THE

AMERICAN

NUMISMATIC

MUSEUM

SOCIETY

NOTES
20

THE

AMERICAN

NUMISMATIC
NEW

SOCIETY

YORK
1975

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CONTENTS

Errata appearing in ANSMN

19 (1974)

iv

GREEK
Fred S. Kleiner.

Some UnpublishedAthenianBronze Coins

Otto Morkholm. Ptolemaic Coins and Chronology:The Dated

SilverCoinage of Alexandria

1
7

Konstantin V. Golenko. The Method of Counterfeiting

Ancient 25
Coins of the Bosporus by M. Sazonov as Told by Himself
ROMANANDBYZANTINE
J. Rufus Fears. Sulla or Endymion:A Reconsiderationof a Denariusof L. AemiliusBuca

29

William E. Metcalf. The Tell Kalak Hoard and Trajan's Arabian

Mint

39

William E. Metcalf. A Heraclian Hoard fromSyria

109

MEDIAEVAL
D. M. Metcalf.
East

Some Hoards and Stray Finds fromthe Latin 139

ORIENTAL
Rose Chan Houston. A Note on Two Coin Hoards Reportedin
Kao K'x

153

Charles K. Panish. The Coins of North Cambodia

161

iii

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SOME HOARDS AND STRAY

FINDS FROM THE LATIN EAST
(Plates

D. M. Metcalf

XVII-XXI)

I. A Necklace Made from a Treasure of the Early Twelfth

Century
A necklace of 17 silveror billon deniersto whichloops had been attached was acquired recentlyby the Kadman NumismaticMuseum,
Tel-Aviv.1 Althoughthere can be no proofof the coins' provenance,
group,and appear to reflecta hoard fromthe
they are a self-consistent
late 11th or early 12th century. Twelve of the coins are of Chartres,
of a varietyfoundin severalotherhoards fromthe Latin East, namely
the Istanbul hoard of 1875 (deposited 1096?), the Antioch hoard of
1932 (depositedca. 1098?),2 the First Subak hoard,3and the Jerusalem
hoard of 1968-9.4 There are a half dozen similarspecimensin the collectionat the Conventof the Flagellation.6 The coins of Chartreswere
one of the seven typessaid by Raymond d'Aguilersto have been in use
as "the moneyof our army"duringthe First Crusade.6 Several of them
1 Mythanksaredueto Dr. ArieKindlerforhiskindpermission
to publishthis
noteaboutthenecklace.
2 J. Duplessy
montaire
"Le trsor
de Samoset la circulation
andD. M. Metcalf,
en Orient
Latinaux Xlle et XHIe sicles,"
RBN 1962,pp. 173-207,at p. 203.
3 D. M. Metcalf,
SomeNewHoardsand
"CoinsofLucca,Valence,andAntioch.
H BN 1968-9(pubi.1972),pp.443-70,
theTimeoftheCrusades,"
StrayFindsfrom
at pp. 444ff.and460f.
4 Metcalf,
HBN 1968-9(pubi.1972),pp.466-7.
5 Coinsacquiredin tradein the Old Cityof Jerusalem,
mostlyby thelate A.
thelasttwodecades.
O. F. M.,within
Spijkerman,
6 "... solidosmonetaenostriexercitus.Erat haec nostramoneta:Pictavini,
et duo pogesipro uno
Valenziani,
Cartenses,
Manses,Luccenses,
Melgorienses,
des Croisades.Historiens
occidentaux
3 (Paris,
istarum."Recueildes historiens
to coinsofPoitou(i.e. Melle),Chartres,
Le Mans,Lucca,
1866),p. 278. Thisrefers
andobolesofLe Puy.
Valence,
Melgueil,
139

