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(B1)ElectronicFundamentals
1.1a.SemiconductorsDiodes.
QuestionNumber.
1.
WhatgivesthecolourofanLED?.
OptionA.
Theactiveelement.
OptionB.
Theplasticitisencasedin.
OptionC.
Thetypeofgasusedinsideit.
CorrectAnsweris. Theactiveelement.
Explanation. The active element istheelementusedinthedopingofthesemiconductormaterial.AircraftElectricityandElectronics
5thEditionEisminPage121.
QuestionNumber.
2.
Agermaniumdiodeisusedfor.
OptionA.
rectification.
OptionB.
voltagestabilization.
OptionC.
modulation.
CorrectAnsweris. rectification.
Explanation. Germaniumdiodehastheleastforwardbiasvoltagedropandisbestforrectification.
QuestionNumber.
3.
WhyisadiodeputinparallelwithanLED?.
OptionA.
ToprotectitfromAC.
OptionB.
Soitwillworkonlyaboveacertainvoltage.
OptionC.
Soitwillworkonlybelowacertainvoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. ToprotectitfromAC.
Explanation. An LED has a high forward bias voltage drop butis easilydamagedwhenreversebiased.AC isthereforenotgoodfor
anLED.
QuestionNumber.
4.
Whentestingtheforwardbiasofadiodewithamultimeter.
OptionA.
thepositiveleadoftheohmmeterisplacedontheanode.
OptionB.
itdoesnotmatterwhichterminalthepositiveleadoftheohmeterisplaced.
OptionC.
thepositiveleadoftheohmmeterisplacedonthecathode.
CorrectAnsweris. thepositiveleadoftheohmmeterisplacedontheanode.
Explanation. To test forward bias, the positive lead of the multimeter must be placed on the anode. Note: If the question says
'moving coil meter' then it would be the negativeleadontheanode,sincethenegativesideofthebatteryinsuchameterisconnected
tothe+lead.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage113.
QuestionNumber.
5.
Thisisadiagramof.
OptionA.
anSCR.
OptionB.
aTRIAC.
OptionC.
aSchottkydiode.
CorrectAnsweris. anSCR.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
6.
WhichofthefollowingdescribesthecharacteristicsofaThyristor?.
OptionA.
Highvoltagehandling.
OptionB.
Highpowerhandling.
OptionC.
Highcurrenthandling.
CorrectAnsweris. Highcurrenthandling.
Explanation. Athyristor(suchasanSCR)isahighcurrentswitching.
QuestionNumber.
7.
LightEmittingDiodes(LEDs).
OptionA.
emitlightofonlyonewavelengthdependentontype.
OptionB.
haveverywideviewingangles.
OptionC.
areeasilydamagedifforwardbiasedbmorethan5V.
CorrectAnsweris. emitlightofonlyonewavelengthdependentontype.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
8.
Inasemiconductorjunctiondiode,electronsaretheminoritycarriers.
OptionA.
withinthePregion.
OptionB.
withintheNregion.
OptionC.
inboththeNandPregions.
CorrectAnsweris. withinthePregion.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
9.
Asilicondiode,whencomparedtoagermaniumdiodehas.
OptionA.
ahigherforwardbiasvoltage.
OptionB.
thesameforwardbiasvoltage.
OptionC.
lessforwardbiasvoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. ahigherforwardbiasvoltage.
Explanation. Si=0.6V,Ge=0.2V.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage111.
QuestionNumber.
10.
Thissymbolis.
OptionA.
atransistor.
OptionB.
adiode.
OptionC.
atriac.
CorrectAnsweris. adiode.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
11.
Thissymbolis.
OptionA.
aphotodiode.
OptionB.
alaserdiode.
OptionC.
anLED.
CorrectAnsweris. aphotodiode.
Explanation. Thephotodiodeisusedinreversebias.Theminoritycurrentincreaseswhenlightshinesonit.
QuestionNumber.
12.
Azenerdiode.
OptionA.
allowscurrenttoflowinonedirection.
OptionB.
stabilizesvoltageatapredeterminedlevel.
OptionC.
actslikeaswitch.
CorrectAnsweris. stabilizesvoltageatapredeterminedlevel.
Explanation. Zener diodes are usually used involtageregulatorcircuits.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage
385.
QuestionNumber.
13.
Ajunctiondiode.
OptionA.
issimilartoavacuumdiodebutcannotrectify.
OptionB.
hasonepnjunction.
OptionC.
canhandleonlyverysmallcurrents.
CorrectAnsweris. hasonepnjunction.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
14.
Reversebias.
OptionA.
raisesthepotentialbarrier.
OptionB.
lowersthepotentialbarrier.
OptionC.
greatlyincreasesthemajoritycarriercurrent.
CorrectAnsweris. raisesthepotentialbarrier.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
15.
Adiodeconnectedacrossarelaycoilisusedto.
OptionA.
dissipatecoilspikesonswitchoff.
OptionB.
allowthecoiltoenergizewithonlyonepolarity.
OptionC.
causeadelayinswitchingon.
CorrectAnsweris. dissipatecoilspikesonswitchoff.
Explanation. AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage121readingmaterial.
QuestionNumber.
16.
To check theforwardresistanceofadiodewithamultimeter,theleadconnectedtothepositiveterminal
isputtothe.
OptionA.
anode.
OptionB.
cathode.
OptionC.
eitheranodeorcathode.
CorrectAnsweris. anode.
Explanation. To forward bias a diode with a multimeter, the positiveleadmustbeconnected tothe anode.Note:Ifitwereamoving
coilmeter,youmustconnectthenegativeleadtotheanodesincethepositiveendofthebatteryisconnectedtothenegativelead.
QuestionNumber.
17.
Athyristorhaswhichofthefollowing?.
OptionA.
Apositivetemperaturecoefficient.
OptionB.
Highresistancewhenswitchedoff.
OptionC.
Highresistancewhenswitchedon.
CorrectAnsweris. Highresistancewhenswitchedoff.
Explanation. Thethyristor(suchasanSCRorTRIAC)isbasicallyaswitchwhichprovidesahighresistancewhenswitchedoff.
QuestionNumber.
18.
Whatdoesthecircuitshowndo?.
OptionA.
Fullwaverectifier.
OptionB.
Halfwaverectifier.
OptionC.
Voltagedoubler.
CorrectAnsweris. Halfwaverectifier.
Explanation. The diagram shows a half wave rectifier. The capacitor is for smoothing the output. A full wave rectifier requires 4
diodesandavoltagedoublerrequirestwocapacitors.
QuestionNumber.
19.
InanLED,whatisusedtomakethecolour?.
OptionA.
Theplasticlenscover.
OptionB.
Theelectrons.
OptionC.
Thedopingmaterial.
CorrectAnsweris. Thedopingmaterial.
Explanation. ThedopantiswhatgivestheLEDitscolour.
QuestionNumber.
20.
Anatomwith5electronsinitsoutershellispartof.
OptionA.
aCtypematerial.
OptionB.
aPtypematerial.
OptionC.
anNtypematerial.
CorrectAnsweris. anNtypematerial.
Explanation. An atom with five electrons in its outer shell(pentavalent)willprovideanextra freeelectronandmakethematerialan
Ntype.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage110.
QuestionNumber.
21.
Athyristoriscommonlyusedfor.
OptionA.
overvoltsregulation.
OptionB.
voltageregulation.
OptionC.
rectification.
CorrectAnsweris. rectification.
Explanation. Athyristor(especiallyanSCR)isoftenusedforrectification.
QuestionNumber.
22.
Adiodewhichemitsphotonswhenconductingisa.
OptionA.
lightemitting.
OptionB.
varactor.
OptionC.
zener.
CorrectAnsweris. lightemitting.
Explanation. Photons=light,soadiodewhichemitslightisaLightEmittingDiode.
QuestionNumber.
23.
TheelectrodesofanSCRare.
OptionA.
gate,cathode,anode.
OptionB.
source,drain,gate.
OptionC.
anode,cathode,source.
CorrectAnsweris. gate,cathode,anode.
Explanation. The electrodes of an SCR are the anode, cathode and the gate. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin
Page120.
QuestionNumber.
24.
WhatgivesanLEDitscolour?.
OptionA.
Agas.
OptionB.
Thecover.
OptionC.
Compositionandimpurityofthecompound.
CorrectAnsweris. Compositionandimpurityofthecompound.
Explanation. ItisthedopingelementwhichgivesanLEDitscolour.
QuestionNumber.
25.
Forwardvoltageofasilicondiodeis.
OptionA.
1.6V.
OptionB.
0.6V.
OptionC.
0.2V.
CorrectAnsweris. 0.6V.
Explanation. Si=0.6V,Ge=0.2VAircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage111or113.
QuestionNumber.
26.
WhatisthetypicalvoltsdropacrossanLED.
OptionA.
0.2V.
OptionB.
0.4V.
OptionC.
1.6V.
CorrectAnsweris. 1.6V.
Explanation. AnLEDvoltsdropistypically1.62.4V.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage121.
QuestionNumber.
27.
Whatdiodegivesofflightphotonswhenforwardbiased.
OptionA.
LED.
OptionB.
Gunndiode.
OptionC.
Schottkydiode.
CorrectAnsweris. LED.
Explanation. LEDsgiveofflight(photons)whenforwardbiased.
QuestionNumber.
28.
The anode of a diode is connected to a +4V DC supply and the cathode is connected to a +2V DC
supply.Thediodeis.
OptionA.
forwardbiasednotconducting.
OptionB.
reversebiasednotconducting.
OptionC.
forwardbiasedconducting.
CorrectAnsweris. forwardbiasedconducting.
Explanation. Forwardbiasisanodetocathode.4Vfwdbiasand2Vreversebias,thediodeis2Vfwdbiasintotal.
QuestionNumber.
29.
Usingelectronflowinadiodethecurrentflowsfrom.
OptionA.
AnodetoCathode.
OptionB.
CathodetoBase.
OptionC.
CathodetoAnode.
CorrectAnsweris. CathodetoAnode.
Explanation. ELECTRON FLOW (i.e. American notation) is cathode to anode(againstthearrowdirection).AircraftElectricityand
Electronics5thEditionEisminPage111.
QuestionNumber.
30.
Whenaholediffusesfromthepregiontothenregion.
OptionA.
raisesthepotentialbarrier.
OptionB.
itbecomesaminoritycarrierinthenregion.
OptionC.
lowersthepotentialbarrier.
CorrectAnsweris. raisesthepotentialbarrier.
Explanation. The potentialbarrier isformedbyholesdiffusingfromthePregiontotheNregion,(andelectronsdiffusingfromtheN
regiontothePregion).
QuestionNumber.
31.
Ajunctiondiode.
OptionA.
canhandleonlysmallcurrents.
OptionB.
issimilartoavacuumdiodebutcannotrectify.
OptionC.
hasonepnjunction.
CorrectAnsweris. hasonepnjunction.
Explanation. Ajunctiondiodeissonamedforitsonejunction.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage111.
QuestionNumber.
32.
Agermaniumdiode.
OptionA.
hasalowerforwardbiasvoltagethanasilicondiode.
OptionB.
hasahigherforwardbiasvoltagethanasilicondiode.
OptionC.
hasthesameforwardbiasvoltageasasilicondiode.
CorrectAnsweris. hasalowerforwardbiasvoltagethanasilicondiode.
Explanation. Forward bias voltage of germanium diode = 0.2 V. Silicon diode = 0.6 V. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
EditionEisminPage111.
QuestionNumber.
33.
Whatswitchesoffathyristor?.
OptionA.
Reversebiasgate.
OptionB.
Removethegatevoltage.
OptionC.
Removesupplyvoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. Removesupplyvoltage.
QuestionNumber.
34.
WhenanSCRisswitchedonithas.
OptionA.
lowresistance.
OptionB.
nochangeinresistance.
OptionC.
highresistance.
CorrectAnsweris. lowresistance.
Explanation. An SCR is basically a switch, which, when switched on has a low resistance. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
EditionEisminPage120.
QuestionNumber.
35.
WhattypeofpulseisrequiredtoswitchonanSCR?.
OptionA.
Positive.
OptionB.
Negative.
OptionC.
Positiveornegative.
CorrectAnsweris. Positive.
Explanation. ApositivepulseisrequiredtoswitchanSCRon.
QuestionNumber.
36.
ApieceofpureGermanium.
OptionA.
iselectricallystable.
OptionB.
hasadeficitofelectrons.
OptionC.
hasanexcessofelectrons.
CorrectAnsweris. iselectricallystable.
Explanation. In a solid piece of semiconductor material, all the valence electrons are occupied in the covalent bond. It does not
conductelectricity.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage110.
QuestionNumber.
37.
Whenadiodeisforwardbiased,currentflowismainlyduetothe.
OptionA.
germaniumbiasjunction.
OptionB.
majoritycarriers.
OptionC.
minoritycarriers.
CorrectAnsweris. majoritycarriers.
Explanation. Forwardbias=majoritycarriers.
QuestionNumber.
38.
Whenadiodeisforwardbiasedthe.
OptionA.
positiveleadisconnectedtobothNandPtype.
OptionB.
positiveleadisconnectedtotheNtypeandnegativetothePtype.
OptionC.
positiveleadisconnectedtothePtypeandnegativetotheNtype.
CorrectAnsweris. positiveleadisconnectedtothePtypeandnegativetotheNtype.
Explanation. To forward biased, connect Positive to P, Negative to N. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page
117.
QuestionNumber.
39.
ThetypicalvoltagedropacrossanL.E.Dis.
OptionA.
2V.
OptionB.
4V.
OptionC.
6V.
CorrectAnsweris. 2V.
Explanation. 2Vtypical.
QuestionNumber.
40.
WhatarethemajoritycarriersforaforwardbiasedPNjunctiondevice?.
OptionA.
Electronsandholes.
OptionB.
Holes.
OptionC.
Electrons.
CorrectAnsweris. Electronsandholes.
Explanation. MajoritycarriersareelectronsintheNmaterial,andholesinthePmaterial.
QuestionNumber.
41.
Germaniuminitspurestateis.
OptionA.
negativelycharged.
OptionB.
neutral.
OptionC.
positivelycharged.
CorrectAnsweris. neutral.
Explanation. Both germanium and silicon are neutrally charged, even when doped. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition
EisminPage110.
QuestionNumber.
42.
Whichdiodehasalowerforwardbiasvoltage?.
OptionA.
Silicon.
OptionB.
Germanium.
OptionC.
Bothhavethesameforwardbiasvoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. Germanium.
Explanation. Siliconabout0.6V,Germaniumabout0.2V.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage111.
QuestionNumber.
43.
AZenerdiodeisusedfor.
OptionA.
voltagestabilisation.
OptionB.
rectification.
OptionC.
voltageregulation.
CorrectAnsweris. voltageregulation.
Explanation. AZenerdiodeisusedforvoltageregulation.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage120.
QuestionNumber.
44.
AthyristorSCRisa.
OptionA.
bidirectionaldevice.
OptionB.
unidirectionaldevice.
OptionC.
multidirectionaldevice.
CorrectAnsweris. unidirectionaldevice.
Explanation.
http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/electronic/diac.html#c4
QuestionNumber.
45.
WhatcomponentisusedtoturnACtoDC?.
OptionA.
Thyristor.
OptionB.
Diode.
OptionC.
Transistor.
CorrectAnsweris. Diode.
Explanation. Although a thyristor (SCR) can be used, a diode is more common. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition
EisminPage113.
QuestionNumber.
45.
WhatcomponentisusedtoturnACtoDC?.
OptionA.
Thyristor.
OptionB.
Diode.
OptionC.
Transistor.
CorrectAnsweris. Diode.
Explanation. Although a thyristor (SCR) can be used, a diode is more common. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition
EisminPage113.
QuestionNumber.
46.
Whatisanintrinsicmaterial?.
OptionA.
Onewithaddedelements.
OptionB.
Onewithremovedelements.
OptionC.
Apurematerial.
CorrectAnsweris. Apurematerial.
Explanation. Intrinsicisapurematerial.
QuestionNumber.
47.
Thevoltagedropofasilicondiodeis.
OptionA.
1V.
OptionB.
0.7V.
OptionC.
0.3V.
CorrectAnsweris. 0.7V.
Explanation. AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage111.
QuestionNumber.
48.
AdiodeisparalleltoanLEDinanACcircuitto.
OptionA.
providecorrectamountofcurrentforLEDwhencircuitisswitchedon.
OptionB.
preventbackEMFinthecircuitwhenLEDisswitchedoff.
OptionC.
protectLEDfromACcurrentwhenswitchedon.
CorrectAnsweris. protectLEDfromACcurrentwhenswitchedon.
Explanation. ThenegativehalfcycleoftheACmustbebypassedaroundtheLED.
QuestionNumber.
49.
Inaforwardbiaseddiode,currentiscarriedby.
OptionA.
majoritycarriers.
