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LABOR RELATIONS
COURSE BLUEPRINT
A REVIEW
A. Labor Relations vs. Labor Standards
B. Interpretation and application of labor laws

PNCC Skyway Traffic Management and Security Division Workers Organization v. PNCC Skyway
Corp., G.R. No. 171231, February 17, 2010
C. Social Justice

PLDT v. NLRC, G.R. No. 80609, August 23, 1988, En Banc

D. Police Power

Philippine Association of Service Exporters, Inc. v. Drilon, G.R. No. 81958, June 30, 1988, En Banc
E. Employer Employee Relationship
1. Definition
2. Determination of the existence of the relationship
F. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1. Art. 2
2. Art. 23
G. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
1. Art. 8
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES
A. Constitutional Provisions
1. State Policies Article II, Secs. 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 18, 20
2. Bill of Rights Article III, Secs. 1, 4, 8
3. Social Justice and Human Rights Art. XIII, Secs. 1, 2, 3, 14
B. Civil Code Provisions
1. Articles 10, 1700, 1701, 1702
C. Labor Code Provisions
1. LC Article 3 Basic Policy
2. LC Article 211 Labor Relations State Policies
a) Right to self-organization
b) Preferred modes of settling disputes
c) Social justice
d) Industrial peace
e) Workers enlightenment
f) Workers participation in decision-making process
D. Definition of Terms
1. LC Art. 212
RELATED AGENCIES/BUREAUS
Composition / Jurisdiction / Functions
DOLE Department of Labor and Employment
NLRC National Labor Relations Commission
BLR Bureau of Labor Relations
NCMB National Conciliation and Mediation Board

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LABOR RELATIONS LAW

A. Right to Self-Organization
1. Constitutional Guarantee
a) Art. III, Sec. 8
b) Art. XIII, Sec. 3
2. Purpose of Self-Organization
a) Art. 245

Samahan ng Manggagawa sa Hanjin Shipyards v. BLR, et. al., G.R. No. 211145, October 14,
2015
3. Employee Coverage
a) LC Art. 243 to 245
b) LC Art. 277 (c)
c) Executive Order No. 180
d) WHO CAN
d.1) All Employees

FEU-Dr. Reyes Medical Foundation Inc. vs. Trajano, G.R. No. 76273, July 31,
1987

NUWHRAIN Manila Pavilion Chapter vs. Sec. of Labor, G.R. No. 181531, July 31,
2009
d.2) Supervisors
(i) LC Art. 212 (m)
(ii) LC Art. 245

Franklin Baker Co. vs. Trajano, G.R. No. 75039, January 28, 1988
d.3) Aliens
(i) LC Art. 269
(ii) Requisites
(iii) LC Art. 270
(iv) Trade Union Activities
d.4) Security Guards

Meralco vs. Sec. of Labor, G.R. No. 91902, May 20, 1991
e) WHO CANNOT
e.1) Managerial & Confidential Employees

Metrolab Industries vs Confessor, G.R. No. 108855, February 28, 1996

Penaranda vs Baganga Plywood Corp., G.R. No. 159577, May 3, 2006

United Pepsi-Cola Supervisory Union (UPSU) v. Laguesma, G.R. No. 122226,

March 25, 1998

Tagaytay Highlands International Golf Club vs. Tagaytay Highlands Employees

Union-PGTWO, G.R. No. 142000, January 22, 2003

Coca-Cola Bottlers Philippines, Inc., v. Ilocos Professional and Technical

Employees Union (IPTEU), G.R. No. 193798, September 9, 2015
e.2) Cooperative Members

Benguet Electric Cooperatives Inc. vs. Calleja, G.R. No. 79025, December 29,
1989

Central Negros vs. Sec. of Labor, G.R. No. 94045, September 13, 1991
e.3) Non-Employees
f) WORKERS WITH QUALIFIED RIGHTS
f.1) Ambulant, Intermittent and Itinerant Workers
(i) LC Art. 243
f.2) Government Employees
(i) Executive Order No. 180
(ii) LC Art. 244
(iii) LC Art. 277
4. Scope of the Right to Self Organization
a) LC Art. 243 to 246
b) LC Art. 277 (c)

Reyes vs. Trajano, G.R. No. 84433, June 2, 1992

Pan American World Airways Inc. vs. Pan American EU, G.R. No. L-25094, April 29, 1969,
En Banc

