
B-40
B-41
B-42
B-45
B-46
B-47
B-48
B-48
B-50
B-51
B-52
B-53
B-53
B-54
B-54
B-54
B-54
B-54
B-55
B-55
B-56
C-1
C-2
C-2
C-2
C-2
C-2
C-2
C-2
C-2
C-2
C-3
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-10
C-11
C-11
C-12
C-12
C-13
C-14
C-17
C-18
C-19
C-19
C-20
C-21
C-23
C-23
C-25
C-26
C-27
C-27
C-27
C-28
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
3.20
3.21
3.22
3.23
C-29
C-29
C-29
C-31
C-31
C-33
C-34
C-34
C-35
C-35
C-36
C-37
C-38
C-39
C-40
C-41
C-44
C-45
C-46
C-46
C-47
C-47
C-47
C-48
C-49
C-50
C-51
C-51
C-52
C-53
C-54
C-55
C-56
C-56
C-57
C-57
C-58
C-58
C-59
C-59
C-60
C-62
C-63
C-63
C-65
C-65
C-66
C-67
C-67
C-68
C-69
C-70
C-70
C-71
C-72
C-72
C-72
C-72
C-72
C-73
C-73
C-74
C-74
C-75
C-76
C-77
C-78
C-79
C-79
C-80
C-81
C-83
C-83
C-84
C-85
C-86
C-87
C-89
Introduction
PART A
INTRODUCTION
1.0 SCOPE
This manual specifies the lines, patterns, symbols, letters and numerals, pavement bars and
markers used in or on roads, road related areas and other places including kerbs, for the
purpose of regulating, guiding and warning road users, and provides guidelines for appropriate
use.
A-1
Introduction
3.3 LIMITATIONS
Pavement markings have the following limitations:
(a) They may not be clearly visible if the road is wet or dusty, for example near an edge of
a median.
(b) They are subject to traffic wear and usually require frequent maintenance.
(c) They can be obscured by traffic.
(d) Their effect on skid resistance requires careful choice of materials and precludes the
use of large marked surface areas.
(e) They cannot be applied to unsealed roads.
In spite of these limitations they have the advantage under favourable conditions of
conveying information to the driver without diverting attention from the road.
3.4 REFLECTORISATION
All longitudinal lines except zig zag markings shall be reflectorised. Lane change arrows
as shown in Part B 2.6.3 and painted kerbs as shown in Part B 2.16 shall also be
reflectorised.
3.5 ANTI-SKID TREATMENT
An anti-skid treatment shall be applied to all markings other than longitudinal lines.
3.6 MATERIALS
Road pavements may be marked with paint, thermoplastics, pre-cut sheeting, raised
pavement markers (retro-reflective, non reflective or illuminated) or pavement bars.
3.7 COLOURS
Pavement markings shall be white unless specified as yellow or blue. Yellow shall be used
on pavement bars and to define tram only lanes and areas where parking/stopping
restrictions apply. Blue is used for disability access. Raised pavement markers may be
white, red or yellow.
Black paint may be used in the gaps and around the edges of pavement markings to
heighten contrast where a light coloured pavement does not allow adequate marking
definition to be obtained. Where this is being considered advice should first be sought
from Manager, Technical Services, DPTI.
In situations such as community events on temporarily closed roads light blue coloured
pavement markings (known as honour lines) may be used to define pedestrian
boundaries. The preferred width of the line is 50mm (75mm max) and shall be nonreflective. It should be painted with one coat and allowed to fade, or removed after the
event, to ensure road users are not confused by the markings. These markings are not
considered traffic control devices
3.8 DISTINCTIVE PAVEMENT MARKING COLOURS AND TEXTURE
There is a trend by road authorities to use distinctive coloured pavements and/or textures
to highlight the road surface in a visual, tactile or audible manner. Such treatments may
supplement traffic control devices (e.g. Bus Only areas, bicycle lanes and islands) or they
may be aesthetic marking devices to supplement streetscape designs. For commonly used
distinctive coloured pavement marking used in South Australia, refer to Part B 2.15.
3.9 OFF STREET PARKING AREAS
AS 2890.1 and AS 2890.6 are used in South Australia for off street car parking pavement
markings.
A-2
Types of Markings
PART B
TYPES OF MARKINGS
1.0 SCOPE
This Section describes the types of marking used including paint substitutes, pavement bars, raised
pavement markers and coloured areas.
It details the actual dimensions and other specification attributes of markings which need not
be shown on traffic control and road design drawings.
IMPORTANT :
All drawings are not to scale. The reader shall use the dimensions specified throughout the manual.
DO NOT SCALE OFF DRAWINGS.
B-1
Types of Markings
width Colour
(mm)
3m
9m
3m
9m
3m
9m
3m
150
3m
9m
3m
9m
3m
9m
3m
100
200
100
200
100
100
100
100
100
100
9m
3m
9m
150
t
t
3m
9m
3m
9m
3m
9m
3m
t
t
3m
9m
3m
9m
3m
9m
3m
150
B-2
150
Types of Markings
Line
width Colour
(mm)
150
(j) Continuous
(bicycle and shared paths off road)
150
80
100
100
100
100
150
3m
9m
3m
9m
3m
9m
3m
t
t
(b) Continuous
9m
3m
9m
t
t
(b) ** Enhanced
- Dukes Highway
- Sturt Highway
- Riddoch Highway
- Pt Wakefield Highway
- Augusta Highway
- Princes Highway
(Murray Bridge toTailem Bend)
- Port River Expressway
- Northern Expressway
- Southern Expressway
- North-South Motorway
- All dual carriageway roads with
sealed shoulders > 0.5m
** Note: Should there be just a few kilometres of sealed shoulder >0.5 metres in the
middle of a route (between townships) with sealed shoulder <0.5 metres, the edge line
should be applied with a transition to existing, refer to Part B 2.18.4
B-3
Types of Markings
ads as determine
Line
width Colour
(mm)
3m
1m
3m
1m
3m
1m
(a) Standard
150
100
100
150
50
450
600
450
600
150
150
1m
3m
1m
3m
1m
3m
1m
100
2.1.7 Outlines
t
(a) Standard
t
t
B-4
Types of Markings
Line
width Colour
(mm)
Kerb
Kerb
3m min
off street
6m min
on street
(wombat)
100
100
NOTE : For new works and large car parks, consideration should be
given to raised kerb extensions and/or formal pedestrian
crossings e.g wombat crossings.
path / walkway
See Detail A
1.8m (preferred)
Detail A
150mm
20
-3
00
m
approx
600mm
parking aisle
100mm
45%
100mm
B-5
Types of Markings
100
100
100
100
100
-3
00
approx
600mm
20
0
dedicated
space
m
m
150mm
100mm
45%
100mm
B-6
Types of Markings
private
access
private
access
TP
TP
road
road
10m
TP
TP
TP
Inset A
TP
road
10m
TP
TP
TP
TP
road
TP
TP
Inset B
private
access
private
access
5m
TP
10m
TP
TP
TP
road
10m *
road
TP
10m
TP
TP
10m *
TP
road
TP
10m
road
TP
NOTES: 1. The gap in the edge line for side roads starts/ends at the tangent point or clear of the vehicle turning envelope.