OptionB.
both.
OptionC.
minoritycarriers.
CorrectAnsweris. both.
Explanation. Forwardbiasisboth,reversebiasisminoritycarriersonly.
QuestionNumber.
50.
Whencheckingadiodeforreversebiasresistancethepositiveleadgoesto.
OptionA.
anodeandnegativeleadtoearth.
OptionB.
cathodeandnegativeleadtoanode.
OptionC.
anodeandnegativeleadtocathode.
CorrectAnsweris. cathodeandnegativeleadtoanode.
Explanation. Positiveleadtocathode.
QuestionNumber.
51.
Zenerdiodesareusedfor.
OptionA.
Currentcontrol.
OptionB.
Voltagecontrol.
OptionC.
Temperaturecontrol.
CorrectAnsweris. Voltagecontrol.
Explanation. Comment/Reference(ifavailable).
QuestionNumber.
52.
OncestartedconductinganSCRswitchesoff.
OptionA.
onlywhentheanodegoesnegativetothecathode.
OptionB.
automaticallyafteraspecifictime.
OptionC.
onlywhentheanodegoespositivetothecathode.
CorrectAnsweris. onlywhentheanodegoesnegativetothecathode.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
53.
Inaforwardbiaseddiode,electronsleavethe.
OptionA.
theanode.
OptionB.
thecathode.
OptionC.
thedopedarea.
CorrectAnsweris. thecathode.
Explanation. explainAnswer[3]="Electrons jumpaccrossthedepletionlayerfromtheCathode (ve)totheAnode(+ve)torecombine
withtheholesandclosethedepletionlayer".
QuestionNumber.
54.
Diodesare.
OptionA.
conductors.
OptionB.
semiconductors.
OptionC.
Insulators.
CorrectAnsweris. semiconductors.
Explanation. Onlyanswerwhichiscorrectinbothbiasconfigurations.
QuestionNumber.
55.
Tofunction,i.e.conduct,ajunctiondiodemadeofsiliconrequiresaforwardbiasofatleast.
OptionA.
0.2V.
OptionB.
1.41V.
OptionC.
1V.
CorrectAnsweris. 1V.
Explanation. Silicondiodesrequirearound0.7V,soaistheclosest.
QuestionNumber.
56.
WhatistheaveragegainofanOpAmp?.
OptionA.
20.
OptionB.
200,000.
OptionC.
200.
CorrectAnsweris. 200,000.
1.1b.SemiconductorsDiodes.
QuestionNumber.
1.
Tunneldiodeshavethefollowingcharacteristics.
OptionA.
HeavilydopedPNjunctionwithanextremelynarrowdepletionregion.
OptionB.
LightlydopedPandNregionsandahighreversebreakdownvoltage.
OptionC.
LightlydopedPregion,heavilydopedNregionandhasafastresponsetime.
CorrectAnsweris. HeavilydopedPNjunctionwithanextremelynarrowdepletionregion.
Explanation. NIL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_diode
QuestionNumber.
2.
Thecapacitanceofavaractordiodeis.
OptionA.
inverselyproportionalwithreversebiasvoltage.
OptionB.
alinearfunctionofappliedreversebiasvoltage.
OptionC.
directlyrelatedtotheforwardbiasvoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. inverselyproportionalwithreversebiasvoltage.
QuestionNumber.
3.
Asemiconductordopedwithanelementhavingavalencyof5willproduce.
OptionA.
anNtypematerial.
OptionB.
eitheranNtypeoraPtypedependingonwhattypeofsemiconductormaterialisused.
OptionC.
aPtypematerial.
CorrectAnsweris. anNtypematerial.
Explanation. Pentavalent materials make an N type material duetoitsextraelectron.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5th Edition
EisminPage110.
QuestionNumber.
4.
In a diode clamper, if the resistor is removed making the time constant equal to C x r where r is the
reverseresistanceofthediode,thiswillensurea.
OptionA.
longtimeconstant.
OptionB.
shorttimeconstant.
OptionC.
VeryLongTimeConstant.
CorrectAnsweris. longtimeconstant.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
5.
PINdiodesareusedmainlyfor.
OptionA.
linearrectifiers.
OptionB.
fastswitchingdevices.
OptionC.
voltageoperatedrectifiers.
CorrectAnsweris. fastswitchingdevices.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
6.
ToenableanIMPATTdiodetooperatecorrectly,itmustbe.
OptionA.
connectedtoaresonantcircuit.
OptionB.
usedinitsreversebiasmode.
OptionC.
operatedinitsnegativeresistancerange.
CorrectAnsweris. operatedinitsnegativeresistancerange.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
7.
Whattypeofdiodewouldbeusedtostopvoltagespikesacrossacoilofarelay?.
OptionA.
Gunndiode.
OptionB.
Doubleactingdiode.
OptionC.
Schottkydiode.
CorrectAnsweris. Doubleactingdiode.
Explanation. NIL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_stabiliser,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zener_diode
QuestionNumber.
8.
Whatisaschottkydiodeusedfor?.
OptionA.
Rectification.
OptionB.
Stabilization.
OptionC.
Veryhighfrequencyapplications.
CorrectAnsweris. Veryhighfrequencyapplications.
Explanation. Aschottkydiodehasverylittlejunctioncapacitanceandcanbeusedforveryhighfrequencyswitchingapplications.
QuestionNumber.
9.
Whenaholediffusesfromapregiontothenregionit.
OptionA.
becomesaminoritycarrierinthenregion.
OptionB.
lowersthepotentialbarrier.
OptionC.
raisesthepotentialbarrier.
CorrectAnsweris. raisesthepotentialbarrier.
Explanation. This is descriptiveofholescrossingthePNjunctiontoformthedepletionlayer.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5th
EditionEisminPage111.
QuestionNumber.
10.
Thejunctionbarrieroffersoppositiontoonly.
OptionA.
holesinthepregion.
OptionB.
freeelectronsinthenregion.
OptionC.
majoritycarriersinbothregions.
CorrectAnsweris. majoritycarriersinbothregions.
QuestionNumber.
11.
Avalanchebreakdownoccurswhen.
OptionA.
reversebiasexceedsacertainvalue.
OptionB.
forwardbiasexceedsacertainvalue.
OptionC.
forwardcurrentbecomesexcessive.
CorrectAnsweris. reversebiasexceedsacertainvalue.
Explanation. Reverse biasing a diode will cause avalanche breakdown at a certain value. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
EditionEisminPage120.
QuestionNumber.
12.
If forward bias is increased from zero on a pn junction, a rapidincreaseincurrentflowforarelatively
smallincreaseinvoltageoccurs.
OptionA.
whentheflowofminoritycarriersissufficienttocauseanavalanchebreakdown.
OptionB.
whenthedepletionlayerbecomeslargerthanthespacechargearea.
OptionC.
onlyaftertheforwardbiasexceedsthepotentialbarrier.
CorrectAnsweris. onlyaftertheforwardbiasexceedsthepotentialbarrier.
Explanation. A forward biased PN junction will conduct only when the forward bias voltage exceeds the junction barrier i.e Si =
0.6V,Ge=0.2V.
QuestionNumber.
13.
Abandpassfilterexcludesfrequencies.
OptionA.
belowthefrequencyrequiredonly.
OptionB.
aboveandbelowthefrequencyrequired.
OptionC.
abovethefrequencyrequiredonly.
CorrectAnsweris. aboveandbelowthefrequencyrequired.
EditionEisminPage288.
QuestionNumber.
14.
Inanunbiasedpnjunction,currentflowis.
OptionA.
zero,becauseequalbutoppositecurrentsarecrossingthejunction.
OptionB.
zero,becausenochargesarecrossingthejunction.
OptionC.
duetothediffusionofminoritycarriersonly.
CorrectAnsweris. zero,becausenochargesarecrossingthejunction.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
15.
Withasmallamplitudevoltage,whattypeofdiodewouldyouusetoproducetheoutputwaveform?.
OptionA.
Gunn.
OptionB.
Zener.
OptionC.
Schottky.
CorrectAnsweris. Schottky.
Explanation. The first part of the device is a basic RC differentiator, providing positive and negative pulses from the square wave
input. The diode blocks the negative pulses. Since the amplitude is small, a fast acting diode with a low forward bias voltage is
required.TheSchottkydiodefitsthebill.
QuestionNumber.
16.
Whatdiodeisusedtostoppowerspikesinacoil?.
OptionA.
Gunndiode.
OptionB.
Schottkydiode.
OptionC.
Twodirectionalzenerdiode.
CorrectAnsweris. Twodirectionalzenerdiode.
Explanation. Atwodirectionalzenerdiode(actually2zenerdiodesbacktoback)isusedtostoppowerspikes.
QuestionNumber.
17.
Whattypeofdiodewhenforwardbiasedholesandelectronsrecombineproducingphotons?.
OptionA.
LED.
OptionB.
Photodiode.
OptionC.
Gunn.
CorrectAnsweris. LED.
Explanation. Theword'photons'implieslightemissioni.e.alightemittingdiode(LED).
QuestionNumber.
18.
Azenerdiodeisdesignedtooperate.
OptionA.
belowitsbreakdownvoltage.
OptionB.
eitheraboveorbelowitsbreakdownvoltage.
OptionC.
aboveitsbreakdownvoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. aboveitsbreakdownvoltage.
Explanation. A zener diode is designedtooperateaboveitsbreakdownvoltagecontinuously.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5th
EditionEisminPage120.
QuestionNumber.
19.
Atriacisatypeof.
OptionA.
thermistor.
OptionB.
transistor.
OptionC.
thyristor.
CorrectAnsweris. thyristor.
Explanation. Thyristorsinclude,SCRs,Triacsanddiacs.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage120.
QuestionNumber.
20.
Ifajunctiondiodeisreversebiasedtoofar,theoutputcurrentwould.
OptionA.
reversedirection.
OptionB.
ceasetoflow.
OptionC.
increase.
CorrectAnsweris. increase.
Explanation. Ifajunctiondiodeisreversebiasedtoofar,itwill'breakdown'andahighcurrentwillflow.
QuestionNumber.
21.
WhenaPNjunctionisforwardbiased,itconductsvia.
OptionA.
intrinsiccarrier.
OptionB.
majoritycarrier.
OptionC.
minoritycarrier.
CorrectAnsweris. majoritycarrier.
Explanation. Forwardbiasedmajoritycarriers.
QuestionNumber.
22.
IntheZenerDiodesuppressorshown,pointXinrespecttopointYshouldbe.
OptionA.
morePositive.
OptionB.
eitherpositiveornegative.
OptionC.
morenegative.
CorrectAnsweris. morenegative.
Explanation. AZenerDiodeisalwayswiredinreversebias.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage138.
QuestionNumber.
23.
Ifthereversebiasvoltageacrossadiodeistoohigh.
OptionA.
loadcurrentreducestozero.
OptionB.
loadcurrentincreasesrapidly.
OptionC.
loadcurrentreverses.
CorrectAnsweris. loadcurrentincreasesrapidly.
Explanation. Ifthereversebiasvoltageistoohigh,thediodewillbreakdownandpasscurrent.
QuestionNumber.
24.
AnLEDwhichemitsgreenlightuses.
OptionA.
galliumphosphide.
OptionB.
galliumarsenide.
OptionC.
galliumarsenidephosphide.
CorrectAnsweris. galliumphosphide.
Explanation. NIL. http://www.oksolar.com/led/led_color_chart.htm
QuestionNumber.
25.
AnLEDwhichemitsredlightuses.
OptionA.
galliumphosphide.
OptionB.
galliumarsenidephosphide.
OptionC.
galliumarsenide.
CorrectAnsweris. galliumarsenidephosphide.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
26.
Aphotodiodeisoperatedunder.
OptionA.
reversebiasconditions.
OptionB.
forwardbiasconditions.
OptionC.
reverseorforwardbiasconditions.
CorrectAnsweris. reversebiasconditions.
QuestionNumber.
27.
Toincreasecapacitanceofavaractordiode.
OptionA.
reversebiasvoltageisincreased.
OptionB.
reversebiasvoltageisdecreased.
OptionC.
forwardbiasvoltageisdecreased.
CorrectAnsweris. reversebiasvoltageisdecreased.
QuestionNumber.
28.
Thediagramshowsa.
OptionA.
voltagedoubler.
OptionB.
halfwaverectifier.
OptionC.
fullwaverectifier.
CorrectAnsweris. voltagedoubler.
QuestionNumber.
29.
AbidirectionalTRIAChastwoSCRsconnectedin.
OptionA.
seriesparallel.
OptionB.
inverseparallel.
OptionC.
parallelseries.
CorrectAnsweris. inverseparallel.
QuestionNumber.
30.
Athyristorcanbeforwardbiasedbya.
OptionA.
positiveornegativepulse.
OptionB.
negativepulse.
OptionC.
positivepulse.
CorrectAnsweris. positivepulse.
Explanation. Positivepulseonly.
QuestionNumber.
31.
N'typematerialsaredopedwith.
OptionA.
acceptors.
OptionB.
acceptorsanddonors.
OptionC.
donors.
CorrectAnsweris. donors.
Explanation. N' type materials have excess electrons, therefore the impurity element is a donorofelectrons.AircraftElectricityand
Electronics5thEditionEisminPage110.
QuestionNumber.
32.
Inanelectroniccircuit,iftheanodeofadiodeisclampedtoground.Whatisthiscalled?.
OptionA.
Anegativeclampingcircuit.
OptionB.
Anegativelimitingcircuit.
OptionC.
Apositiveclampingcircuit.
CorrectAnsweris. Apositiveclampingcircuit.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
33.
Todecreasethecapacitanceofavaractor.
OptionA.
reversebiasshouldbedecreased.
OptionB.
forwardbiasshouldbeincreased.
OptionC.
reversebiasshouldbeincreased.
CorrectAnsweris. reversebiasshouldbeincreased.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
34.
AZenerdiodeisusedacrosstheoutputforapowersupplycircuitto.
OptionA.
giveafullwaverectification.
OptionB.
preventthermalrunway.
OptionC.
provideasteadyDCvoltageoutputwithoutfalling.
CorrectAnsweris. provideasteadyDCvoltageoutputwithoutfalling.
Explanation. AZenerdiodeisthemaincomponentinavoltageregulator.
QuestionNumber.
35.
Ifadiodehasgoneopencircuitinafullwavebridgerectifier,theoutputfrequencyrippleis.
OptionA.
thesameastheinputfrequency.
OptionB.
twicetheinputfrequency.
OptionC.
halftheinputfrequency.
CorrectAnsweris. thesameastheinputfrequency.
Explanation. A fully serviceable bridge rectifier produces an output ripple twice the inputfrequency.Ifonediodegoesopencircuit,
oneoftheoutput'humps'dropstozero.
QuestionNumber.
36.
Inafullwavebridgerectifier.
OptionA.
theoutputispureDC.Frequencyis0Hz.
OptionB.
theoutputfrequencyistwicetheinputfrequency.
OptionC.
theoutputvoltageistwicetheinputvoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. theoutputispureDC.Frequencyis0Hz.
Explanation. TheoutputisunsmoothedDCof2xinputfrequency.
QuestionNumber.
37.
Afterpassingthrougharectifier,alternatingcurrentbecomes.
OptionA.
smoothdirectcurrent.
OptionB.
pulsatingdirectcurrent.
OptionC.
squarewaveformcurrent.
CorrectAnsweris. pulsatingdirectcurrent.
Explanation. Assumingtherectifierdoesnotcontainanysmoothingcircuitry.
QuestionNumber.
38.
AZenerdiodeusuallyworks.
OptionA.
onlyinreversebias.
OptionB.
atvariablevoltages.
OptionC.
onlyinforwardbias.
CorrectAnsweris. onlyinreversebias.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
39.
P'typematerialsrequire.
OptionA.
acceptors.
OptionB.
conductors.
OptionC.
donors.
CorrectAnsweris. acceptors.
QuestionNumber.
40.
Whichofthefollowingexplainshowthephotodiodeworks?.
OptionA.
Photodiodesareforwardbiasedtoconductwhenlightfallsuponthem.
OptionB.
Photodiodesarebackbiasednottoconductwhenlightfallsuponthem.
OptionC.
Photodiodesarebackbiasedtoconductwhenlightfallsuponthem.
CorrectAnsweris. Photodiodesarebackbiasedtoconductwhenlightfallsuponthem.
1.2a.SemiconductorsTransistors.
QuestionNumber.
1.
InanNPNtransistorthePisthe.
OptionA.
collector.
OptionB.
emitter.
OptionC.
base.
CorrectAnsweris. base.
Explanation. NPNorPNP,themiddleoneisalwaystheBase.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage116.
QuestionNumber.
2.
Whencomparedtoaphotodiode,aphototransistor.
OptionA.
islesssensitivetolightlevels.
OptionB.
respondsfastertochangesoflight.
OptionC.
isslowertorespondtochangesoflight.
