1. What are the causes of begging by children in India? How can it be reduced?

Critically analyze.

Introduction
Child beggary in India is an omnipresent reality despite of the laws like State anti-beggary
legislations criminalizing the same and provision for

shelter homes under Juvenile

Justice Act dealing with rehabilitation and mainstreaming of such children.

Causes:
Economic causes: The three main economic causes are poverty, loss of
employment or under-employment and lucrative business. .
(a) Poverty: One of the main factors which forces childrene to
take to beggary is destitution. Having no sufficient means to support themselves
they resort to begging.
(b) Loss of employment and Under-employment: When parents
or guardians are unemployed or underemployed, they encourage their children to
take up begging along with themselves for making both ends meet.
( c ) Lucrative Business: Owing to easy gains and sufficient
income from begging many people make it a profession instead of doing honest
labour. Not only that, they even encourage their children to take this as
profession.
(d) By force : There are groups operating in big cities, which
force many children to this profession. There are syndicates and mafia who
kidnap children amputate them and force them to beg.

Psychological Causes: Children are easily able to earn good amount of money
from people out of sympathy. According to survey child beggars earn huge
amounts not Indian cash but also from foreign expats and tourists.

Social Causes : like family disorganization, lack of parental control, community

disorganization, break up of joint family system, vulnerability are also some of the
causes.

Measures to reduce begging

Parents should be counseled and made aware about the importance of child
education.

They should also be told about the various schemes being implemented by the
Government like the Right to Education and Mid Day Meal Schemes.

Parents should be encouraged to take up jobs under MNREGA for making both
ends meet.They could also be encouraged to take up vocational training under
government program like Aajeevika etc for ensuring continuos source of income.

Children in difficult circumstance should be rehabilitated in child care institution

/home under JJA act .

Mafia and other anti social elements who force childrens to beg should be booked
under the law and punished.

General people and tourists should be sensitized towards the issue .They should
be discouraged from giving alms to child beggars.

Conclusion:
Children are seen as the future of nations. It is only through giving them right
education, culture and values we can expect to make our nation economically
and culturally secure.
Government should see to it that the policies and laws against child beginning
are properly implemented , and that no opportunity to train our future torch
bearers should go a begging.

References

http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/child-beggars-on-the-rise-ingurgaon/article5715410.ece

4. Maulana Abul Kalam Azads Islam was much more accommodative than the contemporary
rigid and combative Islam. Critically examine
In his Discovery of India, Jawaharlal Nehru describes Azad and his contribution through urdu
newspaper the Al-Hilal that Azad wrote thus: "Abul Kalam Azad spoke in a new language to them in
his weekly Al- Hilal. It was not only a new language in thought and approach, even its texture was
different, for Azad's style was tense and virile, though a little difficult because of its Persian
background. He used new phrases for new ideas and was a definite influence in giving shape to the
Urdu language, as it is today. The older conservative leaders among the Muslims did not react
favourably to all this and criticized Azad's opinions and approach. Yet not even the most learned of
them could easily meet Azad in debate and argument, even on the basis of scripture and old tradition,
for Azad's knowledge of the happened to be greater than theirs
Azad thus was person who was different from the league.
He unlike the orthodox of the yesteryear and that even of today refused to believe in anything that did
not have logic.
He refused to accept canonized Islam instead he called for independent reasoning to interpret the
faith. Whereas it is unfortunate that today sections of people of right wing group be it of Muslim or
hindu for that matter are propagating that a true follower should never question their religion. Such
bigotry has been the main cause of religion fundamentalism which in extreme case pan out as
terrorism.
He also warned against reading more than what was intended to be conveyed in the Quran.Again in
the contemporary context it is something that is missing from practice. Islam unfortunately is being
invoked by many, to speak what they want the book to speak. This has also led to misguidance of
youth across the world who are being preached hatred for fellow human being under the garb of
religion.
Azad also was critical of Islamic madrasas. He wrote It was an outdated system of education which
had become barren from every point of view teaching methods defective, worthless subjects of
study, deficient in the selection of books, defective way of reading and calligraphy. Sadly the same

can be said of the Madrasas of the present as well. The Madrasa of today are still inward looking and
are still laden with the shortcoming that Azad had written about more than 50 years ago.

Conclusion : In the light of above fact we can conclude that Azads Islam was much more
accommodative than the contemporary rigid and combative Islam.
Maulana Kalam Azad's idea of Islam brings out the true essence of religion for fostering the real
development of the mankind.
References :

1. http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/the-forgotten-inheritance-ofazad/article5715444.ece

2. The Discovery Of India