Primary Sources

A Poor Mother with Her Children, circa 1910: According to Recent Statistics, Most of the
Economic Progress Achieved by African Americans Has Now Been Lost. N.d. Digital
image. WorldMeets.us. Web. 2007.
<http://worldmeets.us/gazetawyborcza000040.shtml#axzz3yPO9eALi>
Du Bois worked hard to help the black population overcome the negative stereotypes
whites had on blacks. He informed the public that the injustice of whites was the sole
reason African Americans lived in poverty, not because they lacked the ability to prosper.
The image we used to support Du Bois idea was of a woman taking care of her children
under extreme poverty conditions.

As Scholar. N.d. Digital image. NAACP. National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People Web. 2016.
<http://www.naacp.org/pages/naacp-history-w.e.b.-dubois>
In our overview page of Du Bois life we found quotes of how he impacted the nation.
We also mention the final events of his life, briefly mentioning his time in Ghana.
This led to our search to find an image of Du Bois during his life in Ghana. The image
illustrates a profile of an elderly Du Bois wearing glasses.

Black Family Arrives in Chicago from the South, Ca. 1919 Image Ownership: Public Domain.
1919. Digital image. Blackpast.org. Blackpast.org. Web. 2016.
<http://www.blackpast.org/aah/great-migration-1915-1960>
The Great Migration was an event in history that would lead to the Harlem Renaissance.
As blacks moved North, they still faced the oppression and racism they experienced in

the South. We wanted to illustrate this in our Great Migration page. To do so, we found
an image of a poor black family that had recently moved to Chicago living under harsh
conditions, which shows that there wasnt immediate economic improvement after
moving.

Booker T. Washington on Race Relations. N.d. Digital image. History. History. Web. 2016.
<http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/booker-t-washington/speeches/booker-twashington-on-race-relations>
Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois both had philosophies that often contradicted
each other. For example, Washington believed African Americans should give up certain
political rights, but Du Bois believed that would further prolong the injustice inflicted by
whites. We wrote about Du Boiss criticism of Washington. Therefore, we browsed for an
image of Booker T. Washington alone and placed it in Du Bois encounter of Washington.

Detailed Charts Such as This Chart from Chapter 15 of "The Philadelphia Negro" Were Virtually
without Precedent in Sociological Studies of the Late 19th Century. N.d. Digital image.
Daily Kos. Kos Media, LLC. Web. 2016.
<http://www.dailykos.com/story/2015/10/6/1427621/-Black-Kos-Tuesday-s-Chile>
This image was used to support the findings of Du Bois during his social experiment in
Philadelphia. Du Bois found that one of the problems that urban blacks faced was having
to pay high rents for the poorest conditions. This image is a chart of the rents blacks had
to pay for their homes.

Du Bois Veil. N.d. Digital image. Writing Americans. Wordpress.com.. Web. 2016.

<https://writingamericans.wordpress.com/2013/10/03/du-bois-veil/>.
This image that we added illustrates Du Bois concept of the veil. It shows a man under a
white layer, which is the veil that covers the mans true identity, also explained by Du
Bois. He talks about this concept in The Souls of Black Folk. This veil limited
opportunities for blacks.

Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt. Marcus Garvey. W.E.B. Du Bois Writings. Ed.
Nathan Huggins. New York City: Literary Classics of the United States, 1986. (969-979).
Print.
This source was an original article in The Crisis, in the December 1920 and January 1921
edition, that was in a collection of Du Bois essays. The goal of this source was for Du
Bois to talk about Marcus Garvey and his Black Star Line company. Du Bois criticized
him and his Back To Africa movement. The source was objective and it is reliable
because it was an original article from The Crisis. This article gave us a better
understanding of what Du Bois thought of Marcus Garvey. It helped us write our page on
Du Bois encounter with him.

Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt. N.A.A.C.P. Always Fights Segregation says Dr. Du
Bois. Philadelphia Tribune 28 June 1924. Proquest Historical Newspapers Philadelphia
Tribune. Web. 19 Nov. 2015
<http://hn.bigchalk.com/hnweb/hn/do/document?
urn=urn:proquest:US;PQDOC;HNP;PQD;HNP;PROD;x-article-image;1208715442>

This source was an online newspaper article, originally from the Philadelphia Tribune
that we found on Proquest. The goal of this source was to inform the public during the

early Eighteenth century that the NAACP is against segregation. This source was to
mention some of the actions the NAACP took to fight discrimination as well. This source
gave us a better understanding of what the NAACP believed would be best to fight
segregation. This source is objective and reliable because it was an article that had Du
Bois actual response to the Philadelphia Tribune. This source was used in our exchange
topic on how the Du Bois and the NAACP exchanged ideas to help African Americans
with their struggles. After reading this article, we decided to do more research on
Proquest.

Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt. The Crisis. W.E.B. Du Bois Writings. Ed. Nathan
Huggins. New York City: Literary Classics of the United States, 1986. (1131). Print.
This source was in a collection of essays from Du Bois. The goal of this source was to
introduce The Crisis magazine. The source gave us an overview of the format of The
Crisis. It allowed us to add information about The Crisis in exchange. The source was
overall objective and reliable because it was written by Du Bois himself.

Du Bois, W. E.B. The Philadelphia Negro; a Social Study. New York: Schocken, 1967.
Print. Temple University Libraries, Special Collections Research Center, Philadelphia, PA.
The Philadelphia Negro was a social study done by Du Bois on the African Americans
living in the Seventh Ward of Philadelphia. Du Bois explores the lives of these blacks and
the racism that they face, directly tying in with my paper. Written by Du Bois, the source is
credible. We used this source to talk about his social experiment in Philadelphia.

Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt. The Souls of Black Folk. W.E.B. Du Bois Writings. Ed.
Nathan Huggins. New York City: Literary Classics of the United States, 1986. (364-401).
Print.
This source was a book we found from the Central Branch of the Free Library of
Philadelphia. The book was a collection of many of Du Bois well known writings. The
goal of this source is to republish Du Bois essays in order to become accessible to
todays readers. The section we focused on was The Souls of Black Folk. This essay
mentioned how Du Bois was aware of racism early in his life and his opposing thoughts
against Booker T. Washington. Du Bois also described the positive views of blacks. He
presented a few new concepts including veil and double consciousness. Overall, this
source is objective and reliable because these are the exact essays written by Du Bois.
This source was used in argument about Du Bois experience with racism and in our
argument on the exchange of ideas with Booker T. Washington, Du Bois positive views
of blacks, and his new concepts.

Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt. The Talented Tenth. W.E.B. Du Bois Writings. Ed.
Nathan Huggins. New York City: Literary Classics of the United States, 1986. (842-843).
Print.
This source was a book that was a collection of Du Bois essays that we found at the
Parkway Central Branch of the Free Library of Philadelphia. It is the same source that
contained The Souls of Black Folk. The goal of this source was to republish some of Du
Bois writings for modern readers. This source is overall objective and we know it is
reliable because the essays were actually written by Du Bois. This source gave us a better
understanding of Du Bois views on education. It also allowed us to write about Du Bois

idea of a leadership class, his idea of a Talented Tenth. This source was used in our
exploration topic for Du Bois view on education.

Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt. Welfare of the Negro Subject of Conference.

Philadelphia Tribune 26 Apr. 1913. Proquest Historical Newspapers Philadelphia
Tribune. Web. 25 Nov. 2015
<http://hn.bigchalk.com/hnweb/hn/do/document?

urn=urn:proquest:US;PQDOC;HNP;PQD;HNP;PROD;x-article-image;1207834092>

This source was an online newspaper article that was originally published in the
Philadelphia Tribune. We found this source on Proquest. The goal of this source was to
inform the public that the NAACP had meetings with officials in hope for reforms.
Overall this source is objective voicing the views of Du Bois. We know this source is
reliable because it is Du Bois own words. This source was used in our exchange topic on
how the NAACP helped African Americans deal with their struggles. We used it to
illustrate how the NAACP hoped reforms would be made if the government became
aware of the mistreatment of blacks.

Face Reality Female Laurie Cooper. N.d. Digital image. Findpik. Findpik. Web. 2016.
<http://findpik.com/img/8805571>.
We wrote about Du Bois new concepts for example, the veil. Du Bois explores this
concept in the black population. Du Bois thought that African Americans were under a
veil that prevented whites from seeing them as real men. He explains this in The Souls of
Black Folk, even mentioning some experiences when he was younger. To illustrate this,
we looked up an image of a female coated with a white layer, representing the veil.