CorrectAnsweris. isslowertorespondtochangesoflight.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
3.
Forcorrectoperationofatransistor,thefollowingconditionsmustapply.
OptionA.
Thebaseemitterjunctionmustbeforwardbiasedandthebasecollectorjunctionmustbegreaterthan0.7volts.
OptionB.
For an NPN transistor the baseemitter junction must be forward biased and for a PNP transistor the base emitter
junctionmustbereversebiased.
OptionC.
Thebasecollectorjunctionmustbereversebiasedandthebaseemitterjunctionmustbeforwardbiased.
CorrectAnsweris. Thebasecollectorjunctionmustbereversebiasedandthebaseemitterjunctionmustbeforwardbiased.
Explanation. EisminAircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionpage116.
QuestionNumber.
4.
Currentgaininacommonemitteramplifierisgiventhesymbol.
OptionA.
.
OptionB.
a.
OptionC.
Hcg.
CorrectAnsweris. .
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
5.
Whenapositivevoltageisappliedtothebaseofanormallybiasednpncommonemitteramplifier.
OptionA.
thecollectorvoltagegoeslesspositive.
OptionB.
theemittercurrentdecreases.
OptionC.
thebasecurrentdecreases.
CorrectAnsweris. thecollectorvoltagegoeslesspositive.
Explanation. Sketchthecircuitandworkitout.
QuestionNumber.
6.
WhichwaydoesconventionalcurrentflowinaPNPjunction?.
OptionA.
Emittertobase.
OptionB.
Collectortobase.
OptionC.
Collectortoemitter.
CorrectAnsweris. Emittertobase.
Explanation. Conventional current in a PNP transistor flows from EMITTER to BASE. Note: In an NPN transistor it would be
collectortoemitter.
QuestionNumber.
7.
Forconductionofatransistor,theemitterjunctionis.
OptionA.
forwardorreverseasappropriatetotheinputsignal.
OptionB.
reversebiased.
OptionC.
forwardbiased.
CorrectAnsweris. forwardbiased.
QuestionNumber.
8.
InaPNPtransistor,whichwaydoesconventionalcurrentflow?.
OptionA.
Basetoemitter.
OptionB.
Collectortoemitter.
OptionC.
Emittertocollector.
CorrectAnsweris. Emittertocollector.
Explanation. InaPNPtransistor,themaincurrentflowisEmittertoCollector(reverseofwhatitiswithanNPNtransistor).
QuestionNumber.
9.
InaPNPtransistor,conventionalcurrentwillflowwhen.
OptionA.
theemitterismorepositivethanthebase.
OptionB.
thebaseismorepositivethantheemitter.
OptionC.
thecollectorismorepositivethantheemitter.
CorrectAnsweris. theemitterismorepositivethanthebase.
Explanation. ToswitchaPNPon,theemittermustbepositivecomparedtothebase(oppositetoanNPN).
QuestionNumber.
10.
Inacommoncollectorcircuittheoutputandinputare.
OptionA.
inphase.
OptionB.
outofphaseby60.
OptionC.
outofphaseby90.
CorrectAnsweris. inphase.
Explanation. Commoncollectoroutputisinphasewiththeinput.
QuestionNumber.
11.
ForanNPNtransistortoconductthecollectorcircuithastobe.
OptionA.
morepositivethanthebase.
OptionB.
lesspositivethantheemitter.
OptionC.
morepositivethantheemitter.
CorrectAnsweris. morepositivethanthebase.
Explanation. Sketch an NPN circuit and mark the two current flows. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page
116.
QuestionNumber.
12.
PointXcomparedtopoint.
OptionA.
Yismorenegative.
OptionB.
Zismorepositive.
OptionC.
Zismorenegative.
CorrectAnsweris. Zismorepositive.
Explanation. NPN transistor. The collector is more positive than the base. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin
Page116/117.
QuestionNumber.
13.
TheresistancemeasuredusinganAVObetweentheCollectorandEmitterofatransistoris.
OptionA.
smallerCollectortoEmitter.
OptionB.
samebothways.
OptionC.
higherCollectortoEmitter.
CorrectAnsweris. samebothways.
Explanation. Without looking too deeply into it, a transistor is two diodes backtoback,sohavehighresistancebothways.Aircraft
ElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage119.
QuestionNumber.
14.
Atransistorisusedin.
OptionA.
currentamplifiers.
OptionB.
bothcurrentamplifiersandvoltageamplifiers.
OptionC.
voltageamplifiers.
CorrectAnsweris. bothcurrentamplifiersandvoltageamplifiers.
Explanation. Atransistorcanamplifyeithercurrentorvoltageorboth,dependingontheconfiguration(CE,CB,CC).
QuestionNumber.
15.
UndernormaloperatingconditionsXwillbe.
OptionA.
OptionB.
OptionC.
negativewithrespecttoZ.
positivewithrespecttoZ.
negativewithrespecttoY.
CorrectAnsweris. positivewithrespecttoZ.
QuestionNumber.
16.
InwhichdirectiondoesthecurrentflowonaPNPtransistorwhenforwardbiased?.
OptionA.
Emittertobase.
OptionB.
Emittertocollector.
OptionC.
Collectortoemitter.
CorrectAnsweris. Emittertocollector.
Explanation. PNP,current(conventional)flowsemittertocollector.
QuestionNumber.
17.
WithanNPNtransistorelectronsleavethe.
OptionA.
Base.
OptionB.
Collector.
OptionC.
Emitter.
CorrectAnsweris. Emitter.
Explanation. InaNPNelectrons(NOTconventionalcurrent)leaveattheEmitter.
QuestionNumber.
18.
Inatransistor,thearrowalwayspointsinthedirectionof.
OptionA.
electronflow.
OptionB.
conventionalcurrent.
OptionC.
emitter.
CorrectAnsweris. conventionalcurrent.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
19.
InanNPNtransistorthe.
OptionA.
collectorismorepositivethanthebase.
OptionB.
collectoristhesameasthebase.
OptionC.
emitterismorepositivethanthebase.
CorrectAnsweris. collectorismorepositivethanthebase.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
20.
InanNPNtransistorthe.
OptionA.
emitterismorepositivethanthebase.
OptionB.
collectorismorepositivethantheemitter.
OptionC.
emitterismorepositivethanthecollector.
CorrectAnsweris. collectorismorepositivethantheemitter.
Explanation. NIL.
1.2b.SemiconductorsTransistors.
QuestionNumber.
1.
Iflightenteringaphototransistordecreases,thecurrenttothecollector.
OptionA.
decreases.
OptionB.
remainsthesame.
OptionC.
increases.
CorrectAnsweris. decreases.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
2.
Asiliconbipolartransistorwithtwodepletionzones.
OptionA.
operatesbyvaryingelectricfields.
OptionB.
isavoltageoperateddevice.
OptionC.
consistsof3slicesofsemiconductormaterial.
CorrectAnsweris. consistsof3slicesofsemiconductormaterial.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
3.
Howistheamplifierinthediagramshownwired?.
OptionA.
Commonbase.
OptionB.
Commonemitter.
OptionC.
Commoncollector.
CorrectAnsweris. Commonemitter.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
4.
"Todecreasethevoltagegainofacommonemitteramplifieryouwouldincrease
theresistanceinthe."
OptionA.
basecircuit.
OptionB.
emittercircuit.
OptionC.
collectorcircuit.
CorrectAnsweris. collectorcircuit.
Explanation. Decreasingthecollectorresistance(RL)increasestheoutputvoltageofthetransistor.
QuestionNumber.
5.
ThecurrentI/PandO/Pwaveformsinacommonemitteramplifierare.
OptionA.
outofphase.
OptionB.
inphase.
OptionC.
90outofphase.
CorrectAnsweris. outofphase.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
6.
Whichmodeofoperationprovidesthebesthighfrequencyresponse?Common.
OptionA.
emitter.
OptionB.
base.
OptionC.
collector.
CorrectAnsweris. base.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
7.
AFETwhencomparedtoajunctiontransistoris.
OptionA.
lowimpedance.
OptionB.
currentoperated.
OptionC.
highimpedance.
CorrectAnsweris. highimpedance.
Explanation. ThebiggestadvantageofaFETisitshighinputimpedance.
QuestionNumber.
8.
Onecharacteristicoftheemitterfolloweris.
OptionA.
lowresistanceoutput.
OptionB.
lowcurrentamplification.
OptionC.
highvoltageamplification.
CorrectAnsweris. lowresistanceoutput.
Explanation. Theemitterfollower(commoncollector)hasthelowestoutputresistanceofallthreeconfigurations.
QuestionNumber.
9.
An amplifier current gain will be slightly less than 1, but its voltagegainwillbehigh,ifitisconnected
inthe.
OptionA.
commonbaseconfiguration.
OptionB.
commonemitterconfiguration.
OptionC.
commoncollectorconfiguration.
CorrectAnsweris. commonbaseconfiguration.
Explanation. Onlythecommonbaseconfigurationprovidesacurrentgainoflessthan1.
QuestionNumber.
10.
Thecommoncollectoramplifierissometimescalledtheemitterfollowercircuitbecause.
OptionA.
theemittervoltagefollowsthecollectorvoltage.
OptionB.
theemittercurrentfollowsthecollectorcurrent.
OptionC.
theemittervoltagefollowsthebasevoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. theemittervoltagefollowsthebasevoltage.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
11.
Amplifiersmaybeclassifiedas.
OptionA.
voltageamplifiersorpoweramplifiers.
OptionB.
voltageamplifiersorimpedanceamplifiers.
OptionC.
commonemitterorcommoncollectoramplifiers.
CorrectAnsweris. voltageamplifiersorpoweramplifiers.
Explanation. Amplifiersareclassifiedaseithervoltageorpoweramplifiers.
QuestionNumber.
12.
Anamplifiercanprovidebothvoltagegainandcurrentgainwhenitisconnectedinthe.
OptionA.
commoncollectorconfiguration.
OptionB.
commonemitterconfiguration.
OptionC.
commonbaseconfiguration.
CorrectAnsweris. commonemitterconfiguration.
Explanation. Onlythecommonemitterconfigurationprovidesbothcurrentandvoltagegaingreaterthan1.
QuestionNumber.
13.
Howdoyouincreasevoltagegainofanamplifier?.
OptionA.
decreasebasecircuitbias.
OptionB.
decreaseinputresistance.
OptionC.
decreaseoutputresistance.
CorrectAnsweris. decreaseinputresistance.
Explanation. Amplifiergain=feedbackresistance/inputresistance.
QuestionNumber.
14.
Inthediagramshown,whatisresistorRusedfor?.
OptionA.
Amplification.
OptionB.
Bias.
OptionC.
Stabilisation.
CorrectAnsweris. Stabilisation.
Explanation. The resister R is used to provide thermal stabilisation to the transistor by supplying negativefeedbackifthequiescent
pointmoves.
QuestionNumber.
15.
Theinputandoutputsignalsofacommonemitteramplifierare.
OptionA.
inphase.
OptionB.
equal.
OptionC.
outofphase.
CorrectAnsweris. outofphase.
Explanation. Thecommonemitteramplifieristheonlyconfigurationwhichprovidesanoutputwhichisantiphasewiththeinput.
QuestionNumber.
16.
Atransistorissaidtobeinthequiescentstatewhen.
OptionA.
nocurrentsareflowing.
OptionB.
itisunbiased.
OptionC.
nosignalisappliedtotheinput.
CorrectAnsweris. nosignalisappliedtotheinput.
Explanation. ThequiescentstateofatransistoriswhenDCissuppliedtothebasetobiasthetransistor.Nosignalisapplied.
QuestionNumber.
17.
Acommonbasetransistorcircuitissocalledbecause.
OptionA.
thebaseiscommontotheemitterandcollectorcircuits.
OptionB.
thebaseregionislocatedbetweentheemitterandcollectorregion.
OptionC.
thebaseisntypematerial.
CorrectAnsweris. thebaseiscommontotheemitterandcollectorcircuits.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
18.
Withreferencetothecircuitshownbelow,howisthetransistorconfigured?.
OptionA.
Commonemitter.
OptionB.
Commoncollector.
OptionC.
Commonbase.
CorrectAnsweris. Commonemitter.
Explanation. Thediagramshowsacommonemittercircuit.
QuestionNumber.
19.
Inthecircuitdiagramshown,R1andR2areusedto.
OptionA.
setthetransistorgain.
OptionB.
increasethebasevoltage.
OptionC.
settheDCbiaslevel.
CorrectAnsweris. settheDCbiaslevel.
Explanation. TheresistorsR1andR2aretosetthebiaslevelofthetransistor,i.e.toputthetransistorintoquiescence.
QuestionNumber.
20.
InaFET,thejunctionconnectionsarecalled.
OptionA.
drain,sourceandgate.
OptionB.
drain,collectorandjunctions.
OptionC.
base,collectorandemitter.
CorrectAnsweris. drain,sourceandgate.
Explanation. TheleadsofaFETarecalleddrain,sourceandgate.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage120.
QuestionNumber.
21.
Howisapushpulltransistorarrangementconnected?.
OptionA.
Collectortocollector.
OptionB.
Emittertoemitter.
OptionC.
Basetobase.
CorrectAnsweris. Emittertoemitter.
Explanation. Apushpullamplifieriswiredemittertoemitter.
QuestionNumber.
22.
Thermalrunawayinatransistoriscausedby.
OptionA.
excessiveheatcausingmaximumcurrentflow.
OptionB.
excessiveheatcausingminimumcurrentflow.
OptionC.
lowheatcausingminimumcurrentflow.
CorrectAnsweris. excessiveheatcausingmaximumcurrentflow.
Explanation. Thermal runaway is caused by excessive temperature creating an increase in current flow and hence an increase in
temperatureetc.etc..
QuestionNumber.
23.
Anadvantageofacommonemitteris.
OptionA.
ithashighpowergain.
OptionB.
itisavoltagefollower.
OptionC.
ithashighvoltagegain.
CorrectAnsweris. ithashighpowergain.
Explanation. Commonemitterconfigurationhasahighpowergain.
QuestionNumber.
24.
Whatclassofamplifierisbiasedatcutoff?.
OptionA.
C.
OptionB.
B.
OptionC.
A.
CorrectAnsweris. B.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
25.
Whentestingatransistorwithanohmmeter,whatistheresistanceoftheemitter/collector?.
OptionA.
Lowresistancebothways.
OptionB.
Highresistanceoneway.
OptionC.
Highresistancebothways.
CorrectAnsweris. Highresistancebothways.
Explanation. Draw a transistor as 2 back to back diodes and work it outfromthere(sameforPNPasNPN).AircraftElectricityand
Electronics5thEditionEisminPage119.
QuestionNumber.
26.
Atransistoratsaturationhas.
OptionA.
lowresistance.
OptionB.
zeroresistance.
OptionC.
highresistance.
CorrectAnsweris. lowresistance.
Explanation. Atransistoratsaturationisswitchedonthereforehaslowresistance.
QuestionNumber.
27.
Acapacitorresistorcoupledmultistageamplifierlets.
OptionA.
DCpassonly.
OptionB.
ACandDCpasstothenextstage.
OptionC.
ACpassonly.
CorrectAnsweris. ACpassonly.
Explanation. AcapacitorletsACpassonly.
QuestionNumber.
28.
Anoscillatoroperatingatitsnaturalfrequencyhasfeedbackwhichis.
OptionA.
90degreesoutofphase.
OptionB.
180degreesoutofphase.
OptionC.
inphase.
CorrectAnsweris. inphase.
Explanation. Anoscillatorprovidespositiveinphasefeedbacktoswitchitselfover.
QuestionNumber.
29.
Whichmathematicaloperationisperformedbyamodulatoramplifier?.
OptionA.
Addition.
OptionB.
Subtraction.
OptionC.
Multiplication.
CorrectAnsweris. Multiplication.
Explanation. A modulator amplifier is a basic input/output amplifier used for amplifying a signal. It 'multiplies' the input signal by
thevalueofthegain.
QuestionNumber.
30.
AJFETis.
OptionA.
eitheroftheabovedependingonresistanceinthecircuit.
OptionB.
currentsensitive.
OptionC.
voltagesensitive.
CorrectAnsweris. voltagesensitive.
Explanation. A JFET is voltage sensitive, whereas a normal transistor is current sensitive. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
EditionEisminPage119.
QuestionNumber.
31.
Thermalrunawayinatransistorrefersto.
OptionA.
highcurrentflowwhentemperaturedecreases.
OptionB.
lowcurrentflowwhentemperatureincreases.
OptionC.
highcurrentflowwhentemperatureincreases.
CorrectAnsweris. highcurrentflowwhentemperatureincreases.
QuestionNumber.
32.
Resistorsandcapacitorsareusedtocouplestagesofamplifierssothat.
OptionA.
onlyDCcanbeapplied.
OptionB.
onlyACcanbeapplied.
