THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM

2.2.1

Describe the development of atomic model

1. State the findings(theory) and draw the atomic model of each named scientists
below on the development of atomic model
Name of scientist
John Dalton
(1766 1844)

J.J. Thomson
(1856 1940)

Ernest
Rutherford
(1871 1937)

Neils Bohr
(1885 1962)

James Chadwick
(1891 1974)

Theory

Atomic Model

2.2.2

State the main subatomic particles of an atom

1. An atom is made up of 3 subatomic particles. The subatomic particles that are

present in an atom are
(a) ___________________________
(b) ___________________________
(c) ___________________________
2. The symbol for an atom of aluminium is written as

27
13

Al

State the number of subatomic particles that are present in aluminium atom.
Proton: __________, Neutron : __________ and Electron : ___________
2.2.3

Compare and contrast the relative mass and the relative charge of the protons,
electrons and neutrons.

1. Complete the table below to compare and contrast the relative mass and relative
charge of the protons, electrons and neutrons
Subatomic
particle
Proton,p

2.2.4

Relative atomic
mass

Relative charge

Position
In the nucleus

Neutron,n

In the nucleus

Electron,e-

Orbiting in shells
outside the nucleus

Define proton number

1. The proton number of an element is the ____________________ in its atom.

2.2.5
1.

2.2.6

Define nucleon number

Nucleon number

Determine the proton number

1. Bromine 80 has 45 neutrons. Its proton number is _______________.

2. An atom Argon has 18 electrons and 20 neutrons. Its proton number is _________.
3. Atom X has 4 protons and 5 neutrons. The proton number of element X is _______.

2.2.7

Determine the nucleon number

1. Atom X has 4 protons and 5 neutrons. Find the nucleon number of X.

2.2.8

Relate the proton number to the nucleon number.

1. The proton number of helium is 2. What is the possible nucleon number of

helium?
2. Given the proton number of X is 6. What is the possible nucleon number of X?
2.2.10 Write the symbol of elements.
1. A fluorine atom has 9 protons and 10 neutrons. What is the proton number and
nucleon number of the atom? Represent the atom in the form of AZX.
2. Bromine-80 has 45 neutrons. What are the proton number and nucleon number of
the atom? Represent the atom in the form of AZX.
2.2.11
Determine the number of neutrons, protons and electrons from the proton number and the
nucleon number and vice versa.
1. Which of the following elements has the most neutrons in its atom ?
32
39
35
40
16S , 19K , 17Cl , 18Ar
2. Atom X has 4 protons and 5 neutrons. Find the proton and nucleon number of
element X.
3. Given the proton number of carbon-14 is 6. How many protons and neutrons does
it has?
2.2.12 Construct the atomic structure.
1. An atom of element Y has 17 protons and 20 neutrons in its nucleus. Write the
electron arrangement of atom Y.
2. Given the number of protons of Z is 19. Draw a diagram to show the arrangement
of electrons around the nucleus of atom Z.

Answer:
2.2.1 Question 1
Name of
scientist
John Dalton
(1766 1844)

J.J. Thomson
(1856 1940)

Ernest
Rutherford
(1871 1937)

Neils Bohr
(1885 1962)

Theory
Proposed that:
(a) all elements are made up of
small indivisible particles called
atoms
(b) the atoms of one element are
alike, but differ from atoms of
other elements.
Suggested that the atom is
appositively charged sphere with
electrons embedded in it.

Discovered the protons and

suggested that the protons are
concentrated in the center of the
atom which is called nucleus.
The nucleus is surrounded by a
cloud of electrons.
Proposed that the electrons are
arranged in orbits surrounding the
nucleus.

James Chadwick
(1891 1974)
Discovered the neutrons. Proposed
that the nucleus contains protons
and neutrons with electron moving
in orbits surrounding the nucleus.

2.2.2 Question 1
(a) proton
(b) electron
(c) neutron
Question 2

Atomic Model

Nucleus that
contains
protons
Electron moves
outside the
nucleus

Nucleus
that contain
protons

Nucleus
that contain
protons and
neutrons

Proton = 13 ; neutron = 14 ; electron = 13

2.2.3

Question 1

Subatomic
particle
Proton,p

Relative atomic
mass
1

Relative
charge
+1

Position
In the nucleus

Neutron,n

In the nucleus

Electron,e-

1
1840

-1

Orbiting in shells
outside the nucleus

2.2.4

Question 1

Number of proton
2.2.5

Question 1

Proton number + neutron number

2.2.6

Question

1. 35
2. 18
3. 4
2.2.7
9

Question 1

2.2.8
4

Question 1

Question 2
12, 13, 14
2.2.10 Question 1
9, 19 199X
Question 2
35, 80, 8035X
2.2.11 Question 1
Ar
Question 2
4, 9
Question 3

6,8
2.2.12 Question 1
2.8.7
Question 2
2.8.8.1