LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

GRADE 10 LEARNING COMPETENCIES

HEREDITY: INHERITANCE AND VARIATION

LC2. Explain how mutations may cause

changes in the structure and function of a
protein. (S10LT-III e38)
1. Mutations can be transmitted to the next
generation only if they are present in
A. brain cells
B. sex cells
C. body cells
D. muscle cells
2. Which of the following is NOT a cause of
mutations of DNA?
A. chemicals
B. x-rays
C. ultraviolet light
D. polyploidy
3. The addition, removal, or substitution of
nitrogenous bases in a DNA molecule may be
caused by
A. mutagenic agents
B. cloning
C. vegetative propagation
D. nondisjunction
4. Overexposure of animals to x-rays is dangerous
because x-rays are known to damage DNA. A
direct result of this damage is cells with
A. unusually thick cell walls
B. no organelles in the cytoplasm
C. abnormally large chloroplasts
D. changes in chromosome number or
structure
5. Downs syndrome is an example of which
chromosome condition?
A. inversion
B. disjunction
C. nondisjunction
D. deletion
6. A single gene mutation would most likely occur
if
A. messenger-RNA molecules temporarily
bond to DNA molecules
B. the cytoplasm lacks the amino acids
necessary to synthesize a certain
polypeptide
C. a base sequence in a DNA molecule
is changed
D. transfer-RNA molecules do not line up
properly on a messenger-RNA molecule
7. What will happen if a base sequence of a
strand of DNA is changed from ATG to
A
TC?
A. The m-RNA will be changed from
UAC to UAG.
B. The t-RNA will be changed from
UAC to TAC.
C. The m-RNA will be changed from
TUC to TUG.
D. The t-RNA will be changed from
CAU to CAC.

8. In humans, Down syndrome is often a result of

the
A. disjunction
of
homologous
chromosomes during meiotic cell
division
B. nondisjunction
of
chromosome
number 21 in one of the parents
C. combination of an egg and sperm, each
carrying a recessive allele for this
disorder
D. fusion of two 2n gametes during
fertilization
9. Identical twins were born with genes for a
genetic disorder that can be controlled by diet.
Both twins were placed on this diet, which
excludes a certain amino acid. However, one
twin chose not to follow the diet and developed
the genetic disorder. The other twin followed the
diet and did not develop the disorder. This
difference between the twins illustrates that
A. gene expression is not influenced by
biochemical factors
B. identical twins do not always have the
same genotype
C. gene expression is influenced by the
environment
D. the genetic disorder is inherited by
identical twins only
10. Sometimes a section of a chromosome is lost
during meiosis. This loss results in a change in
genetic material known as
A. a deletion
B. a replication
C. an inversion
D. a nondisjunction
11. Which disorder is characterized by fragile red
blood cells and severe pain from blocked blood
vessels?
A. Tay-Sachs
B. Phenylketonuria
C. Haemophilia
D. Sickle-cell anemia
12. A point mutation that changes a codon
specifying an amino acid into a stop codon is
called a
A. missense mutation
B. nonsense mutation
C. silent mutation
D. frameshift mutation
13. Point mutation involves
A. deletion
B. insertion
C. duplication
D. substitution
14. Gene mutation occurs at the time of
A. DNA repair
B. DNA replication
C. cell division
D. RNA transcription

15. The difference in amino acids indicated in the

circled portion of the diagram below causes a
change in the shape of red blood cells.

Portion of Normal Hemoglobin

Val

His

Leu

Thr

Pro

Glu

Glu

Thr

Val

Glu

Thr

Portion of Abnormal Hemoglobin

Val

His

Leu

Thr

Pro

Amino Acids
Glu = glutamic acid
His = histidine
Leu = leucine
Lys = lysine
Pro = proline
Thr = threonine
Val = valine

What is a probable cause of this difference in

the hemoglobin molecules?
A. a recessive allele located on the Xchromosome
B. the substitution of one kind of
nucleotide for another in a DNA
molecule
C. the failure of chromosome to separate
during cell division
D. an
abnormal
metabolism
of
phenylalanine
16. A karyotype is shown in the diagram below.

Information in this karyotype indicates that the

individual is a
A. male with sickle-cell anemia
B. female with Tay-Sachs disease
C. male with Down syndrome
D. female with phenylketonuria
17. A karyotype is shown in the diagram below.

Information in this karyotype indicates that the

individual has a condition known as
A. Turner syndrome
B. Williams syndrome
C. Klinefelter syndrome
D. Cri-du-chat syndrome
Base your answers to questions 18 through 19 on
the diagram below. The diagram shows a human
karyotype.

18. Which is correct about the person whom this

karyotype was taken?
A. The person has Downs syndrome.
B. The person has Turners syndrome.
C. The
person
has
Klinefelters
syndrome.
D. The person has a sex-linked condition.
19. Which of the following is true about this
condition?
A. One chromosome has been deleted.
B. One chromosome has been inverted.
C. This
arose
as
a
result
of
nondisjunction.
D. There has been a translocation.
20. What type of mutation describes the change of
the sequence:
Original DNA sequence: ATA CTT AGT GAA
Mutated DNA sequence: ATA CTT AGT CGT GAA
A. inversion
B. deletion
C. frameshift mutation with a deletion
D. frameshift with an insertion