OptionC.
equalamountsofACandDCcanbeapplied.
CorrectAnsweris. onlyACcanbeapplied.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
33.
AnadvantageofaFETwhencomparedtoabipolartransistoris.
OptionA.
theswitchingtimeisquicker.
OptionB.
theinputresistanceishigher.
OptionC.
theinputresistanceislower.
CorrectAnsweris. theinputresistanceishigher.
Explanation. AFEThasahighinputresistanceandalowoutputresistance.
QuestionNumber.
34.
Thetypicalbandwidthforanaudiofrequencyamplifierisshownbyline.
OptionA.
OptionB.
Z.
X.
OptionC.
Y.
CorrectAnsweris. X.
Explanation. Audiofrequencyistypically15Hz20kHz,soXistheclosest.
QuestionNumber.
35.
Wherearedecouplingcapacitorsusedindigitalcircuits?.
OptionA.
Betweenpins1&8.
OptionB.
Closetothepositivepin.
OptionC.
Closetothenegativepin.
CorrectAnsweris. Closetothepositivepin.
QuestionNumber.
36.
ACommonCollectorcircuithasthefollowingcharacteristics.
OptionA.
MediumVoltageGain,HighCurrentGain,NonInvertedOutput.
OptionB.
LowVoltageGain,HighCurrentGain,InvertedOutput.
OptionC.
MediumVoltageGain,LowCurrentGain,InvertedOutput.
CorrectAnsweris. MediumVoltageGain,HighCurrentGain,NonInvertedOutput.
Explanation. Commoncollectorisavoltagefollower,withhighcurrentgain.
QuestionNumber.
37.
InaCommonEmitterAmplifierREisusedfor.
OptionA.
loadcontrol.
OptionB.
biasing.
OptionC.
stabilisation.
CorrectAnsweris. stabilisation.
Explanation. Theemitterresistorisastabilizingresistor.
QuestionNumber.
38.
Inthediagramtherelationshipoftheinputtotheoutputis.
OptionA.
180degreesoutofphase.
OptionB.
90degreesoutofphase.
OptionC.
inphase.
CorrectAnsweris. 180degreesoutofphase.
Explanation. ACommonEmitterconfigurationinvertsthesignal.
QuestionNumber.
39.
Themostsuitableclassofamplifierforahighfidelityradiotransmitteris.
OptionA.
B.
OptionB.
C.
OptionC.
A.
CorrectAnsweris. A.
Explanation. BestamplifierisaClassA.
QuestionNumber.
40.
WhichcurveisfromaBroadbandamplifier?.
OptionA.
C.
OptionB.
A.
OptionC.
B.
CorrectAnsweris. A.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
41.
AtransistorinCommonEmittermodegives.
OptionA.
highvoltagegainonly.
OptionB.
highcurrentgainonly.
OptionC.
highpowergain.
CorrectAnsweris. highpowergain.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
42.
Foratransistorincommonemittermode,thetermHfeindicates.
OptionA.
theVoltagegainVce/VbeatIbconstant.
OptionB.
thePowergainPin/Pout.
OptionC.
thecurrentgainIc/IbatVceconstant.
CorrectAnsweris. thecurrentgainIc/IbatVceconstant.
QuestionNumber.
43.
Inadifferentialamplifiertheterm'commonmodevoltage'means.
OptionA.
outputvoltagewithoneinputconnectedtocommonground.
OptionB.
outputvoltagewithnoninvertinginputat0volts.
OptionC.
outputvoltagewhenbothinputshaveequalvoltages.
CorrectAnsweris. outputvoltagewhenbothinputshaveequalvoltages.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
44.
Inanidealcurrentamplifier.
OptionA.
inputimpedancemustbelowandoutputhigh.
OptionB.
inputimpedancemustbehighandoutputlow.
OptionC.
bothinputandoutputimpedancesmustbelow.
CorrectAnsweris. inputimpedancemustbelowandoutputhigh.
QuestionNumber.
45.
Inanidealvoltageamplifier.
OptionA.
inputimpedancemustbehighandoutputimpedancelow.
OptionB.
inputimpedancemustbelowandoutputimpedancehigh.
OptionC.
inputimpedancemustbelowandoutputimpedancelow.
CorrectAnsweris. inputimpedancemustbehighandoutputimpedancelow.
Explanation. NIL. http://www.safarix.com/0131470469/ch11lev1sec6
QuestionNumber.
46.
ThetermICErelatedtotransistorincommonemittermodemeans.
OptionA.
leakagecurrentflowingbetweenCollectorandEmitterwithBaseopencircuited.
OptionB.
forwardcurrentbetweenCollectorandEmitterwithBaseconnectedtosignal.
OptionC.
leakagecurrentbetweenCollectorandEmitterwithBaseconnectedtoground.
CorrectAnsweris. forwardcurrentbetweenCollectorandEmitterwithBaseconnectedtosignal.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
47.
Acommonbaseamplifierhas.
OptionA.
highinputandhighoutputimpedance.
OptionB.
lowinputandhighoutputimpedance.
OptionC.
lowinputandmediumoutputimpedance.
CorrectAnsweris. lowinputandhighoutputimpedance.
QuestionNumber.
48.
The emitter, base and collector currents in a common emitter circuit, follow ohm's and kirchoff's law,
whichis.
OptionA.
Ie=IcIb.
OptionB.
Ib=Ie+Ic.
OptionC.
Ie=Ib+Ic.
CorrectAnsweris. Ie=Ib+Ic.
Explanation. NIL.
1.3a.IntegratedCircuits.
QuestionNumber.
1.
WhataretheidealcharacteristicsofanOpAmp?.
OptionA.
Infinitegain,infiniteinputImpedanceandinfiniteoutputimpedance.
OptionB.
Infinitegain,infiniteinputImpedanceandzerooutputimpedance.
OptionC.
Lowgain,infiniteinputImpedanceandzerooutputimpedance.
CorrectAnsweris. Infinitegain,infiniteinputImpedanceandzerooutputimpedance.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
2.
WhatgatedoesthefollowingBooleanexpressionrepresentF=A.B.C.
OptionA.
AND.
OptionB.
OR.
OptionC.
NOT.
CorrectAnsweris. AND.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
3.
WhatgatedoesthefollowingBooleanexpressionrepresentF=A+B+C.
OptionA.
NOR.
OptionB.
OR.
OptionC.
NOT.
CorrectAnsweris. OR.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
4.
Inanintegratedcircuit,thecomponentsaremounted.
OptionA.
bymetalscrews.
OptionB.
bymetaloxidefilm.
OptionC.
bymeansofwiresconnectingthem.
CorrectAnsweris. bymeansofwiresconnectingthem.
Explanation. AthinfilmofaluminiumiscoatedovertheoxidefilmontothesurfaceoftheICtomaketheconductors.
QuestionNumber.
5.
Anoninvertingopamp.
OptionA.
hasaninvertinginputandanoninvertingoutput.
OptionB.
anoninvertinginputconnectiononly.
OptionC.
hasanoninvertinginputandaninvertingoutput.
CorrectAnsweris. anoninvertinginputconnectiononly.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
6.
In an operational amplifier, the two input waves are the same amplitude, same frequency, but exactly
antiphase.Whatwouldtheoutputbe?.
OptionA.
Double.
OptionB.
Zero.
OptionC.
Half.
CorrectAnsweris. Double.
Explanation. Although the input waves are antiphase, the inverter input of the op amp inverts one of the inputs, so the two waves
actuallyaddtoeachother.
QuestionNumber.
7.
InthefollowingBooleanalgebrastatement,whichgateisdescribed?.F=A+B+C.
OptionA.
And.
OptionB.
Or.
OptionC.
Not.
CorrectAnsweris. Or.
Explanation. A+B+CrepresentsanORgate.
QuestionNumber.
8.
"IntheBooleanalgebrastatementbelow,thegatedescribedis
F=A.B.C."
OptionA.
Nand.
OptionB.
And.
OptionC.
Nor.
CorrectAnsweris. And.
Explanation. A.B.CrepresentsanANDgate.
QuestionNumber.
9.
Infinitegain,infiniteinputimpedanceandzerooutputimpedanceischaracteristicofa.
OptionA.
ClassBamp.
OptionB.
ClassAamp.
OptionC.
Opamp.
CorrectAnsweris. Opamp.
Explanation. impedanceandzerooutputimpedancearecharacteristicsoftheidealopamp.
QuestionNumber.
10.
Whatismeantbyabistablecircuit?.
OptionA.
Thecircuithas2stablestatesandwillstayinwhichoneitisput.
OptionB.
Thecircuithas1stablestateanditcanbenegativeorpositive.
OptionC.
Thecircuithas2stablestatesandwillstayinbothatthesametime.
CorrectAnsweris. Thecircuithas2stablestatesandwillstayinwhichoneitisput.
Explanation. Abistablecircuithas2stablestatesanditwillbeinonlyoneatatime.
QuestionNumber.
11.
Whatdoestheoutputvoltageofanopampdependupon?.
OptionA.
Theopampbandwidth.
OptionB.
Thegainoftheopamp.
OptionC.
Theresistorsinthecircuit.
CorrectAnsweris. Theresistorsinthecircuit.
Explanation. Theoutputofanopampiscontrolledbytheexternalresistorcircuit.
QuestionNumber.
12.
WhattypeofgateisanORgatewithbothinvertedinputsandinvertedoutputs?.
OptionA.
NANDgate.
OptionB.
NORgate.
OptionC.
ANDgate.
CorrectAnsweris. ANDgate.
Explanation. AnANDgatecanbemadebyinvertingboththeinputsandtheoutputofanORgate.
QuestionNumber.
13.
Diodesconnectedinparallelwouldactlikean.
OptionA.
anNANDgate.
OptionB.
anANDgate.
OptionC.
anORgate.
CorrectAnsweris. anANDgate.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
14.
Theoutputofthecircuitshownwillbe.
OptionA.
15V.
OptionB.
0V.
OptionC.
+30V.
CorrectAnsweris. 0V.
Explanation. NIL.
1.3b.IntegratedCircuits.
QuestionNumber.
1.
ThevoltagesupplytoaComplimentaryMetalOxideSemiconductor(CMOS)integratedcircuitmustbe.
OptionA.
0Vis5VDC.
OptionB.
3Vto18VDC.
OptionC.
3Vto15VAC.
CorrectAnsweris. 3Vto18VDC.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
2.
Thisisadiagramofa.
OptionA.
differentiator.
OptionB.
adder.
OptionC.
integrator.
CorrectAnsweris. differentiator.
Explanation. Adifferentiatorusesaresistorinthefeedbackloopacrosstheopamp.
QuestionNumber.
2.
Thisisadiagramofa.
OptionA.
adder.
OptionB.
integrator.
OptionC.
differentiator.
CorrectAnsweris. differentiator.
Explanation. Adifferentiatorusesaresistorinthefeedbackloopacrosstheopamp.
QuestionNumber.
3.
Thisisadiagramofa.
OptionA.
integrator.
OptionB.
adder.
OptionC.
differentiator.
CorrectAnsweris. integrator.
Explanation. Anintegratorhasthecapacitorinthefeedbackloopacrosstheopamp.
QuestionNumber.
4.
HowarethepinsnumberedonanopampIC?.
OptionA.
fromlefttorightfromthedot.
OptionB.
counterclockwisefromthedot.
OptionC.
clockwisefromthedot.
CorrectAnsweris. counterclockwisefromthedot.
Explanation. Pins on an IC are always numbered counterclockwise from the dot. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition
EisminPage140.
QuestionNumber.
5.
Onanintegratedcircuittheholeinthetopleftcornerispin1.Thepinsarecounted.
OptionA.
clockwise.
OptionB.
fromlefttoright.
OptionC.
anticlockwise.
CorrectAnsweris. anticlockwise.
Explanation. OnanICthepinsarecountedanticlockwise.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage140.
QuestionNumber.
6.
AsingleintegratedcircuitOpAmphashowmanypins?.
OptionA.
7.
OptionB.
8.
OptionC.
4.
CorrectAnsweris. 8.
Explanation. Inverting and noninverting input, output, positive and negative supply, two offset null connections (for a
potentiometer)plusonelegnotused=8.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage140.
QuestionNumber.
7.
Whatistheoutputoftheamplifiershown?.
OptionA.
5V.
OptionB.
3V.
OptionC.
0V.
CorrectAnsweris. 5V.
Explanation. Abasicaddingopamp.4+0+1=5.
QuestionNumber.
8.
Alogiccircuitwithmorethanonegatewillhave.
OptionA.
2ormoreoutputs.
OptionB.
oneof2statesoflogicoutput.
OptionC.
ananalogueoutput.
CorrectAnsweris. oneof2statesoflogicoutput.
Explanation. Logiccircuitoutputsareeither0or1,regardlessofthenumberofgatesinthecircuit.
QuestionNumber.
9.
Componentsonanintegratedcircuitare.
OptionA.
onthesurface.
OptionB.
inthesolid.
OptionC.
don'tneedthem.
CorrectAnsweris. onthesurface.
Explanation. Componentsonanintegratedcircuitareonthesurfaceofthesubstrate.
QuestionNumber.
10.
AVLSIChas.
OptionA.
morethan10,000gates.
OptionB.
lessthan1000gates.
OptionC.
morethan1000gates.
CorrectAnsweris. morethan10,000gates.
QuestionNumber.
11.
Amomentaryinputattheresetinputofaflipflopwill.
OptionA.
resetthetrueoutputto0.
OptionB.
clockinnewdatafromthedatainputs.
OptionC.
resetthetrueoutputto1.
CorrectAnsweris. resetthetrueoutputto0.
Explanation. Whenthevalueonreset(R)is1,thevalueofQissetto0andviceversa.
QuestionNumber.
12.
Whichtypeofflipflophasonly1datainput?.
OptionA.
JK.
OptionB.
D.
OptionC.
RS.
CorrectAnsweris. D.
Explanation. TheDtypeFlipFlophasonly1input(besidestheclockinput).
QuestionNumber.
13.
Whenyouuseanopampasabufferithas.
OptionA.
lowinputimpedanceandhighoutputimpedance.
OptionB.
highinputimpedanceandlowoutputimpedance.
OptionC.
thesameinputanoutputimpedance.
CorrectAnsweris. highinputimpedanceandlowoutputimpedance.
Explanation. An op amp is characterised by itshighinputimpedanceandlowoutputimpedance.AircraftElectricityandElectronics
5thEditionEisminPage288.
QuestionNumber.
14.
Whatisrequiredfortheswitchingofamonostablemultivibrator?.
OptionA.
Onetriggerpulsetobothswitchonandoff.
OptionB.
Onetriggerpulsetoswitchonandtwotriggerpulsestoswitchoff.
OptionC.
Onetriggerpulsetoswitchonandanothertoswitchoff.
CorrectAnsweris. Onetriggerpulsetobothswitchonandoff.
Explanation. Monostable multivibrators can remain only in one state permanently. When an external trigger pulse is applied, the
circuitmovesfromitspermanentstablestatethendropsbackafterashortwhile.
QuestionNumber.
15.
Anastablemultivibratorisa.
OptionA.
onewhichrequiresnoinputwhatsoever.
OptionB.
onewhichrequiresaninputtoswitchonandoff.
OptionC.
freerunningvibrator.
CorrectAnsweris. freerunningvibrator.
Explanation. Anastablemultivibratorflipson/offcontinuouslyprovidingithasapowersupply.
QuestionNumber.
16.
Opampsusewhatpowersupply?.
OptionA.
26VAC.
OptionB.
515VDC.
OptionC.
26VDC.
CorrectAnsweris. 515VDC.
Explanation. Powersuppliesvaryfromopamptoopamp(manufacturertomanufacturer)butmostare+/5vto+/15v.
QuestionNumber.
17.
Adevicewhichhasahighinputimpedance,lowoutputimpedanceandhighvoltagegainisa.
OptionA.
OpAmp.
OptionB.
ClassAamp.
OptionC.
ClassBamp.
CorrectAnsweris. OpAmp.
Explanation. ThisisthedefinitionofanOpAmp.
QuestionNumber.
18.
Inanintegratedcircuit,thecomponentsaremountedby.
OptionA.
athreedimensionalprocesswithnoconnectionsbetweenthemrequired.
OptionB.
wiresconnectingthemusingconformalcoating.
OptionC.
metaloxidefilmetchedontothesurface.
CorrectAnsweris. metaloxidefilmetchedontothesurface.
Explanation. All three answers are close to the truth. c) is probably the closest. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition
EisminPage138.
QuestionNumber.
19.
Inanintegratedcircuit,thecomponentsareinserted.
OptionA.
automatically.
OptionB.
bydopinginsuccessivelayers.
OptionC.
manually.
CorrectAnsweris. bydopinginsuccessivelayers.
Explanation. An integrated circuit is produced by masking and doping each P and N component successively. Aircraft Electricity
andElectronics5thEditionEisminPage121.
