ABSTRACT

In this era, where the rate of diesel consumption is sky rocketing, considering the

amount of revenue required to import these fuels and the impact of these fuels are having

a serious problem on the environmental pollution and also looking at the prospect of

achieving energy independency, it is necessary to look for fuels which satisfy the above

requirements. Taking these considerations into view a small attempt has been made to

study various fuel sources which are renewable, environment friendly, bio-degradable.

Taking our climatic considerations into view Jatropha oil based bio-diesel is an apt

substitute as an alternative fuel.

Jatropha oil has very high viscosity, the effects of its direct usage in a CI engine is

discussed in this project. Also trans-esterification is employed to reduce the viscosity

resulting in a product called “fatty acid methyl ester” also termed as “bio-diesel” in the

chemical process; it has similar characteristics to that of a diesel fuel. This esterified oil is

blended with conventional diesel fuel and used in its pure form is tested in a CI engine at

different speeds and loads, thus studying its performance characteristics. It is derived

from results that the bio-diesel in its pure from and the blends has found to have the

similar characteristics as that of conventional diesel fuel. Thus bio-diesel can be

considered as suitable substitute for diesel.

 NOMENCLATURE

BP Brake power (kW)

BTH% Brake thermal efficiency

B5 Bio-diesel blend consisting of 5% bio-diesel and 95% diesel

B10 10% bio-diesel + 90% diesel

B20 20% bio-diesel + 80% diesel

B30 30% bio-diesel + 70% diesel

B100 100% bio-diesel

CV Calorific value (kj/kg)

Cst Centi stoke

Cp Centi poise

D Density (kg/m3)

IP Indicated power

IPA Isopropyl Alcohol

J5 5% Jatropha oil + 95% diesel

J10 10% Jatropha oil + 90% diesel

MECH% Mechanical efficiency

SFC Specific fuel consumption (kg/kw-hr)

TFC Total fuel consumption (kg/hr)

 LIST OF TABLES

2.1 Analysis of Jatropha curcas seed.

2.2 Chemical analysis of Jatropha curcas oil
2.3 Comparison of fuel properties of Jatropha oil and diesel
4.1 Diesel constant speed N= 1600 rpm
4.2 Diesel constant speed N=1500 rpm
4.3 Diesel constant speed N=1400 rpm
4.4 B5 constant speed N=1600 rpm
4.5 B5 constant speed N=1500 rpm
4.6 B5 constant speed N=1400 rpm
4.7 B10 constant speed N=1600 rpm
4.8 B10 constant speed N=1500 rpm
4.9 B10 constant speed N=1400 rpm
4.10 B20 constant speed N=1600 rpm
4.11 B20 constant speed N=1500 rpm
4.12 B20 constant speed N=1400 rpm
4.13 B100 constant speed N=1600 rpm
4.14 B100 constant speed N=1500 rpm
4.15 B100 constant speed N=1400 rpm
4.16 J5 constant speed N=1600 rpm
4.17 J5 constant speed N=1500 rpm
4.18 J5 constant speed N=1400 rpm
4.19 J10 constant speed N=1600 rpm
4.20 J10 constant speed N=1500 rpm
4.21 J10 constant speed N=1400
 LIST OF FIGURES

2.1 Leaves of Jatropha curcas plant.

2.2 Dried seeds of Jatropha curcas.
2.3 Jatropha Plantations by tree oils India Ltd.
2.4 Jatropha oil
3.1 Analytical balance.
3.2 Measuring weights
3.3 0.1% of NAOH Solution being poured.
3.4 Add 10 ml of IPA to the beaker
3.5 Now add 1 ml dewatered oil to this solution
3.6 Add thus drops of phenol med (or) Phenolphthalein solution.
3.7 Swirl it will be some sort of yellow color.
3.8 Next, lye/water drop by drop and keep swirling.
3.9 The change of solution color to pink.
3.10 Colorless solution turns pink, NAOH Consumed is determined.
3.11 Exact amount of NAOH in measuring Jar.
3.12 250ml of Methanol is added.
3.13 Sodium methoxide formation.
3.14 Pre-heating Jatropha oil.
3.15 Jatropha oil + Sodium methoxide
3.16 Color changes which occur while mixing and settling.
3.17 Bio-diesel and glycerin forming two separate layers.
3.18 Bio-diesel on top being powered into a jar.
3.19 Glycerin being collected in a separate jar.
3.20 Washing of bio diesel with distilled water.
3.21 Pure form of bio diesel colleted on the top.
4.1 Diesel S.F.C. Vs BP
4.2 B5 S.F.C. VS BP
4.3 B10 SFC VS BP
4.4 B20 SFC VS BP
4.5 B100 SFC VS BP
4.6 J5 SFC VS BP
4.7 J10 SFC VS BP
4.8 DIESEL BTH% VS BP
4.9 B5 BTH% VS BP
4.10 B10 BTH% VS BP
4.11 B20 BTH% VS BP
4.12 B100 BTH% VS BP
4.13 J5 BTH& VS BP
4.14 J10 BTH VS BP
4.15 DIESEL MECH% VS BP
4.16 B5 MECH% VS BP
4.17 B10 MECH% VS BP
4.18 B20 MECH% VS BP
4.19 B100 MECH% VS BP
4.20 J5 MECH% VS BP
4.21 J10 MECH% VS BP
6.1 SFC AT 1500 RPM
6.2 BTH% AT 1500 RPM
6.3 MECH% AT 1500 RPM