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1(a)SenseofPast:
MemoryTransTemporalWearecontinuouslyengrossedinourmemories.Wereacttakinginto
considerationwhathappenedinourpast.Therefore,wetrytorelatethepresentscenariotowhat
happenedinthepastandactaccordingly.
ExperiencesWeshareourexperienceswithothers.
CausationCertainactionsaretranstemporallycaused.Oneactionleadstoanother.Foreg.whenwe
accidentallydosomethingwrong,whenweagaincomeupwiththesamesituation,wewilltryandmake
surethatwedonotrepeatthewrongdoing.

1(b)Realityconsistsofobjectsfrompast,presentandthefuture.Imaginationinvolvesremovalfrom
realityandfundamentallyimaginationcanbeseenastheprocessofinterventionintoparaloka.
Embodiedbeingsactandtheseactshavesomeconsequences,parlokaispopulatedbythe
consequencesofsuchactsandtheirvisualisation.Sowhenapersondoessomesortofimagination,
heisbasicallyinterveningintoparlokaandputtingforwardthethingsexistinginparlokainhispieceof
art.Alsobecauseasweknowrealityisnotveryobjectiveinnature.Whatrealitymeanstome,maynot
bewhatitmeanstoyoubecauseyourversionofrealitymayconsistsofmorethings.Sobefore
imagining,fortheartistitself,hisversionofrealitydoesnotconsistofwhatheisgoingtocomeupafter
heintervenesintoparlokaandmakeshisart.Butthisisapartofreality,itmightbeunknowntotheartist
beforethecreationandeventothespectator.Soitissaidimaginationleadstodisclosureofreality,that
issomethingwhichwassecretbeforeisnowknownthroughdisclosureofimagination.
Alsoimaginationalsohasthepowertoconfigurethenotionofrealityonehas.
Alsoimaginationleadstorecreation.AndRecreationisfunctionallyneutral.Alsoitistranstemporal,and
objectsofpast,futurethatareremovedfrompresentcanberecreated.Becauseofthefunctional
neutrality,itihasaisalsofundamentallyopentoimagination.

1(c)AlthoughSocialObjectsexistintheprivacyofthemind,theirimpressionsarereflectedinthe
personsactions.Theseactionsinturnhaveaneffectonthesociety.AsCooleysaidthateverybodyis
reflectingoneanother,wehavetheideaofSymbolicInteractionismcomingintoplayandbringingwithit
AgentsthatdecidethestructureofthesocietyandinturnasocietythataffectsAgents.Soeffectively,
SocialObjectsprojectionsinthespatiotemporaldomain(whichareactions)possessimpersonal
hardnessandobjectivityandaffecttheSociety

1(d)Evenifapunishmentdoesnotleadtoatonement,inthesocialsetting,itsignifiessymbolic
repentanceoftheacquittedandsendsamessagetothegeneralpublicthatthewrongdoerishavinghis
dilationofbreakevenashespendshisdaysinJail.TheIndebtmentstructureofSocietyimpresses
uponthepeopleasenselikeThisCriminalOwesusanapology/explanation.Andheneedstogoaway
andrepentforwhathesdonethekindofdisharmonyhehasintroducedintothepeacefulstructureof
usSincethesocietyitselfisasocialentitywhichwascreatedbyconsiderableeffortineverybodys
mindswithacollectiveaimofhavingasenseofbelonging,anydisruptioninthesocietalstructureby
anycriminalwouldbetakenasapersonalinjury,thesaidcriminalcouldhavecaused.Hencetheideaof
punishingcriminalsisprevalentasthesolutiontothisdebtsbreakeven

AlsoasIndividualwhileperformingActionssurrendertheirJuralAutonomythereisarealmof
suspensionofJusticesoforproperjusticethereissurrenderofautonomytosomeotherbeingwhichis
whatwecalllegislativeauthority,ThoseLegislativeAuthorityintermsgivepunishmenttakingthefacts
andnormsfromtranstemporalbubblewhichareaccessibletoeveryoneandindeedareaffectedbythe
wrongdoeralso.SothisdepictsthattheJuralOmniscienceofwrongdoeritselfisgivingpunishment
althoughitmenotleadtoatonementastheremaystillbecognitivefailureofrealisingdeedswhathe
mayhavedonewrong.