QuestionNumber.
20.
In an electronic circuit with an operational amplifier connected in the pushpull configuration, the
circuit.
OptionA.
utilizesbothsidesoftheinputsignal.
OptionB.
decreasesimpedance.
OptionC.
blockshalfoftheinputsignal.
CorrectAnsweris. utilizesbothsidesoftheinputsignal.
Explanation. During the positive portion of the AC input signal, the NPN follower drives the output, and during the negative half,
thePNPdrivestheoutput.
QuestionNumber.
21.
Pin3onanopamphasa+symbol.Thisdesignates.
OptionA.
positiveinputDCpin.
OptionB.
noninvertinginput.
OptionC.
positiveoffsetnull.
CorrectAnsweris. noninvertinginput.
Explanation. 741OpAmp(forexample)isthenoninvertinginput.
QuestionNumber.
22.
Thesemiconductorsubstrateusedin'chips'ismostcommonly.
OptionA.
silicon.
OptionB.
phiidide.
OptionC.
germanium.
CorrectAnsweris. silicon.
Explanation. Siliconismostcommonlyused.
QuestionNumber.
23.
Anintegratedcircuitismanufacturedby.
OptionA.
dopingimpuritiesintolayersofintrinsicmaterial.
OptionB.
etchingcoppertracksontoaninsulatingboard.
OptionC.
computerhardware,whichuseindividualcircuitsonribbon.
CorrectAnsweris. dopingimpuritiesintolayersofintrinsicmaterial.
Explanation. AircraftInstrumentsandIntegratedSystemsPallettPage149/150.
QuestionNumber.
24.
Amonostablevibrator.
OptionA.
isswitchedonbyatriggerpulsethenwithinapresettimewilleventuallyreturntoitsoriginalstate.
OptionB.
usesatriggerpulsetoturnonandthesamepulsetoturnoff.
OptionC.
usesonepulsetoturnonandanothertoturnoff.
CorrectAnsweris. isswitchedonbyatriggerpulsethenwithinapresettimewilleventuallyreturntoitsoriginalstate.
Explanation. A monostable vibrator is switched on by a trigger pulse then within a preset timewilleventuallyreturntoitsoriginal
state.
QuestionNumber.
25.
Thenegativefeedbackforanopampintegratorisconnectedacrossa.
OptionA.
resistor.
OptionB.
inductor.
OptionC.
capacitor.
CorrectAnsweris. capacitor.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
26.
The input resistance to an invertingopampis100Ohms.Thefeedbackresistanceis100kilohms.What
istheamplifiergain?.
OptionA.
1000.
OptionB.
1/1000.
OptionC.
1000.
CorrectAnsweris. 1000.
Explanation. Gain=Feedback/inputresistance=100,000/100=1000(minusbecauseitisinverting).
QuestionNumber.
27.
Inanintegratedcircuit,active,passiveandconnectingcomponentsare.
OptionA.
connectedbyfinegoldwires.
OptionB.
mountedontheoutsideofthesolidblock.
OptionC.
embeddedwithinthesolidblock.
CorrectAnsweris. embeddedwithinthesolidblock.
Explanation. Hencetheterm'integratedcircuit'.
2.PrintedCircuitBoards.
QuestionNumber.
1.
When compared to a system that is constructed on one board, a modular system using Printed Circuit
Boards(PCBs)is.
OptionA.
hardertofaultfind.
OptionB.
moreexpensiveforspares.
OptionC.
easiertofaultfind.
CorrectAnsweris. easiertofaultfind.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
2.
A Printed Circuit Board (PCS) is constructed of a plastic laminate which has bonded to one or both
sides.
OptionA.
athinsheetofcopper.
OptionB.
variousthicknessesofcopper.
OptionC.
athicksheetofcopper.
CorrectAnsweris. athinsheetofcopper.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
3.
HowisaPCBprotectedaftermanufacture?.
OptionA.
Byconformalcoating.
OptionB.
Withnonconductivevarnish.
OptionC.
Withwax.
CorrectAnsweris. Byconformalcoating.
Explanation. Although varnish is often used on PCBs, 'conformal coating' is the name of the process usually applied toaircraftuse
PCBs.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage120.
QuestionNumber.
4.
AmultilayerPCBhas.
OptionA.
twoormorelayersononeorbothsides.
OptionB.
onelayeroneitherside.
OptionC.
twoormorelayersconnectedinseries.
CorrectAnsweris. twoormorelayersononeorbothsides.
Explanation. CAIPsMMC/11Para15.
QuestionNumber.
5.
Whenremovingamicroprocessor.
OptionA.
ensurethepowerisOFFtoavoidstaticdischarge.
OptionB.
nodamageisdonebystaticdischarge.
OptionC.
considerabledamagecanbedonebystaticdischarge.
CorrectAnsweris. considerabledamagecanbedonebystaticdischarge.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
6.
OnaPCB,adecouplingcapacitorisusedtogetridoftransientcurrentsbetweenwhichpoints?.
OptionA.
Theelectroniccircuitandtheaircraftground.
OptionB.
Thenegativerailandtherestofthecircuit.
OptionC.
Interspacedalongthecircuit.
CorrectAnsweris. Interspacedalongthecircuit.
Explanation. ThedecouplingcapacitordecouplestheACsignalfromtheDCquiescentcurrent.
QuestionNumber.
7.
AdecouplingcapacitorinaPCBisusedto.
OptionA.
minimisetransientcurrents.
OptionB.
passDConly.
OptionC.
passAConly.
CorrectAnsweris. passAConly.
Explanation. AdecouplingcapacitordecouplestheACfromtheDCinasignal,andblockstheDC.
QuestionNumber.
8.
WhatisthebasematerialofaPCB?.
OptionA.
Insulator.
OptionB.
Semiconductor.
OptionC.
Conductor.
CorrectAnsweris. Insulator.
Explanation. Insulator.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage122.
QuestionNumber.
9.
Inaprintedcircuitboard,thesurfaceresistancetestingis.
OptionA.
insulationresistancebetweenadjacentprintedconductor.
OptionB.
theresistancebetweenthetowinductors.
OptionC.
betweentheboardandtheconductor.
CorrectAnsweris. insulationresistancebetweenadjacentprintedconductor.
Explanation. CAIPsMMC/11para4.1.7.
QuestionNumber.
10.
Whatareprintedcircuitboardsmadeof?.
OptionA.
Fibreglassboardcoatedwithcopperinwhichcircuitsareetched.
OptionB.
Syntheticresinboardetchedwithcopper.
OptionC.
Matrixboardwithcomponentssolderedon.
CorrectAnsweris. Fibreglassboardcoatedwithcopperinwhichcircuitsareetched.
Explanation. NIL.
3a.Servomechanisms.
QuestionNumber.
1.
Theoutputofatachogeneratoris.
OptionA.
proportionaltospeedofrotation.
OptionB.
proportionaltoposition.
OptionC.
proportionaltoacceleration.
CorrectAnsweris. proportionaltospeedofrotation.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
2.
ACpowertoasynchrosystemissuppliedto.
OptionA.
torquetransmitteronly.
OptionB.
boththetorquereceiverandtorquetransmitter.
OptionC.
torquereceiveronly.
CorrectAnsweris. boththetorquereceiverandtorquetransmitter.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
3.
Adifferentialsynchro.
OptionA.
canbeusedaseitheratransmitterorareceiver.
OptionB.
canonlybeusedasareceiver.
OptionC.
canonlybeusedasatransmitter.
CorrectAnsweris. canbeusedaseitheratransmitterorareceiver.
Explanation. TheTDXisatransmitter,theTDRisareceiver.
QuestionNumber.
4.
Aresolverhas.
OptionA.
3coilsontherotorand2coilsonthestator.
OptionB.
2coilsontherotorand3coilsonthestator.
OptionC.
2coilsontherotorand2coilsonthestator.
CorrectAnsweris. 2coilsontherotorand2coilsonthestator.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
5.
The'null'pointonacontrolsynchroiswhenthetworotorsare.
OptionA.
wiredinseries.
OptionB.
at90toeachother.
OptionC.
paralleltoeachother.
CorrectAnsweris. at90toeachother.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
6.
Therotorofadesynnindicatoris.
OptionA.
anelectromagnet.
OptionB.
apermanentmagnet.
OptionC.
anACmagnet.
CorrectAnsweris. apermanentmagnet.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
7.
Thepositionfeedbackfromapotentiometeris.
OptionA.
antiphase.
OptionB.
inphase.
OptionC.
90degreesoutofphase.
CorrectAnsweris. antiphase.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
8.
Adifferentialsynchrohas.
OptionA.
singlephasestator,2phaserotor.
OptionB.
3phasestator,3phaserotor.
OptionC.
3phasestator,singlephaserotor.
CorrectAnsweris. 3phasestator,3phaserotor.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
9.
Whenaservomotorhasstopped,theratefeedbackfromatachogeneratoris.
OptionA.
maximumandinphase.
OptionB.
maximumandantiphase.
OptionC.
zero.
CorrectAnsweris. zero.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
10.
Atachogeneratorisusuallyusedfor.
OptionA.
angularfeedback.
OptionB.
ratefeedback.
OptionC.
positionfeedback.
CorrectAnsweris. ratefeedback.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
11.
Differentialsynchroshave.
OptionA.
atransmitterandareceiver.
OptionB.
atransmitteronly.
OptionC.
areceiveronly.
CorrectAnsweris. atransmitterandareceiver.
Explanation. SeePallettAircraftInstrumentsandIntegratedSystemspg135.
QuestionNumber.
12.
Inatorquesynchrosystem,thepowersupplyisconnectedto.
OptionA.
therotorwindingsofboththetransmitterandreceiver.
OptionB.
thestatorwindingsofthetransmitter.
OptionC.
therotorwindingsofthetransmitteronly.
CorrectAnsweris. therotorwindingsofboththetransmitterandreceiver.
Explanation. Pallett Aircraft Instruments and Integrated Systems pg 135. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin
Page185/6.
QuestionNumber.
13.
Toreduceovershooterrorsinasynchro.
OptionA.
thegainoftheamplifierisincreased.
OptionB.
thesystemwillhavevelocityfeedback.
OptionC.
thesystemwillhavepositionfeedback.
CorrectAnsweris. thesystemwillhavevelocityfeedback.
Explanation. Velocityfeedbackisusedtoreduceovershootandoscillations.
QuestionNumber.
14.
Asynchrotransformerisusedto.
OptionA.
addtheoutputoftwosynchrotransmitters.
OptionB.
deriveanerrorvoltagefromasynchrotransmittersignalandashaftposition.
OptionC.
obtaina26voltACreference.
CorrectAnsweris. deriveanerrorvoltagefromasynchrotransmittersignalandashaftposition.
Explanation. PallettAutomaticFlightControlpg135.
QuestionNumber.
15.
Reversalofthecompletepowertoatorquesynchrosystemwill.
OptionA.
displacethereceiverrotorby180o.
OptionB.
causereverserotationofthereceiverrotor.
OptionC.
havenoeffect.
CorrectAnsweris. havenoeffect.
Explanation. SincebothrotorsaresuppliedwiththesameAC,reversingtheconnectionstobothwillhavenoeffect.
QuestionNumber.
16.
Thepowersupplytoatorquesynchrosystemis.
OptionA.
ACorDC.
OptionB.
AC.
OptionC.
DC.
CorrectAnsweris. AC.
Explanation. SeePallettAircraftInstrumentsandIntegratedSystemspg135.
QuestionNumber.
17.
Anopenloopsystemisonewhichhas.
OptionA.
nodirectfeedbackloop.
OptionB.
ratefeedbackloop.
OptionC.
positionfeedbackonly.
CorrectAnsweris. nodirectfeedbackloop.
Explanation. Openloophasnofeedback.
QuestionNumber.
18.
Mechanicalfrictioninaservoresultsin.
OptionA.
increasedinertia.
OptionB.
increaseddamping.
OptionC.
reducedgain.
CorrectAnsweris. increaseddamping.
Explanation. Frictiondevicesaresometimesusedtoincreasedampingandthusdecreaseoscillations.
QuestionNumber.
19.
Thepositionfeedbacksignalis.
OptionA.
phaseadvancedby90withrespecttotheinputsignal.
OptionB.
inphasewiththeinputdemandsignal.
OptionC.
inantiphasewiththedemandsignal.
CorrectAnsweris. inantiphasewiththedemandsignal.
Explanation. Thepositivefeedbackmustbeinantiphaseifitistoopposethedemandinput.
QuestionNumber.
20.
Aservosystemthatovershootsandoscillatesis.
OptionA.
underdamped.
OptionB.
overdamped.
OptionC.
criticallydamped.
CorrectAnsweris. underdamped.
Explanation. Oscillationsarecausedbyanunderdampedsystem.
QuestionNumber.
21.
Thepowersupplytoatorquesynchrosystemisconnectedto.
OptionA.
thetransmitterrotoronly.
OptionB.
thetransmitterstator.
OptionC.
thetransmitterandreceiverrotors.
CorrectAnsweris. thetransmitterandreceiverrotors.
Explanation. SeePallettAircraft|InstrumentsandIntegratedSystemspg135.
QuestionNumber.
22.
Inatoroidalresistancetransmitterindicatorsystem,thepowersupplyisconnectedto.
OptionA.
theresistorslab.
OptionB.
therotor.
OptionC.
thebrushes.
CorrectAnsweris. thebrushes.
Explanation. AtoroidalresistanceindicatorisbetterknownasaDesynnindicator.
QuestionNumber.
23.
Whenaservohasreacheditsnullandstopped,thevelocityfeedbackis.
OptionA.
maximumandantiphase.
OptionB.
maximumandinphase.
OptionC.
zero.
CorrectAnsweris. zero.
Explanation. Velocityfeedbackwillstopwhentheloadisatrest.
QuestionNumber.
24.
Theprimarypurposeofratefeedbackinapositionalservosystemisto.
OptionA.
ensuresystemlinearity.
OptionB.
preventexcessiveovershoot.
OptionC.
ensureminimumresponsetime.
CorrectAnsweris. preventexcessiveovershoot.
Explanation. Ratefeedbackistopreventexcessiveovershootandoscillation.
QuestionNumber.
25.
InanACrateservo,asteadyinputwillresultintheservomotor.
OptionA.
rotatingtoanewdatumposition.
OptionB.
rotatingataconstantspeed.
OptionC.
oscillatingaboutanewdatum.
CorrectAnsweris. rotatingataconstantspeed.
Explanation. AnACrateservoisdesignedtorotateaload(suchasaradardish)ataconstantspeedcontinually.
QuestionNumber.
26.
Inatorquesynchrothatincludesadifferentialsynchrothepowersupplyisconnectedto.
OptionA.
allthreerotors.
OptionB.
thetransmitterandreceiverrotorsonly.
OptionC.
thetransmitterrotoronly.
CorrectAnsweris. thetransmitterandreceiverrotorsonly.
Explanation. SeePallettAircraftInstrumentsandIntegratedSystemspg135.
QuestionNumber.
27.
Adifferentialsynchrorotorhas.
OptionA.
threewindings.
OptionB.
twowindings.
OptionC.
onewinding.
CorrectAnsweris. threewindings.
Explanation. SeePallettAircraftInstrumentsandIntegratedSystemspg135.
QuestionNumber.
28.
Inaresolversynchrothestatorwindingsareelectricallydisplacedby.
OptionA.
90.
OptionB.
180.
OptionC.
120.
CorrectAnsweris. 90.
Explanation. PallettAircraftInstrumentsandIntegratedSystemspg135.
QuestionNumber.
29.
Aresolversynchrooutputisobtainedfromarotorwith.
OptionA.
twocoilsat90.
OptionB.
onesinglecoil.
OptionC.
threecoilsat120.
CorrectAnsweris. twocoilsat90.
Explanation. PallettAircraftInstrumentsandIntegratedSystemspg135.
QuestionNumber.
30.
Inaspeedcontrolservosystem(ratecontrol),thepurposeofthetachogeneratoris.
OptionA.
tomakethevelocityproportionaltoservodemand.
OptionB.
tomakethedeflectionproportionaltoservodemand.
OptionC.
tomakeitrunatconstantspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. tomakeitrunatconstantspeed.
Explanation. Thetachogeneratoristomaketheloadrunataconstantspeed.
QuestionNumber.
31.
Therotorofatorquesynchroindicatoris.
OptionA.
suppliedwithanexcitationvoltage.
OptionB.
connectedinserieswiththetransmitterstatorcoil.
OptionC.
shortcircuited.
CorrectAnsweris. suppliedwithanexcitationvoltage.
Explanation. Theexcitationvoltageisthatnecessarytomagnetisetherotor.
QuestionNumber.
32.
Toincreasetheoutputofaservoamplifier,itisnecessaryto.
OptionA.
reducethetachofeedback.
OptionB.
increasethepositionfeedback.
OptionC.
increasethetachofeedback.