2. Where sufficient width is available on the sealed shoulder or apron, a Give Way line or Stop line (in accordance with
AS1742.2 - 2009 Section 2.5.4) may be installed. See Inset A for example.
3. Continuity line may be used across wide side roads, generally wider than 12m TP to TP. See Inset B for example and
Part C 3.7.
4. Edge line type (see part B 2.1.4) or no edge line.
* Australian Road Rule 134 allows a driver to cross double one-way barrier lines to enter or leave the road. Nevertheless a gap of 10m
is provided to provide drivers with a visual cue to the location of a side road and where to prop.
Pavement Marking Manual
B-7
Types of Markings
10m
TP
TP
10m
10m
10m
TP
TP
48m standard
continuous
48m standard
continuous
10m standard
continuous
unsealed
unsealed
>50m
B-8
<50m
Types of Markings
B
TP
TP
10m
TP
TP
TP
5m
cL
TP
TP
gap in continuous
line only
TP
TP
cL
5m
10m
TP
TP
TP
TP
TP
5m
10m
cL
3m minimum
TP
TP
10m
TP
TP
cL
5m
TP
TP
Note: For small offsets consider
using continuity line across
the side roads, see Part C 3.7
B-9
Types of Markings
**100mm
100mm
Outline/Edgeline
~ 45
*1.0m
0m
seal
1.
100mm
Outline/Edgeline
**100mm
100mm
*1.0m
~ 45
100mm
1.
0m
**100mm
100mm
Outline/Edgeline
~ 45
*1.0m
~ 45
100mm
1.
0m
* 1st diagonal marking or chevron is placed where the width of the treatment is 1.0m.
** In rare cases wider outlines/edge lines may be specified on traffic control drawings.
Types of Markings
2.6 ARROWS
2.6.1 Arrows - common types
Centre of lane
Centre of lane
Centre of lane
X= 100
B-11
Types of Markings
Centre of lane
Centre of lane
Centre of lane
Centre of lane
B-12
Centre of lane
X= 100
Types of Markings
1500
1000
600
1400
780
580
880
550
60
860
7500
1310
780
780
1880
edge of lane
centre line
of lane
edge of lane
900
650
875
15
15
2m
2m
2m
3.1m
200
4m
4m
4m
2.7m
2m
630
200
725
edge of lane
centre line
of lane
edge of lane
edge of lane
centre line
of lane
edge of lane
B-13
Types of Markings
2.7.2 Words
Refer to Part C 3.11.1 for the placement of KEEP CLEAR messages and Part B 2.8 for the placement of RAIL X
messages.
NOTES:
The grid width (X) is constant at 100 mm, but the grid height
(Y) may vary as follows:
Y = Height of letter or numeral required (mm)
40
However the word AHEAD may be made narrower
(eg grid width reduced to 75mm) to fit into a lane.
B-14
Types of Markings
NOTES:
The grid width (X) is constant at 100 mm, but the grid height (Y) may vary as follows:
Y = Height of letter or numeral required (mm)
40
B-15
Types of Markings
NOTES:
The grid width (X) is constant at 100 mm, but the grid height (Y) may vary as follows:
Y = Height of letter or numeral required (mm)
40
B-16
Types of Markings
NOTES:
The grid width (X) is constant at 100 mm, but the grid height (Y) may vary as follows:
Y = Height of letter or numeral required (mm)
40
B-17
Types of Markings
X
X= 50
Centre of lane
Centre of lane
B-18
Types of Markings
B
X
X
lane line
kerb
For bicycle lanes less then 1.2m, bicycle pavement symbol may be reduced
proportionally. As an atternative parts of the bicycle pavement symbol may
be omitted to ensure the symbol fits within the lane (refer to right diagram).
water table
Road Y = 1800mm
Path Y = 800mm
50
mm
B-19
Types of Markings
1220mm
300mm
X
B-20
Types of Markings
B-21
Types of Markings
NOTE:
The grid is for positional purposes
786mm
1000mm
160mm
1200mm max
800 - 1000mm
B-22
Types of Markings
B
600mm
600mm
PLATFORM AREA
Note : For design requirements specific to station platforms, contact DPTI Technical Services.
B-23
Types of Markings
dedicated space
kerb, barrier or wall
Either :
- end of parking module
- dedicated space
- other parking spaces
other parking
spaces
primary access
path
Tactile ground
surface indicators
500 to
600mm
2.4m
Parking aisle
2.4m minimum
when adjacent to a dedicated
parking space for people with
disabilities.
dedicated space
kerb, barrier or wall
Either :
- end of parking module
- dedicated space
- other parking spaces
other parking
spaces
shared space
bollard
800mm
_
+ 50
500 to
600mm
2.4m
2.4m
Parking aisle
B-24
Types of Markings
2.5m
6m
2.5m
7.5m
3m
5m
Note :
1. Marking to commence 15m to 20m beyond the first warning sign, towards the railway level crossing.
2. When a new message scheme is required, the above example shall be used. When repainting
original message, existing markings can be used.
B-25
Types of Markings
45%
2.
45%
0m
5.0m minimum
Parallel to track
0m
2.
AY
RAILW
TRACK
150mm
0.5m gap
150mm
0.5m
150mm
0.5m
NOTE:
When a new scheme is required, the above example shall be used.
When repainting original box markings, existing lines can be used.
Refer to AS1742.7 for the warrants for box markings.
B-26
Types of Markings
1.1m
6.0m
30.0m
NOTE:
Dividing line
400mm
Direction of travel
400mm
400mm
100mm
100mm
Direction of travel
Direction of travel
Edge line or
lane line
2.12.1 On street
Includes Flat-top Road Humps, Watts profile (3.7m length), Wombat Crossings (on street and off street) and
Raised Intersections.
0 to 300mm
400mm
See Detail A
Nominal start of ramp
400mm
200mm
Kerb
face
1000mm
Kerb
face
Nominal top
of ramp
Detail A
(measurements are in mm)
1000mm
500
500
200mm
0 to 300mm
200
1000
200
200
200
B-27
Types of Markings
Edge of road
road hump
See Detail B
Edge of
road hump
Detail B
(measurements are in mm)
Edge of
road hump
500
500
200
1200
300
The transverse part of the pavement marking is placed
on the original road in front of the road hump.
200
200
500
200
385mm
100mm radius
200mm
PLAN
FRONT ELEVATION
NOTE:
B-28
10mm
END ELEVATION
1. Not to scale
2. Size B Bars 50mm nominal height.
Types of Markings
Single row
Outline or edge line
75mm
90%
90%
75mm min
9m
10m taper
75mm gap
1.5m
400mm 750mm
100mm
3m
1.5m
750mm
Note : The 9m length using 4 bars at 3m spacing may be extended to 18m using 7 bars at 3m spacing.
90%
90%
A
A
NOTE:
Pavement bars shall not be used where *85th percentile approach speeds are greater than 75km/h. (The use of yellow
RRPMs is an alternative, refer to inset Part B 2.14.9).
Standard pavement bar median may be supplemented by RRPMs where physical turning control is less important. See
Part B 2.14.9.
Pavement bars shall always be placed at 90 degrees to the direction of traffic.
* 85th percentile speed (V85 km/h) - the speed at or below which 85% of vehicles are observed to travel under free-flowing conditions past a nominated
point. A vehicle is considered to be operating under free-flowing conditions when the preceding vehicle has at least 4 s headway and there is no apparent
attempt to overtake the vehicle ahead.
