EMERGENCY

RESPONSE
PROCEDURES

ALLAN NORMAN F. BIRION, EMT-B

LECTURER

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

FIRE EMERGENCY PROCEDURE

BEFORE
2.
Identify and report fire hazards and unsafe
work practices.
3.
Unplug all electrical equipment when not in
operation, unless necessary.
4.
Maintain office sanitation and proper
housekeeping
5.
Familiarize and keep emergency exits marked,
lighted and free from any obstruction.
6.
Familiarize location of fire alarm, fire
extinguishers and other fire fighting
equipment.

6. Enforce No Smoking policy and report

violators.
7. Welding work should have work permit and
fire extinguishers at hand for the duration.

l
2.

3.

DURING
After the first sign of fire, make every attempt to
put it off. The first three (3) minutes is critical as it
is still containable with fire extinguishers.
Thereafter, the nearest fire alarm should be
sounded
If evacuation is ordered, stay calm. Dont panic.
Follow your Floor Marshal and his assistant
toward the emergency exit opposite of the fire
location, in an orderly fashion.

DURING
3. If your life is not threatened, make every
effort to search your work area to see any
possible straggler and lead them to the exit
stairwells downs to the ground floor.
4. Do not use the elevator during evacuation.
l

H
2.

3.

4.

AFTER
Check yourself for any bodily injury and
immediately report for first aid treatment.
Report to your Floor Marshal for physical
accounting at the designated assembly area.
Report your colleague who is probably missing.

July 16, 1990

Northern Luzon
Magnitude 7.7
1,666 dead
3,500 injured
P11 B property damage
P1.2 B agricultural damage

OFFICE OF CIVILDFENSE

Causes of Earthquakes
Earthquakesoccurfromthedeformationofouter,brittleportionsof
"tectonic plates", the earth's outermost layer of crust and upper mantle.
Due to the heating and cooling of the rock below these plates, the
resultingconvectioncausestheadjacentlyoverlyingplatestomove,and,
under great stresses, deform. The rates of plate movements range from
about 2 to 12 centimeters per year. Sometimes, tremendous energy can
build up within a single, or between neighboring plates. If the
accumulated stress exceeds the strength of the rocks making up these
brittle zones, the rocks can break suddenly, releasing the stored energy
as an earthquake. An earthquake begins when the plates push against
earth other and the pressure builds. Cracks start to appear in walls and
roads. The ground may shiver (tremor). Where the rocks snap seismic
waves (body waves) make the ground move. The first ones ( primary )
travelthroughrock,volcaniclava,waterandevenair.

Therearethreemainplatetectonicenvironments:extensional,
transform, and compressional. Plate boundaries in different
localities are subject to different inter-plate stresses,
producingthesethreetypesofearthquakes.Eachtypehasits
ownspecialhazards.

What to
do?
l BEFORE
l DURING
l AFTER
an EARTHQUAKE
School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

Determine if site is along

an active fault or prone to
liquefaction or landslides
l

If you need help, consult

PHIVOLCS

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

What to do Before (2)

Make sure that proper
structural design and
engineering practice is
followed when
constructing a building
or house

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

Check the integrity

of your building; (!)
Secure structural
plan of the building
Identify structural
elements;
Determine condition
of each structural
element;

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

Familiarize
yourself with
places you
frequent

Know exit areas

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

What to do Before (5)

Identify safe spots :

Under

a sturdy
desk or table
In a strong
supported
doorway
In an inside corner
of the room

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

What to do Before (6)

Identify danger zones

- Windows and glass
- Book shelves,
machinery, cabinets
and furniture that may
topple or slide
- Hanging objects

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

Prepare place of work/residence

for the event

Secure all hanging and heavy objects

Store breakable items, harmful
chemicals, flammable materials in
lowermost shelves and secure.
Keep heavy materials in lower shelves.
Turn off gas tanks when not in use.

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

Prepare
Earthquake Plan
Earthquake Survival Kit

v
l
t
r
r
i

First Aid Kit with Water

Purification Tablets
AM/FM Radio
Water & High-energy
Food
Tools & Ropes
Candles & Flashlights
Blankets
Tissue Paper & Waste
Bags
Pencil and Paper

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

What to Do During (1)

Inside a structurally sound building

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

What to Do During (2)

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

Go to
safe
spots
Protect
your
head
from
falling
debris

If outside, move to an open area.