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140

D. M. METCALF

became preferredformsof currencyin Syria and Palestine duringthe

firsthalf of the 12th century.7Two worncoins of Le Mans and one of
Melle fromthe necklaceare also among the types named by Raymond
d'Aguilers.8The two remainingpieces,whichare the most interesting
of the whole group, are of Rheims and Pavia. The formeris a very
scarce varietyattributedto Eudes II (1019-37), while the latteris in
the namesof Otto I and Otto II (962-7). Both thesesuggesta relatively
early date forthe hoard, which may be a sum of moneyimportedin
1098-9, or mighteven be earlierin date, i.e. priorto the Crusade. The
worn conditionof most of the coins seems to imply that they were in
circulationfor a long time. Referencesare made here and in the following note to F. Poey d'Avant, Monnaies fodalesde France, Paris,
1858-62 (P. d'A.); and to volumes of the Corpus NummorumItalicorum, (CNI), Vols. 4, 6, 7 and 11 published in Rome in 1913, 1922,
1915 and 1929 respectively.
*1. Champagne: county of Blois and Champagne. Eudes II, 101937. MintofRheims/Obu. : Facing head ODOCOSttES (retrograde).
Rev.: Cross ODOCOCE'v (retrograde). Compare Poey d'Avant
pl. 140, no. 10 = RN 1838, p. 199 with threedots above head, as
on this specimen;and Poey d'Avant pl. 140, no. 11 = RN 1838,
p. 202. Anotherspecimenin RBN 1889, pl. 8, no. 5. See A.
Blanchet and A. Dieudonn, Manuel de numismatiquefranaise
4 (Paris, 1936), pp. 142-3. The historyof the mint seems to
exclude a later datingof this coin.
2-3. Maine: countyofLe Mans. Obv.: Monogramof Erbertus.COMES
CENOMANNIS. Rev.: Cross, with dot in 1st and 2nd quarters,
A and Ca)in 3rd and 4th. P. A., nos. 1546 ff.
*4-15. Orlanais: county of Chartres. Obv.: Stylized profile. Rev.:
Cross CARTIS CIVITAS. P. d'A., no. 1731.
7 Thisis arguedin Metealf,
reference
HBN 1968-9(pubi.1972),withparticular
hitherto
been
and
have
i.e.
of
Lucca
few
similar
tonorth
Valence,
finds,
Syria.Very
ofa contrast
from
theLatinKingdom,
whichmightgivetheimpression
published
is misofJerusalem
andAntioch.Suchan impression
theearlycurrencies
between
in
Israel.
found
for
the
same
are
types commonly
leading,
8 Theyoccuralso in thefirstSubakand Izmirhoards:Metcalf,
HBN 1968-9
(pubi.1972).

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FINDS FROM THE LATIN EAST

141

16. Poitou: in thenameofCharles.Mintof Melle. Obv.:CrossCARLVS

REX FR. Rev.: MET /ALO. P. A., no. 2457.
17. ITALY: Pavia. OttoI and Otto//,962-7. Obv.:Monogramof Otto.
IMPERATOR. Rev.: PA / PIA. Around, [OTTO] PIVS RE. CNI
Vol. 4, pl. 40, no. 9. See also a strayfindfromAntalya,Turkey,
HBN 1968-9, pubi. 1972, pl. 18, no. 27.
II. A Hundred Stray Finds from Akko (Saint-Jean D'Acre)
A group of 36 strayfindsof 12th-and 13th-centurycoins fromAkko
(the Crusaders' Saint-Jean d'Acre) was published by Rahmani and
Spaer.9 The issues included a good proportionof westernEuropean
coins as well as issues of the Latin Kingdom, Tripolis, and Cyprus,
and are of much interestas an indicationof the currencyin use in the
main port of entryinto the Latin Kingdom, particularlyin the 13th
century. Attentionwas drawnto the unexpectedlylarge proportionof
coins of the kings of Sicily, and also of lead "tokens," the purpose of
which is not really known.10Two gold coins of Sicily, also found at
Akko, have been publishedby Meshorerand Spaer.11
Through the vigilance and generosityof Arnold Spaer, a further
gatheringof a hundredstray findsfromAkko is listed here. Most of
them are silver or billon deniersor the equivalent. They are, again,
essentiallyfromthe late 12th and 13th centuries,and the proportions
are similarto those in the earliergroup of 36 finds. The westernEuropean issues are even more varied, includingspecimensfromas far
afield as Frankish Greece, Portugal, and England. The currencyof
the firstthreequartersofthe 12thcenturyis rathersparselyrepresented:
thereare 6 coinsofLucca, one ofValence,and 2 ofBaldwin ofJerusalem.
The coins of Tripolisare difficultto date, but some of them,too, may
have been in circulationat Acre beforeca. 1175.
9 L. Y. Rahmaniand A. Spaer,"StrayFindsof MediaevalCoinsfromAcre,"
INJ 1965-6,pp. 67-73.
10Forsomesimilar
"Some
token-like
objects,butin copper,see A. J. Seltman,
. 1966,pp. 61-3.
Crusader
Coins,"NCirc
11Y. Meshorer
andA. Spaer,"Varia,"INJ 1965-6,pp. 74-7.

