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Documente Profesional
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PREPARED BY:
SEAQUEST TESTING & CONSULTING
5150 SOUTHWEST 48TH WAY, SUITE 610
FORT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA 33314
5150Southwest48thWay,Suite610,FortLauderdale,Florida33314
Phone:954/7924549,Fax:954/7922221,TollFreePhone:877/2478146,OntheWeb:www.SeaquestTesting.com
AsbestosConsultingBusinessZA304,RadonBusinessRB2184&LeadBasedPaintBusinessFL164181
CERTIFICATION PAGE
FEASIBILITY STUDY, RISK ASSESSMENT,
AND SAFETY PROCEDURES
FOR
CAUSTIC SODA OPERATIONS
PORT OF BAYONNE, NEW JERSEY, UNITED STATES
PORT OF SOUTHAMPTON, UNITED KINGDOM
PREPARED FOR:
MS. JODY MILLER
LEAD, CREW SAFETY PROGRAM
MARITIME SAFETY AND COMPLIANCE
ROYAL CARIBBEAN CRUISES LTD.
1050 CARIBBEAN WAY
MIAMI, FLORIDA 33132
PREPARED BY:
SEAQUEST TESTING & CONSULTING
5150 SOUTHWEST 48TH WAY, SUITE 610
FORT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA 33314
_________________________
TRACI-ANNE BOYLE, CIH, CSP
SENIOR PROJECT MANAGER
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1
INTRODUCTION
1
2
2
3
3
3
5
5
5
14
14
15
15
15
15
20
21
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
4.1 GENERAL
4.2 VESSEL
4.3 PORT
21
21
21
23
23
23
30
iii
TABLES
Table 1 - Summary of Vendor Inquiries, Cape Liberty ...................................................................6
Table 2 - Summary of Contacts, Bayonne .....................................................................................10
Table 3 - Summary of Vendor Inquiries, Southampton .................................................................16
Table 4 - Summary of Contacts, Southampton ..............................................................................18
Table 5 - Summary of Regulations, United States .........................................................................24
Table 6 - Summary of Regulations, United Kingdom ...................................................................28
APPENDICES
Appendix I - Provided Documentation
Appendix II Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet Sodium Hydroxide
Appendix III Preliminary Risk Assessment
Appendix IV Resource CD
iv
1 INTRODUCTION
SeaQuest Testing & Consulting (SeaQuest) conducted a feasibility study, risk assessment and
developed preliminary health and safety protocols for introducing caustic soda into the emission
scrubbing process for vessels scheduled to call on the Ports of Bayonne, New Jersey, United
States and the Port of Southampton, United Kingdom.
The scope of work was developed based upon conversations with Ms. Jody Miller and Mr. Joe
Mujwit of Royal Caribbean Cruises, Ltd (RCCL) and documentation provided to SeaQuest
Senior Project Manager, Ms. Traci-Anne Boyle (see Appendix I). The project consists of
identifying and evaluating the feasibility of vendors to deliver approximately 37,000 gallons of
50% sodium hydroxide to the ports every two (2) weeks. The feasibility study also examined
applicable laws and evaluated the logistics of the material handling. Based upon the feasibility
of the project, a risk assessment was performed and preliminary health and safety protocols were
established for the safe handling of the material.
SeaQuest also developed preliminary health and safety protocols for the safe handling of the
material.
tank failure resulted in a spill of over 460,000 gallons of 50% sodium hydroxide (an unknown
amount of which spilled into the Arthur Kill waterway), resulted in no on-water cleanup.1
Table1SummaryofVendorInquiries,Bayonne
Reference
Harborchem
JonathanMyers
POBox630
Cranford,NJ07016
JLMyers@harborchem.com
p)908/2727070
SeidlerChemicalCompany
FrancisPenkethman
537RaymondBoulevard
Newark,NJ07105
p)973/4651122,Ext111
fran@seidlerchem.com
Information
Approximately9tanktrucks,eachneedingroughly2hourstobunker,eachtruckholdsabout
4,500gallons.Bargedeliveryisalsoapossibility,althoughnotpractical.Transportintotheport
canbeeasilyarrangedwithproperplanning.
MetwithMr.MyersandPresidentofHarborchem,StephenMaybaumonJuly23.Veryinterested
intheproject.Havethemeansandresourcestosupplythematerialifatankwereonsite.Able
andwillingtocomplywithportrequirements.
Atthisscreeninglevel,Harborchemappearstobeasuitablesupplierforthecausticsoda.The
methodofdeliverywiththisvendorwouldbefromtankertrucktoAbovegroundStorageTank
(AST)attheport.
11Fulltanktruckloads(~3,363gallonspertanker)overa3daymaximum.Wouldsourcethe
materialfromIMTTatthePortofBayonne.AbleandwillingtocomplywithNJandPort
regulations.
Atthisscreeninglevel,SeidlerChemicalCompanyappearstobeasuitablesupplierforthecaustic
soda.ThemethodofdeliverywiththisvendorwouldbefromtankertrucktoASTattheport.
Table1SummaryofVendorInquiries,Bayonne
Reference
BrenntagGlobalMarketing,LLC
JohnSamoylo
AccountManager
p)732/6745186
Jsamoylo@brenntag.com
StevenWatts
ProcessImprovementManager
p)4845756497
swatts@brenntag.com
Information
World'slargestdistributorofliquidcausticsodaandoneofthebiggestintheUS.RentsaLCStank
atIMTTPortinBayonne,lessthan3milesfromtheCapeLibertyterminal.Metwithseveral
representativesofBrenntagonJuly23and24th.TookatouroftheirtankoperationsattheIMTT
port.Havethemeansandresourcestosupplythematerialifatankwereonsite.Ableandwilling
tocomplywithportrequirements.Believethatabargedeliveryisnotpossible.Willingtoassist
withtheplansforbuildingthetanksattheport,andprovideddocumentation(seereference
disk).
Estimatecostoftankinstallationaround$150,000.Estimatedcostforproductperdelivery,"The
costassociatedwithdelivering1truckloadoftheCaustic(approximately48,000LBSor12Dry
ShortTons)willbecloseto$350pertruckload[~$3,500total/delivery].Thisincludesallelements
ofthedelivery(labor,fuel,compressor,hoses,etc.)andequatesto$0.0073/LBor$29/DST."This
doesnotincludethecostoftheproduct(currentpricingisapproximately$60,000/37,000gallons)
Atthisscreeninglevel,BrenntagGlobalappearstobeasuitablesupplierforthecausticsoda.
IMTT
JimPapernik
VicePresidentChemicalSales&Marketing
250East22ndStreet
POBox67
Bayonne,NJ07002
www.imtt.com
p)201/3394992
c)908/4478484
jimpapernik@imtt.com
MetwithMr.PapernikonJuly24thwithrepresentativesfromBrenntagGlobal.Hadatourof
theirtankfarm,includingvarioussecurityandsafetyprecautions.Discussedfeasibiltyofrailcar
deliveryanddirectpipelinetotheport.Neitheroptionbelievedfeasibleduetotheproperties
betweentheIMTTandCapeLibertyTerminals.Mr.Papernikdoesnotbelievebargeisanoption
either,sincehethinksthattheNaOHbargesholdhundredsofthousandsofgallonsofNaOHand
wouldnotbewillingtomakedeliveriesofthesmallquantityneededatthefrequencyneeded.
Mr.Papernikidentifiedthatfractanksmaybeatemporarysolutionuntilapermanentsolution
couldbeimplementedattheport.ConcurswithSteveWattsfromBrenntagthat4smallertanks
wouldbebetterthan1bigtankbecauseofthedesignrequirementsforsuchaheavyanddense
liquid.
ItisbelievedthatallofthevendorscontactedwouldbesourcingtheirNaOHfromIMTT.
Table1SummaryofVendorInquiries,Bayonne
Reference
Veckridge(ChemicalDistributor)
TomorBob
p)973/3441818
WhelpleyConstruction
DaveWhelpley
dwhelpley@wescocm.com
p)2023146456
Information
Cangettherequiredquantity;inandoutoftheportalot,sofamiliarwithportregulations.Did
notreturnrepeatedcallsforfollowupinformation.Noadditionalconsiderationofthisvendoris
recommended.
ReferredtoMr.WhelpleybyAnthonyCaputo,RCCLDirectorofNortheastoperations.Mr.
Whelpley'sfirmisthevendorthatiscurrentlyinthepermittingprocessfortheupgradestothe
Bayonneterminal.Mr.WhelpleyindicatedthatpermittingwiththePortAuthorityisparticularly
onerousandcanbeverytimeconsuming(monthsyears).Heindicatedthatifthestoragetanks
wereanoption,perhapstheycouldbecombinedwiththeterminalimprovementpermittingthat
hehasunderwaytoshortenthetimeline.
KuehneChemical
KenCorolla
kdcarola@kuehnecompany.com
p)7329951144
www.kuehnecompany.com
ReferredtoMr.CarolafromRCCLscurrentbargesuppliers(RayBaldwinwithHarborPetroluem
andRalphDucawithCleanWatersNY)aswellasFranPenkethmanwithSeidlerChemical
Companyforpossiblebargedelivery.SpokewithMr.Carolawhoindicatesthatthisispossibleby
bargebecauseKuehnebothmanufacturescausticandownsitsowncausticbarge.
Mr.CarolaindicatesthatKuehnewouldneedanadvancedscheduleforproperplanning.They
estimatethatthecostper37,000gallondeliverytobeapproximately$15,000/load.Thisdoesnot
includethecostoftheproduct(currentpricingisapproximately$60,000/37,000gallons).
Atthisscreeninglevel,KuehneChemicalappearstoasuitablesupplierforthecausticsoda.They
woulddeliverthematerialbybargetotheship.
Table1SummaryofVendorInquiries,Bayonne
Reference
Ken'sMarineService,Inc.
PatGarrison
SpillSupervisor
11620East22ndStreet
Bayonne,NJ07002
p)201/3390673
c)201/8001409
pat@kensmarine.net
Information
ReferredtoKen'sMarineServicebyAnthonyCaputo,RCCLDirectorofNortheastoperations.Met
withMr.GarrisononJuly24th.Mr.Garrisonprovidedalotofinformationonthesafedesignof
bunkeringthematerialfromabarge.Specifically,sourceflexiblehosingthatmoveswiththeship,
useauniversalconnection(camlock),donothavetheconnectionsoverwater,supportthehose
in3placesusingaboomcrane,andhave3shutoffsinplace.Ensurecontainmentatthebarge
andontheship.
Mr.Garrisonalsodiscussedthehazardsofusingdrypowder.Themostsignificanthazardisadust
explosionandrapidreactionproducingheat.Therewillbeblendingissuesevenwithcirculators
andagitators.
Mr.Garrisondiscussedthatifatankwasinstalledattheport,he'drecommendthatitbe
containedwithinaheatedbuilding.Thebuildingwouldprovideprotectionintheeventofatank
failure,itwouldkeepthepumpsprotectedandthefittingsprotected(whicharetheweaknesses
andmostlikelyplacesforafailuretooccur).
Heiswillingtoassistwiththepreparationoftheneededspillpreventionplan.Ken'sMarineisa
suitablevendortoprovideemergencyresponseservicesintheeventofaspill.