B-29
Types of Markings
RRPM colour
White
SYMBOLS FOR RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS
Red
Marker
Symbol
Unidirectional
- White
- Yellow
Yellow
- Red
Bidirectional
- Yellow
Line extension on symbol indicates direction of reflection.
Face of marker to be normal to direction of travel.
4.5m
1.5m
24m
1.5m
25mm min
50mm max
B-30
Types of Markings
25mm min
50mm max
12m
25mm min
50mm max
25mm min
50mm max
4.5m
24m
4.5m
12m
25mm min
50mm max
24m
25mm min
50mm max
12m
24m
25mm min
50mm max
B-31
Types of Markings
12m
25mm min
50mm max
24m
edge of kerb
median or island kerb
12m
edge of kerb
median or island kerb
150mm
24m
4.5m
150mm
25mm min
50mm max
150mm
24m
150mm
25mm min
50mm max
150mm
24m
X = The gap between the lines may be increased to provide a safer separation between opposing traffic
flows i.e. wide dividing line treatment on Dukes Highway. Such treatments shall be referred to the
Manager, Technical Services, DPTI.
B-32
Types of Markings
4.5m
25mm min
50mm max
25mm min
50mm max
12m
1.5m
1.5m
12m
B-33
Types of Markings
25mm min
50mm max
25mm min
50mm max
25mm min
50mm max
NOTES: 1. Edge lines in the merge taper on overtaking lanes from this specification (see Part B 2.14.10).
2. RRPM shall not be used on narrow sealed shoulders <0.5 metres.
3. RRPM shall be placed to the left of the edge line (direction of travel) where sealed shoulder width is > 0.5 metres.
B-34
Types of Markings
B
< 15m
> 15m
<3m
<3m
minimum of 2 RRPMs
on any one edge
NOTE :
In urban areas RRPMs on corner islands are to be white except where large
raised dividers are used (refer to Part B 2.14.5) or where red RRPMs have been
used on the edge lines on the approach or downstream from the corner island.
In the latter cases, red RRPMs shall be used to 'continue' the line of RRPMs on
the drivers left hand side only.
>3m - <12m
>3m - <12m
>12m
NOTE :
On rural roads with edge lines (standard or enhanced) red RRPMs
should be located on the other side of the corner island outline.
B-35
Types of Markings
N*
6m
6m
NOTE :
N*
6m
6m
6m
N*
6m
6m
N*
N*
kerb or
edge of seal
B-36
Types of Markings
kerb or
edge of seal
N*
N*
N*
N*
6m
6m
NOTE :
This treatment narrows the lane
width and may not be consistant
with RRPM locations before and
after the ramp.
6m
6m
6m
6m
6m
N*
6m
N*
N*
N*
kerb or
edge of seal
B-37
Types of Markings
B-38
Types of Markings
B
for RRPMs on urban corner
islands see Part B 2.14.4.1
kerb
kerb
raised divider
200m maximum
between bicycle
symbols.
Generally no
RRPMs on
continuity lines.
kerb
B-39
Types of Markings
edge of seal
200
X
sealed shoulder
> 0.5m
200
X
2
B- 40
Types of Markings
Unsealed
< 50m
TP
Unsealed
TP
48m standard
continuous
> 50m
B- 41
Types of Markings
Generally no RRPMs
on continuity lines
B- 42
Types of Markings
Inset A
200
200
X
2
Inset B
650mm
CL to CL
400mm
1.5m
125mm
from CL
750mm
1.5m
125
200
9m
200
3m
Note :
The 9m length using 4 sets of RRPM's
at 3m spacing may be extended to 18m
using 7 sets of RRPM's at 3m spacing.
B- 43
Types of Markings
mm
200
B- 44
Types of Markings
24m
24m
edge line
24m
24m
edge line
24m
24m
24m
24m
12m
24m
12m
48m
12m
24m
12m
12m
12m
12m
12m
12m
24m
12m
12m
24m
12m
24m
12m
48m
12m
24m
12m
24m
24m
B- 45
Types of Markings
1.05m to 1.2m
12m
start 70m
taper
30m
minimum
B-46
Types of Markings
The above coloured pavement areas shall be treated with skid resistant material to a minimum value 45 BPN (British
Pendulum Number).
Distinctive coloured pavements for areas other than those stated above shall be referred to Manager, Technical Services,
DPTI.
Bicycle Lane
line or kerb
continuity lines
continuity line
B-47
Types of Markings
2.16.1 Medians
Isolated openings in median kerbs left for drainage purposes shall not be painted.
6.0m min
TP
TP
< 2.0m
TP
TP
6.0m min
6.0m min
TP
TP
< 2.0m
TP
TP
6.0m min
6.0m min
TP
TP
TP
> 2.0m
TP
TP
6.0m min
B-48
Types of Markings
6.0m min
TP
TP
TP
> 3.0m
TP
TP
6.0m min
6.0m min
TP
TP
TP
TP
6.0m min
6.0m min
TP
TP
TP
TP
TP
6.0m min
6.0m min
TP
TP
TP
TP
6.0m min
B-49
Types of Markings
2.16.2 Roundabouts
Kerbs on roundabouts including stand alone splitter islands shall be fully painted. On roundabouts with provision for heavy
vehicle movements i.e. with mountable or semi-mountable areas, the first 200mm of the mountable or semi-mountable
area shall be painted white. The kerb of the central or main island in these circumstances may be painted.
100mm outline
mountable
area
200mm of mountable or
semi-mountable area
B-50
Types of Markings
Outlines and median kerb painting for auxiliary right turn lanes <3.0m
<3.0m
<3.0m
TP
6.0m min
>3.0m
<3.0m
TP
6.0m min
Outlines and median kerb painting for auxiliary right turn lanes >3.0m
<3.0m
>3.0m
TP
TP
6.0m min
>3.0m
>0.15m
TP
>3.0m
TP
6.0m min
B-51
Types of Markings
6m
TP
TP
TP
6m
TP
6m
6m
TP
TP
TP TP
6m
6m
B-52
Types of Markings
100mm outline
painted kerb
B-53
Types of Markings
Centre line
200mm
100mm
Centre line
200mm
12m
200mm
Centre line
100mm
100mm
B-54
Types of Markings
100mm
Direction of travel
B-55
Types of Markings
edge of seal
existing surface
seal width <6.8m
(no edge line)
10
ed
new work
w work
B-56
Types of Markings
B
edge of seal
existing surface
sealed shoulder <0.5m
new work
w work
B-57
Types of Markings
Design Guide
PART C
DESIGN GUIDE
1.0 SCOPE
This section contains the requirements for the correct and consistent use of pavement
markings on roads in South Australia.
It is intended that this section provides specific diagrammatic examples (i.e. not to scale or
proportion) of the application of markings and where necessary explain to the designer the
reasons why certain treatments are used. It also provides references to:
l
The Road Traffic Act
l
Australian Road Rules (ARR)
l
DPTI Code of Technical Requirements (the Code)
l
Australian Standards (AS)
l
Austroads Guide to Traffic Management (GTM)
l
Austroads Guide to Road Design (GRD)
l
Master Specifications (MS)
l
DPTI Traffic Engineering and Road Management Operational Instructions (OI)
All road authorities including their consultants and contractors are required to conform to this
manual.