Founders of the Niagara Movement, 1905 Silver Gelatin Print. 1905. Digital image. Wikipedia
The Free Encyclopedia. The Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Web. 2016.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niagara_Movement>.
W.E.B. Du Bois found the Niagara Movement in 1905. This movement opposed Booker
T. Washington, who believed in disenfranchisement. The first meeting took place in
Niagara Falls, hence the name. We found a picture online that would support our Niagara
Movement page. The picture displays a group of people, including Du Bois, at Niagara
Falls. We would use this image to illustrate the founders of the Niagara Movement.

German Troops March through Occupied Warsaw, Poland, after Invading the Nation on
September 1, 1939, and Igniting World War II. N.d. Digital image. CNN. CNN. Web.
2016. <http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/31/opinions/china-wwii-forgotten-ally-ranamitter/>.
World War II is yet another major event in history. Hitler and his Nazi Partys foreign
policies and Japans military invasions are some factors that led to this extensive war.
However, Du Bois was appalled by the war. He believed that the war was solely for
imperialistic efforts and he did not want to be associated with it. The image we used to
illustrate WWII in our social dynamics page was German soldiers marching.

Ingersoll, T.W. Sharecropping. Digital image. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia

Britannica, n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2016.
<http://www.britannica.com/topic/sharecropping>

During the Reconstruction period, many African Americans in the South were stuck as
sharecroppers, a system structured to ensure that they provided cheap agricultural labor
for the benefit of white landlords. We wanted to show how bad this system was. We
chose an image that illustrated a poor black family stuck in the sharecropping system.

Jaamil Kosoko and Holly Bass Perform in "Double Consciousness" at Dance Place on Aug. 4th
and 5th in Washington, DC. N.d. Digital image. Jaamil Olawale Kosoko. Jaamil Kosoko.
Web. 2016.
<http://philadiction.org/events/jaamil-kosoko-and-holly-bass-perform-doubleconsciousness-dance-place-aug-4th-and-5th>.
One of the very important concepts that Du Bois coined was called double consciousness.
We knew that Du Bois was aware that blacks did not have a sense of self-consciousness,
that they were perceived two different ways: one by the whites and one by their own
kind. To illustrate this concept, we found a picture of 2 Du Bois looking at each other.
This represents the two-ness of Du Bois, or double consciousness.

Lawrence, Jacob. The Great Migration Series. N.d. Digital image. Analepsis. Analepsis. Web.
2016.
<http://analepsis.org/2012/03/25/the-great-migration-series-by-jacob-lawrence-hum225/>
The Great Migration was a period of a large relocation of blacks from the South to the
North for social and economic improvement. We wrote about The Great Migration to
give background information of what happened before Du Bois worked as an activist. To
illustrate this we found a painting by Jacob Lawrence that clearly shows how hectic it
was in train stations heading to cities in the North.

LONG BEFORE DRAKE VS. MEEK MILL, THERE WAS BOOKER T. WASHINGTON VS.
W.E.B. DUBOIS. N.d. Digital image. Up From Slavery. Up From Slavery.. Web. 2016.
<http://upfromslavery.com/long-before-drake-vs-meek-mill-there-was-booker-twashington-vs-w-e-b-dubois/>.
Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois were two influential leaders of the black
population during the early eighteenth century. However, the two had opposing beliefs.
Du Bois considered Washington his rival. To show this in Du Bois encounter of
Washington we searched for an image that had the two of them sitting. Both of them
appear calm and collective.

Lynching. Digital image. Third Site History. Social Rollins Edu, n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2016.
<http://social.rollins.edu/wpsites/thirdsight/2014/12/05/racial-tensions-in-the-1890s/>
During the Reconstruction period, racism was high and whites often assaulted blacks by
lynching them. Lynching was a big part of the Reconstruction period and we wanted to
show how bad it was. We illustrated it by finding an image of a black man who was
accused of raping a white woman being lynched. His body was left hanging on the tree.
This represented the severe lynchings that happened during Reconstruction.