Table2SummaryofContacts,Bayonne
Reference
Information
GeorgeWojnar
PortAuthorityNYNJ
p)973/5782157
gwojnar@panynj.gov
Veryhelpfulcontactforgeneralquestions;willpointyouintherightdirectionwhenneeded.
KimNguyen
PortAuthorityNYNJ
p)973/5782155
knguyen@panynj.gov
RCCLneedstofilloutandsubmittheproperpaperwork(TAAMWA)andtosendtheengineerthat
willbedesigningthetankstomeetwithheraswellasotherNYNJPortofficials.Contactherto
schedule.
ForanytenantstoproposeanyworkonthePortAuthoritysleasedproperty,thePAsTenant
ConstructionandAlterationProcess(TCAP)requiresthefollowings:
1. SubmittheformTAAMWAPh101(attached),togetherwithacoverletter,fromthetenant
(RoyalCaribbean) totheNJMTGeneralManager,Mr.ThomasF.Clyne,describingtheproposed
work,togetherwithsomedrawingsandlocationplan.TheformPh101needstobesignedbythe
Tenant(RoyalCaribbean)anddated.Alltheform,coverletteranddrawingscouldbescannedand
emailedtomeattheaboveemailaddress.
2. Iwillforwardthetenantsemail,coverletteranddrawingstothePAsEngineeringdepartment
fortheirdecisionofwhetherthisisaTAAoraMWA.
3. OnceitisdeterminedtobeaTAA,RoyalCaribbean,thetenant,willneedtohireanArchitector
EngineerofRecords(A/EOR)whoislicensedtopracticeinthestateofNJandNJMTTAAProgram
officewillscheduleakickoffmeetingbetweenthetenant,itsEngineerofRecordsandits
Contractor."
InaphoneconversationwithMs.Nguyen,shecouldnotestimateonhowlongthepermitprocess
wouldtake.Shesaiditdependeduponthethoroughnessoftheapplication.Seereferencediskfor
additionalformsandinstructions.
10
Table2SummaryofContacts,Bayonne
Reference
Information
JeffreySterling
Supervisor
DEPHazardousWasteEnforcement
NorthernRegionFieldOffice
p)973/6564498
BobGomez
NewJerseyDEP
p)609/2923837
ProvidedBobGomez'sContactinformation
GarySobin
DEPDischargePrevention
p)609/2922482
Anyhazardouschemicalinamountsgreaterthan20,000gallonsrequiresaDPCCDCR(Discharge
PreventionContainmentandCountermeasureandDischargeCleanupandRemoval)
NoDEPregulationspertainingtothetransportofsodiumhydroxide;contactDischargePrevention
ProgramwithintheDEP
Anysmallercontainmentsatthesiteoftheholdingtankswillalsobeincludedinthe20,000gallons.
Thereareunloadingarearequirements.
PriitPals
NJAC7:1E2.3"Alltankcarortanktruckloadingorunloadingareasemployedintheloadingor
DEPDischargePrevention
unloadingofhazardoussubstancesshallbeequippedwithsecondarycontainmentoradiversion
p)609/6331152
system,designedandbuiltpursuanttoN.J.A.C.7:1E2.6"
SeeReferenceCDformoreinformation.
Plansfortheholdingtanksneedtobesubmitted180dayspriortooperation.EmailMs.Reddytobe
BethReddy
DEPEngineerwithDischargePrevention& assignedaNJDEPprojectmanagerassoonaswanted.
PermitCoordination
beth.reddy@dep.state.nj.us
USCoastGuardCruiseShipNationalCenter Becausethesodiumhydroxideonboardtheshipisnotcargoandisaconsumable,thereareno
ofExpertise
regulationsthatspecificallypertaintohavingitonboard.
p)954/7672140
Lt.MikeMetz
AnyfurtherquestionsthatmaycomeupshouldbehandledwithLt.MikeMetz.
p)954/7672140ext.1005
Lt.Com.KeithHanley
p)6172238541
11
Table2SummaryofContacts,Bayonne
Reference
Information
ReferredtoDeputyChiefKeithWeaveroftheBayonneFireDepartment.
BayonnePoliceDepartment
http://www.bayonnenj.org/government/de
partmentofpublicsafety/bayonnepolice
department/
SargeantJimAshe
201/8585642
BayonneFireDepartment
DeputyChiefKeithWeaver
201/8586009
FireOfficialChristopherCzuba
201/8586024
foczuba@gmail.com
ChiefWeaverisalsothecity'sEmergencyManagementcontact.ReferredtotheFireOfficial,
ChristopherCzuba.
Mr.Czubaisworkingtoidentifyifanyadditionalrequirementswillapplyfromthefiredepartment.
Theresultsoftheinquirywillbeforwardeduponreceipt.
ReferredtothePortAuthorityPoliceDepartment.
NewYorkCityPoliceDepartment
Precinct1
p)212/3340611
http://www.nyc.gov/html/nypd/html/precin
ct_maps/precinct_finder.shtml
PortAuthorityPoliceDepartment
http://www.panynj.gov/police/
p)800/8287273
SargaentD'Amato
Charles"Chuck"King
cking@panynynj.gov
p)973/5782158
SargaentD'Amatodoesnotbelievethisisapolicedepartmentmatter,butreferredustoMr.King.
Mr.KingindicatedthatthePortAuthorityPoliceDepartmentwillreviewtheapplicationthatis
submittedtothePortAuthorityaspartoftheTAAprocess(seeReferenceDisk).
12
Table2SummaryofContacts,Bayonne
Reference
Information
OfficerMurphyreturnedavoicemailleftforChiefHeacock.Heindicatedthatsincewearenot
CustomsandBorderProtection
http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/toolbox/conta importingthecausticsoda,CustomsandBorderProtectionwouldnotbeinvolved.
cts/ports/nj/4601.xml
p)201/4430408
OfficerMurphy
WaterfrontCommission
PoliceHeadquarters
CarolLaurens
p)212/7429280
RepeatedphonemessagesinJulywerenotreturned.
NationalTransportationSafetyBoard
OfficeofMarineSafety
BillCurtis
p)2023146456
TheNTSBhasnoauthorityoverthesemattersastheyareaninvestigationagency.Iftherewasan
incident,theymaybecalledupontoinvestigateit.
13
14
3.2 SOUTHAMPTON
The results of inquiries into vendors for Southampton are provided in Table 3. Based upon the
research and interviews conducted (see Table 4), it appears that an onsite storage tank will be
required at this port, unless a supplier can be identified that can deliver the material by barge.
Table3SummaryofVendorInquiries,Southampton
Reference
Aquachem
OfficeK/RedwitherBusinessCentre
WrexhamLL139XR
01978664077
watertreatmentwaste.co.uk
Contact:
JohnHolt
Chemtek
OrbisEnergy
WildeStreet
Lowestoft
SuffolkNR331XH
Tel:08451543330
Fax:01502539064
Email:sales@chemtek.co.uk
ReAgentChemicals
08009903258
enquiries@reagent.co.uk
AltransLiquidsLtd
SheephouseFarm,UleyRoad
Gloucestershire,FL115AD
England
Ph:01453544940
Email:info@altransliquids.co.uk
Web:www.altransliquids.co.uk
Information
Believedthatdeliveryandtransferdirectlytotheshiptanksbyroadtankerswouldbethebest
method.Originallystatedtheycansupplythequantity,frequencyandmixrequired.However,
subsequently,theywithdrewfromconsideration.Noadditionalconsiderationofthisvendoris
recommended.
Believedthatdeliveryandtransferdirectlytotheshiptanksbyroadtankerswouldbethebest
method.Statedtheycansupplythequantity,frequencyandmixrequired.However,nofurther
contactuponaskingforcredentials.Noadditionalconsiderationofthisvendorisrecommended.
Althoughinitiallytheyappearedinterested,theycannotsupplythequantitiesneeded.Noadditional
considerationofthisvendorisrecommended.
Believesfeasiblewithonsitestoragetank.Veryhelpfulandinterestedintheproject.Statetheycan
supplythequantity,frequencyandmixrequired.Securityandportpermissionsneedtobeverified
fortankeraccess.Estimatedcostsatthistime:0.34perlitre(222.71pertonne).
Atthisscreeninglevel,AltransLiquidsappearstobeasuitablesupplierforthecausticsoda.
Contact:
AnthonyMillard
16
Table3SummaryofVendorInquiries,Southampton
Reference
PBHChemicals
FacilityServices
323WoodsideWay
SpringvaleIndustrialEstate
CwmbranNP445BR
PaulHughes
Ph:07988071248
Email:phughes106@aol.com
SimonHughes
Ph:07540625135
NickHughes
Ph:07734440268
Information
Believesfeasiblewithonsitestoragetank.Statetheycansupplythequantity,frequencyandmix
required.AlsoabletosupplyNaOHinpowderformixingonsite.Securityandportpermissionsneed
tobeverifiedfortankeraccess.
WhittakerTankersBargeCompany
SouthamptonDocks
Ph:02380339989
Mrs.AmyBowd
SalesCoordinator
amy@tuffa.co.uk
http://www.tuffa.co.uk
Tel:+44(0)1889567700
Fax:+44(0)1889567600
Onlyabletodeliveroil.
Atthisscreeninglevel,PBHChemicalsappearstobeasuitablesupplierforthecausticsoda.
Tuffahasprebuilt,preheatedandbundledtankssuitableandavailable.
17
Table4SummaryofContacts,Southampton
Reference
AssociatedBritishPorts(ABP)
OceanGateAtlanticWay
SouthamptonSO143QN
Tel:02380488692
www.abports.co.uk
Information
Formsandrequirementsfortheuseandtransportationofsodiumhydroxidecanbefoundonthe
websiteathttp://www.southamptonvts.co.uk/yachting_and_leisure/notices_to_mariners/
Inparticular,No24of2011(BuilkLiquidsTransferRequestForm),No19of2011(DangerousSubstances
inHarbourArea)andNo10of2011(MarineSafetyManagementSystems)areapplicableandare
includedintheResourceCE.
ABPPortHealthandSafetyAdvisor
ChristopherTurner
cturner@abports.co.uk
ABPHealthandSafetyManager
DavidFox
ABPPortSecurityOfficer
PaulWoods
ABPPortAgent
SteveHeagren
Notparticularlyhelpfulintelephoneoremaildiscussions.
ABPPerryDack
CruisePassengerServicesManager
DocksideHandling
EnvironmentAgency
RomseyDepot
BillScott
EnvironmentalEnforcementOfficer
Ph:03708506506
www.environmentagency.gov.uk/conta
ctus/default.aspx
MaritimeandCoastguardAgencyJohn
Simpson
http://www.dft.gov.uk/mca/
Ph:02380329100
EmailedJune9thandseveralfollowuptelephonecallswerenotreturned.
MetwithMr.WoodsonJune28thinrelationtopotentialforstoragetanktobeerectedattheport.
RCCLwillhavetoapproachABPdirectlytodiscuss,butitispossible.
MetwithMr.HeagrenonJune8th.Veryhelpfulwithhealth,safetyandsecuritymatters.Escorted
duringtheportvisitandprovidedpaperwork,proceduresandsecurityrequirementsforvendors.