NOTE:
Dimensioning Convention
All drawings are not to scale. The reader shall use the dimensions
specified throughout the manual. DO NOT SCALE OFF DRAWINGS.
All markings (longitudinal and transverse) are dimensioned centre
to centre, except for Give Way, Stop lines and pavement messages.
lane lines
Give Way, Stop lines and pavement messages are generally measured
from either the leading or trailing edge of the line or message.
crosswalk line
y
trailing edge
stop line
leading edge
Pavement Markings Manual
C-1
Design Guide
C-2
Design Guide
References
Parking is also prohibited if the parked vehicle is less then 3 metres from the dividing line as
specified in ARR 208 (6).
Any assessment for the need for dividing lines should take the following into consideration:
l
All arterial roads shall be provided with dividing lines in urban areas, and shall be
augmented with RRPMs.
Local roads may be provided with dividing lines. Installing dividing lines on narrow roads may
have implications for parking.
Where provided between major intersections dividing lines should be broken, and shall be
standard width for two lane roads and enhanced for multi lane roads.
Double barrier lines, i.e. multiple lines consisting of combinations of broken and continuous
lines or double continuous lines, are not used on urban roads.
Broken dividing lines on arterial roads continue through minor road intersections.
On any road, a break is provided in continuous dividing lines through intersections (see
Part B 2.4 for examples).
Dividing lines are not normally necessary on minor road approaches to major roads. However
there may be situations where such lines could provide additional guidance to road users.
Such cases include :
- Wide side roads
- Multi lane side roads
- High volumes of right turn movements into and/or from minor road
Dividing lines should not be provided on minor road approaches where right turn and through
movements are prevented or prohibited from the minor road.
Dividing lines should always be provided on minor road approaches that have give way or stop
lines (also see Part C 3.13).
C-3
Design Guide
References
Kerb
PARKING
Kerb
Kerb
Kerb
PARKING
Kerb
PARKING
Kerb
two-lane
two-way road
Generally single continuous lines should be used instead of double barrier lines (one-way or
two-way) in urban and low speed rural areas (also see Part B 2.1.1).
There is a temptation to use double barrier lines (double one-way or double two-way) to
control vehicle movements. However experience has shown that such treatments are
generally too passive in nature. Where it is considered necessary to prohibit all crossing
movements (for road safety) then preference should be given to physical controls e.g. raised
medians and islands, that are self regulating and do not rely on police enforcement to be
effective.
For further information on the use of barrier lines on rural roads refer to Part C 4.4.
C-4
Design Guide
References
Diagonal stripes and chevron markings are used to augment and highlight pavement
marking treatments. They often have legal significance under the ARR. They take the form
of chevrons when used to indicate that drivers, travelling in the same direction may pass
either side of the treated area or as diagonal stripes where the treatments separate
opposing traffic flows. Refer to Part B 2.5 for detailed layout of stripes.
Spacing between diagonal stripes at low speed turns is generally 6m. The spacing for
diagonal stripes and chevron markings is generally 6m on roads <70km/h, 12m on roads
>80km/h and 24m or 48m on freeways/expressways.
Diagonal stripes shall be nominally 45 degrees to the direction of travel whether straight or
curved and shall be nominally 45 degrees to the centre line of the divergence where drivers
travel on both sides of the markings.
While not exclusive, below are examples of diagonal treatments.
ge
r ed
bo
ker
eal
of s
C-5
Design Guide
References
On curved alignments, where diagonal markings are not parallel, the spacing of the markings
shall be measured at the outline or edge line.
edge line
nominally 45
nominally
6m*
nominally 45
*Nominal spacing between stripes is 6 metres and nominally 45 degrees to the tangent along
the edge line but may be varied. For rural treatments the spacing may be increased depending
on the radius of the curve. Where the section to be striped is short it is preferable to provide
stripes closer together (as close as 3 metres) to ensure the stripes provide the desired effect.
C-6
Design Guide
References
Flush medians (also known as painted islands) may separate lanes dividing opposing traffic
streams, while allowing access to and from the road or entrance to a turning lane.
ARR 138
It should be noted that unlike raised medians, flush medians do not provide physical control of
traffic movements nor do they have the advantages of being clearly visible, especially at night
and in wet weather.
*12m
widest
point
widest
point
*15m
*15m
>10m
but <20m
widest
point
45m
widest
point
taper
point
>10m
widest
point
* Generally spacing between diagonal markings should be 12m. Spacing may be varied
between 10 - 15m to suit median lengths. Spacing must be consistent along entire length
of each median section. Although it is preferable to provide at least 2 diagonal markings
in short lengths, one marking may be used in cases of very short lengths.
Pavement Marking Manual
C-7
Design Guide
References
<3m
<3m
>3m - <12m
1m
1m
Corner Islands both flush and raised for left turning vehicles should be augmented with
chevron markings for the guidance of both left turn and through vehicles. The treatment also
clearly define the differences in the ARR between turning movement priorities at intersections.
>1m
3m
3m
3m
<1m
3m
3m
3m
Design Guide
References
Diagonal stripes adjacent to kerbs at left turn treatments may be placed to guide standard
design vehicles through left turns.
Vehicles such as semi-trailers are permitted to turn over diagonal stripes to complete turns.
Diagonal markings may be supplemented with pavement bars to promote lane compliance.
C
rb
ke
Special purpose lanes and corner island treatments, adjacent to motor vehicle through lanes.
C-9
Design Guide
References
For overtaking lanes see Part C 4.9 and for diverges at kerb extensions see Part C 3.12, the
approaches to intersections e.g. CHR type treatments, see Austroads Guide to Road Design
Part 4A.
GRD Part 4A
Undivided to divided
The following example may be applied to locations where road widening has been undertaken
predominantly on one side of the road.
Td = V W
3.6S
C-10
Design Guide
ARR 149
AS1742.2 Section 4
GRD Part 4A
Tm = Merge length
V = Design speed or speed limit *(km/h)
Y = Lateral movement (m)
S = Rate of lateral movement
References
direction
of travel
Tm = V Y
3.6 S
note :
no continuity
lines
= 110m
x
x
36m
48m
lane widths
3.5m
Painted lines, stripes and chevrons may be augmented with retroreflective raised pavement
markers (RRPMs) to improve their visual properties (see Part B 2.14).
As a minimum on arterial roads, RRPMs shall be provided on all dividing lines in urban areas
and should be provided on dividing lines in rural areas. RRPMs should also be provided on
lane lines, special purpose lane lines and flush island outlines.
RRPMs enhance longitudinal lines to such an extent that they discourage crossing
movements. For this reason RRPMs shall not be used on continuity lines except in
circumstances shown (see Part C 3.5.1).
RRPMs may be used on collector and local roads if additional delineation treatment is
considered necessary.
Standard spacing is 12m on lit and 24m on unlit roads.
For the use of non-reflective pavement markers through intersections, refer to Part C 3.17.6.
Pavement Marking Manual
C-11
Design Guide
3.5.1.Continuity lines
References
Generally RRPMs are not required on continuity lines. However, in some rare cases they may
be required to provide guidance:
- on tapers where traffic is required to deviate from their path eg. trapped lane situation.
- on long lengths of curvilinear continuity lines.
Note:
- RRPMs shall not be used on continuity lines in merging situations.