2(a)SecondaryQualities:
Doesntbelongtoeveryportionoftheobject.
Sensorypowersofobjects.
Nonuniform.
Symbiotic.
theyarenotmeasurable.
sensedbyonlyonesenseorgan.
nonverifiable.
accessedprivately.
Analyticaspectofextractingempirical,verifiabledatafromexpirientialdata
Dependentonknowerandhowheperceivesthequality.

eg.color,taste,smell,sound,touchetc.

2(b)Abduction
Disacollectionofdata(facts,observations,givens).
HexplainsD(would,iftrue,explainD).
NootherhypothesiscanexplainDaswellasHdoes.
___________________________________________
Therefore,Hislikelytobetrue.
Abductionisthemethodbywhichhypothesesarecreatedordiscoveredandinductionand
deductionarethemethodsbywhichtheyareverified.Abductivereasoning,issimplybutthespottingof
patternsandrelationshipsinsetsofdata.Patternrecognitionasaprocessexistswithinthecontextof
anyformofenquiryevenwithoutspecificallymentioningthenotionofpatterns.Seeingpatternsor
abductivereasoningisnecessarypartofthescientificorcriticalprocessandisusedacrossall
disciplines.Liketheoneusedinprovingthatallbodiesfallwithanequalrateofdescent,daltons
abductionthattherewerechemicalatomsbeforethediscoveryofmicroscope..CharlesS.Pierceonce
saidthatEveryplankofsciencesadvanceislaidbyAbductionalone.

Ifnatureisuniform,inductionwillwork[AbductiveexplanationofInduction]
Abductionalsoleadstoamplificationofknowledge
Mindisabigabductivemachine,i.e.itkeepsobserving,theorizingbasedonitsobservationsand
keepslookingforanomalieswhichleadhimtoimprovehistheoriesandunderstandingoftheworld.

2(c)JuralOmniscience
Thereare2principles.Theyare:


1.MetaJuralPrinciple(Consistencyprinciple)Thereisnodisputewhichinprinciplecannotbe
resolved
2.TransParencyPrinciple(Completenessprinciple)alldeedsareknowable

These 2 principles:MetaJural and TransParency Principles found Jural Omniscience without which
Justice cannot have foundation. Now these principles are present in the bubble. Supervening these
formal principles bestows jural omniscience to each embodied self or individual fornobodycanforce
down what is just or unjust to jurally autonomous individual with independent access to the formal
principles.

2(d)DenudedBeings
Every embodied being creates a persona of himself in Eternal yesterday inanefforttosecureacareer
in paraloka where it does not have any material body, wherethere exists onlyhis thoughts and ideas.
Recreation can be seen as a means for prospecting future where one intervenes in paraloka and
reconfigurethesedenudedbeings.

2(e)TwiceBorn
Every individual inhis life is twiceborn, once with motor organs and body, the timewhenthepersonis
alive which is theembodiedrealm.Theotherisafterhisdeath,whenheisidentifiedbythedeedshedid
in his life, which differentiates him from other people, the tracetropes he left. His image as a social
beingiswhatidentifieshimselfinthedisembodiedrealm.

2(f)TraceTropesOfDeeds
Tracetropes are the traces a person leaves behind for the world when he reaches the disembodied
realm. His actions and deeds are the traces which he is identified by, and also the transtemporal
consequences of his deeds. Tracetropes grow stronger over time, and eventually using these
tracetropes, new deedsare constructed. This process happens in meretemporalrealm (mind). They
bridgethegapbetweenconsequencesofdeedsandsocialentities.

2(g)TypesOfExtension:
Extensioncanbasicallymeantherealmofaparticularentity.
Mainly3typesofextensionsarethereinnature
SpatioTemporalExtension:Existingacrossspacelikebody/matter.
TransTemporalExtension:Thingsthatexistacrosstimelikememories.
MereTemporalExtension:Extensionthatislimitedtopresentthought,likeexperience(present)

Apartfromaboveextensionswedohave
Indefiniteextensions
Entities/thingswhoseextensionareacannotbedeterminedwithcertaintylikeMIND
Definiteextensions
Limitedspanlikeasolidobjectinspacetime.

2(h)WindowlessMonad
*Discreterealityismonad.Monadsarewindowlessanddontleak.