MetwithMr.DackonJune28th.HereferredustospeakwithPaulWood,PortSecurity,ABP.
NoconcernsaslongastheNaOHisnotdumpedatseaandanyspillagecontainedandproperly
managed.
Noconcernsprovidingthatportarrangementsareadheredto.
18
Table4SummaryofContacts,Southampton
Reference
BethEvans|Sales&Marketing
Manager|AssociatedBritishPorts
OceanGate|AtlanticWay|
Southampton|SO143QN
Tel:02380488844|Mob:
07730047048|www.abports.co.uk|
www.abparking.co.uk
Information
Ms.EvansindicatedthatpermissionfromABPwouldberequiredtoestablishanabovegroundtankat
thesiteforRoyalCaribbean'suse.SheindicatedthatthefirststepwouldbetocontacttheCityTerminal
Manager,TomDynes(tdynes@abports.co.uk).AfterMr.Dynesunderstandstherequirements,and
determinessuitablespaceisavailable,theycanprovideadditionalinformatononthepermitting
requirementsandcosts.
19
Only regulatory requirements include safe handling procedures and spill response
responsibilities.
Challenges with barge delivery include:
Coordination between fuel barge and caustic barge.
A supplier has not been identified in Southampton that is capable of providing the
material by barge.
20
4 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
While there are numerous design considerations that are outside the scope of this investigation,
several were identified that are presented below.
4.1 GENERAL
Based upon information gathered during this investigation, all design considerations must take
into account the temperature at which the material will freeze, approximately 58F (14C). All
storage (storage tanks on board the ship or at the port), transfer equipment, and transportation
equipment must be heated to prevent freezing throughout most of the year at both ports.
In accordance with the specifications prepared by Meyer Werft and supplied by RCCL:
Any part of tank or tank fittings which may come in to contact with caustic soda should
not contain the following metals or alloys: aluminum, magnesium, zinc, brass, and
tantalum. Caustic soda corrodes these metals and the reaction may generate flammable
hydrogen gas. Particularly reaction with aluminum is vigorous. Long term exposure to
caustic soda can deteriorate materials containing silica, e.g. glass. It is recommended to
check suppliers compatibility information regarding gaskets for manholes and flanged
tank fittings. Typically PTFE or EPDM should be used. Viton is not suitable as gasket or
sealing material.
Finally, any areas where the material is transferred must have immediate access to a safety
shower and eye wash station.
4.2 VESSEL
Given the various types of activities that occur while the ships are in port, the ideal location of
connections for bunkering the caustic soda will vary depending upon the type of transfer (either
by barge or aboveground storage tank). Connections that are at the extreme ends of the vessel
may require heated pipe runs over long distances if the above ground storage tanks are at
opposite ends of the vessel. Furthermore, regardless of the transfer method, connections will
have to be accessible on both the port and starboard side to enable connections to the ship
regardless of how it is docked.
It is recommended that one (1) or more Chief Engineers review the plan layout for additional
considerations. For instance, the Chief Engineer aboard the Independence of the Seas noted that
in the event of a leak, the sodium hydroxide could destroy the integrity of equipment within the
hull, such as electricity cabling. Also, the Chief expressed concerns that wind direction may
potentially direct fumes in the direction of passengers.
The design should include a plan for routine maintenance to inspect all tanks, piping, fittings and
connections associated with the handling, storage and use of the caustic soda.
4.3 PORT
In the event that aboveground storage tanks are used, the design and location of the tanks will
have to account for access for tanker trucks within a contained system. The footprint of the tanks
would be minimized if one (1) storage tank were used. However, given the density of the
21
material, it was recommended that four (4) smaller tanks would be preferable. Consideration to
housing the tanks within a building should be evaluated to determine if it would be preferable
over an extended period of time (reduction on wear and tear of the tank, piping and fittings
exposed to the elements). The location of the tanks will have to be made with approval from the
port owners and managers.
Additionally, the design should account for passenger visibility, passenger proximity, as well as
a permanent boom crane system to support the hose during bunkering operations.
The design should include a plan for routine maintenance to inspect all tanks, piping, fittings and
connections associated with the handling, storage and use of the caustic soda.
22
23
Table5SummaryofRegulations,UnitedStates
Reference
Information
OSHA29CFR1910.132& ProtectiveEquipment,includingpersonalprotectiveequipmentforeyes,face,head,andextremities,
TheChlorineInstitute'sPamphlet65
protectiveclothing,respiratorydevices,andprotectiveshieldsandbarriers,shallbeprovided,used,
GeneralPPERequirementsforCausticSoda andmaintainedforthoseworkingwithandaroundtheSodiumHydroxide.
AllPPEequipmentshouldbechemicalresistantinthefollowingconditions:1050%NaOHSolution
withanambienttemperaturenogreaterthan120degreesFahrenheit.
InitialLineBreak:Head,Neck,Face,Eyes,Hands,BodyandFeet
MaterialSampling:Face,EyesandHands
Loading(employeeisawayfromloadingconnection):Head,Face,EyesandHands
OpenDomeNoProductFlow:Eyes
SodiumHydroxideiscolorlessandodorlessandcausessevereirritationwhenitcomesincontactwith
humantissue.Itcanrapidlycausedamagetotheeyesandskinaswellaswheninhaledoringested.
Extremecautionmustbeexercisedwhenworkingwiththischemical.
OSHA29CFR1910.262(oo)
HandlingCausticSoda
Meansshallbeprovidedforhandlingandemptyingcausticsodaandcausticpotashcontainersto
preventworkersfromcomingincontactwiththecaustic.
1910.5(c)(1) statesthatifastandardisspecificallyapplicabletoacondition,practice,means,method,
operation,orprocess,itshallprevailoveranydifferentgeneralstandardwhichmightotherwisebe
applicable;therefore,29CFR1910.262(oo)prevailsovermoregeneralregulationsthatmay
counteractit.
ProperPPEandotherappropriateequipmentisrequiredtobeprovidedtoemployeesworkingwith
theSodiumHydroxide.
OSHA29CFR1910.262(ll)
ShutoffValvesforOpenTanks&Vats
Emergencyshutoffvalvesforholdingtanksmustbelocatedatadistancewhicheliminatesriskof
comingincontactwiththecausticsodaintheeventofasplash,etc.
ValvesshallconformtotheASMEPressureVesselCode,SectionVIII,unfiredpressurevessels.
24
Table5SummaryofRegulations,UnitedStates
Reference
OSHA291910.20
HazardousWasteOperationsand
EmergencyResponse
Information
Itisrequiredtoeitherhireacompanywithproperlytrainedpersonneltobeoncallortrain
appropriateemployeesin40hourHAZWOPER,inthecasethatthereisanemergency.
Thissectioncoversthecleanupoperationsatuncontrolledhazmatwastesites,emergencyresponse
operationsandaguidelinesforawrittenhealthandsafetyprogram.
~Thewrittenhealthandsafetyprogrammustincludebutisnotlimitedto:organizational
structure,acomprehensiveworkplan,sitespecificsafetyandhealthplan,safetyand
healthtrainingprogram,medicalsurveillanceprogramandstandardoperatingprocedures
forsafetyandhealthinvolvinghazardousmaterials.
OSHA291910.1200
HazardCommunication
Ensuresthatthehazardsofcausticsodaisevaluated,andthatinformationconcerningthehazardsis
transmittedtoemployersandtheemployeesofRCCLthatwillbeworkingwiththehazardous
material.
RelevanthazardcommunicationshouldbeaddedtoRCCL'sexistinghazardcommunication
documents.
EPA40CFR302.4
HazardousSubstances&Reportable
Quantities
ThereportablequantityforSodiumHydroxideis1,000poundswherea50%solutionofNaOH
containsapproximately6.4poundsperUSGallon.
Spillsinexcessofapproximately156gallonsarewillrequirereportingtotheNationalResponse
CenterandtheUSCoastGuard.
EPA40CFR300
NationalOilandHazardousSubstances
PollutionContingencyPlan:
SubpartEHazardousSubstanceResponse
Theorganizationalstructureandproceduresforpreparingforandrespondingtodischargesofoiland
releasesofhazardoussubstances,pollutantsandcontaminants.
Whenspillsinexcessof156gallonsoccur,RCCListofollowtheseguidelinesforproperresponse.
25
Table5SummaryofRegulations,UnitedStates
Reference
46CFRPart147SubpartA
HazardousShips'Stores
33CFRPart153
ControlofPollutionbyOilandHazardous
Substances,DischargeRemoval
49CFR171.15
Immediatenoticeofcertainhazardous
materialsincidents
Information
TheSodiumHydroxidemustbelabeledwiththetechnical/propershippingname,manufacturer'sor
supplier'snameandaddress,hazardclassification(8corrosivematerial),stepbystepproceduresfor
properuse,firstaidinstructionsandthestowageandsegregationguidelines.
Theholdingtanksattheportandonboardtheshipmustbeappropriatelyandthoroughlylabeledin
accordancewiththisregulation.
ThepurposeofthispartistoprescriberegulationsconcerningnotificationtotheCoastGuardofthe
dischargeofoilorhazardoussubstancesasrequiredbytheFederalWaterPollutionsControlAct,as
amended(FWPCA);theproceduresfortheremovalofadischargeofoil;andthecoststhatmaybe
imposedorreimbursedfortheremovalofadischargeofoilorhazardoussubstancesunderthe
FWPCA.
Intheeventofaspill,RCCLshouldrefertothissectionformanagementandcleanup.
Intheeventofaspillofthereportablequantityormore,theNationalResponseCentermustbe
notifiedwithin12hours.
(ReportablequantityforNaOH:1,000lbs.or156.25gallons)
49CFR171.16
Detailedhazardousmaterialsincident
reports
EachpersoninvolvedinthetransportoftheSodiumHydroxidemustsubmitaHazardousMaterials
IncidentReporttotheUSDOTPipelineandHazardousMaterialsSafetyAdministration,intheeventof
anincident.
49CFR172.101
Purposeanduseofhazardousmaterials
table
Thetabledesignatesthematerialslistedthereinashazardousforthepurposeoftransportation.The
tableidentifiesthehazardclassandidentificationnumber.
SodiumHydroxide:
HazardClass8
IdentificationNumberUN1824
26
Table5SummaryofRegulations,UnitedStates
Reference
Information
NJAC7:1E Thischaptercoversthedischargeofhazardoussubstances;includingSodiumHydroxide,forthestate
NJDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtectionofNewJersey.Theserulessetforthguidelinesandprocedurestobefollowedbyallpersonsinthe
GeneralProvisions
eventofahazardoussubstancerelease.Theyalsosetforthcertainregistrations,reporting,design,
operations,andmaintenancerequirementsforownersandoperatorsofmajorfacilitieswhichhandle
hazardoussubstances.
ThisNewJerseyStatuteshouldbereviewedbyallpersonnelinvolvedinworkingwiththeholding
tanksattheportaswellasonboardtheship.
NJAC7:1E1.8
EnvironmentallySensitiveAreas
NJAC7:12
PreventionandControlofDischargesat
MajorFacilities
NJAC7:26E
TechnicalRequirementsforSiteRemediation
ForthepurposesofdesigningandimplementingaDPCCandaDCRplan,theportofBayonneareais
anenvironmentallysensitivearea.