- Where used, spacing shall be generally the same as that applied to lane lines i.e 12m
on lit and 24m on unlit roads.
12m
Design Guide
References
Lane lines divide two or more lines of traffic travelling in the same direction and shall be
provided on roads where traffic is expected to travel in more than one lane.
When re-allocating the carriageway width to allow cyclists and drivers to travel side by side
within the wide kerbside lane, the minimum lane width shall be 3.7m.
Lane lines are normally standard broken. However, continuous lane lines may be required
between exclusive through and exclusive turn lanes on approaches to intersections (see Part
C 3.7). They may also be used to restrict lane changing mid-block.
Lane lines should be continued through minor road intersections.
At a lane drop, the lane line should cease before the taper commences. This distance is
shown in the table in Part C 3.4.2.
For lane lines on the approach to signalised intersections see Part C 3.17.5.
For the use of continuity lines as lane lines (including the length of continuous line) see
Part C 3.7.
continuity lines
see Part C 2.7
lane drop
see Part C 2.4.2
5m
7.5
C-13
Design Guide
3.6.1 Roundabouts
References
Lane lines on the approach to a multilane roundabout are positioned as they would be for
other intersections. The lane lines within the circulating lanes and leading out of a
roundabout, known as special purpose lines, provide added guidance through the curves
while negotiating within and exiting the roundabout. Lane lines must be curved where
necessary to ensure this guidance is further enhanced.
ARR Part 9
AS1742.2 Section 5
GTM Part 6
GTM Part 10
C-14
Design Guide
References
C-15
Design Guide
References
C-16
Design Guide
References
car park
Standard
continuous
line
Standard
continuous
line
bus stop
bus stop
sign
kerb
car park
20m
10m
kerb
NOTE:
For bus stop design requirements, refer to GD800 (www.dpti.sa.gov.au/standards/roads-all)
C-17
Design Guide
References
start of
bicycle lane
d=VW
3.6
30m or d
(whichever is greater)
end of
bicycle lane
C-18
Design Guide
References
Continuity lines generally provide longitudinal continuity to traffic along lengths of road where
lane lines or other longitudinal lines either cannot or should not be provided. They are used to
substitute lane, dividing or edge lines where it is intended that the line be crossed by traffic
turning or lane changing.
Where they are used in lieu of a lane or dividing line it is important to remember that they
may continue to have the same legal effect in regard to traffic movements.
To provide continuity at very wide straight openings across side roads or other entry and
exit points along a road or across those openings that are subject to significant vertical
or horizontal changes. Continuity lines should only be provided for such situations where
it is likely that through traffic would otherwise loose continuity of travel (see Part C 3.7.3 and
3.15 for example).
At the start and end of auxiliary and special purpose lanes to indicate the section of road
that should be crossed to access or exit the auxiliary lane. Examples include:
- Acceleration and deceleration lanes (see below)
- Bus lanes (Part C 3.22.2 - 4)
- Bicycle lanes (Part C 3.6.3)
- Overtaking lanes (Part C 4.9)
- Slow vehicle turnouts (Part C 4.10)
Across side roads and other sections of road to indicate the continuance of bicycle lanes.
Across median openings where the median is greater than 2 metres in width.
kerb or edge
of bitumen
A
x
kerb or edge
of bitumen
A
<72m
x
0m (all continuity line)
72m - 120m
120m - 180m
>180m
C-19
Design Guide
PARKING
kerb
kerb
References
Note:
1. Check turning vehicle envelope for
standard design vehicle.
2. Bicycle lane continuity lines to extend
across turning vehicle envelope.
3. Bicycle logo not to be placed within
bicycle lane continuity lines.
C-20
kerb
kerb
PARKING
turning vehicle
envelope
Design Guide
References
Notes
- Side roads >12m wide
- Continuity line may be used across
narrower side roads if there is a loss
of continuity of edge line due to the
road geometry.
- Edge line and barrier / dividing line
type will vary.
C-21
Design Guide
References
C-22
55.00
55.00
50.00
50.00
45.00
45.00
40.00
40.00
35.00
CURVE
35.00
30.00
30.00
25.00
25.00
20.00
20.00
15.00
15.00
10.00
10.00
5.00
5.00
CREST VERTICAL
Design Guide
References
7.5m
5m
6m
TP
6m
15m-30m
these distances
must be equal
15m-30m
15m-30m
these distances
must be equal
15m-30m
C-23
Design Guide
References
TP
6m
15m-30m
these distances
must be equal
15m-30m
C-24
Design Guide
References
15m-30m
6m
5m
7.5m
kerb or edge line
no arrow
<12m*
5m
7.5m
kerb or edge line
7.5m
5m
>12m*
single arrow placed
mid-way along lane
(minus taper)
TP
15m-30m
6m
C-25
Design Guide
References
no arrow
<12m*
TP
15m-30m
6m
centre of lane
C-26
Design Guide
References
For edge lines on rural roads, highway and freeways see Part C 4.7.
Generally parking control markings, such as lines, Ts and Ls used to delineate parking spaces
are white.
Clearways, both part time and full time shall not be marked with edge lines.
Full time parking restriction lines i.e. continuous yellow lines, may be used to designate No
Stopping areas (with or without signs), but shall not be used to designate No Stopping areas
already covered in the Road Rules i.e. driveways, corners of road intersections, bus stops and
post boxes.
If yellow parking control lines are used along a section of road, they shall not be marked
through full time bus stops. The lines shall also not be marked 3m each side of a post box or
through designated taxi zones (taxi zones must be signed and may be delineated with parking
space markings).
Note: The yellow line at fire plug indicators (blue RRPM) and hydrants are the responsibility of
SA Water.
3.11 PAVEMENT MESSAGES (Including Symbols)
The length of letters and numerals shall be 2.5m where the speed limit is up to 80 km/h and
5.0m at higher speeds. A message should, if possible, be confined to one line. Where two or
more lines are required they shall be designed as follows:
AS1742.2 Section 5
(a) Where the 85th percentile speed is greater then 80 km/h, a separation of four times the
character height shall be used, and the message arranged to read sequentially, i.e. with
the first word nearest to the driver.
(b) At speeds lower than in Item (a), the separation between lines shall be from one-half to
one times the character height and the message arranged to read from top to bottom.
Pavement messages and symbols detailed in this manual are as follows:
BUS LANE - see Part C 3.22
BUS LANE
BUS ONLY
KEEP CLEAR
FERRY
NO LEFT TURN
NO RIGHT TURN
PED XING
RAIL X (X RAIL)
SIGNALS AHEAD
SCHOOL
NO ENTRY
Bicycle (symbol)
Pavement Arrows
For pavement messages other than those stated above shall be referred to the Manager,
Technical Services, DPTI.
C-27
Design Guide
Pavement messages for road related areas shall be limited to the following:
l
Bicycle (symbol)
Access (symbol)
Path Arrows
Pedestrian (symbol)
References
AS1428.1
AS1742.9
OI 2.12
Shall have 2.5m letter height with 2.5m spacing between words.
Where two or more lanes in the same direction are to be marked with KEEP CLEAR, the
message may be staggered at wide side roads or driveways.
The spacing of the letters in the word CLEAR may be reduced to fit the whole word into
the lane.
If the lane widths in the same direction are, on average, less than 3.3m wide then a single
KEEP CLEAR message may be used across 2 lanes or 2 messages across 3 lanes.
