DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN LEDSCORE BOARD FOR MINNA TOWNSHIP

STADIUM

OCHEJA E. GABRIEL
2004118844EE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND

COMPUTER ENGINEERING
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,
MINNA
"

DECEMBER 2009.

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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN LEDSCORE BOARD FOR MINNA TOWNSHIP

STADIUM

(ErrOCHEJA E. GABRIEL
2004118844EE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,
MINNA
A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF
TECHNOLOGY, MINNA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE BACHELOR OF
ENGINEERING (B.ENG) DEGREE IN ELECTRICAL AND
COMPUTER ENGINEERING

DECEMBER 2009.

DECLARATION

I, Ocheja Enemaneju Gabriel, hereby declare that this work was done by me and has never been
presented anywhere for the award of a degree. I also hereby relinquish the copyright to the
Federal University of technology, Minna.

Ocheja E. Gabriel
(Name of Student)

J. A. Ajiboye

(Project Supervisor)

~_Al~l~~~

<J1\ M

l11) 1~f)l

---------------------------Signature and date

Signature and date

~: _ C~~)~_t"!t:_~J-~ k

.Engr. Dr. Y.A. Adediran

(External Examiner)

(Head of department)

-- - ~7~V~?k"
Signature and date

Signature and date

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LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 1.1

A Football Scoreboard

Fig. 1.2

A Basketball Scoreboard

Fig. 2.1

4-bit SIPO Shift Register

Fig. 2.2

4-bit PI SO Shift Register

Fig. 2.3

Diagram of a P-N junction

Fig. 2.4

Diagram

Fig. 3.1 Block diagram of Dot-matrix display

Fig. 3.2 Interface between PS/2 Keyboard and Microcontroller
Fig.3.3 Atmega 8515 microcontroller circuit configuration
Fig.3.4 LEOs arrangement in Matrix form.
Fig.3.5 Cascading the 74HC595 shift register.
Fig. 3.6 Block Diagram of 7-segment display section.
Fig. 3.6b AT89C51 Microcontroller circuit configuration
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Fig.3.7 LED Driver.

Fig. 3.8 LED 7-segment display circuitry.
Fig.3.9 Power Supply Circuitry.

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Compounds and LED colours.

Table 3.1 The PS/2 Keyboard connector
Table 4.1 Casing Specifications.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover Page .. ..... ......... .......................... .. .. ... ......... .. ....... ........ ... .... .. ..... ... ... ....... .. '"
Title Page.. .. ..... ........................ ......... .......... ..... .... ..... .. .........................................

11

Dedication ................. ............... .......... ....... .... ... ... ....... ... ..... ..... .......... :........ .........

III

Declaration..... ............ .. ............................... .. ......... ........... ..................................

IV

Acknowledgement... ... ............... .... ............ .... .. .... ... ...... ...... ........... ........... .... ...... v
Abstract........ ........... .. .................... ............... ........ ..... .. ... ...... ... ... ..... ... ................

VI

List of Figures....... .......... ............................ ..... .... ..... ....... ... ....... ... .............. .......

Vll

List of Tables .... ..... ........ ............... ... .......... ........ ..... .. ..... .. ......... ........ ................. viii
Chapter One Introduction
I

1.1

Introduction .. I................................................... . .......................................................... ..

1.2 Types of Electronic scoreboard.................... ........ .. ....... ..............................................

1.2.1

Football Scoreboard...... ......... ....... ............ ...... ............................................ 2

1.2.2

Basketball Scoreboard............. .............. ................ ................. .. ..... ................ 3

IX

1.3 Aims and Objectives......................................... ..... .. ............ .... ....... ............................ .... .. 4

1.4 Significance......... ........... .... ............. ............ ... ......... ....... ...... .. ........... ............................... 4

1.5 Methodology ..... ... ......... .... ... .. .................. ... ..................................................................... 5

1.6 Scope and limitations... ........ ... ..... ...... ..... .... ... ............ ...................................................... 5

1.7 Project Layout........ ......... ............................... .... .. ...... ................................. ..................... 5

Chapter Two:

Literature review and Theoretical background

2.1 Brief History............. ................... ...... .............. ............ .............. ...................................... 6

2.2 Previous works of others......................................................................... ........ .... ............ 8
2.3 Theoretical Background............................ ... ..... .. ........ ...... ....... ......... .................... .......... 9
2.3.1 The Power Supply Unit..................................... ....................... ............................. 9
2.3.2 Microcontroller.................................. ... ............................................................... 10
2.3.2.1 Types of microcontrollers.. .. .. ...... ............... ... ................. .. .................... 11
2.3.2.2

Microcontroller Programs...... ...... ... ....... ..... ... .... ................................... 12

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2.3.2.3 Programming environment of a microcontroller............................................... 13

2.3.3 Shift Registers........ .......................................................... .................................... 14
2.3.3 .1 Serial in Serial Out Shift register ............................................... :............... 15
2.3.3.2 Serial in Parallel Out Shift registers.........................................................

15

2.3.3.3 Parallel in Serial Out Shift Registers.. ... ............. ......... ...... ........................

16

2.4 Light-emitting Diodes.............. .......... .... ... ...... ... ...... .... ......... ......................................

17

2.5 Block Diagranl ... ............ ... ....... .... ........ .. ...... ....................... ........................ :............ ...

18

Chapter Three: Design and Implementation

3.1 The dot-matrix display board section ...................................... ,................................

19

3.1.1 Tne Keyboard interface ...................... .. ................................ :..............................

20

3.1.2 Atmega 8515 Microcontroller............................ .. ..............................................

22

3.1.3 LED Dot matrix display....................... ........................... .............. .... ....................

24

3.2 The Seven Segment Display section.............................................................................

25

3.2.1 AT89C51 Microcontroller........................................................................... :....... 26

3.2.2 LED Driver..................................... .. ................................................................... 28
3.2.3 LED Seven Segment display ............ .... ....................................... :........................ 30

XI

3.3 Power Supply Section......... .... ......... ..... ........................................................................

31

3.4 Software Development Section .... ..... .......... "..... .... ..... .. ................................................. 34
3.4. I Dot matrix board program development.. ....... .. ........................ .......................... 34
3.4.2 Seven-segment board software development ................... ......... .......................... 36

Chapter Four Construction, Testing and Discussion of Results.

4.1 Assembly ............ .. ............. .... .... .... .... ...... ... ..... ..... .. .. ..... ..... ....... ........ ...... .... .......... ...... 39
4.2 Tests and results............................................ ... ... ............. ........................................... 39

Chapter Five Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1 Conclusion ....... .. .. .. .... .... ... .. ...... .. ................... .... ..... ....... .. ..,.. ........... ................ ........... 41

5.2 Recommendation .................. .... ... ... ........ ..... .. ............................................................... 41

References ......................... ................ .............. .. ...... ...... ... .. ...... ........ ... ............. ... ................ 42

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