National Park Service. W.E.B. Du Bois. N.d. Digital image. Nps.gov. Nps. gov. Web.
2016.
<http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/civilrights/ma2.htm>
Throughout the career of William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, he explored how the black
population could advance in society and have success socially and economically. He

created new concepts in the process. We decided to find an image of an elderly Du Bois
with a serious expression to illustrate him in deep thought. This image was used in the
front of our explore page.

Opt out Now: The Seattle NAACP Revives the Legacy W.E.B Du Bois, Demands an End to
Common Core Testing. N.d. Digital image. I Am An Educator. Web. 2016.
<http://iamaneducator.com/2015/04/10/opt-out-now-the-seattle-naacp-revives-the-legacyw-e-b-du-bois-demands-an-end-to-common-core-testing/>
In Du Bois long life, he encountered many opposing intellectuals. We decided to use an
image of a portrait of Du Bois with his quote stating that the human soul cannot be
contained. This refers to Du Bois belief that blacks would be able to overcome the
oppression whites launched towards them.

Pan-Africanism. N.d. Digital image. NAACP. National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People Web. 2016.
<http://www.naacp.org/pages/naacp-history-w.e.b.-dubois>
As Du Bois got older, his work as an African American activist began to decline as well.
However, he had a vast repertoire of jobs ranging from teaching to writing. After writing
the overview of Du Bois life, we decided to search for an image of an older Du Bois. In
image it shows an elderly Du Bois looking out through a window.

Soldiers of the 369th (15th N.Y.) Who Won the Croix De Guerre for Gallantry in Action, 1919.
N.d. Digital image. Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.. Web.
2016.

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans>
World War I is in no doubt a major event in history. The assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand in Sarajevo on 28th June 1914 instigated the events that led to the war. The
powerful countries of the world allied against each other. In our website we briefly
mentioned the World War I in the social dynamics Du Bois was involved in. He
encouraged African Americans to enlist in the war. To illustrate this we searched for an
image of black soldiers.

Reconstruction, Americas Unfinished Revolution: A Five Session Course. N.d. Digital image.
New York Public Library. The New York Public Library. Web. 2016.
<http://www.nypl.org/events/programs/2016/01/16/reconstruction-america
%E2%80%99s-unfinished-revolution-five-session-course>
The Reconstruction period was right after the Civil War and tensions between white
Southerners and blacks were still high. The government had to help find a way to have
the South agree to rejoin the Union. We used this image of white Southerners, African
Americans and the Union general to show this.

Southern Blacks Who Migrated Northward to Escape Repression and to Find Jobs Settled in the
Big Cities. By the 1930s, New York City's Harlem Had Become the Nation's Largest
Black Community. N.d. Digital image. Britannica Kids. Encyclopdia Britannica, Inc..
Web. 2016. <http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/art-109679/Southern-blacks-whomigrated-northward-to-escape-repression-and-to>.
In our Harlem page in our website, we tried to depict what the streets of the city looked
like during the day to the best that we could. To do this we added many images of

different streets within Harlem and grouped it into a slideshow. Nevertheless, this
particular image shows that there were many street vendors during the day with
numerous amounts of people walking.

The Cotton Club | Harlem, New York. N.d. Digital image. Pinterest. Pinterest. Web. 2016.
<https://www.pinterest.com/pin/345369865149275159/>.
The streets of Harlem, New York were generally lively during the Harlem Renaissance. It
was a time of cultural rebirth for African Americans. Blacks combined both African and
American traditions to create new ideas. In our Harlem page we discuss how the city
came to be a cultural attraction. Therefore we needed an image to show how lively the
streets were. We decided to incorporate an image of The Cotton Club in our slideshow.

The Crisis. N.d. Digital image. History Matters: The U.S. Survey Course On The Web. American
Social History Productions, Inc.. Web. 2016. <http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6688/>.
The Crisis is a monthly magazine of the N.A.A.C.P. The magazine was edited by W.E.B.
Du Bois and exposed racism but also African American accomplishments. It published
works made by other blacks. The image we found is the front page of an issue of The
Crisis. This image was used to illustrate an example of The Crisis magazine.