Itisimportanttoreviewthissectionindesigningsiteplans.
Therulesthatareapplicabletotheownersoroperatorsofmajorfacilitiesstoring,transferring,
processingorusinghazardousmaterials.ThisNewJerseystatuteshouldbethoroughlyreviewedas
partoftheholdingtankdesignprocess,ifimplemented.
Thischapterconstitutestheminimumtechnicalrequirementstoinvestigateandremediate
contaminationatanysite.
Anypersonconductingremediationshallcomplywiththischapterandallguidancefoundonthe
NewJerseyDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtectionwebsite.
27
Table6SummaryofRegulations,UnitedKingdom
Reference
Information
DangerousSubstancesDirective(67/548/EEC)
TheseDirectiveshavebeenimplementedintheUKastheChemicals(HazardInformationandPackaging)for
DangerousPreparationsDirective(1999/45/EEC) SupplyRegulations2009(CHIP[2][3]).TheCHIPRegulationswillbefullyrepealedin2015
(http://www.hse.gov.uk/ghs/backgrnd.htm).
NewEuropeanlegislationderivedfromEUGHS (EC)No1272/2008(200920157yrtransperiod)CLPeffectoncompanies.
Classification,LabellingandPackagingof
SubstancesandMixtures2009(CLPRegulations) Ifyouareasupplierofchemicals,youmustclassify,labelandpackageyoursubstancesandmixturesin
accordancewiththeCLPRegulation.Yourobligationsdependuponyourroleinthesupplychain.Suppliers
mayhaveoneormoreoftheseroles:Manufacturersofsubstancesormixtures,Importerofsubstancesor
mixtures,Producerofspecificarticles,Downstreamuser(includingformulatorandreimporter),Distributor
(includingretailer).
Ifyouplaceahazardoussubstanceonthemarket,youmustnotifyECHAofitsclassificationandlabellingwithin
onemonthofplacingthesubstanceonthemarketforthefirsttime.
Forimporters,theonemonthiscountedfromthedaywhenasubstance,onitsownorcontainedinamixture,is
physicallyintroducedinthecustomsterritoryoftheEU.(http://echa.europa.eu/regulations/clp/clpseffecton
companies)
Guidancelinkhttp://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13562/clp_introductory_en.pdf
Registration,Evaluation,Authorisationand
RestrictionofChemicals2007(Reach)
ControlofSubstancesHazardoustoHealth
(COSHH)2002
ReachifasupplierisimportingcausticfromoutsideEUtheywillneedtoregisterwithReach.Iftheyare
manufacturingwithinEUandallingredientsarepurchasedfromwithinEUtheydonothavetoregisterwith
REACH.However,ifaningredientispurchasedfromoutsideEUthentheywillneedtoregister.Registerdatefor
quantities>100tonneshouldberegisteredbeforeJune2013.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/reach/resources/basics.pdf
WorksalongsideREACHregulations.RequiressubstancestohaveMSDSsheetsandRiskAssessmentsforstorage
anduse.Mustprovideinformation,instructionandtraining,andhealthsurveillance.
28
Table6SummaryofRegulations,UnitedKingdom
Reference
EuropeanAgreementconcerningthe
InternationalCarriageofDangerousGoodsby
Road.
Information
ADRisanagreementbetweenstatesinEU.ADRapplicableasfrom1January2011.(unece.org)
ADRlinkhttp://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/danger/publi/adr/adr2011/
AccordEuropeanRelatifauTransport
http://www.hse.gov.uk/cdg/regs.htm
InternationaldesMarchandisesDangereusespar
Route1967
(ADRAgreement)
UnitedNationsEconomicCommissionfor
Europe(UN/ECE)
CarriageofDangerousGoodsandUseof
Cameintoforceon1July2009.Theyreplacethe2007regulations.ImplementedthroughADR.
TransportablePressureEquipmentRegulations http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2009/1348/contents/made
2009CDG2009
HealthandSafetyExecutiveSI2009No1348
Classification,LabellingandPackagingof
SubstancesandMixtures2009(CLP)
TheCHIPRegulationswillbefullyrepealedin2015andreplacedwithCLP2009.
(http://www.hse.gov.uk/ghs/backgrnd.htm)
29
30
APPENDIX I
PROVIDED DOCUMENTATION
1.1.1.1.1
BGN
774
774
774
774
774
Sheet
M
M
M
M
M
Person in charge:
Kostilew
Owner:
Vessel:
BGN:
DEPT.
NO:
Phone:
+49(0)4961 81-4772
RCL
S.697
774
1000
anatol.kostilew@meyerwerft.de
Date:
18.04.2013
1100
1200
1300
1001
1002
General Description
Material and Piping Standards
Monitoring and Alarms via the IAMCS
NaOH 50 % Bunkering, transfer and feed System
NaOH 50 % Bunkering, symboltable and details
Sheet
Description
2.1.1.1.1
BGN
774
1100
General Description
774
1200
774
1300
774
1001
774
1002
No.
Drawing No.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
752 V 1000
753 V 1000
721 V 1000
724 M 2000
711 M 2004
Service air
Control air
Technical water
Boiler Wash and Exhaust Gas Cleaning
LT Circle
MWS 0.7--.071
MWS 0.7--.017
List of Alterations
Kind of Alteration
No.
Date
Name
Tel. No.
FG
18.04.2013
Kostilew
4772
100 %
18.04.2013
Kostilew
4772
100 %
18.04.2013
Kostilew
4772
100 %
18.04.2013
Kostilew
4772
100 %
18.04.2013
Kostilew
4772
100 %
Name
2.1.1.1.2
Labels
Plotdate: 23.04.2013
Alt.
System:
Armatures
Date
Person in charge:
Kostilew
Owner:
Vessel:
BGN:
DEPT.
NO:
Phone:
+49(0)4961 81-4772
RCL
S.697
774
1100
daniel.jamaer@meyerwerft.de
Date:
18.04.2013
System:
Alt.
A
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
1.
1.1 Specification
Technical Specification SOx Scrubber System Rev. K
3.
19,3 m/h
180kW
NT50M CDS-10
1.2 AOMs
3.2 NAOH STORAGE TK HEAT TRANSFER PUMP
AOM_011
1.3 AOSs
AOS_059 (NOS 05899)
2.
2.1
Classification
Class: Det Norske Veritas
+ 1 A1 Passenger Ship
ECO, F-M, COMF-V (1)
FUEL (380 cSt, 1010 Kg/m,0C), LCS-DC, BIS
EO, NAUT-AW, CLEAN DESIGN
2.2
Regulations
The following rules and regulations apply:
x Newbuilding Specification RCL P09140-C1, Chapter: G3.3 Rules and Regulations, dated 31 March
2011
x General Electrical Requirements S.697 Rev.A, dated 09.02.2012
x Ship flag:
Bahamas (Germany before ship delivery)
x Ship classification: DNV
x DNV:
Vibration class Pt.6 Ch.15 Sec.2, Tables: C9, C10 and C14. The first of each
type of scrubber component will be measured at factory acceptance test.
x IMO:
Marpol Annex VI, especially Exhaust Gas Cleaning System Guidelines, IMO
resolution MEPC.184(59), Scheme B.
x EU:
Sulphur directive 2005/33/EC
If any interpretation of class or Marpol rules is needed, they should be clarified as early as possible.
Plotdate: 23.04.2013
Capacity:
Pressure:
20 m/h
3,0 bar
SFN 51A G
reflex 25D
10,0 m/h
Type:
Texel MES-050
3,0 m/h
Type:
Capacity:
Pressure:
100 l/h
Type:
LK-F47VS
Person in charge:
Kostilew
Owner:
Vessel:
BGN:
DEPT.
NO:
Phone:
+49(0)4961 81-4772
RCL
S.697
774
1100
daniel.jamaer@meyerwerft.de
Date:
18.04.2013
0,8 MPa
JLM Number: 527.4230
Maker:
IWAKI PUMPS
The alkali dosing pump is used for pumping the alkali from the alkali storage tank to bleed-off
buffer tank to keep the pH in the bleed-off buffer tank above 4pH.
3.7 ALKALI FEED MODULE 2 (15N04/1 and 15N04/2)
Alkali feed module consists of two pumps. In normal operating conditions one pump is in operation
and the other pump in stand-by. The complete module includes also valves, sensors and filters. To
prevent any splashes in case of leakages the module is equipped with doors and drip tray.
Pressure:
28,4 meters (Caustic Soda)
JLM Number: 527.4220
527.4210
Maker:
Metso
Type:
0.55kW Motor
Steel Frame: AISI316L or equivalent Piping:
Dry weight: 200 kg
Weight in operation: 300 kg
3.8 Tank outlet valves
See automation chapter 2.1
3.9 Tank instruments
Alkali tank filling line should be led below the minimum service level and should be provided with
vacuum breaker hole at the upper end where anti siphon effect may occur. Piping should be sloped
downwards without pockets. It is recommendation to use seal paste for pipe fillers. Filling pipe
material recommendation is AISI 316L or black steel DIN 2448.
Transport trucks are provided with several different connection types depending on supplier and
country. Adapters may be required. After bunkering the transport trucks delivery hose and the
filling line are to be cleaned with compressed air and flushed with water. Also the tanks in the truck
are to be cleaned with water. Therefore compressed air and water connections should be located
near to bunkering stations.
Caustic soda storage tank should be provided with the following alarms:
Temperature high (set point 50C)
Temperature low (set point 20C)
Level low (e.g. 30%)
Level high (e.g. 85%)
Instead of sounding pipe an approved type local hydrostatic level indicator can be used, note that
devices need to be calibrated for caustic soda density.
3.10 Storage tank NaOH
The tank is divided into 3 compartments plus one overflow compartment to be able to handle even
Plotdate: 23.04.2013
System:
Alt.
A
Person in charge:
Kostilew
Owner:
Vessel:
BGN:
DEPT.
NO:
Phone:
+49(0)4961 81-4772
RCL
S.697
774
1100
daniel.jamaer@meyerwerft.de
Date:
18.04.2013
NOTE!
Any part of tank or tank fittings which may come in to contact with caustic soda should not
contain the following metals or alloys: aluminium, magnesium, zinc, brass, and tantalum. Caustic
soda corrodes these metals and the reaction may generate flammable hydrogen gas. Particularly
reaction with aluminium is vigorous. Long term exposure to caustic soda can deteriorate materials containing silica e.g. glass. It is recommended to check suppliers compatibility information
regarding gaskets for manholes and flanged tank fittings. Typically PTFE or EPDM should be
used. Viton is not suitable as gasket or sealing material.
System:
5.
CLASS NOTATION
5.1
5.2
Alkali feed module shutdown is connected to the emergency stop. The module is equipped with
drip tray. The drip tray triggers an alarm in case of leakage (LS501at 527.4210 and LS502 at
527.4220)
4.3
5.3
4.2
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
E0 Part 6, Chapter 3
EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEM NOTATION UNATTENDED MACHINERY SPACE
Does not apply for this system.
5.8
5.9
Alt.
A
6.
Person in charge:
Kostilew
Owner:
Vessel:
BGN:
DEPT.