* Our minds are like monads.Reality is reflectedfrommonadsbutnothingleaksfromthem.Everything

isamonadevenGOD.
*Eachmonadreflectseveryothermonadexceptitself
*Allobjectivityispresentinsidethemonadandthesubjectivepartisthemonaditself.
*Nomonadsmove,itsonlytheinteriorsofthemonadthatmoveandchange.
* Society is an elaborate structure in the mind made up of the image wehaveoftheothersinourmind
and our imagewe have in the image of others. All our actions areintendedtoimproveourimage inthe
mindsofothers.
* There are two labyrinths in which the human mind is caught. One concerns thecomposition of the
contiguum the other the nature of freedom. And both arise from the same source, namely, theinfinite.
ThusInfinitewithinInfiniteiscontainedineachMonad.
* Each Monad has configurations of points relating other monads. Point is Vacuous(empty, mindless)
and source of Freedom. Only Monads are real. Point is an Ontological Form that stitches Image of
MonadswithinaMonad.

2(i)Transtemporalforces
These are forces whichoccuracrossalltime.Theyarealwaysthere,neveroverandneverforgottenas
they lie in eternal yesterday eg. memory, consequences of deeds. They can be accessed at any time
andbyanyone.

2(j)NonGeometricPoint
Thisistheideaofpunctuation.Itisabreakandpauseinsoundwhichisusedtotellthingsapart. These
help us understand what a collection of sounds mean. As all sounds dont go together, there must be
some kind of stop so as to help us distinguish words, sentences and further structures of text and
speech.Speechiscontiguous.

2(k)Manas
Functional unit of human individual. include Mere non temporal, instincts due to endowment asyouare
bornwithit.Thewayyouperceivethings.Thisisourconscience.

2(l)Contiguum
According to the idea of contiguum two entities have a distinct boundary between them which
distinguishes them fromeachotherandthisboundaryis calledapoint.SobetweenanytwoDISCRETE
entities existingincontiguitythereexistsapoint.Thisisunlikecontinuumwheretheentitiesflowintoone
another Between ANY two things, theresanother thing(notapointtheresnodistinctionbetweenthe
entitiesofacontinuumtheentitiesflowintooneanothernoclearsimplestunit).
Incontinuum,pointsmakepartsoflines,butincontiguum,pointsarenotnotparts,butlimits.
Contiguumexamples

1. Thoughts come one after the other and they do not overlap. They are kind of distinguished
fromeachotherandhaveaboundarybetweenthem.
2.ConceptofNeighbourhood
3.PropertyofAdditivity
ContinuumExamples

1.Euclideanlinewherebetweeneachpointofalinethereexistaninfinitenumberofpoints.

2.PropertyofDivisibility

2(m)Bubble
Bubble is a memory ofactions. Consequencesofactionsgoesintothebubbleandintentionsofactions
come out of it. Consequences of humanactionsdwellin thebubble.Thereisnopassageof timein that
bubble. Social objectsare all recollected from this bubble. Personas and relations also exist inside the
bubble.Theedgesofthisbubblearecausallyactive.Ithaspredecessorsuccessorcontiguity.

3(a)
CausalClosureofMatterIfoneislookingforcausalancestryofmaterialphenomenaoneneed
nevergooutsidethedomainofmatter.CausalClosureofMatterisruptured.
Ithasbeenfoundthatmeretemporalsectionsofspatiotemporalextensioni.e.SENSATEMATTER
alsocancauseaction.

CausalClosureofExperienceIfoneislookingforcausalancestryofExperientialphenomenaone
neednevergooutsidethedomainofExperienceandMatter.
CausalClosureofExperienceandMatterisruptured.
Ithasbeenfoundthattranstemporalsectionsofmeretemporalextensioni.e.DEEDalsocause
action.

CausalClosureofPurposiveActionIfoneislookingforcausalancestryofphenomenaofHuman
ActiononeneednevergooutsidethedomainofPurposiveAction.
CausalClosureofDeedDiscordantsectionsofTranstemporalextensionisruptured.
IthasbeenfoundthatCONSEQUENCESOFDEEDSalsocauseaction.

So,Action>SensateAction>Deeds>Consequences
Thisishowformalclosureofactionisachievedformally.