ARR 96
AS1742.2 Section5
OI 2.23
Single lane
2.5m
150mm line, positioned to the limits
of the required keep clear area. e.g.
in line with side road kerbs.
2.5m
2.5m
Multi-lane (preferred)
Note:
a single message covering
two lanes may be adequate.
The words may be spaced
wider to suit.
2.5m
2.5m
2.5m
C-28
Design Guide
References
C
3.12 KERB EXTENSION MARKINGS
Kerb extensions are used to reduce road widths, especially in pedestrian crossing locations.
As the name suggests, kerb extensions should preferably consist of raised areas bordered
by semi mountable median type kerbing. However, they may also consist of pavement
markings designated by outline markings with diagonal stripes, and pavement bars and/or
RRPMs.
Kerb extensions may also be used to physically control the movement of vehicles, such as a
traffic divergence on a road section or to create a high angle entry to the main road.
raised
kerb or edge of seal
C-29
Design Guide
References
ARR 195
No painted
kerb extension
10m
Standard
continuous line
10m
0
Bus
stop
20m
nominally
10m
3m
Painted kerb
extension
3m
may be supplemented
with pavement bars for
positive lane control
refer to Part B 2.13
6m
C-30
Design Guide
References
ARR 170
10m
minimum
dividing line
5m
5m
kerb
10m
minimum
typical no special
turn requirements
typical no special
turn requirements
kerb
C-31
Design Guide
References
edge line
edge line
kerb or
edge of seal
C-32
Design Guide
References
C
kerb or
edgeline
7.
5m
5m
enhanced
C-33
Design Guide
3.16 ROUNDABOUTS
References
kerb
extension
C-34
Design Guide
References
design vehicle
turning template
C-35
Design Guide
References
C-36
(page C-37)
Pavement arrows
(page C-40)
Stop lines
(page C-38)
Lane lines
(page C-44)
Turn lines
(page C-39)
Non-reflective raised
pavement markers
(page C-45)
Design Guide
References
AS1742.2
AS1742.10
AS1742.14
The line nearest the centre of the intersection should be not less then 0.6m (desirably 1m)
clear of the cross street kerb line projection.
kerb
0.6 - 1m
1.2m m
in
OI 14.1
C-37
Design Guide
References
ARR
AS1742.2
AS1742.9
AS1742.14
Stop lines for bicycles should be placed ahead of the vehicular stop line so that drivers will be
aware of bicycles waiting at the stop line prior to the start of the green period.
450 or 600mm
(see part B 2.2.1)
1.5m
200mm
1.2m
minimum
1m
1.8m
1.1m
1.2m
min
> 60%
C-38
< 60%
Design Guide
References
Turn lines may be used within signalised intersections to indicate the proper course to be
followed by turning vehicles. They shall always be used within an intersection where there
is more than one turning lane for turns in a particular direction. They are not required when
the path to be followed is obvious to drivers under all conditions.
AS1742.2
AS1742.14
Turn lines should not be carried through pedestrian crosswalks but may continue after to
continue guidance. The radius of the turn line should be as large as possible and not less
than 7m.
C-39
Design Guide
References
ARR 92
Drivers are legally required to travel in the direction of the arrow at the intersection. Arrows
shall only be used in lanes where the movements differ from the ARR (refer to the
Intersection Pavement Arrows table (Page C-43)). For example, since drivers are permitted to
turn left or travel through an intersection from the left lane, a pavement arrow indicating these
directions shall not be used in the lane.
ARR Part 4
For turns that are restricted during certain hours of the day, or
When used, a minimum of 3 arrows shall be used on the approach to the intersection unless
insufficient length is available (refer below). The arrow closest to the intersection shall be
placed 6 metres from the stop line or from the tangent point of the start of a curve for a turn
lane. The last arrow shall be marked at a point where the full width ot the lane occurs. Arrows
between these two should be equally spaced as close to 30 metres as possible (tail to tail).
However, to ensure a minimum of three arrows are provided, spacing may be reduced to a
minimum of 15 metres.
The minium number of three arrows may be reduced when the lane is short or access to a
side road is permitted such that there is insufficient length to physically install the arrows at
the minimum 15 metres spacing. In such cases the last arrow shall be aligned with the end of
the opening.
6m
6m
distance
measured
from TP
. TP
6m
Insufficient length to
install 3 arrows at the
minimum 15m spacing
15 - 30m
first arrow aligned with
end of the opening
Side road
15 - 30m
15 - 30m
C-40
Design Guide
References
AS1742.2 Section 2
BUS
ONLY
continuous line
lenght refer to
Part C 3.7
TP
6m
C-41
Design Guide
References
1 row only
C-42
NOT APPLICABLE
1
2
3
4
Three lane
Four lane
Notes:
NOT APPLICABLE
Two lane
Description of requirements
Design Guide
C-43
Design Guide
References
On the immediate approaches to traffic signals, the use of lane lines is essential where the
approach width will accommodate two or more traffic streams.
On the approach lane lines should cease with a full line segment at the stop line. This may
require a shorter gap segment, or a longer line segment.
On exits from intersections where pedestrian crosswalks exist, lane lines should start as
close as practicable (but not closer than 300mm) to the crosswalk.
For zip merges on the exit from intersections, refer to Part C 3.4.2.
For the use of continuity lines as lane lines, refer to Part C 3.7.
C-44
Design Guide
References
AS1742.2 Section 5
Lanes on opposite sides of the intersection offset by half a lane width or more.
Highly skewed intersections where the travel distance within the intersection is
excessive.
Features such as tram lines or adverse geometry which may make the course
difficult to follow.
Typical situation
C-45
Design Guide
3.18 EXPRESSWAYS
References
AS1742.2 Section 3
Expressway exit lane arrows shall only be used where multiple lanes exit onto a ramp.
50m
C-46
Design Guide
References
AS1742.9
C
3m
150mm
1m
1.2m
7m
150mm
1m
1.2m
300mm
1.2m
pavement
edge
2m
1m
150mm
1.2m
7m
150mm
1m
1.2m
1.2m
pavement
edge
C-47
Design Guide
References
destination group
see Part C 3.19.1
for typical layout
1m x 7m gap x 80mm wide
dividing line
15m min
connector group
see Part C 3.19.2
for typical layout
50m
10m
5m
5m
10m
50m
connector group
see Part C 3.19.2
for typical layout
15m min
destination group
see Part C 3.19.1
for typical layout
C-48
Design Guide
References
destination group
see Part C 3.19.1
for typical layout
15m min
connector group
see Part C 3.19.2
for typical layout
1m x 7m gap x 80mm wide
dividing line
15m min
connector group
see Part C 3.19.2
for typical layout
25m
10m
5m
connector path eg.
SMITH STREET
25m
symbol groups should
be spaced at not more
than 200m intervals
connector group
see Part C 3.19.2
for typical layout
15m min
connector group
see Part C 3.19.2
for typical layout
destination group
see Part C 3.19.1
for typical layout
C-49
Design Guide
References
destination group
see Part C 3.19.1
for typical layout
15m min
connector group
see Part C 3.19.2
for typical layout
50m
10m
5m
connector path eg.
JONES AVENUE
connector group
see Part C 3.19.2
for typical layout
connector group
see Part C 3.19.2
for typical layout
5m
connector path eg.