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142

D. M. METCALF
Catalogue

The orderin whichthe coins are listed is, first,those of the Latin East
Numismatique
(nos. 1-40), followingthe sequence in G. Schlumberger,
de l'OrientLatin Paris, 1878; then coins of France (41-65), the feudal
issues being arrangedaccordingto Blanchet and Dieudonn, Manuel
Vol. 4; thentheEmpire(66-68), Italy (69-89), Portugal (90-91), England
(92), and lead tokens(93-100).
1. Antioch: Roger,1112-9. JE follis. Obu.: St. Georgeand dragon.
Rev.: POT JG / TT.../..
.. Schl. pl. 2, no. 12. Roughly-clipped
octagonal flan. 3.27 gm.
2. (?): Bohemund//, 1126-30. JE follis. Obv.: St. Peter. Rev.: Cross
B[A IM I N]AOC Schl. pl. 2, no. 15. Very worn.
*3. Bohemund III , 1163-1201. JE obole. Obv.: Fleur-de-lis,four
pellets BOANVNDVS. Rev.: Cross, four stars. Schl. pl. 3, no.
1 var. (describedp. 52). 0.86 gm.
4. Jerusalem: Baldwin III, 1143-63.12Billon denier. Obv.: Cross
+BALDVINVSRGX. Rev.: Tower of David + DGIGRVSALGM.
"Neat" style, Schl. pl. 3, no. 21. 0.74 gm. (chipped).
5. Similar,but "rough" style,Schl. pl. 3, no. 22. 0.51 gm. (broken).
6. Amalric or his successors (1163-74 or later).13 Billon denier.
Obv.: Cross,with annuletsin 2nd and 3rd quarters. AMALRICVS
RGX, annulet after X, first A double-barred. Rev.: Rotunda
of the Holy Sepulcher14
+DGIGRVSALGM. Schl.pl. 3, 19. 0.80 gm.
7. Similar,chevron-barred
A. 0.84 gm.
8. Another,0.75 gm.
*9. Smallerweightand module,afterca. 1187. 0.26 gm.
*10-12. Three more,0.28 gm., 0.27 gm.,0.23 gm.
12Fortheattribution,
RBN 1962,pp. 178f.
see DuplessyandMetealf,
13Duplessy
of(heavy)coinsin thename
andMetcalf,
RBN 1962. Thepresence
theirdate
in theSamoshoard,concealedbeforeca. 1185,establishes
of Amalric
oforigin.
14So identified
DOMINI.
ofAcre,Schl.pl.20,no.3: SEPVLCHRI
ontheraredrachm
de Vog,Les glisesde la TerreSainte(Paris,
in Melchior
See thesealillustrated
therotunda.
within
theediculeofthetombis shown
1860),p. 184,where

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FINDS FROM THE LATIN EAST

143

*13. Similar, but rev. in rougher style. Unofficialcopy? 0.32 gm.

(creased).
*14. Jean de Brienne, 1210-25. Damietta. Obv..Cross +IOHGS REX.
Rev.: Facing head +DMIT. Schl. pl. 3, no. 31. 0.61 gm.
*15. Tripolis: RaymondII or III , 1137-52-87. JE obole. Obv.: Cross
with 4 dots in angles + RAIMVNDVS COMES. Rev.: Agnus Dei
+CIVITAS TRIPOLIS. Schl. pl. 4, no. 8. 0.53 gm.
*16. JE obole. Obv.: Fortifiedgateway +CIVITAS. Rev.: Cross pommete with crescents and dots in angles +TRI POLIS. Schl.
pl. 4, nos. 9-11. 1.02 gm.
17-20. Similar. 0.93 gm., 0.70 gm., 0.48 gm., 0.41 gm.
*21. Similar,but simplertype. Schi. pl. 4, no. 12. 0.78 gm.
*22. Raymond ///, 1152-87, or Bohemund IV, 1187-1233.15Billon
denier. Obv.: Cross +RANVNDVS COMS. Rev.: Star of eight
rays, with annulets in angles +CIVITAS TRIPOLIS. Schl. pl. 4,
no. 16. 0.92 gm.
*23. BohemundIV or later. Billon denier.Similar,but with group of
three dots in second quarter of obv.9and +BAMVN .... Schl.
pl. 4, no. 17. 0.41 gm.
*24. Similar. 0.49 gm.
25. Similar, but JE (counterfeit?).0.43 gm. (broken).
*26. Similar,iE?, dot in 2nd quarter,and star of seven rays. Compare
Schl. pl. 4, no. 23. 0.62 gm.
*27. Sidon: 13th century?16Billon denier. Obv.: Cross +:D-E-N-I'G*R:
Rev.: Building with cupola. +:D-S--6-T: Schl. pl. 5, no. 8.
0.46 gm.
*28. Similar.Plated ? 0.62 gm.
15Forthedatingoftheseries,see theevidence
oftheKessabhoard,concealed
ca. 1225. H. Longuet,
"La trouvaille
deKessabenOrient
Latin,"RN 1935,pp.163RBN 1962,pp. 205-6. All 99 coinsin thehoardwere,
83,DuplessyandMetealf,
as Schl.pl.4, no.16,withan averageweight
of0.81gm. Thissuggests
apparently,
a dateofissueforthevariety
nottoolongbefore
thedateofconcealment.
16 Forthedateofissue,notethattherewere6 specimens
amonga totalof120in
the Djebal hoardof 1902,concealedca. 1230-35(Duplessyand Metcalf,
RBN,
1962,pp.206-7)and1 among38 in theal-Mina
hoard,of similardate(D. F. Allen,
"CoinsofAntioch,
NC 1937,pp. 200-10).No specimens
have
etc.,fromal-Mina,"
so farturned
date.
up in hoardsofearlier

