Summarize in not more than 120 words, how camouflaging and mimicry help insects

Have you ever wondered why soldiers are always clad in green? This is to enable them to
camouflage themselves during wartime. Hiding in the jungles, their green attire blend into the
surrounding trees and shrubs, making it difficult for the enemies to spot them.
Long before man make use of camouflaging, insects have already adopted the tactic of disguise
to escape from the clutches of their predators. By having body colors close to those of the rocks
and dried leaves, they catch less attention from the predators and hence escape from being
pursued. However, this kind of disguise works only if the insects remain still in the presence of
their predators.
Butterflies and moths have developed a variety of camouflage strategies since they are quite
defenceless and their predators - birds are abundant in supply. Many moth caterpillars resemble
dead twigs while the young of certain species of butterflies appear like bird droppings. Adult
butterflies and moths camouflage themselves too, in attempts to escape from their hunters -birds who are superior gliders. Possessing wings which resemble dried leaves help certain
butterflies and moths to hide among heaps of dried leaves when predators are around.
Fortunately, not all insects choose the art of disguise to escape from their predators; otherwise,
the world would be so dull and colorless. There are insects which assimilate the bright body
colors of bees and wasps to escape from being pursued by their predators. The concept of
mimicry was derived, owing to the bees and wasps. Long ago, birds have already learnt to avoid
brilliantly colored wasps and bees in fear of their painful stings. Hence, over millions of years,
many harmless insects have assimilated the bees and wasps by imitating their bright body colors
and shapes. In this way, they appear dangerous to their predators and hence ward them off.
Mimics of the wasps and bees are most commonly found in the gardens. The furry, plump beefly not only appears like the bumble bee in terms of body colors, even its hums sound similar
too. The only difference is that the bee-fly does not have a sting and is hence harmless. The
hoverfly is another insect which imitates the body colors of the wasps. Their bodies are striped
yellow and black. The only deviations are that hoverflies do not have stings and they have only
one pair of wings each while wasps have two pairs each. These variations are hardly noticed by
the predators and hence help them to escape.
English Summary Exercise 1

Summarize in not more than 120 words, describing how Sam became an alcoholic

and later kicked the habit.

" I want some more beer ..." Sam turned around and saw a dirty, unshaven drunkard mumbling in
coherently as he wobbled aimlessly along the road. Shaking his head, Sam continued his way
back home.
Sam did not bother to switch on the lights at home. Everyone must be asleep at this late hour, he
thought. He tiptoed into Marie's bedroom and found her sleeping soundly, snugly tucked under
her pink comforter. Sam bent over and kissed his beloved five-year-old daughter's forehead.
"Thanks, dear. If it was not for you, I would never have turned over a new leaf," Sam
whispered in gratitude, recalling the drunken man he saw a while ago.
A year ago, after being retrenched from his computer company, Sam felt dejected and worried
about how he was going to provide for his family. The situation worsened when he failed to
secure a job after months of intensive searching. Soon, Sam began to indulge in alcoholic drinks
to drown his sorrows. His savings which was used to sustain the family expenses during his
retrenchment was tremendously depleted by his drinking habits. Soon his wife, Catherine,
became the family's sole bread winner.
Catherine's efforts to stop Sam from drinking were futile. Alcohol had transformed the oncegentle family man into a violent beast. Sam began to hit his wife when she refused to give hi
money for his drinks. Once Catherine tried hiding his drinking bottles, hoping to stop Sam from
drinking. Sam was so agitated when he could not find his bottles that he locked Marie into her
bedroom and threatened her into revealing the hiding place. The incident instilled terror in Marie
and thereafter, she tried her best to avoid Sam.
These traumatic incidents continued until the launch of the "stop Drinking" campaign by the
government. Striking and persuasive posters were put up in the public to persuade alcoholics to
kick their habit. None of them succeeded in bringing Sam to his senses except one. The poster
illustrated an alcoholic man abusing his wife while their terrified daughter cried helplessly. The
slogan accompanying the poster was: 'Will Your Children Be Able To Draw A Happy Family
Again?'. Sam suddenly recalled a poster entitled 'Happy Family' drawn by Marie for school
before he began drinking. As if released from a spell, he realized how irresponsible and abusive
he had been. Overcome with guilt, he quit drinking totally.
"Sam, why aren't you going to sleep?" asked a concerned Catherine.
"I'm coming, Catherine," Sam replied with a smile as he headed for his room.
English Summary Exercise 2

Answer
Camouflaging and mimicry have helped defenceless insects escape from their predators.
Camouflaging requires insects to have body colors close to the surroundings so as to appear less
eye-catching to predators. The moth caterpillars look like dead twigs while certain butterfly
caterpillars resemble bird droppings. Some butterflies and moths have wings that resemble dried
leaves. Mimicry requires harmless insects to adopt the body colors and shapes of the wasps and
bees so as to fool their predators into thinking that they are dangerous. Predators usually avoid
them, thinking they have stings too. The bee-fly and hoverfly assimilate the body colors of the
bumble bee and wasps respectively and the bee-fly even hums like the bumble bee. ( 118 words )

camouflage
assimilate
ward off

the use of leaves, branches, paints and clothes for hiding soldiers
or military equipment so that they look part of their surroundings
to become similar to
to prevent something unpleasant from harming or approaching
you

Answer
Sam became a drunkard after failing to find a job following his retrenchment. His savings was
reduced so quickly that Catherine had to work to support the family. Despite Catherine's advice,
he persisted hi drinking habits and even extorted money from her, hitting her when he refused to
give in. He once locked up Marie in the bedroom, forcing her to reveal the whereabouts of his
beer bottles which Catherine used to hide. The event instilled terror in Marie and thereafter she
tried her best to avoid Sam. During the "Stop Drinking" campaign launched by the government,
Sam came to his senses when he saw a broken family of a drunkard. From then on, he quit
drinking.. ( 117 words )

turn over a new leaf

dejected
traumatic

to start behaving in a better way

unhappy, disappointed or lacking hope
If an experience is traumatic, it causes you severe emotional
shock and upset

http://www.englishdaily626.com/summary.php?002