NO:
Phone:
+49(0)4961 81-4772
RCL
S.697
774
1100
daniel.jamaer@meyerwerft.de
Date:
18.04.2013
CALCULATIONS
The pumps and heat exchangers for propulsion are designed according to information of supplier for
tropical conditions. The following operating data are based on:
Value
Ambient temperatures:
+ 45 C
- 7 C, 36 h in harbour
max.
+ 35 C
Seawater
Sea water: min.
0 C
max.
+ 32 C
+ 32 C
+ 48 C
Tank Name
NaOH Overflow TK 12S
NaOH Store TK 12S-1
NaOH Store TK 12S-2
NaOH Store TK 12S-3
Sum. Store TKs
Heat requirement
5,1 kW
51,5 kW
57,0 kW
47,4 kW
161 kW
Q
m
*
1,16 * /t h
Medium
7.
Heat [kW]
V [m/h]
P [bar]
T in [C]
T out [C]
LT fresh w. (hot)
180
22,0
4,0
39,0
32,0
180
19,3
4,0
20,0
28,0
Plotdate: 23.04.2013
With regard to Safe Return to Port regulations, the following systems can to be treated:
There are no special regulations because the cleaning system isnt essential for propulsions.
General data
System:
Alt.
A
Plotdate: 23.04.2013
Person in charge:
Kostilew
Owner:
Vessel:
BGN:
DEPT.
NO:
Phone:
+49(0)4961 81-4772
RCL
S.697
774
1200
daniel.jamaer@meyerwerft.de
Date:
18.04.2013
System:
Alt.
A
Plotdate: 23.04.2013
Person in charge:
Kostilew
Owner:
Vessel:
BGN:
DEPT.
NO:
Phone:
+49(0)4961 81-4772
RCL
S.697
774
1200
daniel.jamaer@meyerwerft.de
Date:
18.04.2013
System:
Alt.
A
Plotdate: 23.04.2013
Person in charge:
Kostilew
Owner:
Vessel:
BGN:
DEPT.
NO:
Phone:
+49(0)4961 81-4772
RCL
S.697
774
1200
daniel.jamaer@meyerwerft.de
Date:
18.04.2013
System:
Alt.
A
Plotdate: 23.04.2013
Person in charge:
Kostlew
Owner:
Vessel:
BGN:
DEPT.
NO:
Phone:
+49(0)4961 81-4772
RCL
S.697
774
1300
daniel.jamaer@meyerwerft.de
Date:
18.04.2013
System:
Alt.
A
Plotdate: 23.04.2013
Person in charge:
Kostlew
Owner:
Vessel:
BGN:
DEPT.
NO:
Phone:
+49(0)4961 81-4772
RCL
S.697
774
1300
daniel.jamaer@meyerwerft.de
Date:
18.04.2013
System:
Alt.
A
Plotdate: 23.04.2013
Person in charge:
Kostlew
Owner:
Vessel:
BGN:
DEPT.
NO:
Phone:
+49(0)4961 81-4772
RCL
S.697
774
1300
daniel.jamaer@meyerwerft.de
Date:
18.04.2013
System:
Alt.
A
hWJtilfil
Environmental Technologies
7.
7.1
General
Alkali is automatically added to the scrubbing water circulation when operating in closed loop mode to
maintain the process pH and consequently the SOx removal efficiency. Typically 50% NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide), also known as Caustic Soda or Lye, solution is used as alkali.
Main components in alkali system are alkali feed modules, alkali transfer pump, alkali dosing pump, alkali
topping-up pump and alkali storage tank. The alkali feed module consists of two chemical dosing pumps.
One pump is normally in operation and the other is stand-by.
The scrubbing water pH is regulated by the amount of alkali added to the circulation . The pH control uses
information of the pH of the scrubbing water as input. The main control is automatically adjusted based on
the measured pH of scrubbing water.
Caustic soda bunkering areas, tanks and sounding pipes, anq feed module should be provided with
warning signs to ensure that all crew members are aware of the hazards involved in general and in particular
when any maintenance or repairs are made. The warning sign to be used is standard "corrosive 8" sign,
with text "Sodium Hydroxide Solution " and "UN 1824" nearby. Additionally texts "NaOH Solution " and
"Caustic Soda Solution" can be included as well.
Figure 7.1 "Corrosive 8" sign
Safety showers (with shower and eye wash) should be arranged for relevant alkali handling areas, such as
bunker stations, alkali feed module area and bleed-off treatment units. If the safety shower is located outdoors, it must be insulated and heat traced in order to prevent freezing . The requirements for the safety
shower are defined e.g. in standard SFS 5411.
The safety showers should be clearly marked with dedicated signs.
Figure 7.2 Safety shower and eye wash signs
7-1
ifl@"iiii
Environmental Technologies
Impervious overalls
Protective clothing
Chemical boots
Safety helmet
Safety goggles or face shield
All locations where alkal i is handled are to be provided with good ventilation. See Appendix 1 for more information of NaOH.
7.2
Consumption
Alkali consumption depends on the concentration of the solution, engine operating power, engine specific
fuel oil consumption and fuel sulphur content. The alkali supply is automatically controlled based on these
parameters.
Indication of the alkali consumption can be seen in the figure below. It also indicates the relations of the
affecting parameters.
Figure 7.3 Alkali consumption per operating power, when using 50% caustic soda
700
'6 00
GJ
E,
s::
.5!
Q.
ll
I ]!
-L
3.5%5fu e l
3,05fuel
-
2,5%5 fue l
2P 5 ftJe l
1,5%5 fue l
'500
no - - - -+----+-----'
.... ...
.,......-_ __.__.,or:;__
300
.-
2tl0
<(
--
10
0
0
'5000
10000
15000
20000
2 5000
Operating power(kW)
30000
35000
40000
As a rule of thumb the alkali consumption can be estimated to be 5 liters/MWh per fuelS%.
7.3
Storage
Onboard storage capacity is dictated by the following parameters: vessel autonomy, alkali consumption
and vessels operation profile and area.
7-2
Figure 7.4 Alkali consumption per consumed fuel, when using 50% caustic soda
lSOO
_1600
'E
1400
1200
3,0% 5 fue l
- - 2,5 % 5 fue l
2,0%5 fue l
1,5%5 fue l
.... ....
....
...
.... ....
"" 1000
t:
...
....
- - - --
800
. . .
400 +-----~----~~~-h~~~~~---+=r~-~-----4.------~----~
, --~
600
200
.-
0
0
2000
4 00
6000
00
10000
12000
14000
16000
1 000
20000
Any part of tank or tank fittings which may come in to contact with caustic soda should not
contain the following metals or alloys: aluminum, magnesium, zinc, brass, and tantalum. Caustic
soda corrodes these metals and the reaction may generate flammable hydrogen gas. Particularly
reaction with aluminum is vigorous. Long term exposure to caustic soda can deteriorate materials containing silica e.g. glass. It is recommended to check supplier's compatibility information
7-3
k@ij!i
Environmental Technologies
regarding gaskets for manholes and flanged tank fittings. Typically PTFE or EPDM should be
used. Viton is not suitable as gasket or sealing material.
7.4
Tank coating
Internal tank coating is recommended to avoid corrosion that may occur particularly on tank upper parts.
Major suppliers have epoxy resins that are suitable for this purpose. Suppliers ' recommendation is to be
followed concerning intended use, surface preparation and application.
In the following some example coatings are presented. Other products with similar properties can also be
used.
Table 7.1 Example products for tank coating from Jotun
Coating for buffer and alkali tanks
Product
Marathon 2:1
Description
High solids, two-pack epoxy coating reinforced with glass flakes. Steel structures subject to
aggressive exposure, both atmospheric and mechanical. For aggressive chemical exposure.
Temperature
Max 70C
Specific gravity
Film thicknesses
400 J.Jm
Colours
Limited selection
Pre-treatment
Surfaces
All surfaces should be clean and free from contamination. The surface should be assessed
and treated in accordance with ISO 8504. The temperature of the substrate should be minimum
10C and at least 3C above the dew point of the air, temperature and relative humidity
measured in the vicinity of the substrate. The coating should not be exposed to oil, chemicals
or mechanical stress until cured.
Drying times
Dust dry after 5.5 hours. Touch dry after 12 hours. Fully cured after 7 days.
Thinner
Primer
Finish
7-4
Product
Description
Used as coat in epoxy systems inside kerosene and oil tanks. Withstands aliphatic hydrocarbons, alkaline solutions and acids.
Temperature
Specific grafity
1.5 kg/1
Film thicknesses
500 J.Jm
Colours
Pre-treatment
Surfaces
The surface must be dry and least 4 weeks old. The relative humidity of the concrete should
not exceed 80%. The surface temperature should remain at least 3C above the dew point.
The temperature of the ambient air, surface or paint should not fall below + 10C.
Drying times
Dust dry after 3 hours. Touch dry after 4 hours. Fully cured after 7 days.
Thinner
Teknosolv 6560
Primer
Finish
Description
Two component, solvent free epoxy coating. Suitable to be used as a heavy duty coating on
steel and co ncrete surfaces exposed to chemical and mechanical stress in immersion. Good
resistance to acids, alkali and salts in immersion . Suitable for coating of lead-free tanks.
Temperature
Specific gravity
1.4 kg/1(mixed)
Film thicknesses
500 iJm
Colours
Pre-treatment
Surfaces
All surfaces must be dry. The temperature of the ambient air, surface or paint should not fall
below+ 1ooc during application and drying. Relative humidity should not exceed 80 %. The
surface temperature of the steel should remain at least soc above the dew point.
Thinner
Primer
TEMALINE BL
Drying times
Dust dry after 8 hours. Touch dry after 12 hours. Fully cured after 7 days.
Finish
TEMALINE BL
Product
Description
Two component high solids glass flake reinforced polyamine adduct tar free epoxy coating .
Temperature
Specific gravity
1.5 kg/1
Film thicknesses
Colours
Pre-treatment
Surfaces
All surfaces should be clean and free from contamination. The surface should be assessed
and treated in accordance with ISO 8504. The temperature of the substrate should be between
-1ooc up to 15C during application and curing and at least soc above the dew point and free
from ice and any contaminations. Curing to hardness takes longer in lower temperatures and
complete resistance will be reached when temperature increases. Maximum relative humidity
during application and curing is 85%.
Thinner
Drying times
Overcoating interval min 16 hours. Touch dry after S hours. Fully cured after 7 days.
Primer
Finish
7.5
7-5
If heat losses from the tank are remarkable, heating with water circulation in carbon steel coils can be used.
To avoid corrosion of heating coils external surface, inlet water temperature should remain below 49C.
For example, returning LT cooling water can be utilized for heating and heating coils can be connected in
parallel to the central cooler. The central cooler pressure drop or a dedicated circulation pump can be used
for induced circulation depending on the pressure drop in the tank heating system. Coils should be installed
to an approximate height of 300 mm from tank bottom and located so that thermal agitation pattern will
occur.
Heating coils should be positioned to provide heating particularly in suction pipe area. Heating coil dimen sioning is based on the differential temperature (t-.t) between the lower storage temperature (25C} and the
arithmetic mean temperature of incoming I outgoing circulating water. Mean heat transfer coefficient from
water coils to caustic soda can be estimated to 60 W/(m2 x 0 C}, if turbulent flow conditions can be achieved.