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144

D. M. METCALF

29. Cyprus: Hugh I, 1205-18. Billon denier. Class II.17 Obu.: Cross.
Crescentwith dot in 1st and 4th quarters, dot in 2nd and 3rd.
+ *RGXhVGO.Rev.: Gatewayas Cox, TripolisHoard, pl. 6, no. 4.
(Legend obscure). 0.66 gm.
*30. Class III. Obu.: Crescentsin 1st and 4th quarters,starsin 2nd and
3rd + *hVGOR6X. Reu.: Fortifiedgateway with two central
battlements(compareCox, TripolisHoard, pl. 6, no. 5) + -CYPRI0.55 gm.
*31. Compare Class IV. Obu.: dots in 1st and 4th quarters,crescents
in 2nd and 3rd + -hVGO-RGX.Reu.: Fortifiedgateway +-CYPRI0.75 gm.
32. Similar,but crescentsin 1st and 4th quarters, dots in 2nd and
3rd. 0.47 gm.
33. Class IV. Obu.: Crescentin 1st and 4th quarters,dot in 2nd and
3rd hVGORGX. Reu.: Broad gateway (compare Schl. pl. 6,
no. 5) withthreecentralbattlements,see also Cox, TripolisHoard,
pl. 6, no. 7. 0.61 gm.
*34. Henry I, 1218-53. Billon denier. Obu.: Plain cross hGNRICVS
Reu.: Fortifiedgateway. RGXCYPRI. CompareSchl. pl. 6, no. 12.
0.67 gm.
35. Similar.0.32 gm .(broken)
*36. James II, 1460-73. JE sixain, with severelyblunderedreverse
inscription.18Schl. p. 203. 1.88 gm.
*37. Similar. 1.46 gm.
38. Frankish Greece. Achaia: Geoffrey
II, 1229-46 or William II,
1246-78. JE obole. Obu.: Cross G. P. ACCAIE Reu.: Gateway
+CORINTI. Schl. pl. 12, no. 10. 0.64 gm.
39. Isabel, 1297-1301. Billon deniertournois. Obu.: Trefoilat beginning (and end?) of legend Cross +YSABGLLA.P.ACH.Reu.: Star
at (beginning?and) end of legend. Chtel tournoisDG CLARGN
CIA. 0.84 gm.
40. Athens: Guy II, 1287-1308. Star under castle. 0.78 gm.
17Fortheclassification,
see D. H. Cox,TheTripolis
Hoard,
ofFrench
Seignorial
andCrusader's
Coins
, ANSNNM59 (NewYork,1933),pp. 34-48.
18Themainland
at sucha latedateraisesthequestion
the
whether
provenance
moreblundered
varieties
maynotbe imitative.

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FINDS FROM THE LATIN EAST

145

41. FRANCE. Royal Coinage: Philip IV, 1285-1314.AGros tournois.

Round O. 4.03 gm.
*42. Feudal Coinages. Anjou: countyofAnjou. 12th-l3thcenturies,19
typeimmobilisin the name of F ulk. Obv.: Crosswith A and 00
in 3rd and 4th quarters +FVLCOCOMES. Rev.: Monogramof
Fulco. VRBS ... DCCSV ... P. A. no. 1501. 0.99 gm. (worn).
*43. Similar. 0.76 gm.
*44. Similar,but rev. ANDEGAVENSIS or similar. P. d'A. no. 1494.
0.95 gm.
*45. Similar.0.75 gm.
*46. Similar, but rev. VRBS AhDEGAVS or similar. P. d'A. no. 1506.
0.91 g.
*47. Similar.0.92 gm.
*48. Berry: Huriel,lordship.Humbald, ca. 1110-20.20Obv.: Crosswith
annuletsin 1st and 4thquarters+ HVHBAVDVS.Rev.: Four crosslets + DEVRIACO. P. d'A. no. 2077. 0.49 gm.
*49. Bourbonnais: Souvigny(Cluniac priory),firstperiod,1080-1213.
Obv.: St. Majolus, crozier 1. SCSMAIOLVS. Rev.: Cross +SILVINIACO. P. d'A. no. 2169.21 0.80 gm.
*50. Burgundy, duchy: Mint of Dijon. Eudes II, 1143-62.22 Obv.:
Molinewithtwo dots +ODODVXBVRG:DIE. Rev.: Crosswith arrowheads in 1st and 4th quarters +DIVIONEIISIS. P. d'A. no.
5676.23 0.74 gm.
*51. Hugh III, 1162-93.24 Similar,but +VGODVX, etc. 0.90 gm.
19Thereseemto be threemamgroupsamongthemanyvarieties
ofcoinsin the
thosewithVRBSAlDCCSV(continuing
thepreceding
nameofFulk,namely
variety
intheMassay
inthenameofGeoffrey),
thosewithANDEGAVENSIS
(predominant
ca. 1155),andthosewithVRBSANDEGAVS,etc.(notfoundin
hoard,deposited
theMassayhoard,butall threespecimens
in theSamoshoardareofthisvariety).
and
RBN
Metealf,
1962,
pp.
196-7)
(Duplessy
20J. Duplessy,"Numismatique
de Brosse,Sainte-Svre
et Huriel,"RN 1967,
P. d'A. no. 2077. TheAcrefindappearsto be fromdifpp. 82-102,republishing
ferent
dies.
21Compare
Samoshoard,nos.26-30.
22Forthedating,
see Duplessyand Metcalf,
RBN 1962,p. 177,
23Compare
Samoshoard,nos.9-10.
24Duplessy
andMetcalf,
RBN 1962,p. 177,