The Crisis - NAACP 50 Years - Freedom Civil Rights Process. N.d. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag.
Digital image. The King Center. Web. 2016.
<http://www.thekingcenter.org/archive/document/crisis-naacp-50-years-freedom-civilrights-progress>

This image is a picture of one of the issues of The Crisis, the magazine of the N.A.A.C.P.
It looks like it has been 50 years since the N.A.A.C.P. has been found. We found this
picture to illustrate The Crisis on our page. The magazine, edited by Du Bois, reflects on
events happening to African Americans.

The Harlem Renaissance. N.d. Digital image. Emaze. Emaze Amazing Presentations. Web.
2016.
<https://www.emaze.com/@AIFWFIRQ/The-Harlem-Renaissance>
Harlem, New York was an immensely populated city during the early eighteenth century.
Many African Americans moved here in search of opportunities and a chance to be
involved in the cultural movement. To illustrate this scene, we found an image of the
streets of Harlem and in it, there are many cars and people.

THE LEGACY OF THE GREAT MIGRATIONS: SOME NEW LESSONS FROM ECONOMICS.
N.d. Digital image. A Blog Called Wonk. A Blog Called Wonk. Web. 2016.
<http://ablogcalledwonk.com/tag/the-great-migration/>.
The Great Migration was a period in history when African Americans from the rural,
agricultural South moved to the urban, industrial North. In the image, there is an African
American family heading North with all of their belongings on a car. We chose this image
to illustrate African Americans on the move North.

The Philadelphia Negro by W.E.B. Du Bois. N.d. Digital image. Cosimo. Cosimo. Web. 2016.
<http://www.cosimobooks.com/b1553_The-Philadelphia-Negro-Black-History-Books1602069425-9781602069428.htm?s=1>.

In Philadelphia, Du Bois explored many residents within the city by conducting a social
experiment on many African Americans daily lives. Going from house to house, he
conducted personal interviews in order to analyze the conditions of blacks in
Philadelphia. He recorded his data and findings in his book, The Philadelphia Negro. We
decided to find a picture of the cover of The Philadelphia Negro in order to illustrate our
social experiment page.

The Talented Tenth. N.d. Digital image. Tinypic. Tinypic. Web. 2016.
<http://tinypic.com/view.php?pic=talmyr&s=3#.VqfybFMrKS4>.
Du Bois thought that one tenth of the black population could lead the mass to create
growth in America. He called those people The Talented Tenth. He wrote an essay
describing his idea of these people. We looked for an image of The Talented Tenth. One
that we found was a few black intellectuals standing next to each other, which
represented The Talented Tenth.

The Talented Tenth (W.E.B. Du Bois). N.d. Solomon Kinard. Web. 2015.
<http://solomonkinard.com/?p=733>.
An term that Du Bois coined was The Talented Tenth, or the black population that would
guide the rest of the population with their leadership. They would fight racism to lead the
blacks towards equality. It was the Talented Tenth in the beginning that produced growth
in America. An image we found online was a picture of the essay The Talented Tenth.
We added this image to illustrate the essay that he wrote.

The Tree of Hope of the Harlem Renaissance. N.d. Digital image. The Tree of Hope of the
Harlem Renaissance. Wordpress.com. Web. 2016.
<https://ephemeralnewyork.wordpress.com/tag/harlem-renaissance/>.
Many African Americans moved to Harlem during the Great Migration. Harlem soon
became the center of African American culture. In our Harlem page we discuss how the
city came to be a cultural attraction. We wanted to show what the city life of
Harlem was like. In this image, there is a theater in the background with a busy line.

The Trial of Marcus Garvey. N.d. Digital image. Missouri History Museum. Web. 2016.
<http://mohistory.org/node/7147>
Marcus Garvey was a man that Du Bois had encountered in his life. Garvey had an idea
of The Black Star Line but Du Bois criticized it. Eventually, they became enemies. We
looked up pictures of Marcus Garvey in order to illustrate our topic on the page. The
picture of Garvey is him with a suit sitting.

{Volume 1, Issue 1 | November, 1910}. N.d. Digital image. The Liberator Magazine. lib.mg..
Web. 2016.
<http://weblog.liberatormagazine.com/2010/07/crisis-magazine-dubois-years.html>.
This image was placed in The Crisis page under exchange. The picture looks like one of
the very first pages of the issue. We wanted to find the first issue of The Crisis. This was
the official newspaper of the N.A.A.C.P. Du Bois was the editor of this magazine and he
recorded events that happened among African Americans in America.