Get away from power lines,
posts, walls, other structures
that may fall or collapse.

Stay away from buildings

with glass panes.
School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

When driving a vehicle, pull to the side of

the road and stop.

Do not attempt to cross bridges or overpasses

which may have been damaged.
School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

If along the shore and you feel an earthquake strong

enough to make standing difficult, it is best to assume
that a tsunami has been triggered.

Run away from the

shore toward higher
ground

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

What to do After (1)

i

Take emergency kit

Get out calmly in an
orderly manner. Go to
an open area.
Use the stairs. Do not
use the elevator.
Check for and attend
to injuries

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

Check Surrounding
g
e

Check for fire and if any,

have it controlled.
Clean up chemical spills,
toxic and flammable
materials to avoid any
chain of unwanted events.
Check water, gas and
electrical lines for defects.
If any damage is
suspected, turn the system
off in the main valve or
switch.
Use flashlights; never light
a match.

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

Help reduce number of

casualties
e

.
r

Dont enter partially

damaged building, strong
aftershocks may cause
further collapse.
Gather information and
disaster prevention
instruction from battery
-operated radios.
Obey public safety
precautions/instructions.
Limit telephone calls.

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

Document observation
t

s
s

Damaged parts of
building
Damaged utilities
Fires
School record/security
logbook

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

V-Shape

Pancake
Cantilever
Lean To


2.
3.
4.
5.

BEFORE
Maintain good housekeeping.
Familiarize everything that normally belong in
your work area as to those that do not.
Accost unescorted personnel wandering in your
work area without legitimate purpose.
Considered abandoned packages as suspect.
Notify security immediately. Never touch or
move suspected items. Let the experts handle it.


2.

3.

4.

WHEN A THREAT CALL IS RECEIVED

Take mental note of the exact threat, the voice
and accent of the suspect and the noise in the
background.
Prolong the conversation by calmly talking to the
suspect at to where the bomb is situated, how
many minutes are left before it goes off, what is
the motive for such threat, etc.
Immediately report to the Security Officer.

4. When a search is ordered, see what belongs to

your area and otherwise.
5. During the search, security shall give special
attention to the comfort rooms and emergency
stairwells as probable hiding place of
explosives.

P
2.

3.
4.
5.

WHEN EVACUATION IS ORDERED

Follow your Floor and Assistant Floor
Marshals toward the fore exit. Stay calm and
do not panic. Remember that excitement can
cause confusion and may aggravate the
situation.
Take the fire exit opposite to where the
suspected bomb is situated.
Proceed straight to the designated area for
accounting and consolidation.
Check self for any injury that necessitates first
aid treatment.

If theres explosion:
HOTZONE
1.Be calm and dont panic.
2. Evacuate to the safest area. Around 300
meters away from the explosion site.
3. Seek assistance (call for help) e.g. Police,
Bomb disposal unit, fire department, EMS,
Rescue etc.

4. Dont drag or pull severely wounded

victims to avoid further injuries.
5. Let the rescuers do the job of extricating the
victims.
6. If you are profusely bleeding but can move
your hands, try to stop the bleeding by
applying direct pressure to the wound to
prevent further blood loss.

7. Remember your first aid.

8. Dont use any electronic device such as
cellular phones, pagers or handheld radios
etc. for they can trigger or activate
secondary explosions.

COLD ZONE
1. Do not enter the 300 meters
barrier.
2. Follow the orders of the
security personnel.
3. If you are a first aider/MD/RN,
look for the medical officer in
charge on site, make the proper
introduction and offer additional
help if needed.

BOMB/CHEMICAL/BIOCHEMICAL AGENTS

Before the attack:

Do not touch, cover or move the device

Isolate the area
Attempt to move upwind
Make proper notification

After dissemination:

Stay upwind of the attack site

Make proper notification

SPECIFIC FEATURES
S

MAIL BOMB

. At least 1/4 inch thick

n

. Bulkier than normal letters

. Rigid, uneven appearance

. Protruding wires or aluminum foil

. Springiness

Stains or strange
odors
Excessive weight

Foreign mail
Excessive
postage

CHEMICAL/ BIOLOGICAL WEAPON on MAIL

G

. Excessive use of tape on envelope

.Packages that are leaking any substance

.Substance felt through or appearing on the package

P
d

Confirm return address

Confirm delivery from special courier

The 4 Donts
Dont
become a
victim

Dont rush in

The 4
Donts
Dont Taste,
Eat, Smell,
Touch

Dont assume
anything

Effects of explosions

Dont touch, move or disturb any

suspicious package, bag, etc.
left unattended

Intended Victim:
Did She Open The
Package Bomb?

