Design of concrete structures based on ACI 318

Lecture note No6

Presented by Dr Nguyen Dai Minh PhD PEng

IBST, Hanoi, Dec 2011

Lecture note 6
Short columns under compression and
biaxial bending and analysis and design of
slender columns
(based on ACI 318)

Contents of the lecture

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Short columns under biaxial bending

Load contour method
Reciprocal load method
Slender columns introduction
Concentrically loaded columns
Compression and bending
ACI criteria for neglect of slenderness
ACI criteria for non-sway versus sway frames
ACI moment magnifier method for non-sway frames
ACI moment magnifier method for sway frames
Second-order analysis for slenderness effects
Summary

1. Short columns under biaxial bending

Fig 8.15 shows the column under biaxial bending. It is called

column as the compression load is dominated.

Failure surface: Failure curve for each angle can construct

the strength interaction curve P-M as shown in Fig 8.15d. The
series of these curves shall be the failure surface. If the point
of (Pu, Mux, Muy) outside of this failure surface the column will
fail.
Constructing of the failure surface is an extension of
uniaxial bending of the column. In Fig 8.15c, for a given angle
, the strength interaction curve of compression and uniaxial
bending can be built using for various value of c, the strain
compatibility and equilibrium equations can be established,
then ultimate capacities of the column (Pn and Mn) can be
determined for the given angle . Hence, the failure surface
can be constructed.

For design practice, more simple methods are used in the

analysis for columns under biaxial bending.
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2. Load contour method

The load contour method is based on the representing the failure
surface by a family of curves corresponding to constant values of Pn.

Fig 1: Load
contour, plane of
constant Pn.

 General form of these curves can be approximated by a

nondimensional interaction equation:
1

M
M nx

ny
M
M nx 0
ny 0

(8.18)

ACI recommends value of is between 1.15 and 1.55 ( 1.19).

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Design procedure:
For given Pu, Mux, Muy , b, h, fc and Ast to check the column will be
failed or not ?
- Let Pn = Pu => determine Mnx0 and Mny0 based on the uniaxial
bending strength curve.
- Choose value of between 1.15 and 1.55 ( 1.19).
- Check equation (8.19) to be satisfied or not?

M nx M ny
1

M
nx 0
ny 0

(8.18)

This method is of course an approximate method and trial

design needs to be carried out.
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BS 8110 for biaxial bending of columns

Fig 7.3-5a, Kong and

Evans (1995)
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Kong and Evans (1995)

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(fig 7.3-5 (c))

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(a)

(b)

Where: corresponding to N to find Mux and Muy as

for unaxial bending of column

(c)
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N => Mux
N => Muy

End of BS 8110
N= 0.8*Nuz

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3. Reciprocal load method (phng php ti trng nghch o)

Point C: P0, ex=ey=0

Point A: Pny0, ex, ey=0,

Point B: Pnx0, ex=0, ey
Point N: Pn,exact, ex, ey
Point M: Pn,approx, ex, ey
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4. Slender columns - introduction

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5. Concentrically loaded columns

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Bracing by shear walls, cores etc.

to prevent the lateral displacement

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6. Compression plus bending

a) Simply supported
case

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Eq. (9.4) can be written in other form (Johnson 1976):

Where = -0.2 to +0.2 (for most practical cases) is a coefficient

depending on type of loading. Pc is the critical load.
As P << Pc and abs()<0.2, equation (9.5) can be approximated by
Simply supported

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Simply supported

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Simply supported

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b) Two ends are fixed 2 curvatures

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c) Fixed portal frame, laterally unbraced

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d) Fixed portal frame, laterally braced

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e) General case

Maximum moment and moment magnification factor considering

the column slenderness is:

where:

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7. ACI criteria for neglect of slenderness

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braced frame

Phn 8 bi
ging

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8. ACI criteria for non-sway versus sway frames

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First way:

Second way:

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To calculate and Q:

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9. ACI moment magnifier method for non-sway

frames

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M2 >= M2,min

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EI to determine Pc in Eq. (9.13):

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Determination of k:

Degree of end restraint at each end is:

EI / l of columns)

EI
/ l of floor members
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Outline of the procedure for non-sway frames (braced frames):

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10. ACI moment magnifier method for sway frames

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TO BE REPLACED BY

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ACI code 10.13.4 provides 3 methods for calculating the magnified

sway moments sMs:
-

First method: the column end moments are caculated using the 2-nd
order analysis based on the member stiffness given in Point 8 (or
9.5 in the book) ACI criteria for non-sway versus sway frames:

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- The second method: The magnified sway moments are calculated by

- The thirst method:

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Note:

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11. Second-order analysis for slenderness effects

Previous method using eq. (9.20) is complicated.
a

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12. Summary

This is a hard lecture on column design. Braced and unbraced frames should be carefully considered in design of
tall buildings. Instability of the members or of the structures
will always lead to fatal failure of the building.
The lecture has discussed on:
Short columns under biaxial bending
Load contour method
Reciprocal load method
Slender columns introduction
Slender columns under concentrically loading
Slender columns under compression and bending

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ACI criteria for neglect of slenderness

ACI criteria for non-sway versus sway frames
ACI moment magnifier method for non-sway frames
ACI moment magnifier method for sway frames
Second-order analysis for slenderness effects
In the next lecture, analysis and design of column using SAP
2000 or ETABS and design of shear walls and cores will be
discussed.

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Thank you very much for attention !

Questions and answers !

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