An alternative heating method is to provide a separate caustic soda circulation through an external heat
exchanger. Thus the heating media can be low pressure steam or high temp heat recovery water. In these
cases the appropriate heat exchanger material should be selected, for example nickel. If heat losses are
moderate, also external electric heating can be used. Heating elements are adhesive and attached directly
to the tank wall under the insulation. Also in these cases the specified heating elements should not exceed
maximum surface temperature.
7.6
7-6
TI
I HD
HOLE
Alkali storage tank air and overflow pipe are led in similar way as normal air and overflow pipes (e.g. above
bulkhead deck and overboard). To prevent spraying of alkali, the air pipe end should be protected by a
plate or similar means.
Figure 7.6 Example of "spray protector" plate for alkali storage tank air and overflow pipe.
FROM NaOH
STORAGE TANK
7.7
7-7
Type:
Chemical dosing
Motor:
Approx 0.55 kW
Frame:
Steel
Piping :
AISI316L or equivalent
Dry weight:
200 kg
Weight in operation:
300 kg
Width :
900mm
Depth:
700 mm
Height:
1950 mm
fiiQibJ
Environmental Technologies
Alkali feed module shutdown is connected to the emergency stop. The module is equipped with drip tray.
The drip tray drainage should be arranged with one of the following alternatives:
Alternative 1, automatic quick closing valve. Drip trays are to be provided at the lowest point with
such a leak detector that automatically activates the NaOH storage tank quick closing valve. Drip
trays are to be of adequate capacity to receive such leak quantity which may escape from the system
prior to closing of the quick closing valve, including quantity in the supply pipe. Leak detection and
quick closing system are to be of fail to safe type. Such drip trays are without drainage.
Alternative 2, automatic drainage to safe tank. Vertical conditions permitting , drain pipes from the
drip trays are conducted freely flowing back to the NaOH storage tank or any other suitable tank.
Such drain pipes should be of adequate size, and provided with heating where necessary to avoid
stiffening of the caustic soda. A sensor in the drip tray triggers an alarm in case of leakage.
Alternative 3, alarm. A sensor in the drip tray triggers an alarm in case of leakage.
7.8
7.9
0.25 kW
Weight:
14 kg
7-8
Motor:
1.1 kW
Weight:
37 kg
10 m3/h
Motor:
3.7 kW
Weight:
84 kg
CHEMICAL FORMULA:
NaOH (aq)
CAS N:o
1310-73-2
EINECS N:o
215- 185-5
ADDITIONAL TRADE
NAME(S):
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
SODIUM HYDROXIDE, Na- 45 ... 52 %-weight
OH
CHLORIDE (CI)
7.13 Drawings
DBAC471142DBAC471141-
Alkali feed module ..... ..... ..... ........................ ..... .............. ... ... ............... ....... ..... ... .. 7-1 0
Alkali feed module ................................................................. .. ... .. ..... ..... ........ ... ... 7-11
DBAC458743 -
DBAC4587 43
DBAC458676
DBAC458676
DBAC458669
DBAC458669
Alkali transfer pump manual ..... ......... .... .... .......... ... .... .... ..... ....... ...... ...... ....... ..... .. 7-13
Alkali dosing pump .... ............... ....... ........ .... ... .... ......... ....... .... ...... ... ............... .. ... . 7-18
Alkali dosing pump manual ..... ................... ................... ........ ..... .. ... ..... .. .. ........ ... . 7-19
Alkali topping-up pump ................ ....... ...... ... ...... .. ... ... .... ...... .. .... ........... ............. .. 7-60
Alkali topping-up pump manual .............. ... ........ .... ..... .. .. ..... ... ... ...... ............... .. .... 7-61
7-12
7-9
APPENDIX II
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET SODIUM HYDROXIDE
Right to Know
common Name:
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
Revision : April2010
5.
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
~ Quickly brush off excess chemical from the face.
Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 30
minutes, lifting upper and lower lids. Remove contact
lenses, if worn , while flushing . Seek medical attention
immediately.
Skin Contact
~ Quickly remove contaminated clothing . Immediately blot or
brush off excess chemical and wash gently with large
amounts water for at least 30 minutes. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Inhalation
~ Remove the person from exposure.
~ Begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions) if
breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped .
~Transfer promptly to a medical facility.
~ Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours after
overexposure , as pulmonary edema may be delayed .
EMERGENCY NUMBERS
Poison Control: 1-800-222-1222
CHEMTREC: 1-800-424-9300
NJDEP Hotline: 1-877-927-6337
National Response Center: 1-800-424-8802
CAS Number:
1310-73-2
1706
DOT Number:
UN 1823 (solid)
UN 1824 (solution)
Hazard Summary
Hazard Ratin~:~
HEALTH
FLAMMABILITY
REACTIVITY
CORROSIVE
DO NOT USE WATER
NFPA
3
0
1
NJDOH
~
~
which
The above exposure limits are for air levels only. When skin
contact also occurs, you may be overexposed, even though
air levels are less than the limits listed above.
Page 2 of6
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
Determining Your Exposure
~
Reproductive Hazard
~ There is no evidence that Sodium Hydroxide affects
reproduction. This is based on test results presently
available to the NJDOH from published studies.
Other Effects
~ Sodium Hydroxide can irritate the lungs. Repeated
exposure may cause bronchitis to develop with coughing ,
phlegm , and/or shortness of breath.
~ Repeated exposure can lead to permanent lung damage.
Medical
~You
~
~
Contact can severely irritate and burn the skin and eyes with
possible permanent eye damage (corneal opacities) , causing
blindness.
Contact can irritate the mouth , nose and throat.
Inhaling Sodium Hydroxide can irritate the lungs causing
coughing and/or shortness of breath . Higher exposures may
cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), a
medical emergency, with severe shortness of breath.
Medical Testing
For frequent or potentially high exposure (half the PEL or
greater), the following are recommended before beginning
work and at regular times after that:
~
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
Workplace Controls and Practices
Very toxic chemicals, or those that are reproductive hazards or
sensitizers, require expert advice on control measures if a less
toxic chemical cannot be substituted. Control measures
include: (1) enclosing chemical processes for severely
irritating and corrosive chemicals, (2) using local exhaust
ventilation for chemicals that may be harmful with a single
exposure , and (3) using general ventilation to control
exposures to skin and eye irritants. For further information on
workplace controls, consult the NIOSH document on Control
Banding at www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ctrlbanding/.
The following work practices are also recommended :
"'
"'
"'
"'
Page 3 of6
Eye Protection
"' Wear eye protection with side shields or goggles.
"' Wear a face shield along with goggles when working with
corrosive, highly irritating or toxic substances.
Respiratory Protection
Improper use of respirators is dangerous. Respirators
should only be used if the employer has implemented a written
program that takes into account workplace conditions,
requirements for worker training , respirator fit testing, and
medical exams , as described in the OSHA Respiratory
ProtectionStandard (29 CFR 1910.134).
3
"' Where the potential exists for exposure over 2 mg/m , use a
NIOSH approved negative pressure, air-purifying, particulate
filter respirator with an N, R or P1 00 filter. More protection is
provided by a full facepiece respirator than by a half-mask
respirator, and even greater protection is provided by a
powered-air purifying respirator.
"'Leave the area immediately if (1) while wearing a filter or
cartridge respirator you can smell , taste, or otherwise detect
Sodium Hydroxide, (2) while wearing particulate filters
abnormal resistance to breathing is experienced , or (3) eye
irritation occurs while wearing a full facepiece respirator.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-face seal is still good.
If it is, replace the filter or cartridge. If the seal is no longer
good , you may need a new respirator.
"' Consider all potential sources of exposure in your workplace.
You may need a combination of filters, prefilters or cartridges
to protect against different forms of a chemical (such as
vapor and mist) or against a mixture of chemicals.
"' Where the potential for high exposure exists, use a NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece
operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure
mode. For increased protection use in combination with an
auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus or an
emergency escape air cylinder.
3
"'Exposure to 10 mglm is immediately dangerous to life and
3
health . If the possibility of exposure above 10 mg/m exists,
use a NIOSH approved self-contained breathing apparatus
with a full facepiece operated in a pressure-demand or other
positive-pressure mode equipped with an emergency escape
air cylinder.
Fire Hazards
If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained
and equipped as stated in the OSHA Fire Brigades Standard
(29 CFR 191 0.156).
"' Extinguish fire using an agent suitable for type of
surrounding fire. Sodium Hydroxide itself does not burn.
"'POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE.
"' Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. DO
NOT get water inside containers.
"' Sodium Hydroxide in contact with water or moisture may
generate enough heat to ignite combustibles.
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
Spills and Emergencies
If employees are required to clean-up spills , they must be
properly trained and equipped. The OSHA Hazardous Waste
Operations and Emergency Response Standard (29 CFR
1910.120) may apply.
If Sodium Hydroxide is spilled or leaked, take the following
steps:
.,. Evacuate personnel and secure and control entrance to the
area.
.,. Eliminate all ignition sources .
.,. For Sodium Hydroxide in solution , absorb liquids in dry
sand , earth , or a similar material and place into sealed
containers for disposal.
.,. Collect solid material in the most convenient and safe
manner and place into sealed containers for disposal.
.,. DO NOT USE WATER OR WET METHOD.
.,. Ventilate and wash area after clean-up is complete.
.,. DO NOT wash into sewer.
.,. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of Sodium
Hydroxide as a HAZARDOUS WASTE . Contact your state
Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) or your
regional office of the federal Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) for specific recommendations .
Page 4 of6
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
Page 5 of6
GLOSSARY
ACGIH is the American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists. They publish guidelines called Threshold Limit
Values (TLVs) for exposure to workplace chemicals.
Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) are established
by the EPA. They describe the risk to humans resulting from
once-in-a lifetime, or rare, exposure to airborne chem icals.
Boiling point is the temperature at which a substance can
change its physical state from a liquid to a gas.
A carcinogen is a substance that causes cancer.
The CAS number is unique, identifying number, assigned by
the Chemical Abstracts Service , to a specific chemical.
CFR is the Code of Federal Regulations, which are the
regulations of the United States government.
A combustible substance is a solid , liquid or gas that will burn .
A corrosive substance is a gas, liquid or solid that causes
destruction of human skin or severe corrosion of containers.
The critical temperature is the temperature above which a
gas cannot be liquefied, regardless of the pressure applied .
DEP is the New Jersey Department of Environmental
Protection .
DOT is the Department of Transportation , the federal agency
that regulates the transportation of chemicals.
EPA is the Environmental Protection Agency, the federal
agency responsible for regulating environmental hazards.
STEL is a Short Term Exposure Limit which is usually a 15mlnute exposure that should not be exceeded at any time
during a work day.
A teratogen is a substance that causes birth defects by
damaging the fetus.
UEL or Upper Explosive Limit is the highest concentration in
air above which there is too much fuel (gas or vapor) to begin a
reaction o~ explosion .
Vapor Density is the ratio of the weight of a given volume of
one gas to the weight of another (usually Air) , at the same
temperature and pressure.
The vapor pressure is a force exerted by the vapor in
equilibrium with the solid or liquid phase of the same
substance. The higher the vapor pressure the higher
concentration of the substance in air.
I Health!