{Volume 1, Issue 2 | December, 1910}. N.d. Digital image. The Liberator Magazine. lib.mg..

Web. 2016.
<http://weblog.liberatormagazine.com/2010/07/crisis-magazine-dubois-years.html>.
The Crisis was the newspaper of the N.A.A.C.P. and edited by W.E.B. Du Bois. It talked
about the problems of blacks but also published works and essays from other African
Americans. In order to illustrate Du Bois exchange in The Crisis, we looked up the
second issue of The Crisis and added it on our page. The image seems to be one of the
first pages of the magazine with a black lady holding a baby.

We Always Forget "The Rich Want War" N.d. Digital image. Hannah Michaels. Web. 2016.
<https://hannahmichaels.wordpress.com/2014/07/04/we-always-forget-the-rich-wantwar/>
We mentioned the Cold War in our social dynamics page of our website. This war
happened after the events of WWII, due to the battle for power between the Western Bloc
and Eastern Bloc. Nevertheless, Du Bois sympathized with Marxism since it promoted
racial equality. Throughout his career he fought to achieve equality between whites and
blacks. To illustrate the time period of the Cold War we searched for an image of people
protesting the war.

W. E. B. Du Bois. N.d. Digital image. THE SOULS OF BLACK FOLK | Essays and Sketches.
Web. Grinnell College. Grinnell College. 2005.
<http://web.grinnell.edu/cts/dubois/>
W.E.B. Du Bois authored many books, essays and articles. When he was little, he had to
grow up in an all white community. This led him to face racism and caused him to

become an activist for his race. We tried to find a nice picture of Du Bois. On the
overview page, we added the image of Du Bois before moving on to his general life.

W. E. B. Du Bois 18681963. N.d. Digital image. Poetry Foundation. Poetry Foundation. Web.
2015.
<http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/w-e-b-du-bois>
The core element of our website is how Du Bois confronted racism in America around
the early eighteenth century. However, the fight for civil rights for African Americans
was indeed extensive and painful. This image was placed in our home page. The purpose
of this image was to show what Du Bois looked like during the middle years of his life.

W.E.B. Du Bois, 1903 Portrait. N.d. Digital image. Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia.
Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.. Web. 2016.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niagara_Movement>
We write about Du Bois early career as a writer, mentioning the publication of The
Philadelphia Negro in the overview page of our website. Through the book, Du Bois
established himself as an excellent black scholar, having conducted a social experiment
in his time in Philadelphia. This sparked our search to find an image of a middle aged Du
Du Bois. The picture we found shows a portrait of Du Bois looking to his right.

W.E.B. Du Bois, 1907. N.d. Digital image. Special Collections & University Archives. Special
Collections & University Archives. Web. 2016.
<http://scua.library.umass.edu/ead/mums312.html>.

This image was used in the front page of our exchange page. It depicts Du Bois during
his middle years of life. In the image, Du Bois is sitting with a calm facial expression.
During this time of his life he exchanged many ideas with his colleagues and cofounders
of the NAACP. Furthermore he exchanged ideas with other editors and writers of the
Crisis.

W.E.B. Du Bois and Fellow Pan-Africanist Marcus Garvey Had Ideological Differences That
Focused on the Debate of Integration vs. Separation. However, They Both Cared about
Africa and Were Committed to the Cause of African Prosperity. N.d. Digital image.
Atlanta Blackstar. AtlantaBlackStar.com. Web. 26 Jan. 2016.
<http://atlantablackstar.com/2014/08/27/11-incredible-facts-w-e-b-dubois/3/>.
Throughout Du Bois life, he had many encounters with other intellectuals. Marcus
Garvey and W.E.B. Du Bois both opposed each other, both who had different ideas for
the black population. In order to express the opposition, we looked for a picture of both
Garvey and Du Bois. There is a line that separates the two portraits which represents the
opposition. We placed this in our Marcus Garvey page.