The Unintended
Victim opened
the package. Note
blast and thermal
effects on body.

Be SAFE
Safety is first
Assess before acting
Focus on avoiding the hazard
Evaluate the situation and
report

What is ICS?
Incident Command System is the model tool for
command, control and coordination of a
response & provides a means to coordinate the
efforts of individual agencies as they work
toward the common goal of stabilizing the
incident & protecting life, property, & the
environment.

Establishment of Incident Command Post (ICP)

with various emergency Services at the Site
The ICP shall be established at the site of the
incident & shall be under the control of the 1st
official to respond & arrive thereat. The first
responders to emergencies are people near the
affected community & neighboring barangays.

The Incident Commander (IC)

shall initiate the proper
mobilization of the various
responders who are operating in
the area.
The IC shall be directly in
command & control of various
emergency services.

When is ICS is USED?

ICS has been proven effective for responding to all

types of incidents, including:

Hazardous materials (hazmat incidents);

PLANNED EVENTS (e.g. Celebrations, parades, concerts, official visit,

etc.)
Response to natural hazards;
Single & multi-agency, law enforcement incidents;
Lack of comprehensive resource mngt. Strategy;
Fires;
Incidents involving multiple casualties;
Multi jurisdictional & multi-agency incidents
Air, water, rail, or ground transportation accidents;
Wide area search & rescue missions;
Pest eradication programs; and
Private sector emergency mngt. programs

INCIDENT COMMANDER
OPERATION OFFICER
MEDIA OFFICER
LIASON OFFICER

PLANNING

SAR

OPERATION

FIRE

LOGISTICS

FINANCE & ADMIN

MEDICAL EVACUATION & RELIEF

DANA

&
o
n
n

Performing command activities, such as establishing command &

establishing the ICP;
Protecting life & property;
Controlling personnel & equipment resources;
Maintaining accountability for responder & public safety, as well as or task
accomplishment and;
Establishing & maintaining an effective liaison w/ outside agencies &
organizations, including the EOC, when it is activated;
Will be the senior-first responder to arrive at the scene. As additional
responders arrive, command will transfer on the basis of who has the
primary authority for over-all control of the incident. As the incident grow
in size or become more complex, the responsible person who has the
jurisdiction in the area or agency may assign a more highly qualified
Incident Commander. After transfer of command, the outgoing Incident
Commander must give the incoming Incident Commander a full briefing &
notify all staff of the change in command.

Assertive, decisive, objective, calm & a quick

thinker;
Adaptable, flexible, & realistic about his/her
limitations;
Have the capability to delegate positions
appropriate as needed for an incident.

For rapid/slow onset natural disaster, the IC will be the local Chief Executive
(LCE) or duly designated officials depending on geographic
location/jurisdiction.
In rapid onset natural disasters like earthquake, tsunami, volcanic eruption,
landside & flashflood:
Two or more affected barangay: Mayor
Two or more affected municipalities: Governor

For human-made/technological disaster, the team leader of first responders

arrives first on the scene will be the Incident Commander.
Transfer of command will be triggered when theres a threat to life,
environmental & properties:
Chemical/Hazmat: BFP (IN LAND) & PCG
Combination of bombing & Hazmat: PNP
Biological Epidemics: Dept. of Health
Bombing/Explosion: PNP
Radiological: Phil. Nuclear Research Institute
Conflagration: BFP

1.
2.

3.

INCIDENT COMMAND POST

ONE OR MORE STAGING
AREAS
BASE

BASE- the location at which primary logistics functions for

an incident are coordinated & administered. There is
only one base per incident. (Incident name or other
designator will be added to the term Base). The ICP
may be located with the base.
INCIDENT COMMAND POST- the location at which the
primary command function take place or executed. The
incident commander is located at the Incident
Command Post.
STAGING AREA - are location set-up at an incident where
resources can be placed while awaiting a tactical
assignment. Staging areas are manage by the Operation
Section.

1.

Casualty Collection

3.

Triage Centers

3. Helibase