-.-..,~-
Emergency
Responders
Otick Refnnce
HAZARD DATA
Hazard Rating
Firefighting
Reactivity
3- Health
0- Fire
1 - Reactivity
DOT#:
UN 1823 (solid)
UN 1824 (solution)
ERG Guide #: 154
Hazard Class: 8
(Corrosive)
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPILL/LEAKS
Isolation Distance:
Odor Threshold:
Odorless
Flash Point:
Noncombustible
Vapor Density:
2.1(air=1)
Vapor Pressure:
0 mm Hg at 68F (20C)
Specific Gravity:
2. 1 (water = 1)
Water Solubility:
Soluble
Boiling Point:
2,534F (1 ,390C)
Melting Point:
604F (318C)
Molecular Weight:
40
EXPOSURE LI MITS
3
OSHA:
2 mg/m , 8-hr TWA
3
NIOSH: 2 mg/m , Ceiling
3
ACGIH : 2 mglm , Ceiling
3
10 mg/m
IDLH:
The Protective Action Criteria values are:
3
3
PAC-2 = 5 mglm
PAC-1 = 0.5 mg/m
PAC-3 = 50 mg/m 3
H EALTH EFFECTS
Eyes:
Skin:
Inhalation:
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Gloves:
Coveralls:
Respirator:
APPENDIX III
PRELIMINARY RISK ASSESSMENT
PRELIMINARYRISKASSESSMENTFORTHEUSEOFCAUSTICSODAINANENGINEEXHAUST
STACKSCRUBBINGSYSTEM
1. PROLOGUE
ThisriskassessmentisreferredtoasaPreliminaryRiskAssessmentbecauseit
pertainstoaprocessthatiscontemplatedforusebutdoesnotpresentlyexist.Should
theprocessbeimplemented,thisriskassessmentwouldrequirereviewandpossible
modificationtocomportwithanydetails,informationderivedfromspecificjobsafety
analysesandothercharacteristicsoftheprocessthatarepresentlyunknown.
ThefollowingriskassessmentcitesseveralUnitedStatesFederalOccupationalSafety
andHealthRegulations(OSHA)applicabletoworkersinvolvedintheprocessbeing
considered.Althoughtheregulationsmaynotberequiredforworkersemployedin
internationalwaters,theseregulationsarebasedonsound,stateoftheartindustrial
hygieneprinciplesthatprovideasafeandhealthyenvironmentforworkers.
2. INTRODUCTION
Theprocessinconsiderationinvolvesadding50%CausticSodasolutiontothescrubbing
waterofanAlkaliFeedSystemoperatinginclosedloopmodeforthepurposeof
removingacidsulfurgasesfromenginestackemissions.CausticSoda,orSodium
Hydroxide,isahighlycorrosivechemicalandcontactwiththissubstancecanseverely
irritateandburntheskinandeyesleadingtopossibleblindness.Thepotentialhazards
ofworkingwithCausticSodamakeitimportantthatallpersonshandlingCausticSoda
knowandfollowstrictproceduresforsafety.Thispreliminaryriskassessmentwill
addressthefollowingissues:
a. HazardIdentification
b. ProtectiveMeasures
c. RegulationsApplicabletoCausticSoda
d. RiskAssessment
e. RiskManagement
f. ResidualRiskSummary
3. HAZARDIDENTIFICATION
a. ProductIdentification
i. Synonyms:CausticSoda,SodiumHydroxide,Lye,SodiumHydrate
ii. ChemicalFormula:NaOH
iii. CASNumber:1310732
iv. RTKSubstanceNumber:1706
AppendixIIIPage1
SeaQuestTesting&ConsultingPreliminaryRiskAssessment
b.
c.
d.
e.
v. DOTNumber:UN1823(solid),UN1824(solution)
vi. HazardousWasteNumber:D002
vii. CausticSodaisontheRighttoKnowHazardousSubstancesListwhich
requiresemployersusingthismaterialtocomplywiththeFederalOSHA
HazardCommunicationStandard(29CFR1910.1200).
ProductDescription
i. Solidstate:odorless,whitesolid,absorbsmoisturefromair
ii. 50%Solution:odorless,clear
WorkplaceExposureLimits
i. OSHA:Thelegalairbornepermissibleexposurelimit(PEL)is2mg/m3
averagedoveran8hourworkshift.
ii. NIOSH:Therecommendedairborneexposurelimit(REL)is2mg/m3,
whichshouldnotbeexceededatanytime.
iii. NIOSH:Theairborneconcentrationlikelytocausedeathorimmediateor
delayedpermanentadversehealtheffectsorpreventescapefromsuch
anenvironment(IDLH)is10mg/m3.
iv. ACGIH:Thethresholdlimitvalue(TLV)is2mg/m3,whichshouldnotbe
exceededatanytime.
PotentialHealthEffects
i. Inhalation:Maycauseirritation(possiblysevere),chemicalburns,and
pulmonaryedema.
ii. Skincontact:Maycauseirritation(possiblysevere)andchemicalburns.
iii. Eyecontact:Maycauseirritation(possiblysevere),chemicalburns,eye
damage,andblindness.
iv. Ingestion:Maycauseirritation(possiblysevere),chemicalburns,nausea,
andvomiting.
v. Note:Theseverityoftissuedamageisafunctionofitsconcentration,the
lengthoftissuecontacttime,andlocaltissueconditions.Afterexposure
theremaybeatimedelaybeforeirritationandothereffectsoccur.This
materialisastrongirritantandiscorrosivetoallhumantissue.
FirstAid
i. EyeContact:Immediatelyflusheyeswithadirectedstreamofwaterfor
atleast15minutes,forciblyholdingeyelidsaparttoensurecomplete
irrigationofalleyeandlidtissues.Washingeyeswithinseveralsecondsis
essentialtoachievemaximumeffectiveness.GETMEDICALATTENTION
IMMEDIATELY.
ii. SkinContact:Immediatelyflushcontaminatedareaswithwaterfroma
safetyshower.Removecontaminatedclothing,jewelry,andshoes
immediately.Washtheaffectedskinfor15minutes.Iftheeyeshavenot
beenexposeddonotremoveyourgogglesuntilyourheadandhairhas
AppendixIIIPage2
SeaQuestTesting&ConsultingPreliminaryRiskAssessment
beenthoroughlyrinsed.Washcontaminatedareaswithsoapandwater.
Thoroughlycleananddrycontaminatedclothingbeforereuse.Discard
contaminatedleathergoods.GETMEDICALATTENTIONIMMEDIATELY.
iii. Inhalation:Ifadverseeffectsoccur,removetouncontaminatedarea.Give
artificialrespirationifnotbreathing.Ifbreathingisdifficult,oxygen
shouldbeadministeredbyqualifiedpersonnel.Ifrespirationorpulsehas
stopped,haveatrainedpersonadministerbasiclifesupport(Cardio
PulmonaryResuscitation/AutomaticExternalDefibrillator)andCALLFOR
EMERGENCYSERVICESIMMEDIATELY.
iv. Ingestion:Nevergiveanythingbymouthtoanunconsciousorconvulsive
person.Ifswallowed,donotinducevomiting.Givelargeamountsof
water.Ifvomitingoccursspontaneously,keepairwayclear.Givemore
waterwhenvomitingstops.GETMEDICALATTENTIONIMMEDIATELY.
v. NotestoPhysician:Theabsenceofvisiblesignsorsymptomsofburns
doesNOTreliablyexcludethepresenceofactualtissuedamage.
Probablemucosaldamagemaycontraindicatetheuseofgastriclavage.
f. StabilityandReactivity
i. Reactivity/Stability:Stableatnormaltemperaturesandpressures.
ii. ConditionstoAvoid:Mixingwithwater,acidorincompatiblematerials
maycausesplatteringandreleaseoflargeamountsofheat.Willreact
withsomemetalsformingflammablehydrogengas.
iii. SodiumHydroxidereactswithSTRONGACIDS(suchasHYDROCHLORIC,
SULFURICandNITRIC);WATER;torapidlyreleaseheat.
iv. SodiumHydroxidereactswithMETALS(suchasALUMINUM,LEAD,TIN
andZINC)toformflammableandexplosiveHydrogengas.
v. SodiumHydroxidecanformshocksensitivesaltsoncontactwith
NITROGENCONTAININGCOMPOUNDS(suchasNITROMETHANE).
vi. SodiumHydroxideisnotcompatiblewithOXIDIZINGAGENTS(suchas
PERCHLORATES,PEROXIDES,PERMANGANATES,CHLORATES,NITRATES,
CHLORINE,BROMINEandFLUORINE);CHLORINATEDSOLVENTS;
AMMONIA;andORGANICMATERIALS.
g. AccidentalReleases
i. Evacuatepersonnelandsecureandcontrolentrancetothearea.
ii. Wearappropriatepersonalprotectiveequipmentrecommendedin
section4below.
iii. Completelycontainspilledmaterialwithdikes,sandbags,etc.
iv. Vacuumupforreuseordisposal.
v. Carefullydiluteremainingmaterial
vi. Neutralizewithweakacid(aceticacid)ifnecessary.
AppendixIIIPage3
SeaQuestTesting&ConsultingPreliminaryRiskAssessment
vii. Accidentalreleasestotheenvironmentmaytriggerreporting
requirementstofederal,stateandlocalauthoritiesifthresholdlimitsare
exceeded.ThethresholdlimitforCausticSodais1,000lbs.
viii. IntheU.S.,spillreportstotheNationalResponseCenter(1800424
8802)willcomplywithfederalreportingrequirementsunderCERCLAand
SARAregulations.TheCoastGuardmayalsoneedtobenotifiedunder
theCleanWaterAct.
ix. Ifemployeesarerequiredtocleanupspills,theymustbeproperly
trainedandequipped.TheOSHAHazardousWasteOperationsand
EmergencyResponseStandard(29CFR1910.120)mayapply.
h. FireEmergency
i. FireHazard:CausticSodaisnotflammable
ii. ExtinguishingMedia:Usemediaappropriateforsurroundingfire.
iii. FireFighting:Movecontainerfromfireareaifitcanbedonewithoutrisk.
Coolcontainerswithwater.
iv. Ifemployeesareexpectedtofightfires,theymustbetrainedand
equippedasstatedintheOSHAFireBrigadesStandard(29CFR
1910.156).
4. PROTECTIVEMEASURES
a. PersonalProtectiveEquipment
i. EyeProtection:Wearchemicalsafetygoggleswithafaceshieldto
protectagainsteyeandskincontactwhenappropriate.Providean
emergencyeyewashfountainandquickdrenchshowerintheimmediate
workarea.
ii. SkinandBodyProtection:Wearchemicalresistantclothingandrubber
bootswhenpotentialforcontactwiththematerialexists.Contaminated
clothingshouldberemoved,thendiscardedorlaundered.
iii. HandProtection:Wearappropriatechemicalresistantgloves
iv. ProtectiveMaterialTypes:Naturalrubber,Neoprene,Nitrile,Polyvinyl
Chloride,Viton
v. RespiratoryProtection:ANIOSHapprovedrespiratorwithN95(dust,
fume,mist)cartridgesmaybepermissibleundercertaincircumstances
whereairborneconcentrationsareexpectedtoexceedexposurelimits,
orwhensymptomshavebeenobservedthatareindicativeof
overexposure.Ifeyeirritationoccurs,afullfacestylemaskshouldbe
used.Arespiratoryprotectionprogramthatmeets29CFR1910.134must
befollowedwheneverworkplaceconditionswarrantuseofarespirator.