Diagrams(fromslide)

3(b)

The5stageStructureofNarrativeisdefinedas:(SeedSproutingNutritionMaturing
Fruition)
a.TheImpregnatedSeed
b.DifficultiesinSprouting
c.ChallengesinNutrition
d.SurprisesinMaturing
e.TimelyFruition

Theformalandalgorithmicfeaturesofsuchanarrativestructureare:(RUNC)
a.ClosureAlltheelements/actsinthenarrativeshouldbeaccountedfornolooseends
b.RecursivityRepeatingstuffinanarrativetoreinforcesynapses(recallingdetailsfromthe
pastinthenarrativeauthorsdothistokeepthereaderinterestedandalsotomakethenarrativeseem
moreintricatelydesignednoparthadbeeninvainorjustasapageoccupier)
c.UniversalityRelevantAlways
d.NecessityTheremustbeTranstemporalInvariance

PointsofNarrativeContentisalwaysincontinuitywiththerestoftheevents
Storyisconsistentifeveryentityisknittedtoeveryotherentity
StoryisastringofPoints

Factisontologicallytrueverifiablethroughformalevaluation
Pointsincludefactsaswellasaontologicaltruthsaboutimagination

Pointsinastory
a.Theme
b.Characters
i.Active
ii.Passive
c.Relations
d.Phenomena
e.Things
f.Locations

3(c)ProceduralUnityOfIndividual:
It is a very correct statementin today's world that man is made upofentirelydifferententities,Wenow
know that a manis made upof parts that do not lie inasingleextensioneven,asforexampleourMind
has mere temporality with memories in it that has transtemporal extension. Our mind too has an
indefinite extension but play a causally active role via its definite terminus, our body lies in spatio
temporaldomain.

Butalltheseuniteinthemselvesandleadtothebirthofwhatweknowasanactionhencetheaction
thatweknowasofnowisactuallyaunifiedaction.Thestepbystepdevelopmentofaunifiedactioncan
beseenas:

1:(Formal)Knowability:
Here,Knowabilitymeansourabilitytoknowsomething.Howelsearewegonnadoactionifwedonot
knowwhatisgoingaroundus??
Ithasallthreetypesofextension(Spatiotemporal,meretemporal,transtemporal)itmeansthatthe
processofknowingsomethingforanindividualisdependingnotonlyonpresentspaceandtimebutwe
needtogooutsidethisdimensiontoknowsomething.ItislikeaprocessofIntrospection.

2:(Functional)Manas:
Manas means MIND, afterwe know whateverthings are goingoninourworldviaabovestepouraction
will depend onthose things that will reside in ourmind.Ourmind isanabductivemachineafterknowing
all the thingsthatitcananditwilldeveloptheorieson its ownandwillfilteroutunnecessarythingsor the
knowledgethatseemstobeanomalous,itisalsolinkedtoallthethreeextensions.

3:(Experiential)Self:
Now we come out of the spatiotemporal realm and are thinking what is self ... what knowledge at this
time is relatedto me, my experience.Wealsothinkabouttheconsequencesthatouractionsmightlead
to. Basically we think in respectto ourselves and filter out those actions that arecausallyclosedunder
thefactthattheywillnothaveanypainfulconsequences.Hasmereandtranstemporalextensions.

4:(Material)BodyMatter:
Themostandthefinalpartofourabovethinking.Weareinspatiotemporalrealmonlyfornowwe
willactviathedefiniteterminusofourminditsliketheintersectionoftworealmswherethecommandis
beinggiven.
Andyesfinallyaftergoingthroughaboverigorousprocesswehavewhatwecancallastheunified
actionwhichwillhaveconsequenceseveninthetransspatiotemporalrealm.
Imagegivenbelow.

3(d)
Everybody cantbe aleader. The concept of leadershipmust havestemmed from the point of conflict.
Conflict resolutionisamessyprocessandiftoomanypeopleargueatthesametime,wesurewillhave
a bigger conflict than a solution. Usually, a man of higher wisdom/thinkingfaculties is chosen as a
leader to resolvethese conflicts.As the structureofsociety matured thisleaderwasgivenaRoleinthe
society. Collectivizing Roles with a fixed goal, the society made itself an entity which was Institutions
Following are anabstractideaoftheseInstitutionsconcentratedonsolvingdifferentmattersaSocietyis
supposedtowieldSovereigntyin:
1.Politicalauthority(Power)
giveexamplesofhowpoliticianshelpsus
2.Financeauthority(Wealth)
giveexamplesofhowtheeconomyandthestructureofmoneyhelpsus
3.Culture/educationauthority
giveexamplesofhowtheeducationsystemhelpsus
4.Religionauthority
givesexamplesofhowfaithhelpsus

SuspendedautonomyindeedfliesandcomestorestinsomeorotherIndividual
Amassingofsurrenderedautonomyleadstoobjectivisationofpowercenterandtower
Somebodyelseexercisesjuralactivityonyourbehalf