INRODUCTION

Diffusion is the net movement of molecules or atoms from

a region of high concentration to a region of low
concentration. This is also referred to as the movement of
a substance down a concentration gradient. A gradient is
the change in the value of a quantity with the change in
another variable (usually distance). For example, a
change in concentration over a distance is called a
concentration gradient, a change in pressure over a
distance is called a pressure gradient, and a change in
temperature over a distance is a called a temperature
gradient.
If a solid is kept in contact with an excess of solvent in
which it is soluble, some portion of the solid gets
dissolved. We know that this process is known as
dissolution of a solid in liquid and this process has taken
place due to the diffusion of solid particles into liquid.
Molecules of solute are in constant random motion due to
the collision between molecules of solute and that of the
solvent.

Objective
The rate of diffusion depends on:

1)

2)
3)
4)

5)

Temperature- as temperature increases, the kinetic

energy of the particles increases so the speed of
the particles also increases which thus leads to the
increase in the rate of diffusion.
Size of particles- as the size of particles increases
rate of diffusion decreases.
Mass of the particles- as the mass of the particle
increases, the rate of diffusion increases.
Net movement-in each substance, it is surrounded
by random molecular motion. Net movement of
each substance involves passive transport. It is
down its own concentration gradient.
At equilibrium, random molecular motion continues
but there is no longer any net movement.

Experiment 1
AIM:
Study of diffusion when copper sulphate (solid) is
brought in contact with water (liquid).

REQUIREMENTS:
1)
2)

copper sulphate crystals

1ooml beaker

PROCEDURE:

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Lets us take about 2g of copper sulphate crystals

in 100ml beaker.
Then we will add about 50ml of water and allow it
to stand for few minutes.
The development of blue color in water can be
noted.
The beaker is allowed to stand further till it is
observed that all the copper sulphate disappears.
The blue color change in water can be noted.

CONCLUSION:
When solids are brought in contact with liquids diffusion takes
place.

Experiment 2
AIM:
To study the effect of temperature on the rate of diffusion
of solids in liquids.

REQUIREMENTS:
1) Copper sulphate crystals
2) 200ml beaker
3) Watch glass
4) Wire gauge
5) Burner
6) Tripod stand
7) Thermometer
8) Stop watch

PROCEDURE:

1) About 5g of copper sulphate crystals are taken in each of the

three beakers.
2) 100ml of distilled water is slowly poured in one of the
beakers.
3) The above beaker is covered with a watch glass.
4) 100ml of cold water is poured in the second beaker slowly.
5) The third beaker containing 100ml of water is placed on
tripod stand for heating.
6) The diffusion process taking place in each of the beakers is
observed.
7) The tome taken for the dissolution of copper sulphate in all
the three cases is recorded.

OBSERVATIONS :

SL NO.

Temperature of
water

Time taken in
minutes

25c

15 min

10c

20 min

70c

10 min

CONCLUSION:
The rate of diffusion of copper sulphate in water in the
beakers is in the order:
Beaker 3> Beaker 1 >Beaker 2
Thus, the rate of diffusion varies directly with
temperature.

Experiment 3
AIM:
To study the effect of size of particles on the rate of
diffusion of solids in liquids.

PROCEDURE:
1) 5g each of big sized, medium sized, small
sized crystals of copper sulphate are taken
and added separately I three cylinders.
2) 50ml of water is added to each of the three
cylinders.
3) They are allowed to stand for sometimes.
4) The time taken for the blue color to reach
any fixed mark in each of the cylinders is
noted and the observations are made.

OBSERVATIONS:
SL NO

Crystal size

Time taken in
minutes

Big

20 min

Medium

15 min

Small

10 min

CONCLUSION:
Small particles undergo diffusion more quickly than
bigger particles.

Interference
When solids such as copper sulphate,
potassium permanganate are brought in
contact with liquid such as water, intermixing
of the substances, i.e. diffusion takes place.
The rate of diffusion varies directly with
temperature.

Small particles undergo diffusion more quickly

than bigger particles.

Bibliography
1) Wikipedia
2) Chemistry practical
3) Websites
a) Project.icbse.com
b) En.wikipedia.org/wiki/diffusion

Acknowledgement
Words fail to express my heartfelt gratitude and
indebtedness to my teacher, Mr. Rajendra Shah, for his
able guidance, relentless efforts and constructive council.
I express my sincere sense of reverence to our Principal,
Mrs. Anuradha Rakshit for her moral as well as technical
support motivation throughout the course of my
investigation.
I am grateful to the entire Department of Chemistry
for their encouragement and assistance during the course
of experimentation.
I express my profound sense of gratitude to my parents
for their help, assistance and cooperation.
Signature of the student

BONAFIED CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Sakti Swarup Sarangi of Delhi
Public School, Kalinga belonging to class XII D, Roll
no...
has successfully submitted the project on The study
of Diffusion of solids in liquids for the partial
fulfillment of the requirement of the AISSCE syllabus.
This embodies the original work done by the student
under the supervision of the department of chemistry.

Signature of the internal

Signature of the external


.
Date:

Date:

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT

STUDY OF DIFFUSION OF SOLIDS IN

LIQUIDS

Name of the topics

Page no

Aim of the experiment

Introduction

Objective

Experiment-1

Experiment-2

5-6

Experiment-3

7-8

Inference

Bibliography

10

DELFI PUBLIC SCHOOL, KALINGA

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT

THE STUDY OF DIFFUSION OF SOLIDS IN LIQUIDS
As per the requirement of AISSCE conducted by CBSE
(Session-2015-16)

SUBMITTED BY:
SAKTI SWARUP SARANGI
CLASS-XII D
AISSCE ROLL NO:

GUIDED BY:
MR. RAJENDRA SHAH
DEPT.OF CHEMISTRY
DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, KALINGA