AppendixIIIPage4
SeaQuestTesting&ConsultingPreliminaryRiskAssessment
Wherethepotentialforhighexposureexists,suchascleaningstorage
tanks,useaNIOSHapprovedsuppliedairrespiratorwithafullfacepiece
operatedinapressuredemandorotherpositivepressuremode.For
increasedprotectionuseincombinationwithanauxiliaryselfcontained
breathingapparatusoranemergencyescapeaircylinder.
b. OtherProtectiveMeasures
i. Eyewashfountainsshouldbelocatednearallcausticsodahandlingareas.
ii. Safetyshowersshouldbelocateddirectlyabovetheeyewashfountains.
iii. Eyewashandsafetyshowersshouldbedesignedtocomplywith29CFR
1910.151(c)MedicalServicesandFirstAid.
iv. DikingabletocontaintheentirevolumeofCausticSodainthesystem
shouldbeinstalled.
5. REGULATIONSAPPLICABLETOCAUSTICSODA
a. PrivatesectorworkersinNewJerseyarecoveredbyFederalOSHA.
b. 29CFR1910.1200HazardCommunicationStandardrequiresthatemployees
beinformedofchemicalhazardsintheirworkplace.Somehighlightsofthe
standardfollow:
i. Employersmustdevelopandimplementawrittenhazardcommunication
programandmakethatprogramavailabletoemployees.
ii. Theprogrammustlistallhazardouschemicalsknowntobeinthe
workplaceandtellemployeesaboutnonroutinetasks(suchascleaning
outtanks)thatmightexposethemtothehazardouschemicals.
iii. Containersofhazardouschemicalsmustbelabeled.Thelabelmust
identifythechemical,itsmanufacturerandappropriatehazardwarnings.
Employeesmustbetrainedtoreadsuchlabels.
iv. Employersmusthaveamaterialsafetydatasheet(MSDS)foreach
hazardouschemicalinitsworkplace.TheMSDSmustinclude(among
otherthings)theidentityusedonthecontainerlabel;commonnameand
namesofchemicalingredientsinthehazardouschemical;physicaland
chemicalcharacteristics(suchasvaporpressureandflashpoint);physical
hazards(suchaspotentialforfire,explosionandreactivitytoother
substancesthatareincompatible);healthhazards(suchassignsand
symptomsofexposure);howthechemicalcanenteryourbody;
permissibleexposurelimits;whetherthechemicalwillcausecancer;
precautionsforsafehandlinganduse(includingprotectivemeasures);
emergencyandfirstaidprocedures;whentheMSDSwaspreparedorlast
changed;thenameandtelephonenumberofthemanufacturerorother
AppendixIIIPage5
SeaQuestTesting&ConsultingPreliminaryRiskAssessment
sourcethatcanprovideadditionalinformation(includingemergency
procedures).
v. TheMSDSsmustbereadilyaccessibletoemployeesduringeachwork
shift.Employeesmustbetaughttousethem.
vi. Employeesmustbeinformedofthelocationofhazardouschemicals.
vii. Employeesmustbetrainedinhowtodetectthepresenceofahazardous
chemical;itshealthhazards;andprotectivemeasures(includingwork
practices,personalprotectiveequipmentandemergencyprocedures).
c. EPCRASection311312EmergencyPlanningandCommunityRighttoKnowAct
of1986appliestoanyfacilityatwhichahazardouschemical,asdefinedbythe
OccupationalSafetyandHealthAct,ispresentinanamountexceedinga
specifiedthreshold.ThethresholdforCausticSodais10,000lbs.Suchafacility
mustsubmitamaterialsafetydatasheet(MSDS)foreachhazardouschemical
whichmeetsorexceedsaspecifiedthresholdquantityatthefacility,tothestate
emergencyresponsecommission,theLocalEmergencyPlanningCommittee,and
thelocalfiredepartmentwithjurisdictionoverthefacility.Reportingthresholds
arecodifiedin40CFR370.10.
d. CERCLASECTIONS102a/103ComprehensiveEnvironmentalResponse,
Compensation,andLiabilityActof1980Accidentalreleases
i. CERCLAReportableQuantityforCausticSoda:1,000lb.(note:thisiswell
belowtheprojectedweeklyuse).
ii. IfareleaseisreportableunderCERCLAsection103,notifytheNational
ResponseCenterat(800)4248802or(202)4262675.TheCoastGuard
mayalsoneedtobenotifiedundertheCleanWaterAct.
e. 29CFR1910.120OSHAHazardousWasteOperationsandEmergencyResponse
Standard(HazWOPER)
i. Thisstandardappliestoemergencyresponseoperationsforrelease,or
substantialreleasethreat,ofhazardoussubstanceswithoutregardto
locationofthehazard.
ii. CertainrequirementsmustbecompliedwithundertheHazWOPER
standard.Theserequirementsincludeawrittenemergencyresponse
plan,training,controlandcleanup.
iii. EmergencyResponsePlanmustaddressthefollowing:
a. preemergencyplanningandcoordinationwithoutside
respondingagencies,i.e.,fire,EMS,police,etc.;
b. personnelroles,linesofauthorityandlinesofcommunication;
c. emergencyrecognitionandprevention(whatconstitutesan
emergencyandhowtopreventtheoccurrence);
d. safedistancesandplacesofrefuge;
e. sitesecurityandcontrol;
AppendixIIIPage6
SeaQuestTesting&ConsultingPreliminaryRiskAssessment
f. evacuationroutesandprocedures;
g. decontaminationprocedures;
h. emergencymedicaltreatmentandfirstaid;
i. emergencyalertsandresponse;
j. personalprotectiveequipmentandemergencyequipment;
k. engineeringcontrols;
l. airmonitoring
m. critiqueofresponseproceduresandfollowup.
iv. Trainingrequiredforanyemployeewhorespondstoanemergency.
SectionQofthestandardspecifiesthetrainingrequirements.Theyare
brokendowninto5levelsthataretiedtospecificduties.
a. Level1:FirstResponderAwareness
b. Level2:FirstResponderOperations
c. Level3:HazardousMaterialsTechnician
d. Level4:HazardousMaterialsSpecialist
e. Level5:OnSiteIncidentCommander
v. ControlandCleanup
AtleasttwoLevel2techniciansarerequiredtoslowandcontrola
hazardousspillasspecifiedin29CFR1910.120(HazWOPER),which
mandatesabuddysysteminthesecircumstances.Additionally,atrained
Level5IncidentCommandermustbepresent.
Oncethespilliscontained,itmustbestoppedatthesource,cleanedup
anddisposedofproperly.
f. 29CFR1910.156OSHAFireBrigadesStandard
Ifemployeesareexpectedtofightfires,theymustbetrainedandequippedin
accordancewiththeFireBrigadesStandard.
g. 29CFR1910.132PersonalProtectiveEquipmentGeneralrequirements
requiresprotectionforemployeeseyes,face,headandextremitiesinthe
presenceofhazardsthatrequiresuchprotection,including,butnotlimitedto,
chemicalhazardsandhazardsencounteredthroughabsorption,inhalationor
physicalcontact.
h. 29CFR1910.133PersonalProtectiveEquipmentEyeandfaceprotection
requiresprotectionagainstliquidsandotherhazardstotheeyesandface.
i. 29CFR1910.134PersonalProtectiveEquipmentRespiratoryprotection
includes(amongotherpertinentsubjects)theselection,fittingandcarefor
respiratorsandinstructionstoemployeesabouttheuseofrespirators.The
employershallberesponsiblefortheestablishmentandmaintenanceofa
respiratoryprotectionprogramwithrequiredworksitespecificproceduresand
elementsforrequiredrespiratoruse.Theprogrammustbeadministeredbya
suitablytrainedprogramadministrator.
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j.
29CFR1910.151(c)MedicalServicesandFirstAidrequiressuitablefacilities
forquickdrenchingorflushingoftheeyesandbodyintheworkareafor
immediateemergencyuse,wheretheeyesorbodyofanypersonmaybe
exposedtoinjuriouscorrosivematerials.
6. RISKASSESSMENT
CausticSodafallsunderthecategoryofHazardousSubstanceaccordingtoOSHAs
HazardCommunicationStandard,29CFR1910.1200.Itwasprojectedthat
approximately37,000gallonsof50%CausticSodasolutionperweekwouldbeutilized.
Thisquantityisequivalentto447,700lbs.ofsolutionweightor223,850lbs.Caustic
Sodadryweight.Anoffsettothehazardsinvolvedintheuseofthissubstanceinthis
particularapplicationisthefactthatthescrubbingsystemconsistsofaclosedloop
mode,whicheliminatespotentialemployeeexposuretosplashingoftheliquidand
aerosolformationundernormalconditionsofoperation.However,CausticSodawillbe
directlyhandledbyemployeesinvolvedwithunloadingtanktrucks,bunkeringareas,
tanks,soundingpipes,feedmoduleandbleedofftreatmentunits.Additionally,
potentiallygreaterexposuretocausticsodaisprobableforemployeeschargedwiththe
taskofcleaningstoragetanks.Itisconceivablethatsuchanactivitycouldproduce
significantcausticsodaaerosolinhalationexposure.
7. RISKMANAGEMENT
Basedontheriskassessmentofthevariousconditionsdefinedinsection6,the
followingriskmanagementmeasuresarerecommended:
a. Trainingonthesafehandlingofthematerialmustbegiventoeveryemployee
involvedinthehandling,storageanduseofthematerial.
b. Periodicsurveillanceofthestoragetanks,fittings,pipingandconnectionsfor
evidenceofwearisrequired.
c. Safetyshowersandeyewashesshouldbeconvenientlylocatedandreadily
accessiblenearallareaswhereCausticSodawillbehandled.
d. Safetyshowersandeyewashesshouldbeclearlymarkedwithdedicatedsigns.
e. Thefollowingpersonalprotectiveequipmentmustbewornwhenhandling
CausticSoda;
i. Closefittingsafetygogglesandchemicalresistantgloves
ii. Additionalclothingandequipmentmayberequired.Ajobsafetyanalysis
foreachtaskinvolvingdirecthandlingofCausticSodaneedstobe
conductedtodeterminetheproperpersonalprotectiveequipmentfor
thetaskbeingperformed.Theseriskmanagementoptionsinclude:
a. Hardhat
b. Chemicalresistantapron
c. Fullfaceshield(inadditiontoclosefittingsafetygoggles)
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d. Chemicalresistantboots
e. Chemicalprotectivesuit(jacketandpants)
f. Fullchemicalprotectivesuitwithhoodandairsuppliedrespirator
8. RESIDUALRISKSUMMARY
BasedonthenatureofCausticSodasolutionhazards,itsuseintheclosedloop
scrubbingsystemandselectionofappropriateriskmanagementtools,itcanbe
concludedthattherisktoworkersandtheenvironmentcanbeclassifiedasminimal.
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APPENDIX IV
RESOURCE DISK
Available as a Separate Submittal