Las

palabras funcionales son las palabras que existen para explicar o crear relaciones
gramaticales o estructurales en las que las palabras de contenidos pueden encajar. Hay
palabras como "of," "the," "to," estas tienen poco significados por s mismas.
Pronombres, preposiciones, conjunciones, determinantes, e interrogativos son
algunas funciones de las partes del discurso.

Las partes de la oracin en ingles se

componen de las siguientes palabras:
Nouns Sustantivos.
Verbs Verbos.
Pronouns Pronombres.
Adjectives Adjetivos.
Adverbs Adverbios.
Conjunctions. Conjunciones.
Articles Artculos.
Prepositions Preposiciones.
Interjections Interjeciones.

La preposicin: Es una palabra o frase que

demuestra la relacin entre el sustantivo que toma
como objeto a otra palabra dentro de la oracin.
Hay algunas preposiciones comunes: for, on, to,
up, at, under, above, toward, with, between, in,
behind, from, upon, into, off.
The cat is on the chair.
The dog was under the table.
Verbos: Demuestran accin o estado de nimo:
Accin: He was running through the forest.
Estado de nimo: He was sad that particular morning.
Sustantivos pueden ser: personas, lugares, cosas o cualidades. Ejemplos:
Persona: Mr. Garcia likes to eat spinach.

 Lugar: Mission is an old town.

Cosa: To cook you need a couple of pots.
Cualidad: Honesty is a great value to possess.
Adjetivos: describen al sustantivo:
The beautiful woman only wanted a couple of pairs of shoes.
The

rainy day made us even sadder.

Pronombres: Sustituyen al sustantivo.

Guillermo was studying for the mid-term exam when he realized that it was
three oclock in the morning.
(Hay muchas clases de sustantivos: personales, interrogativos, demostrativos,
indefinidos,

relativos,

posesivos,

reflexivos, recprocos)
Los adverbios describen al verbo:
The little girl walked happily through
the park.

The orphan hungrily ate the hot

stew.
Las Conjunciones: Son palabras que unen a otras palabras, frases u oraciones.
Manuel and Marisol loved to cook.
You will go to school, or you will fail.
I am happy because I just received my check.
It has been cloudy since the morning.

Artculos: En ingls existen solo tres artculos: the, a, an.

The bicycle was not only red but shiny.
A yellow moon always appears in October.
An excellent student, Armando passed all his exams.
Interjecciones: Son palabras expresivas, ejemplo:
Wow, you knocked that ball out of the park.
Oh, you really need to take care of yourself.
Huh, what did you say?
Ah, now I understand the problem.
Fjate en el siguiente texto en el que se identifican las functions words o las
partes de la oracin:

The
article

On
the
Preposition article
reading
verb

beautiful
adjective

queen
noun
cool
adjective

was
verb
lawn,
noun

walking
verb
and
conjunction

slowly
adverb
she
was
pronoun verb

a
article

long
adjective
which
preposition

book
noun

about
preposition

she
Pronoun

knights and
kings
noun conjunction noun

enjoyed.
verb

En la pgina siguiente se te presenta un texto del cual debes extraer las Function
Words o lo que es lo mismo las

palabras funcionales.

Ecology or ecological science is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance
of living organisms and how these properties are affected by interactions between the
organisms and their environment. The environment of
an organism includes both the physical properties,
which can be described as the sum of local abiotic
factors like climate and geology, as well as the other
organisms that share its habitat.
Ecology is usually considered a branch of biology, the
general science that studies living and once-living organisms. Organisms can be studied
at many different levels, from proteins and nucleic acids (in biochemistry and molecular
biology), to cells (in cellular biology), to multicellular systems (in physiology and
anatomy, to individuals (in botany, zoology, and other similar disciplines), and finally at
the level of populations, communities, and ecosystems, and to the biosphere as a whole.
The interactions between living organisms and their abiotic and biotic environments, the
focus of ecology, generally convey an overall sense of unity and harmony in nature.
Ecology is a multi-disciplinary science. Because of its focus on the higher levels of the
organization of life on earth and on the interrelations between organisms and their
environment, ecology draws heavily on many other branches of science, especially
geology and geography, meteorology, petrology, chemistry, and physics. Thus, ecology
is said to be a holistic science, one that overarches older disciplines, such as biology,
which in this view become sub-disciplines contributing to ecological knowledge.
Subraya los verbos que hay en cada oracin:
1. - Ecology is usually considered a branch of biology.
2. - physical properties can be described as the sum of local abiotic factors like climate
and geology.
3. - Ecology is said to be a holistic science.

En la siguiente tabla coloca las partes de oracin, extrelas del texto:

Sustantivos

Verbos

Pronombres. Adjetivos

Preposiciones

Conjunciones

Las siguientes palabras estn conectadas con el tema, completa las letras faltantes.
O r a

i ms

nte

cti n

n iro
S ie

en t

C em st y
In

vid

ls

Responde las siguientes preguntas de acuerdo al texto.

1.- Qu es la ecologa?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2.- En cuntos niveles pueden ser estudiados los microorganismos?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3.- Por qu se dice que la ecologa es una ciencia multidisciplinaria?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Re-ordena las siguientes oraciones tomando en cuenta la funcin de las palabras.
of biology Ecology usually a branch is considered
The an organism environment properties physical of includes

said ecology is to science be a holistic.