W.E.B. Du Bois Created This Map of Philadelphias Seventh Ward during His Research for The
Philadelphia Negro. N.d. Digital image. The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia. The
Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia. Web. 2013.
<http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/philadelphia-negro-the/>.
This image was used in our social experiments page under exploration. In the experiment,
Du Bois was asked by the University of Pennsylvania to conduct a survey among the
population within Philadelphia. He was to record things such as the racial diversity and

living conditions of the black population. The image is a map of Philadelphias Seventh
Ward that Du Bois created.

W. E. B. Du Bois in 1918. 1918. Digital image. Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc. Web. 2016.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois>
We wanted our homepage to have a variety of Du Bois pictures. We made sure to include
pictures of Du Bois that spanned throughout his life. This image was included in our
slideshow on the homepage to illustrate Du Bois perseverance to improve the the social
and economic status of African Americans.

W.E.B. Du Bois - Mini Biography. N.d. Digital image. Bio.. A&E Television Networks, LLC.
Say Entertainment. Web. 2016.
<http://www.biography.com/people/web-du-bois-9279924/videos/web-du-bois-minibiography-15383107870>
Du Bois was a famous writer who opposed racism and demanded for racial equality. He
had many followers but also a few opposers. We looked for a few images of Du Bois to
show how he looked like and how great of a man he was. This image was added onto our
slideshow of pictures of Du Bois.

WEB DuBois: Sociologist, Philosopher, Black Leader. N.d. Digital image. WEB DuBois:
Sociologist, Philosopher, Black Leader. Web. 2016.
<http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ug03/souls/DuBoisLife.html>

We dedicated a page in our website to mention a brief overview of Du Bois life. In that
page we describe his occupations, experiences, and impacts. We felt it was necessary to
find an image of a young Du Bois after placing an image of an older Du Bois. We
decided to insert an image of Du Bois when he was a young adult in a school uniform.

W.E.B. Du Bois - The Niagara Movement (TV-14; 3:44) W.E.B. Du Bois and Other Activists
Started the Niagara Movement to End Racial Segregation and to Lead the Charge
against Jim Crow Laws. N.d. Digital image. Bio.. A&E Television Networks, LLC. Say
Entertainment. Web. 2016. <http://www.biography.com/news/web-dubois-vs-booker-twashington>
Du Bois is remembered for his work as an African American activist. We wanted to show
his dedication in helping blacks throughout his life. To do so we placed an image of Du
Bois during the Niagara Movement. In the picture he is in deep thought which further
illustrates Du Bois was an analytical man who carefully contemplated his ideas.

Secondary Sources

4th of July Black and White Clipart. N.d. Digital image. Vintage Holiday Crafts. Web. 2008.
<http://vintageholidaycrafts.com/4th-of-july-free-clip-art/>.
A majority of our website focused on William Edward Burghardt Du Bois perspective
on racism and his ideas on how to improve the lives of African Americans. Therefore, we
wanted to symbolize this goal on our home page. To do this we searched for an American

flag that was black and white. We searched for one that looked the most realistic and
placed it besides our thesis on the homepage.

"Du Bois." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 15 Jan. 2016.
This source included a short and reliable video about the life of W.E.B. Du Bois that
acted as a nice overview of his life for the page on Du Bois' life.

Esther, Bubely. A Sign at the Greyhound Bus Station. Digital image. Loc.gov. Library of
Congress, Sept.-Oct. 1943. Web. 15 Jan. 2016. <http://loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3b22541/>.
This image was used for the before Du Bois page, to show an example of how Jim Crow
distinguished between colored and non-colored people, separating them in all kinds of
facilities, even busses.

Hill, Laban Carrick. Harlem Stomp!: A Cultural History of the Harlem Renaissance. New York:
Little, Brown, 2003. Print.
Harlem Stomp! talks about the events that lead up to the Harlem Renaissance. We used
this source for our historical context. We learned about the Great Migration and how
Harlem became the center of African American culture. We used this information in
the Before Du Bois section of our website.

"Jim Crow Laws." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 15 Jan. 2016.

<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/freedomriders/issues/jim-crow-laws>.
This reliable website provided insight into Jim Crow, and how African Americans felt
about it. We used this source for our "Before Du Bois" page.