UST Faculty Union vs. Bitonio, G.R. No. 131235, November 16, 1999
B. Labor Organizations
1. Definition
- Labor Organization
- Union
- Legitimate Labor Organization

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- Workers Association
- Legitimate Workers Association
- Federation / National Union / Industry Union
- Trade Union Center
- Independent Union

San Miguel Corporation Employees Union (PTGWO) vs. San Miguel Packaging Products
Employees Union (PDMP), G.R. No. 171153, September 12, 2007
2. Registration
a) Purpose of registration
b) Constitutionality

PAFLU vs. Sec. of Labor, G.R. No. L-22228, February 27, 1969, En Banc
c) Requirements and Procedure
1) DOLE Dept. Order No. 40-03 (Series of 2003) Rule III
d) Modes of Registration

Coastal Subic Bay Terminal vs. DOLE, G.R. No. 157117, November 20, 2006

San Miguel Corporation (Mandaue Packaging) vs. Mandaue Packing Products Plants
(SMAMRFU), G.R. No. 152356, August 16, 2005
e) Effects of registration
f) Certificate of Registration
g) Denial of Registration
3. Cancellation of Registration
a) LC Art. 239
b) DOLE Dept. Order No. 40-03 (Series of 2003) Rule XIV and XV

Tagaytay Highlands International Golf Club vs. Tagaytay Highlands Employees Union-PGTWO,
G.R. No. 142000, January 22, 2003

The Heritage Manila Hotel vs. PIGLAS-Heritage, G.R. No. 177024, October 30, 2009
C. Rights and Conditions of Membership
1. Fees and Collection

Del Pilar Academy vs. Del Pilar Academy Employees Union, G.R. No. 170112, April 30, 2008
2. Financial Reporting
3. Election Officers and Qualifications
a) Qualifications
b) Disqualifications
4. Method of Election
5. Intra-Union Disputes
6. Admission of Members & Retention of Membership
7. Disbursement of Union Funds
8. Compensation of Officers
9. Reporting
10. Assessments and Check-Offs

ABS-CBN Supervisors Employee Union vs. ABS-CBN, G.R. No. 106518, March 11, 1999
D. Rights of Legitimate Labor Organizations
1. Representation
2. Bargaining Agent
3. Financial Statements
4. Property Rights
5. Personality to Sue and be Sued
6. Tax Exemptions
7. Other Activities
E. Appropriate Bargaining Unit
1. LC Art. 255
2. Definition
a) Bargaining Unit
b) Exclusive Bargaining Agent or Exclusive Bargaining Representative (Doctrine of Union Monopoly)
3. Test to determine the constituency of an appropriate bargaining unit
a) Globe Doctrine / The Express Will or Desire of the Employees Test

International School Alliance of Educators (ISAE) vs. Quisumbing, G.R. No. 128845, June
1, 2000
b) Substantial Mutual Interest Principle / Community or Mutuality of Interest Test

National Association Of Free Trade Unions vs. Mainit Lumber Development Company
Workers Union, G.R. No. 79526, December 21, 1990

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San Miguel Corporation vs. Laguesma, G.R. No. 100485, September 21, 1994
San Miguel Foods Incorporated vs. San Miguel Corporation Supervisors and Exempt
Union, G.R. No. 146206, August 1, 2011
c) Collective Bargaining History Principle / Prior Collective Bargaining History Test
d) Employment Status Principle / Employment Status Test
4. Participation in the policy and decision-making process

PAL vs. NLRC, G.R. 85985, August 13, 1993

5. Labor-Management Committees or Council

F. Representation Issue in Organized Establishments
1. LC Arts. 256 to 259
2. Methods of Establishing Majority Status
a) Certification Election
(i) Purpose

Port Workers Union of the Phils. vs Laguesma

Reyes vs. Trajano, G.R. No. 84433, June 2, 1992

b) Voluntary Recognition
c) Consent Election
d) Run-Off Elections

NUWHRAIN Manila Pavilion vs. Sec. of Labor, G.R. No. 181531, July 31, 2009
e) Employer Certification
(i) DOLE Dept. Order No. 40-03 (Series of 2003) Rule VII
f) No Direct Certification

Central Negros vs. Sec. of Labor, G.R. No. 94045, September 13, 1991

Samahang Manggagawa sa Premex vs. Sec. of Labor, G.R. No. 107792, March 2, 1998
g) Effect of Withdrawal of Employee Participation