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146

D. M. METCALF

*52. Champagne, county: Mint of Provins. Henry I, 1152-80 and

HenryII, 1180-97." Obv.:Crosswithdots in 1st and 4th quarters,
A and (0 in 2nd and 3rd + HENRICOMES. Rev.: Comb with
aVa
above. +PRVVINSCASTRI. P. d'A. no. 5972. 1.06 gm.
*53. Mint of Troyes. Same dates. Obv.: Cross, with annuletsin 2nd
and 3rd quarters +HENRICOMES. Rev.: Monogram of Tebo.
+TRECASCIVITAS. P. d'A. no. 5951. 1.15 gm.
54. Similar.0.87 gm.
*55. Dauphine: Mint of Vienne. Obv.: Head of St. Maurice 1. +S.M.
VIENNA. Rev.: Cross,four dots in angles MAXIMAGAt.t P.d'A.
no. 4826. 0.82 gm.
*56. Valence,bishopric. Obv.: Angel +VRBS VALENTIAl. Rev.: Cross,
annuletin 4th quarter+SAPOLLINARS. P.d'A. no. 4690. Metcalf
GroupE.260.96 gm.
*57. Flanders, county: Mint of Lille, ca. 1180-1220. Obv.:Triangle,
with annulets at points, fleur-de-lisat each side. Rev.: Cross,
four dots, dotted circle. LILA. J. Ghyssens,Les petits deniers
de Flandre, (Brussels,1971), no. 266 or similar. 0.24 gm.
*58. Languedoc: Melgueil,county.Obv.: Pale withtwo pennonsRAMVNOS. Rev.: Four annuletsNAIBONA. P.d'A. no. 3843. 0.95 gm.
59. Le Puy, bishopric. Obv.: Cross. Rev.: Chrism.P.d'A. no. 2231.
0.78 gm.
*60. Lyonnais: Lyon. Rudolph III, 993-1032 or later. Obv.: Cross
+ RODVLFVS. Rev.: "Temple" type LVGVDVNVS. P.d'A. no
5023. 0.65 gm.
*61. Maine, county:Le Mans. Obv.: Monogramof Erbertus.+COI-E SCEHOMAHIS. Rev.: Cross with dots in 1st and 2nd quarters,A
and u in 3rd and 4th +SIGNVMDEIVIVIP.d'A. no. 1561. 1.11 gm.
*62. Normandy, duchy: Obv.: Cross with four dots, border,traces of
legend. Rev.: Jumbled design of gables, annulets, and lines.
CompareP.d'A. pl. 6, 10. 11. 0.71 gm.
*63. Orlanais: Gien-Donzy. Geoffrey
III, 1120-60,and successorsto
1197. Obv.: Cross,withA and COin 3rdand 2nd quarters.+ GOSEDVSCOS. Rev.: Monogram imitating that of Fulk of Anjou
25Forthedating(ca. 1160-90)see DuplessyandMetcalf,
RBN 1962,p. 176.
26Metcalf,
HBN 1968-9(pubi.1972),pp.452-4.