SMITH STREET
5m
10m
50m
12m x 80mm wide
single continuous line
connector group
see Part C 3.19.2
for typical layout
15m min
destination group
see Part C 3.19.1
for typical layout
C-50
Design Guide
References
AS1742.10
Refuges shall be outlined and the outline shall continue past the pedestrian opening.
Where pedestrian openings are provided through medians, outlines shall also continue
past the opening or a line placed across the opening as shown in Part B 2.16.5.
Where the pedestrian refuge divides opposing traffic movements unidirectional yellow
RRPMs shall be provided at 6.0m spacings. White RRPMs shall be provided at the same
spacing where the refuge separates traffic travelling in the same direction.
Special purpose broken line should be used for lane line for short isolated pedestrian refuges
on multi-lane roads.
Pedestrian refuges are either short lengths of raised medians used on roads for the sole
purpose of providing a staging area for pedestrians crossing the road or are long lengths of
median through which cut outs or walkthroughs may be provided.
minimum treatment for
two-lane two-way
30m
min
enhanced
Td = V W
3.6S
special purpose
broken line
3m
Td = V W
3.6
enhanced
broken line
(9m line 3m gap
200wide)
W
30m
min
C-51
Design Guide
References
6m
2.4m - 6m
post
post
kerb
single broken
dividing line
kerb
post
post
6m
post and flag
6m
2.4m - 6m
kerb
extension
post
kerb extension
single broken
dividing line
post
kerb
6m
C-52
Design Guide
References
AS1742.10
two-lane two-way road
6m
2.4m - 6m
C
kerb
single broken
dividing line
kerb
6m
twin alternate yellow
flashing signals
6m
2.4m - 6m
kerb
kerb
extension
kerb extension
single broken
dividing line
C-53
Design Guide
References
Wombat crossing
Top of ramp
10m minimum**
Top of ramp
10m minimum**
6m minimum
6.6m minimum
1.2m min
1.2m min
* Equal, 0.3m minimum
** A single barrier line should be provided on
each approach if the road has a dividing line
divided carriageway
Top of ramp
raised median
Top of ramp
raised median
6m minimum
1.2m min
6.6m minimum
1.2m min
Zebra crossing
off-street
4m minimum
C-54
Design Guide
References
AS1742.10
Undivided roads
two-lane two-way
C
6m
5m preferred
(2.4m min)
kerb
kerb
single post with
pedestrian push button
6m
four-lane two-way
6m
5m preferred
(2.4m min)
kerb
kerb
single post with
pedestrian push button
6m
C-55
Design Guide
References
ARR 23
The Code Section 4
dividing line or
centre of road
(b) Adjacent indented parking lane and full time bicycle lane.
kerb extensions may be present
to provide protected parking lane
R3-SA58
marked parking lane
bicycle lane (full time)
R3-SA58
zigzag positioned
centrally in lane
lane width
a (see below)
R3-SA58
zigzag positioned
centrally in lane
indicates direction of travel
C-56
Design Guide
References
lane width
a (see below)
R3-SA58
dividing line or
centre of road
Width of lane
Value of a
0.2m
0.6m
1.2m
R4-SA59
R4-SA59
R3-SA58
R3-SA58
R4-SA59
R4-SA59
R3-SA58
Notes :
WG-SA106
SCHO
OL
-S
R3
59
A
-S
A5
-S
R4
R3
A5
-S
R4
R4
-SA
59
R3
-SA
58
R4
-SA
59
R3
-SA
58
C-57
Design Guide
References
4
R3-SA58
3
1.0m min
R3-SA58
30m
1.0m min
Notes :
1. Zigzag marking should be 30m long but may be reduced to a minimum of 21m.
2. Zigzag markings must not extend into an intersection. It must be clear of the
prolongation of the kerb or edge of road by at least 1.0m.
3. Prolongation of kerb or edge of road.
4. Zigzag marking may retain its length by extending past the School Zone sign i.e.
where sign installation may be restricted due to driveways.
3.0m min
1
21m min
R3-SA58
2
1.0m
min
30m
1
R3-SA58
R3-SA58
R4-SA59
R4-SA59
R3-SA58
R3-SA58
C-58
Design Guide
References
R4-SA59
R3-SA58
R3-SA58
R4-SA59
R3-SA58
<3m
>3m
R4-SA59
R3-SA58
R4-SA59
For Bus Lane widths on an urban arterial road agreement shall be sought from
Operational Services, DPTI.
At the start of a Bus Lane where road users are required to diverge to avoid entering the
lane, a continuity line transition shall be provided.
Part time Bus Lanes shall have a special purpose broken lane line.
BUS LANE AHEAD pavement messages placed in advance of the continuity line transition
are preferred for both full and part time Bus Lanes.
BUS LANE pavement messages must be placed at the start of both full and part time Bus
Lanes after intersections and at intervals not exceeding 200 metres.
Pavement messages need not be in lateral alignment with Bus lane signs.
Red pavement colouring in a lane or part of a lane shall only be used with a Bus Only
pavement message. Red shall not be used for any other purpose.
C-59
Design Guide
References
AS1742.12
1.2m - 2.5m
2.5m
1.2m - 2.5m
2.5m
1.2m - 2.5m
2.5m
bus lane
1.2m - 2.5m
2.5m
continuous lane line
bus lane
Bus Only
2.5m
1.2m - 2.5m
2.5m
continuous lane line
C-60
Design Guide
References
6.2m - 7.5m
35m
kerb
continuity
line
35m - 100m
C-61
Design Guide
References
10m
to
50m
10m
to
50m
200m max
200m max
100m
C-62
7.5m
7.5m
35m
35m
30m
to
100m
30m
to
100m
12.5m
12.5m
Design Guide
References
Parking bays should not normally be marked in part-time bus lanes. However, when they
are required, they should be marked with T and L markings.
C
AS1742.12
C-63
Design Guide
C-64
References
Design Guide
References
C-65
Design Guide
References
OI 9.3
C-66
Design Guide
References
OI 9.3
OI 9.3
C-67
Design Guide
References
4.0m minimum
x* symbols to be
evenly spaced
x*
x*
kerb
x*
C-68
Design Guide
References
C
x* symbols to be
evenly spaced
4.0m minimum
x*
x*
x*
300mm
water table
varies
C-69
Design Guide
References
3m
start continuity
line
1.5m
3m
1.2m
1.8m
holding
rail
5.8m
6m
C-70
Design Guide
References
stop line
6 diamond markings
(100mm x 100mm)
at 300mm centers
300mm
500mm
250mm
250mm
160mm
lane line
C-71
Design Guide
References
GRD Part 3
GRD Part 4A
Any assessment for the need for dividing lines needs to consider the following:
l
All rural arterial roads shall be provided with dividing lines and should be augmented with
RRPMs.
Local rural roads may be provided with dividing lines. Installing dividing lines on narrow
roads may have implications for parking.
Where provided between major rural intersections dividing lines should be broken, and
shall be standard width for 2 lane roads and enhanced for multi lane roads.
Where provided on minor or local rural roads at intersections, short sections of single
continuous barrier line may be provided.
Dividing lines on rural arterial roads through minor road intersections are generally broken
(see Part B 2.4 Rural Intersections).
l
l
C-72
Railway level crossings in accordance with Australian Standards Manual of Uniform Traffic
Control Devices (AS1742.7).