Tagaytay Highlands International Golf Club vs. Tagaytay Highlands Employees UnionPGTWO, G.R. No. 142000, January 22, 2003
3. Petition for Certification Election
a) DOLE Dept. Order No. 40-03 (Series of 2003) Rule VIII
b) Union as the Petitioner
1) Organized Establishment
(i) LC Art. 256
2) Unorganized Establishment
(i) Definition Unorganized Establishment
(ii) LC Art. 257

Sugbuanon Rural Bank vs. Laguesma, G.R. No. 116194, February 3,

2000
c) Employer as the Petitioner
1) LC Art. 258

Notre Dame of Greater Manila vs. Laguesma, G.R. No. 149833, June 29, 2004
4. Election Rules and Procedure (LC Arts. 256 to 258)
a) Posting of Notice
b) Voting List and Voters
c) Valid Votes Cast
d) Protest
e) Appeal
1) LC Art. 259
f) Annulment
1) Grounds
g) Suspension of Certification Election
j) Effect of Pending Petition vis--vis Cancellation of Trade Union Registration
1) LC Art. 238-A

Progressive Development Corporation vs. Laguesma, G.R. No. 96425, February

4, 1992
5. Bars to Certification Election
a) One Year Bar Rule
b) Deadlock Bar Rule
c) Contract Bar Rule
d) Freedom Period
6. Affiliation and disaffiliation of the local union from the mother union
a) Substitutionary doctrine

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Alliance of Nationalist And Genuine Labor Organization vs. SAMANA BAY, G.R. No. 118562, July
5, 1996
Benguet Consolidated vs. BCI Employees and Workers Union, G.R. No. L-24711, April 30, 1968,
En Banc

G. Collective Bargaining
1. Definition

University of the Immaculate Conception vs. Sec. of Labor, G.R. No. 146291, January 23, 2002
2. Essential Requisites
3. Procedure LC Arts. 250, 251, 233
a) Notice
b) Settlement of Differences
c) Conciliation
d) Prohibited Activities
e) DOLE Assistance LC Art. 267 Assistance by the Department of Labor
4. Duty to Bargain
a) LC Arts. 252, 253
b) Nature

Collegio de San Juan De Letran vs Association of Employees and Faculty of Letran, G.R. No.
141471, September 18, 2000

Kiok Loy vs. NLRC, G.R. No. L-54334, January 22, 1986
c) Substitutionary Doctrine
d) Absorption Doctrine
5. Kinds of Bargaining
a) Single Enterprise
b) Multi-Employer
H. Collective Bargaining Agreement
1. Interpretation and Nature

PNCC Skyway Traffic Management and Security Division Workers Organization v. PNCC Skyway
Corp., G.R. No. 171231, February 17, 2010

RFM Corporation vs. KAMPI-NAFLU-KMU, G.R. No. 162324, February 4, 2009

Halaguena vs. PAL, G.R. No. 172013, October 2, 2009

2. Duration of Agreement (Art. 253(a) Labor Code)
a) Effect of Expiry

New Pacific Timber Supply Co. vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 124224, march 17, 2000

Manila Electric Coop. vs, Quisumbing, G.R. No. 127598, February 22, 2000

Faculty Association of Mapua Institute of Technology vs. CA. G.R. No. 164060, June 15, 2007
3. Mandatory Requirements of Publication, Ratification and Registration
4. Contract Beneficiaries

New Pacific Timber Supply Co. vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 124224, March 17, 2000

Manlimos vs. NLRC. G.R. No. 113337, March 2, 1995

5. Union Security Arrangements
a) LC Art. 248(e) Unfair Labor Practices of Employers

Inguillo vs. First Philippine Scales Inc., G.R. No. 165407, June 5, 2009

Tanduay Distillery Labor Union vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 75037, April 30, 1987
I. Grievance Machinery
1. Definition
a) Grievance
b) Grievance Machinery
c) Grievance Procedure
2. Nature of Grievance
3. Grievance Procedure in CBA (LC Art. 260 Grievance Machinery & Voluntary Arbitration; 212(n)
Definitions)

Juanito Tabigue vs. International Copra Export Corp., G.R. No. 183335, December 23, 2009
4. Grievance Issues

Caltex Refinery Employees Association vs. Brillantes, G.R. No.123782, September 16, 1997
5. Arbitration
a) Voluntary
b) Compulsory
6. Voluntary Arbitration