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FINDS FROM THE LATIN EAST

147

+GIEMISCA. P.A. no. 1998. Duplessy and Metcalf,Trsorde

Samos, nos. 1-7. 0.90 gm.
*64. Picardy: Amiens,late 12th or early 13th century. Obv.: Two
fleurs-de-lis,
star, and crescentaround central pellet. Four annulets in outer border. Rev.: Cross with crescentsand annulets
in angles SIMON. Compare P.d'A. pl. 149, no. 20. 0.33 gm.
*65. Uncertain: Imitationof denierof Mantes of Louis VI (1108-37).
Obv.: Two crosses and two annulets + EVORVONIS or similar.
Rev.: Cross. +ISOVIIGOVII or similar. E. Caron, Monnaies fodales franaises(Paris, 1882), no. 686 and pl. 27, no. 13 is a piedfort
of this otherwiseunrecordedvariety.27Middle or second half of
12th century?0.82 gm. (pierced).
*66. EMPIRE: Hainaut: Obv.: Monogramof Hainaut, two crescents.
Rev.: Cross with two crescentsand two pellets in angles. R.
sur les monnaiesdes comtesde Hainaut (Lige,
Chaln, Recherches
and
25
1972), p.
pl. 1 no. 4. 0.48 gm.
*67. Brabant: Henry//, 1235^48 or III , 1248-61. Denier. Obv.: Shield
withlion H.DVCIS 3 dots above. Rev.: Cross of Brabant B V S T.
A. de Witte,Histoiremontairedes Comtesde Louvain (Antwerp,
1848-9), p. 53, pl. 3, no. 68. 0.48 gm.
*68. Aachen: Frederick/, 1152-90. Denier. Obv.: Throned figureof
emperorwith shoulderedsword,and orb. Star in fieldFREDERI[CIM]PR. Rev.: Tower with gateway and flanking buildings
+ ROMA [CAPVTMVNDI]. J. Menadier,"Die AachenerMnzen,"
ZNum 1913, pp. 321-422, no. 27a; H. Buchenau, "Mnzfund
von Strombergim Hunsrck," Bltter fr Mnzfreunde1914,
cols. 5495-5500, pl. 210, no. 19b. 1.33 gm.
69-72. ITALY: Lucca: Obv.:Monogramof Otto+IHPERATOR. Rev.-
L V C A in field +ENRICVS CNI Vol. XI, pl. 4, no. 28. Metcalf,
HBN 1968-9, pubi. 1972, pl. 18, nos. 1-2.28 1.07 gm., 1.02 gm.,
0.83 gm., 0.74 gm.
*73. Slightlyless neat. 1.15 gm.
27I amindebted
to JeanDuplessy,
whowasableto pointoutthecorrect
identification
ofthiscoin. Theattribution
remains
uncertain.
28Metcalf,
HBN 1968-9(pubi.1972),pp. 448-52.

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148

D. M. METCALF

74. Copy in rough style. Metcalf,HBN 1968-9 (pubi. 1972), pl. 18,
nos. 15-18. 0.80 gm.
75. Verona: FrederickII, 1218-50. Obv.: Cross Cl / D / IV / D.
Rev.: NE / RO / N /A CNI Vol. 6, pl. 24, no. 6. 0.31 gm.
76. Venice: L. Tiepolo, 1268-75. Billon quartarolo. Obv.: V E N C
in field; +LATEUPL-DVX. Rev.: Cross with 4 fleurs-de-lis
+ <s>MARCVoj CNI Vol. 7, pl. 2, no. 17. 0.70 gm.
77. J. Contarmi
, 1275-80. Similar,but +IA9TARE.DVX. CN/ Vol. 7,
no.
21.
0.43 gm.
pl. 2,
78. G. Dandolo, 1280-89. Similar,but +IO.DANDVLO. CVI Vol. 7,
pl. 2, no. 25. 0.72 gm.
*79. Sicily: William I, 1154-66. M follaro. Obv.: Mother of God
MP0V. Rev.: REX/W.Around, in Arabic: "Struck in Messina
in the year [ ]." G. Sambon, Repertoriogenerale(Paris, 1912),
no. 944. 1.41 gm.
*80. William II, 1166-89. JE follarofraction.Obv.: Lion head. Rev.:
Arabic inscription:"King William the second." Sambon, Re,no. 1001. 2.17 gm.
pertorio
*81. Obv. REX.W/SQS. OPERATA IN VRBE MESSANA. Rev.: Arabic
inscription:"King William the second. Struck by the order of
the magnificentking,to the gloryof God." Sambon, Repertorio
,
no. 1002. 0.73 gm.
Q
P.
*82. FrederickII, 1220-50. Billon denaro. Obv.: I
FROMANR'SEMPAVG. Rev.: Cross, trefoilin 2nd quarter
R.IERSL'ETSICIL. Sambon, Repertorio,no. 1158. 0.71 gm.
83-4. Similar.0.43 gm.; 0.41 gm. (corrodedand broken).
Q
85. Obv.: F R in field. Obscure. As Sambon Repertorio,no. 1160?
0.78 gm.
*86. Conrad IV, 1250-4. Billon denaro. Obv.: C O / R in field
+ IERVSALEM.Rev.: Cross H-GT.SICIL'REX.Sambon, Repertorio
no. 1167. 0.60 gm.
*87. Obv.:Cross +COHRADVS. Rev.: RE / X in field+IERLETSICIL.
no. 1169. 0.61 gm.
Sambon, Repertorio,
88. Similar.0.61 gm.

