Alexandria University.

Faculty of Engineering.

Mechanical Eng. dpt.

Thermodynamics.

SHEET (1)
Basic Concepts & Properties of ideal gases
1- Consider a system whose temperature is 18C. Express this temperature in K and
F.
2 The temperature of a system drops by 45F during a cooling process. Express this
drop in temperature in K and C.
3 Consider a fish swimming 5 m below the free surface of water. What is the
increase in the pressure exerted on the fish when it dives to a depth of 45 m below the
free surface??
4- A vacuum gage connected to a chamber reads 35 kPa at a location where the
atmospheric pressure is 92 kPa. Determine the absolute pressure in the chamber.
5- The absolute pressure in water at a depth of 5 m is read to be 145 kPa. Determine
(a) the local atmospheric pressure, and (b) the absolute pressure at a depth of 5 m in a
liquid whose specific gravity is 0.85 at the same location.
6 The basic barometer can be used to measure the height of a building. If the
barometric readings at the top and at the bottom of a building are 730 and 755 mm
Hg, respectively, determine the height of the building. Take the densities of air and
mercury to be 1.18 kg/m3 and 13,600 kg/m3, respectively.
7 A gas is contained in a vertical, frictionless pistoncylinder device. The piston has
a mass of 4 kg and a cross-sectional area of 35 cm2. A compressed spring above
the piston exerts a force of 60 N on the piston. If the atmospheric pressure is 95 kPa,
determine the pressure inside the cylinder. (Answer: 123.4 kPa)
8- A vertical pistoncylinder device contains a gas at a pressure of 100 kPa. The
piston has a mass of 5 kg and a diameter of 12 cm. Pressure of the gas is to be
increased by placing some weights on the piston. Determine the local atmospheric
pressure and the mass of the weights that will double the pressure of the gas inside the
cylinder.
9 A rigid tank contains 6 kg of an ideal gas at 3 atm and 40C. Now a valve is
opened, and half of mass of the gas is allowed to escape. If the final pressure in the
tank is 2.2 atm, the final temperature in the tank is
(a) 186C (b) 59 (c) -43C (d) 20C (e) 230C
10 The pressure of an automobile tire is measured to be 190 kPa (gage) before a trip
and 215 kPa (gage) after the trip at a location where the atmospheric pressure is 95
kPa. If the temperature of air in the tire before the trip is 25C, the air temperature
after the trip is
(a) 51.1C (b) 64.2C (c) 27.2C (d) 28.3C (e) 25.0C

11- A spherical balloon with a diameter of 6 m is filled with helium at 20C and 200
kPa. Determine the mole number and the mass of the helium in the balloon.
( Answers: 9.28 kmol, 37.15 kg ).
12- Two tanks, A and B, are connected by a pipe and a valve, which initially closed.
Tank A initially contains 0.3 m3 of nitrogen at 6 bar and 60 oC, while tank B initially
evacuated. The valve is then opened, and nitrogen flows into tank B until the pressure
in this tank reaches 1.5 bar and the temperature is 20 oC. As a result, the pressure in
tank A drops to 4 bar and the temperature changes to 50 oC. Determine the volume of
tank B.
13- A 1 m3 tank containing air at 25C and 500 kPa is connected through a valve to
another tank containing 5 kg of air at 35C and 200 kPa. Now the valve is opened,
and the entire system is allowed to reach thermal equilibrium with the surroundings,
which are at 20C. Determine the volume of the second tank and the final equilibrium
pressure of air. ( Answers: 2.21 m3, 284.1 kPa).

14- A piston cylinder arrangement, Shown in figure,

Contains air at 250 kPa, 300 oC. The 50 Kg piston has
a diameter of 0.1 m and initially pushes against the
stops. The atmosphere is at 100 kPa and 20 oC. The
cylinder now cools as heat is transferred to the
ambient.
a. At what temperature does the piston begins to
move down ?
b. How far the piston dropped when the temperature
reaches the ambient?