Santuyo vs. Remerco Garments Manufacturing, Inc., G.R. No. 174420, March 22, 2010
7. Types of Labor Disputes that May be Submitted to Voluntary Arbitration
a) Rights Disputes
b) Interest Disputes

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8. Voluntary Arbitrators
9. Selection of Arbitrators
a) General Considerations
b) Attributes a Voluntary Arbitrator Should Possess
c) Minimum Criteria for Accreditation
d) Indicators of Acceptability
10. Two Kinds Permanent / Ad Hoc
11. Jurisdiction of Voluntary Arbitrators Art. 261 Jurisdiction of Voluntary Arbitrators or Panel of
Arbitrators
12. Barangay Conciliation and Arbitration
13. Arbitration Decisions and Awards
J. Unfair Labor Practices (ULP)
1. Concept of ULP
2. ULP of Employers
a) Test of interference with, restraint or coercion of employees in the exercise of right to selforganization
1) Totality of Conduct Doctrine

Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd., Employees Association vs. Insular Life Assurance, G.R.
No. L-25291, January 30, 1970

Hacienda Fatima vs. Natl. Federation of Sugarcane Workers, G.R. No. 149440, January
28, 2003

Standard Chartered Bank Employees Union vs. Confessor, G.R. No. 114974, June 16,
2004
b) Yellow Dog Contract Art. 248 (b)
c) Company Union

Philippine American Cigar and Cigarette Factory Workers Independent Union vs.
Philippine American Cigar and Cigarette Manufacturing, Co., G.R. No. L-18364,
February 28, 1963
d) Art. 248 (e)
1) Discrimination
2) Union Security Clause
(i) Close Shop Agreement
(ii) Union Shop Agreement

Victoriano vs. Elizalde Rope Workers Union, G.R. No. L-25246, September 12,
1974
3) Agency Fee
4) Duty to bargain collectively
5) Runaway Shop
Criminal Liability
3. ULP of Labor Organizations
a) Restraint or coercion of employees in the exercise of right to self-organization
b) Featherbedding
4. Unfair Labor Practice in collective bargaining
a) Bargaining in bad faith
b) Refusal to bargain
c) Blue sky bargaining
d) Surface bargaining
K. Economic Weapons / Right to peaceful concerted activities
1. Strikes
2. Lockouts
3. Pickets
4. Industrial or labor dispute
5. Mandatory Procedural Requisites
6. Valid Grounds for Strike or Lockout
a) ULP
b) Collective Bargaining Deadlock
7. Notice of Strike
a) When to file
b) Who may file
8. Strike or Lockout Vote
9. Union Busting
10. Cooling Off Period
a) Purpose
11. Seven-day Waiting Period (Strike or Lockout Ban)
a) Mandatory nature

CCBPI Postmix Workers Union vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 114521, November 27, 1998 and
Coca-Cola Bottlers Phil., Inc. vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 123491, November 27, 1998

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12. Assumption of jurisdiction by the Secretary of Labor or certification of the labor dispute to the NLRC for
compulsory arbitration
13. National Interest Case

Philtread Workers Union (PTWU) vs. Confessor, G.R. No. 117169, March 12, 1997

Phimco Industries, Inc., vs. Brillantes, G.R. No. 120751, March 17 1999
14. Return to Work Order
15. Injunction in strike or lockout or picketing cases
16. Illegal strike
a) Liability of officers of the unions
b) Liability of ordinary workers
17. Rule on entitlement to backwages in case of a strike?
18. Guidelines issued by the DOLE and NAPOLCOM Guidelines for the Conduct of PNP Personnel, Private
Security Guards and Company Guard Forces During Strikes, Lockouts and Disputes in General
L. Management Prerogative
1. Discipline
a) Prescribing rules and regulations
b) Proportionality rule

Sagales vs. Rustans Commercial Corporation, G.R. No. 166554, November 27, 2008

Solvic Inductrial Corp. vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 125548, September 25, 1998
2. Transfer of employees

Mendoza vs. Rural Bank of Lucban, G.R. No. 155421, July 7, 2004

PT&T vs. Lapalana, G.R. No. 76645, July 23, 1991

Allied Banking Corporation vs. CA, G.R. No. 144412, November 18, 2003

Genuino Ice Company, Inc. vs. Magpantay, G.R. No. 147790, June 27, 2006
3. Grant of bonus

Philippine Duplicators v. NLRC, G.R. No. 110068, February 15, 1995, En Banc

Eastern Telecomunications Phil. Inc. v. Eastern Telecoms Union, G.R. No. 185665, February 8,
2012
4. Change of working hours