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FINDS FROM THE LATIN EAST

149

*89. Obu.: Cross +CONRADVS. Rev.: Br in field; + IERLETSICIL.

, no. 1171. 0.71 gm.
Sambon, Repertorio
*90. PORTUGAL: Sancho 1, 1185-1211. Mealha? Obu.: REX SANCIVS.
Reu.: PO /RT /VG /AL. J. FerraroVaz, Numaria medieualpor/iznesa(Lisbon 1960), pl. 3, no. 12. 0.43 gm.
91. Sancho II, 1223^18. Dinheiro. Ferraro Vaz, Numaria, pl. 8,
no. 21. 0.54 gm.
92. ENGLAND: Short-crosspenny, 1180-1247. 0.81 gm. (broken).
93-100. LEAD TOKENS. See Fig. 1 forroughsketchesof these.

Fig. l
III. A Thirteenth-Century Hoard of Coins of Provins and AnGOULME
contained 53
A hoard which came to notice in Jerusalemrecently29
coins of the counts of Champagne,minted at Provins, and 34 of the
counts of Angoulme. The latter are of a typeimmobilis
, and cannot
be dated at all accurately.30The coins of Provinsare potentiallymore
29Thechanceto record
ofArnoldSpaer,who
thisfindis owedto thegenerosity
thecoinsandplacedthemin myhandsforstudyandpublication.
borrowed
30Thetypewasreplaced
Manuel
in orafter1181(Dieudonn,
, Vol.4, pp. 70 f.),
hoard(Duplessyand Metcalf,
in theMontluon
but therewas stillone specimen
inthe
ca. 1213.Allthe223coinsofAngoulme
concealed
RBN 1962,pp.199-200),
A. Bronfenbrener,
"Le
ca. 1230,areofa latervariety:
Guitinires
hoard,concealed
RN 1969,pp. 271-88,
de Guitinires,"
trsor

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150

D. M. METCALF

susceptibleto exact dating. They are a compact group characterized

above the comb into OYO of the Odo-monogram
by the deformation
rather than the r' V ^ found, for example, on the coins of Provins
in the Samos hoard, concealed ca. 1182. The omegaon the obverse is
carefullywrittenas (a) ratherthan u - again, in contrastto the Samos
hoard issues. The stylisticrange within the hoard probably reflects
the variety of dies cut at Provins withinquite a short period, and it
is not obvious how the coins can be put any morecloselyinto sequence.
The most conspicuousvariation is in the comb (Fr. peigne: probably
a rebus alluding to Champagne),81of which the teeth are sometimes
coarse, sometimesfine.
The olderpieces are in the name of Henry(Henry I and II, 1152-8097), whilethe newerones are in the name of Thibaut (Thibaut III and
IV, 1197-1201-53).32 This provides a terminusof 1197, but as the
proportionof coins in the hoard in the name of Henry is low, and the
specimensare worn,a date after1200 is indicated. On the otherhand,
unless the coins of Angoulmewere broughtto the Latin East some
years beforethe concealmentof the hoard, it is hard to see how it can
fall very far into the 13th century.
The coins may be describedas follows:
*1. Champagne: county. Henry /, 1152-80. Provins? (withthe name
of Sens).88 Obv.: Cross,with dot in 1st and 2nd quarter,A and
0) in 4th and 3rd SEEN.IIISCIVIT. Rev.: Comb with OXO (Odo)
above. [
] MISCATO. Compare P.d'A. pl. 138, no. 16.
0.95 gm.
*2-7. Provins. Henry /, after 1160, or Henry II, 1180-97. Obv.:
in 2nd HENRI
Cross,withdot in 1st and 4th quarters,A in 3rd,Ca3
COMES. Rev.: Comb with OYO above. CASTRIPRVVINS.Com31 In itsorigins,
OdoRex
ofthemonogram
thetypeseemsto be a degeneration
tothe
Manuel
, Vol.4, figs.74,75). It hasalsobeenseenas a reference
(Dieudonn,
woolenindustry.
82Forthedating,
RBN 1962.
see Duplessy
andMetcalf,
88Dieudonn,
Manuel
, Vol.4, p. 137: "Jene seraispas nonplustonnque les
sansspecification
de Provins,
Deniersqui ontle nomde Senset le typeau peigne,
. . . inscri... les ateliersmoinsrenomms
de cet atelier,soientsortisde Provins
crdit leurnumraire."
virent
le nomde la mtropole
pourdonner