CorrectAnsweris. reducethetachofeedback.
Explanation. Tachogeneratorfeedbackopposestheerrorsignalandthusreducesamplifieroutput.
QuestionNumber.
33.
Angular displacement of the control coils with respect to the reference coils in a two phase induction
motorare.
OptionA.
90,270.
OptionB.
0,180.
OptionC.
90,120.
CorrectAnsweris. 90,270.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
34.
Aservomotorhavingonlyatachogeneratorasafeedbackdevicewill.
OptionA.
varyitsspeedwithinputerrorvoltage.
OptionB.
nulloutatapositiondependantuponinputerrorvoltage.
OptionC.
haveaconstantspeedforanygiveninputvoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. haveaconstantspeedforanygiveninputvoltage.
Explanation. Withonlyatachofeedbackitisarateservo.
QuestionNumber.
35.
Thenullpositionofatorquesynchrosystemiswhen.
OptionA.
theTXandTRrotorsareparalleltoeachother.
OptionB.
theTXandTRrotorsare90toeachother.
OptionC.
theTXandTRrotorsare120toeachother.
CorrectAnsweris. theTXandTRrotorsareparalleltoeachother.
Explanation. TXandTRrotorsmustbeparalleltobeatthenullposition.
QuestionNumber.
36.
AnACtachogeneratorstatorhas.
OptionA.
twowindings180apart.
OptionB.
threewindings120apart.
OptionC.
twowindings90apart.
CorrectAnsweris. twowindings90apart.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
37.
WhentherotorofanACtachogeneratorisstationary,therotorhas.
OptionA.
nomagneticfields.
OptionB.
nocirculatingcurrents.
OptionC.
lowcirculatingcurrents.
CorrectAnsweris. lowcirculatingcurrents.
Explanation. AsmallamountofresidualvoltageexistsontheoutputwindingofanACtachogeneratorwhenitisstationary.
QuestionNumber.
38.
Aclosedloopservomechanism.
OptionA.
mustonlyhavepositionfeedback.
OptionB.
musthavebothpositionandvelocityfeedback.
OptionC.
canhaveeitherpositionorvelocityfeedback.
CorrectAnsweris. canhaveeitherpositionorvelocityfeedback.
Explanation. Aclosedloopservomechanismcanhaveeitherpositionfeedbackorvelocityfeedbackorboth.
QuestionNumber.
39.
Inacontrolsynchrosystemthepowersupplyisconnectedtothe.
OptionA.
transmitterandreceiverrotors.
OptionB.
transmitterrotorandamplifier.
OptionC.
receiverrotorandamplifier.
CorrectAnsweris. transmitterrotorandamplifier.
Explanation. PallettAircraftInstrumentsandIntegratedSystemspg141.
QuestionNumber.
40.
Velocityfeedback.
OptionA.
opposesthedemandinput.
OptionB.
assiststhedemandinput.
OptionC.
preventsdeadspaceerrors.
CorrectAnsweris. opposesthedemandinput.
Explanation. Velocityfeedbackisantiphasetothedemandinputandopposesit.
QuestionNumber.
41.
Anincreaseinvelocityfeedbackwill.
OptionA.
decreasethespeedtheloadmoves.
OptionB.
havenoeffectonspeed.
OptionC.
increasethespeedtheloadmoves.
CorrectAnsweris. decreasethespeedtheloadmoves.
Explanation. Velocityfeedbackopposesdemandinputthereforeitreducesthewspeedtheloadmoves.
QuestionNumber.
42.
Ratefeedbackcanbeobtainedfroma.
OptionA.
tachogenerator.
OptionB.
synchro.
OptionC.
potentiometer.
CorrectAnsweris. tachogenerator.
Explanation. Atachogeneratorproducesratefeedback.
QuestionNumber.
43.
Positionalfeedbackcanbeobtainedfroma.
OptionA.
synchro.
OptionB.
potentiometer.
OptionC.
tachogenerator.
CorrectAnsweris. potentiometer.
Explanation. Apotentiometerproducespositionalfeedback.
QuestionNumber.
44.
The'null'pointinacontrolsynchroiswhenthetworotorsare.
OptionA.
at90toeachother.
OptionB.
wiredinseries.
OptionC.
paralleltoeachother.
CorrectAnsweris. at90toeachother.
Explanation. In a control synchro the null position is when the rotors are 90 degrees to each other (unlike a torque synchro where
theymustbeparalleltoeachother).
QuestionNumber.
45.
Inacontrolsynchrothestatorcurrentceasestoflowwhenthe.
OptionA.
CTrotorisatnull.
OptionB.
powerisremoved.
OptionC.
tworotorsarealigned.
CorrectAnsweris. powerisremoved.
Explanation. Inacontrolsynchrocurrentflowsinthestatorlinesatalltimes,regardlessofthepositionofthetransformerrotor.
QuestionNumber.
46.
Inarateservo(speedcontrol)thesignalintotheservoamplifieris.
OptionA.
inputvoltagepluspositionfeedbackvoltage.
OptionB.
inputvoltageplustachogeneratoroutput.
OptionC.
inputvoltageminustachogeneratoroutput.
CorrectAnsweris. inputvoltageminustachogeneratoroutput.
Explanation. In a rate servo the input voltage makes the load rotate and the tachogenerator output (which is negative feedback)
preventsitrotatingtoofast.
QuestionNumber.
47.
Toreduceoscillationsaboutademandposition.
OptionA.
theamountofvelocityfeedbackwouldbeincreased.
OptionB.
theamountofvelocityfeedbackwouldbedecreased.
OptionC.
theamountofpositionfeedbackwouldbeincreased.
CorrectAnsweris. theamountofvelocityfeedbackwouldbeincreased.
Explanation. If velocity feedback is increased, there is more opposition to the demand signal and the load will move slower and
oscillationswillbereduced.
QuestionNumber.
48.
Positivefeedbackappliedtoaservomechanism.
OptionA.
increasestheresponseofthesystem.
OptionB.
opposesthedemandsignal.
OptionC.
decreasestheresponseofthesystem.
CorrectAnsweris. increasestheresponseofthesystem.
Explanation. Positivefeedbackwilladdtotheinputoftheamplifierandincreasetheresponseofthesystem.
QuestionNumber.
49.
Adifferentialsynchrorotorconsistsof.
OptionA.
twowindingsat90apart.
OptionB.
onewindingparalleltothetransmitterrotor.
OptionC.
threewindingsat120apart.
CorrectAnsweris. threewindingsat120apart.
Explanation. PallettAircraftInstrumentsandIntegratedSystemspg143.
QuestionNumber.
50.
Adifferentialsynchrotransmitterusedforadditionhas.
OptionA.
theTDXS1andS3connectionscrossconnectedtotheTX.
OptionB.
theTDXS1andS3connectionscrossconnectedtotheTR.
OptionC.
theTDXR1,R3andS1,S3connectionscrossconnectedtotheTX.
CorrectAnsweris. theTDXR1,R3andS1,S3connectionscrossconnectedtotheTX.
QuestionNumber.
51.
Differentialtransmittersareusedto.
OptionA.
addorsubtracttwoelectricalsignals.
OptionB.
addorsubtractamechanicalsignaltoanelectricalsynchrosignal.
OptionC.
increasetheoperatingspeedofthesynchroreceiver.
CorrectAnsweris. addorsubtractamechanicalsignaltoanelectricalsynchrosignal.
Explanation. A differential synchro is used to add or subtractamechanicalsignalfromanelectricalsignalderivedfromthesynchro
transmitter.
QuestionNumber.
52.
WhenresolvingaCartesianinputtoaPolaroutput.
OptionA.
theoutputsaretwovoltages.
OptionB.
theinputsareashaftangleandavoltage.
OptionC.
theinputsaretwovoltages.
CorrectAnsweris. theinputsaretwovoltages.
Explanation. Cartesian inputs are the X and Y coordinates and are represented by two voltages. The outputs are represented by a
voltageandanangularposition.
QuestionNumber.
53.
Aresolversynchrooutputisobtainedfromarotorwith.
OptionA.
onesinglecoil.
OptionB.
twocoilsat90toeachother.
OptionC.
threecoilsat120toeachother.
CorrectAnsweris. twocoilsat90toeachother.
Explanation. Aresolversynchrohastwocoilsat90degreestoeachother.
QuestionNumber.
54.
Theoutputofaresolversynchrois.
OptionA.
dependantuponthepositionoftherotoronly.
OptionB.
proportionaltothespeedofinputrotation.
OptionC.
afunctionoftherotorpositionandexcitationvoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. afunctionoftherotorpositionandexcitationvoltage.
Explanation. Theoutputofaresolversynchroisangularpositionandavoltagetorepresentthedistance.
QuestionNumber.
55.
Therotorofanautosynpositionindicatingsystemis.
OptionA.
apermanentmagnet.
OptionB.
springcontrolled.
OptionC.
anelectromagnet.
CorrectAnsweris. anelectromagnet.
Explanation. Therotorofanautosynpositionindicatingsystemisanelectromagnet.
QuestionNumber.
56.
Therotorofamagnesyntransmitteris.
OptionA.
apermanentmagnet.
OptionB.
anacelectromagnet.
OptionC.
adcelectromagnet.
CorrectAnsweris. apermanentmagnet.
Explanation. Therotorofamagnesyntransmitter(andreceiver)isapermanentmagnet.
QuestionNumber.
57.
Torquesynchrosystemsarenormallyusedwhenthe.
OptionA.
systemaccuracyisofextremeimportance.
OptionB.
mechanicalloadishigh.
OptionC.
mechanicalloadislow.
CorrectAnsweris. mechanicalloadislow.
Explanation. Torquesynchrosareusedforindicationonly,i.e.whentheloadislow.
QuestionNumber.
58.
Inaresolversynchrothestatorwindingsareelectricallydisposedby.
OptionA.
90.
OptionB.
120.
OptionC.
180.
CorrectAnsweris. 90.
Explanation. Aresolversynchrohasthewindings90degreesapart.
QuestionNumber.
59.
Torquesynchrosystemsarenormallyusedwhenthe.
OptionA.
systemaccuracyisofextremeimportance.
OptionB.
mechanicalloadishigh.
OptionC.
mechanicalloadislow.
CorrectAnsweris. mechanicalloadislow.
Explanation. Atorquesynchroisonlyusedforindicationi.e.theloadislow.
QuestionNumber.
60.
Whatdevicetransfersoneenergytypetoanother?.
OptionA.
Transponder.
OptionB.
Transducer.
OptionC.
Transmitter.
CorrectAnsweris. Transducer.
Explanation. The device that transfers one energy type to another is called a transducer. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
EditionEisminPage171.
QuestionNumber.
61.
Electricalpowerissuppliedtoasynchrorotor.
OptionA.
throughsliprings.
OptionB.
throughacommutator.
OptionC.
directly.
CorrectAnsweris. throughsliprings.
Explanation. Electricalpowerisconnectedtoasynchrorotorthroughsliprings.
QuestionNumber.
62.
Inasynchroresolver,thestatorcoilsareatwhatangleinrelationtooneanother?.
OptionA.
45degrees.
OptionB.
80degrees.
OptionC.
90degrees.
CorrectAnsweris. 90degrees.
Explanation. Inasynchroresolverthestatorcoilsare90degreestoeachother."
QuestionNumber.
63.
Anincreaseinnegativefeedbacktotheservoamplifier.
OptionA.
hasnoeffect.
OptionB.
increasesamplifierstability.
OptionC.
decreasesamplifierstability.
CorrectAnsweris. increasesamplifierstability.
Explanation. Negativefeedbackhelpstoincreasethestabilityofanamplifierwithchangesintemperatureandtheeffectsofage.
QuestionNumber.
64.
Inasynchro,whatisusedtoconvertsignalsfromoneformtoanother?.
OptionA.
Transducer.
OptionB.
Transmitter.
OptionC.
Transformer.
CorrectAnsweris. Transducer.
Explanation. A'transducer'convertsonesignaltypetoanother.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage171.
QuestionNumber.
65.
Acontrolsurfacepositionfeedbacksignalis.
OptionA.
inverselyproportionaltosurfaceposition.
OptionB.
proportionaltosurfaceposition.
OptionC.
nonlinear.
CorrectAnsweris. proportionaltosurfaceposition.
Explanation. Position feedback is proportional to surface position. Meaning, as control surface deflection increases, so does the
feedback.
QuestionNumber.
66.
Apositiongyrowillprovide.
OptionA.
accelerationfeedback.
OptionB.
velocityfeedback.
OptionC.
positionalfeedback.
CorrectAnsweris. positionalfeedback.
Explanation. Referringtoa'positiongyro'asinartificialhorizonanddirectionalgyro.
QuestionNumber.
67.
Invelocityfeedbackthesignalis.
OptionA.
outofphase.
OptionB.
inphase.
OptionC.
equaltotheerrorsignal.
CorrectAnsweris. outofphase.
Explanation. Thevelocityfeedbackmustbeantiphasewiththeerrorsignalinordertoopposeit(andthusbenegativefeedback).
QuestionNumber.
68.
Ifvelocityfeedbackinaservosystemisaboveoptimum,thiswillcause.
OptionA.
noeffect.
OptionB.
sluggishoperation.
OptionC.
hunting.
CorrectAnsweris. sluggishoperation.
Explanation. Velocityfeedbackslowsdowntheoperationoftherotor.
QuestionNumber.
69.
Theamountofratefeedbackfromatachogeneratoris.
OptionA.
proportionaltospeed.
OptionB.
constantforallservospeeds.
OptionC.
inverselyproportionaltospeed.
CorrectAnsweris. proportionaltospeed.
Explanation. Atachogeneratorprovidesfeedbackproportionaltoitsrate(speed).
QuestionNumber.
70.
Whatcontrolsystemisusedonaninputthatgivesacontrolledpredeterminedoutput?.
OptionA.
ControlServo.
OptionB.
ClosedLoop.
OptionC.
OpenLoop.
CorrectAnsweris. ClosedLoop.
Explanation. Onlyaclosedloopcontrolsystemcangiveapredeterminedoutput.
QuestionNumber.
71.
Increasingvelocityfeedbackfromoptimumwillgive.
OptionA.
fasterperformance.
OptionB.
sluggishperformance.
OptionC.
nochangeontheoutput.
CorrectAnsweris. sluggishperformance.
Explanation. Velocityfeedbackissubtractedfromtheerrorsignaltoreducetherateoftheoutput.
QuestionNumber.
72.
Aratecontrolservosystemwithasteadyinputvoltagewillgive.
OptionA.
decreasingspeed.
OptionB.
increasingspeed.
OptionC.
constantspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. constantspeed.
Explanation. Aratecontrolsystemwithasteadyinputvoltagewillgiveaconstantspeedoutput.
QuestionNumber.
73.
Anincreaseinamplitudeofaratefeedbacksignalwillcause.
OptionA.
sluggishservooperation.
OptionB.
unstableoperation.
OptionC.
reducedhunting.
CorrectAnsweris. reducedhunting.
Explanation. Rate feedback is to reduce overshoot and oscillation (hunting), therefore, increasing the amplitude (size) of the rate
feedbackwilldecreasetendencytohunt.
QuestionNumber.
74.
Anincreaseinnegativefeedback.
OptionA.
decreasessystemsensitivity.
OptionB.
increasessystemsensitivity.
OptionC.
willmakethedrivendevicecontinuouslyrotate.
CorrectAnsweris. decreasessystemsensitivity.
Explanation. Negativefeedback(positionand/orrate)increasesstabilitybutmakestheservounresponsivetosmallchanges.
QuestionNumber.
75.
Positionfeedbackisusedto.
OptionA.
indicatetothepilotthepositionoftheload.
OptionB.
topreventcontrolsurfaceoscillationswhilethesurfaceisbeingmoved.
OptionC.
ensurecontrolsurfacemovestothedemandedpositionbythecontrols.
CorrectAnsweris. ensurecontrolsurfacemovestothedemandedpositionbythecontrols.
Explanation. Positionfeedbackistoensurecontrolsurfacemovesto(andstopsat)thedemandedpositionbythecontrols.
QuestionNumber.
76.
Theoutputfromacontroltransformeris.
OptionA.
torque.
OptionB.
ACvoltage.
OptionC.
DCvoltage.
CorrectAnsweris. ACvoltage.
Explanation. ThecontroltransformerprovidesACvoltageinproportiontotheerrorsignal.
QuestionNumber.
77.
Thestatoroutputvoltagesfromasynchroresolverare.
OptionA.
3phase.
OptionB.
ACsinglephase.
OptionC.
DC.
CorrectAnsweris. ACsinglephase.
Explanation. ACsinglephasefromeachwinding.
QuestionNumber.
78.
Atypicaluseforresolversynchrosis.
OptionA.
flybywiresystem.
OptionB.
enginepowerinstrumentation.
OptionC.
incompasscomparatorunits.