Marable, Manning, and Leith Mullings. Let Nobody Turn Us Around: Voices of Resistance,
Reform, and Renewal: An African American Anthology. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield,
2009. Print.
We used this book to help us learn about what happened before the Harlem Renaissance.
We learned about the Reconstruction period after the civil war and how blacks in the
South were stuck in the sharecropping system. We also learned about the Great Migration
and the movement to Harlem. We used this information for the historical context and the
Before Du Bois section of our website.

"NAACP: 100 Years of History." NAACP. National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People, n.d. Web. 2016. <http://www.naacp.org/pages/naacp-history>.
This website is from the N.A.A.C.P., an organization in which Du Bois was originally in.
Therefore, the website is reliable. The site gives us a history about its creation and the
founding group of the organization. It also gives an overview on The Crisis. We used this
website to talk more about the N.A.A.C.P.

"NAACP History: W.E.B. Dubois." NAACP. National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People, n.d. Web. 2016.
<http://www.naacp.org/pages/naacp-history-w.e.b.-dubois>.
This website is also from the N.A.A.C.P. It gives a biography of W.E.B. Du Bois, as he
was a founder of the organization. He also edited The Crisis. From this source, we
learned more about Du Bois life. We also learned about his childhood. Again, this source

is reliable because it is part of the N.A.A.C.P. We used this source to add on to W.E.B. Du
Bois life.

NAACP: National Association for the Abortion of Colored People. N.d. Digital image.
LifeNews.com. LifeNews.com. Web. 2016.
<http://www.lifenews.com/2013/01/16/naacp-national-association-for-the-abortion-ofcolored-peopl/>
The N.A.A.C.P., National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, was
founded by W.E.B. Du Bois along with other members. This organization was created to
fight against lynching but also to ensure equality for blacks. We wanted to illustrate the
N.A.A.C.P. so we found their logo. This image displays a balance and a book and the
year, 1909, that the organization was found.

"People & Events: W.E.B. Du Bois, 1868-1963." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2016.
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/garvey/peopleevents/p_dubois.html>.
The website from PBS described Du Bois life as well as encounters with Booker T.
Washington and Marcus Garvey. It explained the antagonism between Du Bois and
Garvey, and also quoted what they said to each other. The source helped add on to
Marcus Garvey in encounter. This source is reliable because it is part of a government
organization.

Rampersad, Arnold. The Art and Imagination of W.E.B. Du Bois. United States of America:
Harvard, 1976. Print.

Arnold Rampersad writes about the struggles Dubois went through in his life and his
challenges to publish The Crisis. The goal of this source is to explain how The Crisis got
started. In addition, this source also explains why The Crisis was so successful. This
source explains the themes of The Crisis. This source is objective and reliable because it
was written by a researcher who explored Dubois life. This source helped us understand
exactly how popular the Crisis was and gave us a further understanding of all the contents
in The Crisis. This source was used in our exchange page to mention how popular The
Crisis was. This source was found at Blockson.

School Pages. N.d. Digital image. Manchester K-8 Resources Page. Web. 2016.
<http://publicschools.manchesterct.gov/page.cfm?p=1220>
Du Bois believed that schools must be integrated in order to stop racism. His philosophy
was that by integrating schools, kids will understand that it is impossible to judge
someone solely from the color of their skin. This image was placed in our legislation
page to represent an integrated school.

The Black Box: Voting in America. N.d. Digital image. Huff Post Voter ID. Web. 2016.
<http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/voter-id/>
This image was used to represent how voting could improve the lives of African
Americans. Du Bois believed that by voting for reforms blacks will finally be able to
break free from the racism and oppression they faced each day. This image was placed in
legislation page in our website and it shows a black ballot.

Wormser, Richard. "W.E.B. Du Bois." PBS. n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2015.

<http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_people_dubois.html>.
Wormser talks about Du Bois and his history. The article includes some books and essays
Du Bois wrote. Mainly, he was one of the founders of the NAACP and The Crisis. He
encountered a few other intellectuals such as Booker T. Washington, who had other views
on African Americans. Not only was he a writer but was also a teacher at Atlanta
University. The website gave basic background information about Du Bois. This website
is reliable, again, because PBS is a well known T.V. company and part of a government
organization. After reading this source, we had an understanding on important actions
that Du Bois took.