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FINDS FROM THE LATIN EAST

151

pare P.d'A. pl. 138,19. *1.23 gm. (witha coarsecomb),1.13 gm.(2),

1.04 gm., 1.03 gm. 1.00 gm.
8-53. Thibaut III , 1197-1201 or Thibaut IV , 1201-53. Of 46 coins
in the name ofThibaut,onlyone (no. 8, with an unusuallynarrow
comb, and a smaller cross) is divergentin style fromthe rest.
The 45 comprise20 with reversedS in COMES, and 25 with a
normalS. There is no sign of stylisticprogressionbetween the
two groups,and metrologically
thereis nothingto choose between
them. Indeed, a reversedie link would come as no surprise.
*8. Obu.: As nos. 2-7, but TEBALTCOME2 Rev.: Narrow comb.
1.07 gm.
*9-28. As no. 8, but normalstyle. The comb varies fromcoarse
(*9, 1.07 gm.) throughmedium(*10, 1.15 gm.; *11, 1.11 gm.)
to fine(*12, 1.11 gm.); 16 otherspecimensin the same range,
1.14 gm., 1.12 gm., 1.11 gm., 1.09 gm. (2), 1.07 gm. (2),
1.06 gm., 1.05 gm., 1.04 gm., 1.03 gm. (2), 1.01 gm., 1.00 gm.,
0.97 gm.,0.93 gm.
*29-53. Similar, but normal S in COMES. The comb again
varies fromcoarse(*29, 1.06gm.,withdie flaw; *30, 1.01 gm.)
throughmedium(*31, 1.07 gm.) to fine *32, 1.04 gm., smaller dies; *33, 1.13 gr., teeth of comb turned to right); 20
others,in the middleofthisstylisticrange,1.13 gm.,1.12 gm.
(2), 1.11 gm., 1.10 gm., 1.09 gm., 1.08 gm. (2), 1.06 gm.,
1.05 gm.,1.04 gm. (4), 1.03 gm., 1.02 gm., 1.01 gm.,1.00 gm.,
0.96 gm., 0.93 gm.
54-87. Angoulme: county. Type immobilisin the name of Louis,
third series.84Obu.: Cross +LODOICVS. Rev.: Crossletbetween
4 annulets+EGOLISSIME. Among25 deniersin the hoard,there
is verylittlestylisticvariation:but fourof the oldestcoins (worn,
chipped) have largerannulets,bolder dotted borders,and slightly
less stylizedlettering. No correspondingdistinctioncan be seen
amongthe nine oboles,whichmay all belongwith the later group
ofdeniers,but theirappearancesuggesteda divisioninto "smooth"
84Dieudonn,
Manuel
issueswith:a) central
cross, Vol.4, pp. 70f.,distinguishes
- 1.15to 0.98gm.;c) central
let 1.60to 1.10gm.;b)
in center
crosslet
again,
- 0,95to 0.80gm.;d) fiveannulets;
butsmaller
flans
etc.

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152

D. M. METCALF
and "rough"styles- the "smooth"coins mightbe a littleearlier.36
*54-57. Older deniers. 0.85 gm., 0.73 gm., 0.69 gm. (chipped),
0.59 gm.
*58-78. More recent deniers. 1.07 gm., 0.99 gm., 0.98 gm.,
0.94 gm., 0.86 gm., 0.83 gm., (2), 0.82 gm. (2), 0.80 gm. (2),
0.78 gm.,0.76 gm.,0.75 gm.,0.74 gm.,0.73 gm. (2), 0.72 gm.
(2), 0.70 gm.,0.68 gm.
*79-87 Oboles. "Smooth" style (*79-80. 0.48 gm., 0.435 gm.) and
"rough" style (*81-82. 0.50 gm., 0.335 gm.). Indeterminate:
0.49 gm., 0.45 gm., 0.39 gm., 0.38 gm., 0.34 gm.

35Unfortunately
in sucha
ofthecoinsofAngoulme
wererecorded
theweights
coinswithin
a group.
withparticular
waythattheycannotnowalwaysbe associated
been numbered
The illustrations
on Plate XXI have accordingly
54-7,58-78,
andso on.

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XVII

11

15

16

22

21

^W

fc
26^^

2i^&
CRUSADER

FINDS

1 AND

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23

XVIII

^^^4

49

CRUSADER

FINDS

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XIX

^^9^^

^^80^^
CRUSADER

^^^81^^^
FINDS

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XX

86

82

87

90

10

11

12

29

CRUSADER

FINDS

2 AND

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XXI

30

31

32

54-57

54-57

58-78

33

58-78

$
58-78

79-80

CRUSADER

79-80

FINDS

81-82

81-82

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