CorrectAnsweris. incompasscomparatorunits.
Explanation. A resolver synchro converts Cartesian coordinates (grid refs) to polar (compass reading) and can be usedtocheckthe
accuracyofthecompasssystem.
QuestionNumber.
79.
Whatdoesaresolverdo?.
OptionA.
Addstwosignals.
OptionB.
Resolvesamovementintosineandcosinecomponents.
OptionC.
Resolvesapositionintosineandcosinecomponents.
CorrectAnsweris. Resolvesapositionintosineandcosinecomponents.
Explanation. Aresolverconvertsapositionfrompolarcoordinatesintocartesiancoordinates,and/orviceversa.
QuestionNumber.
80.
Ifthefeedbackisideallydamped,thesignalwill.
OptionA.
overshootsonceandreturnback.
OptionB.
notovershoot.
OptionC.
oscillate.
CorrectAnsweris. overshootsonceandreturnback.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
81.
Inatachogeneratortheoutputvoltageis.
OptionA.
inverselyproportionaltothespeed.
OptionB.
zero.
OptionC.
directlyproportionaltothespeed.
CorrectAnsweris. directlyproportionaltothespeed.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
82.
Theprimarypurposeofratefeedbackinapositionalservosystemisto.
OptionA.
ensuresystemlinearity.
OptionB.
preventexcessiveovershoot.
OptionC.
ensureminimumresponsetime.
CorrectAnsweris. preventexcessiveovershoot.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
83.
Inacontrolsurfacepositionindicatingsystemthefeedbacksignalis.
OptionA.
inphasewiththecontrolsurfaceposition.
OptionB.
indirectlyproportionaltothecontrolsurfaceposition.
OptionC.
proportionaltothecontrolsurfaceposition.
CorrectAnsweris. proportionaltothecontrolsurfaceposition.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
84.
Synchrosystemsdependontheprinciplesof.
OptionA.
electromagneticinduction.
OptionB.
capacitivereaction.
OptionC.
mutualInductance.
CorrectAnsweris. mutualInductance.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
85.
Apiezoelectriccrystalisanexampleof.
OptionA.
ananaloguetransducer.
OptionB.
aPneumaticTransducer.
OptionC.
aElectroAcousticTransducer.
CorrectAnsweris. ananaloguetransducer.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
86.
Thedifferencebetweenanopenandclosedloopis.
OptionA.
errorsignal.
OptionB.
feedback.
OptionC.
correspondence.
CorrectAnsweris. feedback.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
87.
InaDesynnindicatorsystem,whereispowersuppliedto?.
OptionA.
Transmitterandindicator.
OptionB.
Indicatoronly.
OptionC.
Transmitteronly.
CorrectAnsweris. Transmitteronly.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
88.
WhatdoestheDesynnindicatorrotorconsistof?.
OptionA.
Electromagnet.
OptionB.
PermanentMagnet.
OptionC.
Aluminiumcoredcoil.
CorrectAnsweris. PermanentMagnet.
Explanation. NIL.
3b.Servomechanisms.
QuestionNumber.
1.
Whenaservomotorovershootsafterastepinputandoscillatesitis.
OptionA.
underdamped.
OptionB.
overdamped.
OptionC.
criticallydamped.
CorrectAnsweris. underdamped.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
2.
Areductionfromtheoptimumsettingofthevelocityfeedbackinaservoloopcouldcause.
OptionA.
instability.
OptionB.
slowresponse.
OptionC.
owservogain.
CorrectAnsweris. instability.
Explanation. SeePallettAutomaticFlightControlpg88.
QuestionNumber.
3.
Thephasedifferencebetweenthesuppliesofatwophaseinductionmotoris.
OptionA.
90.
OptionB.
180.
OptionC.
0.
CorrectAnsweris. 90.
Explanation. Thephasedifferenceofthetwophasesappliedtoaninductionmotoris90.
QuestionNumber.
4.
If the rotor of the receiver in a torque synchro system was prevented fromaligningwiththetransmitter
rotor,then.
OptionA.
thetransmitterrotorwillturntoalignwiththereceiverrotor.
OptionB.
thereceiverwillhunt.
OptionC.
thereceiverwilloverheat.
CorrectAnsweris. thereceiverwilloverheat.
Explanation. Currentflowsinthestatorwhenevertherotorsarenotincorrespondence.
QuestionNumber.
5.
AnE&Ibaroutputatdatumhas.
OptionA.
animbalanceofvoltagesinthesecondarywindings.
OptionB.
noinducedvoltageinthesecondarywindings.
OptionC.
equalandoppositevoltagesinducedinthesecondary.
CorrectAnsweris. equalandoppositevoltagesinducedinthesecondary.
Explanation. SeePallettAutomaticFlightControlpg130.
QuestionNumber.
6.
The result of cross connectingtwoofthetransmissionleadsinatorquesynchrosystemandthenturning
therotorofthetransmitter60clockwisewouldbe.
OptionA.
thereceiverwouldmove60clockwise.
OptionB.
thereceiverwouldmove60anticlockwise.
OptionC.
thereceiverwouldmove120anticlockwise.
CorrectAnsweris. thereceiverwouldmove60anticlockwise.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
7.
ThecontrolwindingsofatwophaseservomotorissuppliedwithACvoltageof.
OptionA.
variableamplitude,variablephase.
OptionB.
variablephase.
OptionC.
constantamplitude.
CorrectAnsweris. variableamplitude,variablephase.
Explanation. The control windings are fed with variable amplitude AC but the amplitude can be positive (in phase) or negative
(antiphase).
QuestionNumber.
8.
Iftherotorofacontrolsynchrosticks.
OptionA.
thesystemhunts.
OptionB.
thepositionfeedbackwilloscillate.
OptionC.
highcurrentwillflow.
CorrectAnsweris. highcurrentwillflow.
Explanation. Highcurrentflowsinthestatorswhenevertherotorsarenotincorrespondence.
QuestionNumber.
9.
With the reversal of the connections to the rotor of the transmitter of a torque synchro, the position of
thereceiverrotorwillbe.
OptionA.
changedby120.
OptionB.
unchanged.
OptionC.
changedby180.
CorrectAnsweris. changedby180.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
10.
Theapplicationofa'stickoff'voltagetoacontrolsynchroservosystemis.
OptionA.
toovercometheeffectofstaticfriction.
OptionB.
toovercometheeffectofviscousfriction.
OptionC.
topreventalignmenttoafalsenull.
CorrectAnsweris. topreventalignmenttoafalsenull.
Explanation. Stickoffvoltageistopreventalignmenttoafalsenull(i.e.180degreesout)whensystemisswitchedoff.
QuestionNumber.
11.
A servo system may include a brake, an automatic trim system is one example where a brake is used.
Thebrakeis.
OptionA.
appliedwhentrimmingiscompletetopreventstabilizercreep.
OptionB.
appliedduringtrimmingtopreventoscillationsaboutthedemandposition.
OptionC.
appliedduringtrimmingtopreventservorunaway.
CorrectAnsweris. appliedwhentrimmingiscompletetopreventstabilizercreep.
Explanation. Thetrimswitchoftenconsistsof2separateswitches.Oneistoreleasethebrake,theotheristoswitchonthemotor.
QuestionNumber.
12.
Inacontrolsynchrothestatorcurrentceasestoflowwhen.
OptionA.
theCTrotorisatnull.
OptionB.
whenpowerisremoved.
OptionC.
whenthetworotorsarealigned.
CorrectAnsweris. whenpowerisremoved.
Explanation. Inacontrolsynchro,thestatorissuppliedwithcurrentatalltimes,whateverthetransformerrotorposition.
QuestionNumber.
13.
The result of reversing the rotor connections to the receiver of a torque synchro systemisthattherotor
position.
OptionA.
ischangedby180.
OptionB.
isunchanged.
OptionC.
ischangedby120.
CorrectAnsweris. ischangedby180.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
14.
Atwophaseinductionmotorusedinaservomechanism.
OptionA.
willalwaysrequireastarter.
OptionB.
runswithnoslip.
OptionC.
isselfstartingunderlightloads.
CorrectAnsweris. isselfstartingunderlightloads.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
15.
Ahysteresisservomotorisusedinaservomechanismbecause.
OptionA.
ithasgoodstartingcharacteristics.
OptionB.
goodspeed/voltagerelationship.
OptionC.
lowinertia.
CorrectAnsweris. ithasgoodstartingcharacteristics.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
16.
Reversaloftwoofthestatorconnectionsonatorquesynchroreceiverwouldcause.
OptionA.
thetransmittertobecomethereceiver.
OptionB.
theoutputtomovethesamedirectionastheinput.
OptionC.
theoutputtomovethereversedirectiontotheinput.
CorrectAnsweris. theoutputtomovethereversedirectiontotheinput.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
17.
Theoutputofatachogeneratorshouldbe.
OptionA.
exponential.
OptionB.
linear.
OptionC.
sinusoidal.
CorrectAnsweris. sinusoidal.
Explanation. Theoutputshouldbethesamewaveformastheinput,i.e.sinusoidal.
QuestionNumber.
18.
Withaconstantinputtoaspeedcontrolservo,theservomotor.
OptionA.
movestoacertainposition.
OptionB.
movesataconstantspeed.
OptionC.
oscillates,butotherwisedoesnotmove.
CorrectAnsweris. movesataconstantspeed.
Explanation. Aspeedcontrolservomovestheload(e.g.aradardish)atconstantspeed.
QuestionNumber.
19.
Criticaldampinginaservomechanismis.
OptionA.
thepointwhichallowsjustoneovershootbeforetheloadcomestorest.
OptionB.
theamountofdampingthatresultsintheloadjustnotoscillating.
OptionC.
thecriticaldampingrequiredfortheoptimumdampingoftheservomechanism.
CorrectAnsweris. theamountofdampingthatresultsintheloadjustnotoscillating.
Explanation. dampingresultsinthefastesttimetodemandpositionwithoutanyovershoot.
QuestionNumber.
20.
Reverserotationofacontroltransformerrotorcanbecausedby.
OptionA.
connectionstothetransmitterrotorreversed.
OptionB.
connectionsbetweenthetransformerrotorandtheamplifierreversed.
OptionC.
shortcircuitbetweentwotransmissionlines.
CorrectAnsweris. connectionsbetweenthetransformerrotorandtheamplifierreversed.
Explanation. Reversing the connections to the amplifier will make the motor run backwards. Then the feedback will drive the
transformerrotorinthewrongdirection.
QuestionNumber.
21.
Velocitylagcanbedecreasedby.
OptionA.
keepingtheerrordetector(summingpoint)outputaslowaspossible.
OptionB.
introductionofanintegrator.
OptionC.
decreasingthecoulombfrictioninthesystem.
CorrectAnsweris. decreasingthecoulombfrictioninthesystem.
Explanation. Coulombfrictionisoneofthethingswhichcausesvelocitylag.
QuestionNumber.
22.
Atwophasemotorwillstopwhen.
OptionA.
thecontrolphaseisreversed.
OptionB.
thereferencephaseisreversed.
OptionC.
thecontrolphaseiszero.
CorrectAnsweris. thecontrolphaseiszero.
Explanation. Atwophasemotorwillstopwhenthecontrolphaseiszero(i.e.nooutput).
QuestionNumber.
23.
Atachogeneratoroutputis.
OptionA.
variablefrequency,constantvoltage.
OptionB.
variablefrequency,variablevoltage.
OptionC.
variablevoltage,constantfrequency.
CorrectAnsweris. variablevoltage,constantfrequency.
Explanation. Atachogeneratoroutputisthesamefrequencyastheinput(i.e.constant)butthevoltagevaries.
QuestionNumber.
24.
If two ofthestatorleadsare crossconnectedinacontrolsynchrosystem,a25clockwiserotationofthe
inputrotorwouldresultintheoutputrotor.
OptionA.
moving180torectifythedefect.
OptionB.
moving25anticlockwise.
OptionC.
moving25clockwise.
CorrectAnsweris. moving25anticlockwise.
Explanation. Cross connecting two stator leads of a control synchro will make the magnetic field in the receiver rotate in the
oppositedirectionasthetransmitter.
QuestionNumber.
25.
Dampinginaservomechanismiseasiertoapplyif.
OptionA.
themechanismislightandhashighinertia.
OptionB.
themechanismislightandhaslowinertia.
OptionC.
themechanismisheavyandhashighinertia.
CorrectAnsweris. themechanismislightandhaslowinertia.
Explanation. Overshootandoscillationisgreatestwhenthemechanismisheavyandhasahighinertia.
QuestionNumber.
26.
If the electrical connections to the feedback generator in a control synchro system were disconnected,
the.
OptionA.
motorwouldruninthewrongdirection.
OptionB.
inputsignaltotheamplifierwouldreduce.
OptionC.
systemwouldtendtooscillate.
CorrectAnsweris. systemwouldtendtooscillate.
QuestionNumber.
27.
Anincreaseinservoamplifiergain.
OptionA.
increasessystemresponse.
OptionB.
reducestendencytohunt.
OptionC.
reducesthespeedofthesystem.
CorrectAnsweris. increasessystemresponse.
Explanation. Increasing servoamplifier gain will make the system respond faster but will also cause it to overshoot and oscillate
(hunt).
QuestionNumber.
28.
Theterm'velocitylag'referstoa.
OptionA.
speederror.
OptionB.
accelerationerror.
OptionC.
positionerror.
CorrectAnsweris. positionerror.
Explanation. Velocitylagisthedifferencebetweenthedemandinputandtheloadposition.Itisthereforeapositionerror.
QuestionNumber.
29.
TherotorofanACtachogenerator.
OptionA.
rotatesatconstantspeed.
OptionB.
hasskewedslots.
OptionC.
hasacopper,brassoraluminiumcylinder.
CorrectAnsweris. hasacopper,brassoraluminiumcylinder.
Explanation. AnACgeneratorrotorismadefromadiamagneticmaterialsuchascopper,brassoraluminium.
QuestionNumber.
30.
Aservosystemwithtransientnegativevelocityfeedback.
OptionA.
isdampedwithlittlevelocitylag.
OptionB.
isunderdampedwithhighvelocitylag.
OptionC.
isdampedwithhighvelocitylag.
CorrectAnsweris. isdampedwithlittlevelocitylag.
Explanation. Transient velocity feedback is a variable feedback which can be switched on when the system is about to overshoot
(andanticipatestheovershoot).Butitcanalsobeswitchedoffwhenitisnotrequiredtoreducethevelocitylag.
QuestionNumber.
31.
Toreversethedirectionofrotationofatwophaseinductionmotor.
OptionA.
reversethepolarityofboththecontrolphaseandreferencephase.
OptionB.
reversethepolarityofthecontrolphase.
OptionC.
shiftthereferenceby90.
CorrectAnsweris. reversethepolarityofthecontrolphase.
Explanation. To reverse the direction of a two phase induction motor the control phase must be out of phase with the reference
phase.
QuestionNumber.
32.
LossofDCtoaservoamplifiercausesthemotorto.
OptionA.
reverse.
OptionB.
stop.
OptionC.
runcontinuously.
CorrectAnsweris. stop.
Explanation. LossofDCtotheservoamplifierwillcausetheamplifiertostopworkingandthemotorwillthereforestoprunning.
QuestionNumber.
33.
AnACservodemandcanbeconvertedtodriveaDCmotorbytheintroductionofa.
OptionA.
rectifier.
OptionB.
demodulator.
OptionC.
modulator.
CorrectAnsweris. demodulator.
Explanation. A demodulator differs from a rectifier in that it can sense the phase of theACinput,andgiveanoutputeitherpositive
DCornegativeDCaccordingly.ThisthendrivestheDCmotorinthecorrectdirection.
QuestionNumber.
34.
Synchroindicatorsystemsareusedwhentheindicationisrequiredtomove.
OptionA.
afractionoftheinputdistance.
OptionB.
atthesamerateastheinput.
OptionC.
slowerthantheinputrate.
CorrectAnsweris. atthesamerateastheinput.
Explanation. Asynchroindicatormovesatthesamespeedastheinput.
QuestionNumber.
35.
Alinearvariabledifferentialtransformerisusedtomeasurepositionfeedbackwhere.
OptionA.
anoutputwhosephaseisrelatedtodirectionofmovementandamplitudelinearoverawiderange.
OptionB.
360ofrotationandhighangularaccuracyisrequired.
OptionC.
isoflimitedimportancebutrobustconstructionandreliabilityisimportant.
CorrectAnsweris. anoutputwhosephaseisrelatedtodirectionofmovementandamplitudelinearoverawiderange.
Explanation. AnLVDTmeasurespositionandprovidesadifferentphaseaccordingtothedirectionofmovement.
QuestionNumber.
36.
Alowfrequencysinusoidalinputwillcauseaclosedloopservomechanismloadto.
OptionA.
movebackwardsandforwardsattheinputfrequency.