Manila Jockey Club Employees Labor Union, G.R. No. 167760, March 7, 2007
5. Marital discrimination

Duncan Association of Detailman-PTGWO and Pedro Tecson v. Glaxo Wellcome Philippines, Inc.,
G.R. No. 162994, September 17, 2004

Philippine Telegraph and Telephone Company v. NLRC, G.R. No. 118978, May 23, 1997

Star Paper Corporation vs. Simbol, G.R. No, 164774, April 12, 2006
6. Post-employment ban

Ferrazzinni vs. Gsell, G.R. No. L-10712, August 10, 1916, En Banc

Del Castillo vs. Richmond, G.R. No. L-21127, February 9, 1924, En Banc

Rivera vs. Solidbank Corporation, G.R. No. 163269, April 19, 2006
7. Suspension
8. Preventive Suspension

Gatbonton v. NLRC, G.R. No. 146779, January 23, 2006

9. Limitations in its exercise
10. Concept of Security of Tenure
11. Promotion vs. Demotion
M. Termination of Employment
1. Employer-employee relationship
a) Four-fold test
b) Probationary employment
1) How to Reckon Six Months

CALS Poultry Supply Corporation vs. Roco, G.R. No. 150660, July 30, 2002

Alcira vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 149859, June 9, 2004

Mitsubishi Motors Philippines Corporation vs. Chrysler Philippines Labor Union,

G. R. No. 148738, June 29, 2004
2) Reasonable standards made known by the employer to the employee at the time of
engagement

Alcira vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 149859, June 9, 2004

Aberdeen Court, Inc. v. Agustin, Jr., G.R. No. 149371, April 13, 2005
3) Security of Tenure

Dela Cruz vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 145417, December 11, 2003

Alcira vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 149859, June 9, 2004

Cathay Pacific Airways, Limited vs. Marin, G.R. No. 148931, September 12,
2006
3) Grounds for Termination
i) Failure to meet standards for regularization

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ii) Just Causes

iii) Authorized Causes
4) When to End the Probationary Period

Espina, et. al., vs. CA, G.R. No. 164582, March 28, 2007
5) Extension of the Probationary Period

Servidad vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 128682, March 18, 1999

c) Kinds of employment

Bernardo, et. al., vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 122917, July 12, 1999
1) Regular employment
i) Ways of attaining regular employment
(a) By nature of work (Reasonable connection rule)
(b) By period of service

Paguio vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 147816, May 9, 2003

Conti vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 119253, April 10, 1997

(c) By probationary employment
2) Casual employment

Conti vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 119253, April 10, 1997

Fabela, et. al. vs. San Miguel Corporation, G.R. 150658, February 9, 2007
3) Seasonal employment
i) Requisites to attain regular employment

Hacienda Fatima vs. Nacional Federation of Sugarcane Workers Food and

General Trade, G.R. No. 149440, January 20, 2003
4) Project employment
i) Indicators of project employment

Cocomangas Hotel Beach Resort vs. Visca, G.R. No. 167045, August 29, 2008

Equipment Technical Services vs. CA, G.R. No. 157680, October 8, 2008

Caseres vs. Universal Robina Sugar Milling Corporation, G.R.No. 159343,

September 28, 2007
ii) Work Pool

Philippine National Construction Corporation vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 85323, June 20,
1989

Fernandez vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 106090, February 28, 1994

Maraguinot, et. al. vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 120969, January 22, 1998
iii) Can project employees be regular employees?

Magcalas, et. al. vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 100333, March 13, 1997
5) Fixed term employment
i) Requisites for validity

Brent School, Inc., vs. Zamora, G.R. No. 48494, February 5, 1990, En Banc

Philippine National Oil Company-Energy Development Corporate vs. NLRC, G.R.

No. 97747, March 31, 1994
ii) Termination

Blancaflor vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 101013, February 2, 1993

iii) Successive renewal / Employment on as the need arises basis

Philips Semiconductors, Inc., vs. Fadriquela, G.R. No. 141717, April 14, 2004
iv) Validity of a Pre-termination Clause

Price vs. Innodata Phils., Inc., G.R. No. 178505, September 30, 2008

Loralei Halili v. Justice for Children International, et. al., G.R. No. 194906,
September 9, 2015
6) Part time employment
d) Job contracting and labor-only contracting
1) When is there job contracting?
2) When is there labor-only contracting?
2. Termination of employment
a) Two aspects characterizing Due Process
b) Substantive due process
1) Just causes
i) Serious misconduct or willful disobedience
(a) Requisites

Dimabayao vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 122178, February 25, 1999

Bascon vs. CA, G.R. No. 144899, February 5, 2004

Nagkakaisang Lakas ng Manggagawa sa Keihin (NLMK-OLALIA-KMU) vs.