Overtaking lanes in accordance with this document and Operational Instruction 2.15
Ferry approaches in accordance with Australian Standards Manual of Uniform Traffic
Control Devices.
AS1742.7 Section 3
OI 2.15
Design Guide
References
For wide dividing line treatments the following requirements for the establishment of noovertaking zones apply. For all other locations, refer to AS1742.2.
AS1742.2
590m
280m
55m*
165m
310m
690m
330m
60m*
180m
350m
*where a short length of road has substandard overtaking sight distance, barrier lines should
not be marked e.g. short sag (floodway) on an otherwise level road.
4.6 LANE LINES ON RURAL ROADS
Lane lines i.e. lines dividing lanes of the same direction traffic, must be provided on roads
where traffic is expected to travel in more than one line of traffic.
Lanes should not be marked on a rural road where it would result in lane widths of less than
3.2 metres. Restricted access routes may require greater lane widths.
Lane lines are normally standard broken. However, unbroken lane lines may be used between
exclusive through and exclusive turn lanes on approaches to intersections.
Lane lines on rural roads should be continued through minor road intersections.
All multi lane divided rural roads shall be provided with enhanced edge lines and outlines.
dividing strip
(unkerbed)
(kerbed)
175mm
min
enhanced outline
C-73
Design Guide
References
Edge lines shall be provided on all rural roads to ensure the lane width does not exceed 3.5
metres.
AS1742.2 Section 4
AS1742.2 Section 5
GRD Part 3
Edge lines provide a clear definition of the lane both day and night and discourage traffic from
travelling on shoulders.
Practices regarding lane and sealed shoulder widths including the issues relating to pavement
depth, should be considered before providing an edge line.
Part C 4.7.1 and 4.7.2 show best practice in regard to installing edge lines.
Part C 4.7.3 and 4.7.4 indicates a required treatment.
4.7.1 Narrow rural two-lane two-way road (sealed width >5.5m, <6.8m)
unsealed shoulder
AS1742.2 Section 4
edge of seal
(no edge line unless
AS1742.2 clause 4.2.2.1 (b)
or clause 5.3.2.4 applies)
> 5.5m
unsealed shoulder
C-74
Design Guide
References
unsealed shoulder
edge of seal
> 6.8m
(seal width)
unsealed shoulder
> 6.4m
C-75
Design Guide
References
edge line*
> 0.5m
> 6.6m
> 7.6m
(seal width)
C-76
Design Guide
References
C
enhanced
edge line
or
outline
> 0.5m
> 0.5m
> 0.5m
> 0.5m
C-77
Design Guide
References
ATLM consists of a thermoplastic pattern of transverse ribs installed in accordance with DPTI
Master Specification Part 247 Audio Tactile Line Marking with the location of such markings as
detailed in this section. The "discontinuous thermoplastic style" is used in South Australia. It is
effective, less expensive and avoids the risk of localised water pooling between the pavement
and the thermoplastic.
MS Part 247
C-78
Design Guide
References
AS1742.2 Section 2
GRD Part 3
OI 2.15
edge line
W
C
D = Diverge
V = Design Speed (km/h)
W = Lateral movement (m)
D = VW
3
V85
km/h
75 - 90
60
>90
96
edge line
C-79
Design Guide
G9-73B
References
.
A
2
V85
km/h
<75
100
75-90
150
>90
250
W4-9C
W8-15C
C-80
Design Guide
References
Slow vehicle turnouts are short sections of sealed shoulder or added lane to provide drivers of
slow-moving vehicles an area to be overtaken or passed by another vehicle where constraints
do not allow provision of a full overtaking or climbing lane. Located on low speed, winding or
hilly two-lane two-way roads, which have limited passing opportunities, they consist of a
widened unobstructed sealed shoulder and are most effective if used in a series along a
section of road.
Turnouts should be located where drivers of slow moving vehicles believe their use will not
result in undue delay. Turnouts should not be interspersed with overtaking or climbing lanes.
Drivers should have a clear view of the entire turnout to determine whether it is available for
use and to anticipate the movement of any other vehicles which may be exiting. Experience
suggests that turnouts which cannot be seen for some distance by approaching drivers are
less likely to be used.
A total length of 80-100m (including tapers) is considered suitable for most environments.
Total length should not exceed 160m. The lengths below are provided as a guide.
Mean Approach *Rec. overall
Speed (km/h)
Length (m)
<50
60
50 - 59
80
60 - 69
100
70 - 79
135
>80
160
* These lengths are based on the assumption that slow moving vehicles enter the turnout
8km/h slower than the mean speed of the through traffic. They are sufficient to allow a vehicle
to enter the turnout at the assumed speed, coast to the midpoint and then, if necessary, stop
in the remaining length using a deceleration rate of 3 m/s 2 .
No Parking or No Stopping?
If the driver of the slow moving vehicle were to stop in the slow vehicle turnout to allow
multiple vehicles to pass and No Stopping signs and/or yellow edge lines were installed, the
driver could be committing an offense under ARR 167 and ARR 169 respectively. Therefore,
No Stopping signs and yellow edge lines shall not be used.
No Parking signs shall be installed to allow drivers to stop for short periods (up to 2 minutes see ARR 168).
C-81
Design Guide
References
GRD Part 6
15m - 30m
edge lines
3.7m
min
edge of seal
15m - 30m
1.0m
edge of seal
C-82
edge lines
Design Guide
References
C
sealed shoulder only
(typically >3.0m)
OI 20.3
*
acceleration
lane
edge line
edge of
existing seal
continuity
line
sealed
shoulder only
C-83
Design Guide
References
edge of
existing seal
deceleration lane
(if necessary)
continuity
line
C-84
Design Guide
References
edge of seal
acceleration
lane
>3.5m
150m min
(30m
taper)
deceleration
lane
C-85
Design Guide
References
edge of seal
100m min
(30m
taper)
C-86
Design Guide
References
Barrier lines to be provided only in accordance with no overtaking zone sight distance
requirements and only on roads greater than 5.5m width.
If the road is provided with an enhanced edge line, the enhanced edge line shall be
continued across the narrow bridge to match.
Special purpose broken lines to be used for dividing lines on floodways and causeways
only (see Part C 4.13).
Yellow edge lines shall not be used as ARR 192 (1) applies.
narrowing of
formation
width only
narrowing of
formation
width only
30m
30m
edge lines
edge lines
<5.5m
(no edge lines)
no narrowing of road
formation or seal width
>5.5m
(no edge lines)
no narrowing of road
formation or seal width
C-87
Design Guide
References
Grid example
grid
narrowing of
sealed width
100m
minimum
edge lines
existing road
edge line if provided
>6.8m
(edge lined)
C-88
Design Guide
References
Floodways and causeways are sections of road that are subject to flooding. When water is
over the road, delineation is reduced because the edge lines and particularly the standard
dividing line (3m line, 9m gap) are very difficult to see through the water.
Floodway/causeway examples
edge of seal
floodway /
causeway
enhanced
edge lines
floodway / causeway
edge of seal
edge
of seal
special purpose
broken dividing line
100m
minimum
edge lines
edge lines
existing road
edge line if provided
>5.5m
>6.8m
edge of seal
no narrowing of road
formation or seal width
C-89