OptionB.
movebackwardsandforwardsattheinputfrequency.
OptionC.
movetoademandpositionwithnoovershoot.
CorrectAnsweris. movetoademandpositionwithnoovershoot.
Explanation. Aclosedloopservomechanism(whateverfrequency)willmovetothedemandpositionwithnoorminimalovershoot.
QuestionNumber.
37.
Ifaservoamplifierissufferingfromdrift.
OptionA.
theloadwouldmovetoanewposition,proportionaltothedriftandthenreturnbacktothedatumposition.
OptionB.
theloadwouldmovetoanewposition,proportionaltothedriftandstaythere.
OptionC.
theloadwouldoscillateaboutthedatumposition.
CorrectAnsweris. theloadwouldmovetoanewposition,proportionaltothedriftandstaythere.
Explanation. If a servo amplifier suffers from drift (e.g. due to age or temperature), the load will move to a new position and stop
whenthepositionfeedbackcancelsoutthedriftsignal.
QuestionNumber.
38.
Inatransientvelocityfeedbackcircuit,thetachogeneratoroutputissummatedwiththedemandvoltage.
OptionA.
atalltimeswhentheloadismoving.
OptionB.
onlywhentheloadisspeedinguporslowingdown.
OptionC.
onlywhentheloadisslowingdown.
CorrectAnsweris. onlywhentheloadisspeedinguporslowingdown.
Explanation. AutomaticFlightControlEHJPallettPage91.
QuestionNumber.
39.
AnLVDThas.
OptionA.
anoutputwindingwhichiswoundinseriesopposition.
OptionB.
aninputwindingwhosevoltagewillchangewithloadmovement.
OptionC.
anoutputwindingwhosevoltageandfrequencyislineartoloadangularmovement.
CorrectAnsweris. anoutputwindingwhichiswoundinseriesopposition.
Explanation. AnLVDThasanoutputwindingwhichiswoundinseriesopposition.
QuestionNumber.
40.
Toconvertadifferentialsynchrofromsubtractiontoadditionyouwould.
OptionA.
changeovertworotorandtwostatorconnections.
OptionB.
changeoverallthreestatorwindings.
OptionC.
reversethereferencephasesupply.
CorrectAnsweris. changeovertworotorandtwostatorconnections.
Explanation. To convert a differential synchro from subtraction to addition you must swap twooftherotorleads ANDswaptwoof
thestatorleads.
QuestionNumber.
41.
Ingeneraltheaccuracyofasynchrosystemincreasesifthe.
OptionA.
statorcurrentislow.
OptionB.
rotorcurrentishigh.
OptionC.
statorcurrentishigh.
CorrectAnsweris. statorcurrentislow.
Explanation. Thesynchrosystemisonlyaccuratewhenthetworotorsareincorrespondence.Atthistimethestatorcurrentiszero.
QuestionNumber.
42.
Theinducedsignalintheoutputcoilsofthemagnesynsystem.
OptionA.
desaturatesthesoftironcore.
OptionB.
isofavalueof800Hz.
OptionC.
dampsthepointeroscillations.
CorrectAnsweris. isofavalueof800Hz.
Explanation. A signal from the permanent magnet flux is induced every time the soft iron comesoutofsaturation.Therefore,ifthe
supplyis400Hztheinducedsignalis800Hz.
QuestionNumber.
43.
Thedirectionoftheinduced(secondary)magneticfieldinasynchrotransmitter.
OptionA.
inthesamedirectionastheprimaryfield.
OptionB.
isintheoppositedirectiontotheprimaryfield.
OptionC.
is90totheprimarymagneticfield.
CorrectAnsweris. isintheoppositedirectiontotheprimaryfield.
Explanation. The rotor of a synchro transmitter induces a current into the stator coils. The stator coils produce a magnetic field
whichopposesthefieldintherotorwhichcreatedit.(Similartothesecondaryfieldofatransformer).
QuestionNumber.
44.
Thecoggingeffectinsynchrosisrectifiedby.
OptionA.
usinganellipticalcog.
OptionB.
skewingtherotor.
OptionC.
usingcarbonbrushes.
CorrectAnsweris. skewingtherotor.
Explanation. Thecoggingeffectinasynchroispreventedbyskewing(ortwisting)therotor.
QuestionNumber.
45.
Reversalofthepowersupplytoeitherthetransmitterorthereceiverofatorquesynchrosystemwould.
OptionA.
makethereceiverrotorrotateintheoppositedirection.
OptionB.
causea180displacementbetweenthetransmitterandthereceiver.
OptionC.
havenoeffectontheindication,butwouldcauseaheavycurrenttoflow.
CorrectAnsweris. causea180displacementbetweenthetransmitterandthereceiver.
Explanation. Reversal of the power supply to either the transmitter or the receiver will cause a 180 degree displacement of the
receiverrotor.
QuestionNumber.
46.
Thepurposeofaflywheelincorporatedinasynchroisto.
OptionA.
increasethedrivingforce.
OptionB.
preventinsectingress.
OptionC.
preventoscillations.
CorrectAnsweris. preventoscillations.
Explanation. Thepurposeofaflywheelonasynchroisaspartofaeddycurrent(coulombfriction)dampingmechanism.
QuestionNumber.
47.
Inasynchrosystem,iftwostatorlinesarecrossedthereceiverwill.
OptionA.
be180out.
OptionB.
notbeaffected.
OptionC.
reversedirection.
CorrectAnsweris. reversedirection.
Explanation. Iftwostatorlinesarecrossedthereceiverwillreverseindirection.
QuestionNumber.
48.
InanEandIsignalgeneratoratdatum,thevoltageonthesecondarywindings.
OptionA.
iszero.
OptionB.
ismaximum.
OptionC.
areequalandopposite.
CorrectAnsweris. areequalandopposite.
QuestionNumber.
49.
Inasynchrotel,the.
OptionA.
statorcoilisfixedandtherotorcoilmoves.
OptionB.
rotorcoilandstatorcoilisfixed.
OptionC.
rotorcoilisfixedandthestatorcoilmoves.
CorrectAnsweris. rotorcoilandstatorcoilisfixed.
Explanation. AircraftInstrumentsandIntegratedSystemsPallettPage149/150.
QuestionNumber.
50.
AnE&Itransformeroutofdatumhas.
OptionA.
equalandoppositevoltagesineachwindings.
OptionB.
unequalandoppositevoltagesinbothwindings.
OptionC.
novoltageineitherwinding.
CorrectAnsweris. unequalandoppositevoltagesinbothwindings.
Explanation. Offdatum,theE&Itransformerhasunequalandoppositevoltagesinthewindings(andhenceanoutput).
QuestionNumber.
51.
Whenismaximumvoltageinducedintotherotorofacontrolsynchrotransformer?.
OptionA.
90degrees(nullposition).
OptionB.
0degrees.
OptionC.
Whenspinningfast.
CorrectAnsweris. 0degrees.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
52.
Tochecktheoutputofasynchrostatoritwouldbepreferabletouse.
OptionA.
aValveVoltmeter.
OptionB.
aCambridgeBridge.
OptionC.
anAvometer.
CorrectAnsweris. aValveVoltmeter.
Explanation. Since the synchro stator output is a very low voltage, a high impedancemultimeterwouldbeused.Since thisisnotan
answerprovidedthemostsensitiveofthethreeistheValveVoltmeter.
QuestionNumber.
53.
Synchrocapacitorsareconnectedintosynchrosystemsto.
OptionA.
actassparksuppressionduetowearofthesliprings.
OptionB.
increasetheaccuracyofthecontrolsynchro.
OptionC.
minimizethetorquesynchrostatorcurrentatnull.
CorrectAnsweris. increasetheaccuracyofthecontrolsynchro.
Explanation. Synchrocapacitorsincreasetheaccuracyofthesynchrosystem.
QuestionNumber.
54.
Inaslabdesynntransmitterthe.
OptionA.
pickoffsformpartofthecircuitresistance.
OptionB.
pickoffsrotateontheslabresister.
OptionC.
pickoffsareconnectedtoasparksuppressor.
CorrectAnsweris. pickoffsrotateontheslabresister.
Explanation. Thepickoffsrotateontheslabresistor.AircraftElectricityandElectronics5thEditionEisminPage352.
QuestionNumber.
55.
If,inaservosystem,theamplitudefromthefeedbacksystemisbelownormal,theservowill.
OptionA.
besluggishinoperation.
OptionB.
oscillate.
OptionC.
beoverdamped.
CorrectAnsweris. oscillate.
Explanation. Thefeedbacksystemisdesignedtopreventovershootandoscillation(hunting).
QuestionNumber.
56.
Adesynninstrumenthasapositiveregularincreasingerror,youwouldadjust.
OptionA.
leverlength.
OptionB.
leverangleandleverlength.
OptionC.
leverangle.
CorrectAnsweris. leverangle.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
57.
Torquesynchroreceiverbearingfrictionwillcause.
OptionA.
improvedaccuracy.
OptionB.
misalignment.
OptionC.
hunting.
CorrectAnsweris. misalignment.
Explanation. Bearingfrictionwillcausethedelicaterotortostopbeforethedesiredposition.
QuestionNumber.
58.
Acontrolsynchrosystempointeris.
OptionA.
actuatedbyapermanentmagnet.
OptionB.
displacedbythetorqueofthestator.
OptionC.
motordriven.
CorrectAnsweris. motordriven.
Explanation. Thereceiverofacontrolsynchroiseffectivelyaslowspeedsynchronousmotor.
QuestionNumber.
59.
AD.C.signalconvertedtoaphasesensitiveA.C.is.
OptionA.
modulation.
OptionB.
demodulation.
OptionC.
phaseconversion.
CorrectAnsweris. modulation.
Explanation. DCtophasesensitiveAC='modulation'.
QuestionNumber.
60.
Therotorcoilofasynchrotel.
OptionA.
rotatesonlywhenacurrentflowsinit.
OptionB.
rotates.
OptionC.
isstationary.
CorrectAnsweris. isstationary.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
61.
Thepurposeofsynchrocapacitorsinadifferentialsynchrotransmissionsystem.
OptionA.
reducestatorcircuitimpedance.
OptionB.
toreducestatorcurrent.
OptionC.
reducerotorcurrent.
CorrectAnsweris. toreducestatorcurrent.
Explanation. Synchrocapacitorsreducestatorcurrentandmakethesynchrosystemmoreaccurate.
QuestionNumber.
62.
Thepurposeofaflywheelinasynchroreceiverindicatoristo.
OptionA.
increasedrivingtorque.
OptionB.
preventspinningoroscillation.
OptionC.
encouragespinning.
CorrectAnsweris. preventspinningoroscillation.
Explanation. Theflywheeliscoupledtosomeformofbrake(e.g.magnetic)toreduceoscillations.
QuestionNumber.
63.
Alinearvariometeris.
OptionA.
aspecialsynchrogivingacoutputproportionaltoshaftangle.
OptionB.
aspecialautotransformerforsynchrosystempowersupplies.
OptionC.
analternativetermforadesynnsystem.
CorrectAnsweris. aspecialsynchrogivingacoutputproportionaltoshaftangle.
QuestionNumber.
64.
Inasynchroteltherotatingwindingis.
OptionA.
thestator.
OptionB.
rotor.
OptionC.
neither.
CorrectAnsweris. neither.
Explanation. This is a trick question, because a synchrotel has NO rotating winding. Aircraft Instruments and Integrated Systems
PallettPage149/150.
QuestionNumber.
65.
The receiver rotor in a torque synchro system oscillates over anarcofapprox75degrees.Theprobable
causeis.
OptionA.
onestatorlineopencircuit.
OptionB.
twostatorlinesreversed.
OptionC.
shortcircuitbetweentwostatorlines.
CorrectAnsweris. onestatorlineopencircuit.
Explanation. A'possible'symptomofastatorlineopen.
QuestionNumber.
66.
Synchrocapacitorsarefitted.
OptionA.
toimprovesensitivityandaccuracy.
OptionB.
toprovidecriticaldamping.
OptionC.
tomakeadditionaldampingfeaturesunnecessary.
CorrectAnsweris. toimprovesensitivityandaccuracy.
Explanation. Synchrocapacitorsreducestatorcurrentandmakethesynchrosystemmoreaccurate.
QuestionNumber.
67.
Theoutputofacontroltransformerismade.
OptionA.
phaseandamplitudesensitivebydirectionandmagnitudeofthetransmitterrotormovementrespectively.
OptionB.
phaseandamplitudesensitivebymagnitudeanddirectionofthetransmitterrotormovementrespectively.
OptionC.
phasesensitivebytransmitterrotorexcitationandamplitudesensitivebydirectionoftransmitterrotormovement.
CorrectAnsweris. phaseandamplitudesensitivebydirectionandmagnitudeofthetransmitterrotormovementrespectively.
Explanation. PhaseprovidedbyTXrotordirection,amplitudeprovidedbyTXrotordisplacement(magnitude).
QuestionNumber.
68.
Theletter'B'followingtheidentificationcodeonthecaseofasynchrodenotes.
OptionA.
thatthesynchroissecondhand.
OptionB.
themodificationstatus.
OptionC.
thatthestatorisrotatable.
CorrectAnsweris. thatthestatorisrotatable.
QuestionNumber.
69.
TXistheabbreviationfora.
OptionA.
torquetransmitter.
OptionB.
controltransformer.
OptionC.
torquereceiver.
CorrectAnsweris. torquetransmitter.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
70.
TRistheabbreviationfora.
OptionA.
transmitterResolver.
OptionB.
torquereceiver.
OptionC.
torquesynchro.
CorrectAnsweris. torquereceiver.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
71.
Whenasynchrosystemisincorrespondence,itstransmitterandreceiver.
OptionA.
areinphase.
OptionB.
areantiphase.
OptionC.
areat90toeachother.
CorrectAnsweris. areinphase.
Explanation. NIL.
4.
QuestionNumber.
1.
Thereferencephasetoasynchrois.
OptionA.
50Hz.
OptionB.
28VDC.
OptionC.
400Hz.
CorrectAnsweris. 400Hz.
Explanation. AircraftElectricityandElectronics,TKEisminPage353.
QuestionNumber.
2.
Inratefeedback,whenthemotorhasreachedthecommandedposition,theoutputwillbe.
OptionA.
maximumandinphasewiththeinput.
OptionB.
maximumandoutofphasewiththeinput.
OptionC.
zero.
CorrectAnsweris. zero.
Explanation. Assumingitisapositionservo,notarateservo(butallthreeanswersareincorrectifitisarateservo).
QuestionNumber.
3.
Whatpowerisrequiredforadesynnindicatorsystem?.
OptionA.
DC.
OptionB.
AC400Hz.
OptionC.
AC50Hz.
CorrectAnsweris. DC.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
4.
Whatmaterialwouldhave3electronsintheoutermostorbit?.
OptionA.
MajorityCarriermaterial.
OptionB.
ThedonortoanNTypesemiconductormaterial.
OptionC.
TheacceptortoaPTypesemiconductormaterial.
CorrectAnsweris. TheacceptortoaPTypesemiconductormaterial.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
5.
amicroprocessoronaPCB.
OptionA.
isnoteasilydamagedbystaticelectricity.
OptionB.
iseasilydamagedbystaticelectricityifmishandling.
OptionC.
isonlyeasilydamagedbystaticelectricityifremovedfromtehPCB.
CorrectAnsweris. iseasilydamagedbystaticelectricityifmishandling.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
6.
Onatorquesynchro,theACpowersupplyisappliedto.
OptionA.
therotorsofboththetransmitterandthereceiver.
OptionB.
therotorofthetransmitteronly.
OptionC.
thestatorsofboththetransmitterandthereceiver.
CorrectAnsweris. therotorsofboththetransmitterandthereceiver.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
7.
TheCharacteristicCurveofatransistorisplottedonaxisof.
OptionA.
basecurrentagainstVec.
OptionB.
collectorcurrentagainstVbe.
OptionC.
collectorcurrentagainstVec.
CorrectAnsweris. collectorcurrentagainstVec.
Explanation. NIL. http://www.standrews.ac.uk/~jcgl/Scots_Guide/info/comp/active/BiPolar/bpcur.html
QuestionNumber.
8.
Amplifieroutputcharacteristicsaredefinedby.
OptionA.
thecollectorresistance.
OptionB.
theeffectoftheloadresistor.
OptionC.
theconfigurationofthetransistor.
CorrectAnsweris. theconfigurationofthetransistor.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
9.
WhatTypeofDiodeisthis?.
OptionA.
VaractorDiode.
OptionB.
DoubleActingDiode.
OptionC.
ShottkyDiode.
CorrectAnsweris. ShottkyDiode.
QuestionNumber.
10.
Adevicewhichprovidescheapandconvenientvariablepowersupplyisa.
OptionA.
Diac.
OptionB.
Variac.
OptionC.
Triac.
CorrectAnsweris. Variac.
Explanation. NIL. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autotransformer