Keihin Philippines Corporation, G.R. No. 171115, August 09, 2010

Fujitsu Computer Products Corporation of the Philippines vs. CA, G.R.

No. 158232, March 31, 2005
(b) Sexual Harassment

Digitel Telecommunications Philippines, Inc., v. Soriano, G.R. No.

166039, June 26, 2006

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Philippine Aeolus Automotive United Corporation. v. NLRC, G.R. No.

124617, April 28, 2000

Aquino v. Acosta, A.M. No. CTA-01-1, April 2, 2002, En Banc

Domingo v. Rayala, G.R. No. 155831, February 18, 2008

CSC v. Belagan, G. R. No. 132164, October 19, 2004, En Banc

ii) Gross and habitual neglect of duties
(a) Requisites
(b) Can gross negligence, although not habitual, still be a ground for
termination?

School of the Holy Spirit of Quezon City vs. Taguiam, G.R. No. 165565,
July 14, 2008

PAL vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 82471, February 18, 1991

Fuentes vs. NLRC, G.R. No. L-75955, October 28, 1988

(c) Excessive Absences

Procter and Gamble Philippines vs. Bondesto, G.R. No. 139847, March
5, 2004

Del Monte Phils., Inc., vs. Velasco, G.R. No. 153477, March 6, 2007

Worldwide Papermills vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 113081, May 12, 1995

Quiambao vs. manila Electric Company, G.R. No. 171023, December

18, 2009

Labudahon vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 112206, December 11, 1995

Brew Master Internacional vs. National Federation of Labor Unions, G.R.

No. 119243, April 17, 1997
(d) Abandonment of duties

Tan Brothers of Basilan City v. Escudero, G.R. No. 188711, July 3, 2013

Aliten vs. U-Need Lumber and Hardware, G.R. No. 168931, September
12, 2006

Hodieng Concrete Products vs. Emilia, G.R. No. 149180, G.R. No.
February 14, 2005
iii) Fraud or willful breach of trust (loss of trust and confidence)
(a) Requisites

Farrol vs. CA, G.R. No. 133259, February 10, 2000

P.J. Lhuillier Inc., vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 158758, April 29, 2005
(b) Position of trust and confidence

Philippine Pizza, Inc., vs. Bungabong, G. R. No. 154315, May 9, 2005

University of the Immaculate Conception v. Office of the Secretary of

Labor and Employment, et. al., G.R. No. 178085-178086, September
14, 2015
iv) Commission of a crime
v) Termination of employment pursuant to a union security clause

Inguillo vs. First Philippine Scales Inc., G.R. No. 165407, June 5, 2009

Tanduay Distillery Labor Union vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 75037, April 30, 1987
vi) Totality of infractions doctrine

Valiao vs. CA, G.R. No. 146621, July 30, 2004

Alvarez vs. Golden Tri Bloc, Inc., G.R. No. 202158, September 25, 2013
vii) Analogous causes

Yrasuegui vs. PAL, G.R. No. 168081, October 17, 2008

John Hancock Life Insurance Corporation vs. Davis, G.R. No. 169549,
September 3, 2009
2) Authorized causes
i) Installation of Labor-Saving Devices

Magnolia Dairy Products Corporation vs. NLRC, G.R. NO. 114952, January
29, 1996
ii) Redundancy
(a) Definition
(b) Requisites of a valid redundancy program

Asian Alcohol Corporation vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 131108, March 25, 1999

Wiltshire File Co., Inc., vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 82249 February 7, 1991

Smart Communications, Inc., vs. Astorga, G.R. No. January 28, 2008
iii) Retrenchment
(a) Definition
(b) Requisites

Flight Attendants and Stewards Association of the Philippines (FASAP)

vs. PAL, G.R. No. 178083, July 22, 2008
(c) Meaning of retrenchment to prevent losses

Revidad vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 111105, June 27, 1995

(d) Best evidence of losses

Saballa vs. NLRC, G.R. Nos. 102472-84, August 22, 1996

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(e) Redundancy vs. Retrenchment

Andrada vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 173231, December 28, 2007

iv) Closure or Cessation of Business Operations
(a) Concept

Eastridge Golf Club, Inc., vs. Eastridge Golf Club, Inc., Labor UnionSuper, G.R. No. 166760, August 22, 2008

Industrial Timber Corporation vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 107302 and 107306,
June 10, 1997
v) Disease or illness
(a) Requisites

Crayons Processing, Inc., vs. Pula, G.R. No. 167727, July 30, 2007
(b) Competent Public Health Authority

Cebu Royal Plant vs. Minister of Labor, G.R. No. L-58639, August 12,
1987
c) Procedural due process
1) Procedure to be observed in just causes termination
i) Twin-Notice Rule

Ruffy vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 84193, February 15, 1990

King of Kings Transport, Inc., vs. Mamac, G.R. No. 166208, June 29, 2007

IBM Philippines vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 117221, April 13, 1999
ii) Administrative Hearing

Asia Terminals, Inc., vs. Marbella, G.R. No. 149074, August 10, 2006

Shoppers Gain Supermart vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 110731, July 26, 1996

Caingat vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 154308, March 10, 2005

Wenphil Corporation vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 80587, February 8, 1989

Maneja vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 124013, June 5, 1998

Eastern Overseas Employment Center, Inc. vs. Nagkakaisang Empleyado ng

Wellcome-DFA, G.R. No. 149349, March 11, 2005
2) Development of Doctrines

Wenphil Corporation vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 80587 February 8, 1989, En Banc

Serrano vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 117040, May 4, 2000, En Banc

Agabon vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 158693, November 17, 2004, En Banc
3) Procedure to be observed in authorized causes termination
i) Notice to worker terminated
ii) Notice to the DOLE
d) Reliefs for illegal dismissal
1) Reinstatement aspect
i) Immediately executory
(a) Actual reinstatement
(b) Payroll reinstatement
ii) Reinstatement to previous position or substantially equivalent position

Asian Terminals, Inc., vs. Villanueva, G.R. No. 143219, November 28, 2006
2) Separation pay
i) Separation pay as financial assistance

PLDT vs. NLRC, G.R. No. L-80609, August 23, 1988, En Banc
ii) Separation pay in lieu of reinstatement Strained relation rule

Golden Ace Builders vs. Talde, G.R. No. 187200, May 5, 2010

Leopard Security and Investigation Agency vs. Quitoy, G.R. No. 186344,
February 20, 2013
3) Backwages
i) Backwages and Separation Pay, Distinguished

Golden Ace Builders vs. Talde, G.R. No. 187200, May 5, 2010
e) Constructive dismissal

Uniwide Sales Warehouse Club vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 154503, February 29, 2008

Globe Telecom vs. Florendo-Flores, G.R. No. 150092, September 27, 2002
f) Termination of employment by employee (Resignation)

Hechanova Bugay Vilchez Lawyers, et. al., v. Atty. Leny Matorre, G.R. No. 198261, October
16, 2013
g) Art. 286 When Employment Not Deemed Terminated
3. Retirement Pay Law
a) R.A. 7641
An Act Amending Article 287 of Presidential Decree No. 442, as Amended, Otherwise
Known as the Labor Code of the Philippines, By Providing for Retirement Pay to Qualified
Private Sector Employees IN THE ABSENCE OF ANY RETIREMENT PLAN in the Establishment
b) RA 4917
An Act Providing that Retirement Benefits of Employees of Private Firms Shall Not be
Subject to Attachment, Levy, Execution, or Any Tax Whatsoever
(Requires a REASONABLE PRIVATE BENEFIT PLAN)

Saint Louis University | School of Law

c) Coverage
d) Exclusions from coverage
e) Components of retirement pay
N. Quasi-Judicial Bodies
1. Procedures, pleadings, practice, burden of proof
2. Labor Arbiter
a) Jurisdiction
b) Effect of self-executing order of reinstatement on back wages
3. National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC)
a) Jurisdictions
b) Effect of NLRC reversal of labor arbiters order of reinstatement
c) Requirements to perfect appeal to court of appeals
4. DOLE
a) Money claims
5. DOLE secretary
a) Visitorial and enforcement powers
b) Power to suspend effects of termination
O. Prescription of Actions
1. Money claims
2. Illegal dismissal
3. Unfair labor practice

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