PILE FOUNDATION DESIGN CALCULATIONS

REFERENCE

OUTPUT

CALCULATIONS
B

NODE-3

4153

X-Dir
NODE-1

Z-Dir

no
de
31
3

NODE-2

3597

PILE LAYOUT
F
A

P3

P2

Y2

Y1

P1

C
A

PILE CAP PLAN

FIGURE A1- PILE FOUNDATION LAYOUT

Table - A1: Reactions Summary (Tower Design Report pg 11)

PILE CAP SECTION

REFERENCE

OUTPUT

CALCULATIONS

PILE FOUNDATION DESIGN

For Serviceability and Ultimate load Conditions, check pile capacity,
Pile cap design and Tower leg connection design.
SOIL PARAMETERS
Geotechnical

See Geotechnical Investigation Report Ekulama FLB, Dec 2009

Report, Dec '09

1.0 PILE CAPACITY
Appendix,

500mm Dia CFA (Continous Flight Auger) concrete piles 23m penetration

Table 1.0

Safe Working Load (with Global Factor of Safety = 3.0), SWL =

463

Check 3No Piles of 23m length per cap

Pile dimensions:
Diameter

500

length = L

23

PILE CAP SIZING (See Figure A1 above)

BS 8004:1986

Pile spacing not less than pile perimeter = x0.5m = 1.57m

7.3.4.2

A=

2.50

B=

2.27

C (pile spacing) =

1.70

D=

0.40

E=

0.80

F=

0.80

H (pile cap thickness) =

1200.00

DESIGN DATA
Cover to main reinft c =

50

Diameter of main reinft, =

Density of concrete , c =

20

Density of water, w

10

Characteristic strength concrete, F cu =

25

Characteristic strength steel, Fy =

410

24

CONSIDER NODE -1 (IN COMPRESSION)

COMPRESSION CAPACITY
Table-A1

See Table A1above, for reaction loads

Axial Load, Fy =

Table-A1

Add self weight of pile cap = ((A*E)+(0.5(A+F)(B-E))*H*

Lateral Load, Fz =

574.00
127.55
38.00

Moment due to lateral load:

Take lever arm, La = (H-c-/2)

1140

Moment, M = Fz*La

43.32

REFERENCE

OUTPUT

CALCULATIONS

Total Loads
Axial, N =

701.55

Moment, M =

43.32

Compute Pile Loads

Pn = (P/n) +/- (M * y/y2)
where
Pn = Respective pile Load
n = number of piles

y = respective pile distance to centroid

Y1 =

0.98

Y2 =

0.49

Diameter of pile =

500

y = (y1) + (y2) + (y3) =

2

1.445

Substituting as follows:
Pn = (P/n) +/- (M * y/y2)
Maximum Pile Load = P1 =

263.30

or
Pile Safe Working Load (SWL), Pc =

204.40

Maximum Pile Load P1 (263.3KN) < Pc (463.0KN)

463
OK

TENSION(PULLOUT) CAPACITY
Check capacity of foundation to withstand pullout due to tension/overturning loads
Consider node at Maximum Tension Load
See Tower Design Report sec 7.2, pg 7
Tower Design
Report, pg 7

Check Node -1 ( IN TENSION)

(Max Tension equals Max Comp at load reversal), N T =
Add self weight of pile cap = ((A*E)+(0.5(A+F)(B-E))*H*

-574
127.55

Moment due to lateral load:

M=

43.32

Summation of Loads
Axial, N =

-446.4506

Moment, M =

43.32

Compute Pile Loads

Pn = (P/n) +/- (M * y/y2)
Y1 =

0.98

Y2 =

0.49

y2 = (y1)2 + (y2)2 + (y3)2 =

1.445

Substituting above and minding the signs

P1 =

-119.37

or

-178.27

P2 = P3

-134.12

or

-163.51

Note:
Net pullout load (Tension) for pile group
Pnet = 1no pile x 178.27 KN + 2No piles x 163.51 =

505.29

CALCULATIONS

REFERENCE

OUTPUT

Compute Pile Pullout (Tension) Capacity

M.J. Tomlinson
Sec. 7.7.2, 7.16

Ultimate Pullout capacity of piles = Skin Friction resistance mobilized

T u = Qs

DEP 34.11.00.12

Qs = clay As + sand As

III-3.2; APP. V

Qs = Cu As + 0.7.P'.K.3/4.tan As
where:
Tu = Ultimate pullout (Tension) capacity (KN)
Qs = Ultimate skin friction resistance (KN)
= unit skin friction capacity (kN/m2)
= adhesion factor
cu = cohesion
As = side surface area of pile (m2)
K = coefficient of lateral earth pressure
P' = effective overburden pressure
angle of internal friction
See Table 1.0 in the Appendix for computations

Appdix, Table 1.0 Total Ultimate Skin Friction Resistance per pile

1347.73

M.J. Tomlinson

Reduce value of resitance to uplift by 50%

673.87

Sec. 7.16

No of piles for each pile cap =

Ultimate Tension (Uplift) Capacity

Total capacity per pile cap = 3No x 673.87 =

2021.60

FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST UPLIFT

F.S. = Ultimate Tension Capacity/Max Tensile Force
For the pile cap
Ultimate Uplift (Tension) capacity =
Maximum Tensile Force = Net Pullout (tension) load Pnet =

2021.60
505.29

F.S. = 2021.6/505.29

4.00
OK

REFERENCE

OUTPUT

CALCULATIONS

2.0 PILE CAP DESIGN

F
A
Y-Dir

P3

P2

Y2

Y1

P1

C
A

PILE CAP PLAN

PILE CAP SECTION

FIGURE A3: PILE CAP/PILE LAYOUT

Section 3.11.4

For Ultimate Load Reactions

BS8110-1,1997

See Figure A3 and Table B1 above

Pile cap shall be designed using the beam theory
Take factor of Safety F. S.

Table B1

1.50

Check Node 1 with Maximum Compressive Force

Axial Load, Nult = N*F.S

574.00
191.32

Table B1

Add self weight of pile cap (factored) =

Total Axial Load, Ntot

Table-A1

Lateral Load, Fz =

38.00

Ultimate Lateral Load, Fult = Fz*F.S.

57.00

Moment due to lateral load:

Take lever arm, La = (H-c-/2)

1140

Moment, M = Fz*La

64.98

Compute Maximum Pile Load

861.00
1052.32

Pn = (P/n) +/- (M * y/y2)

where
Pn = Load per pile
n = number of piles

y = respective pile distance to centroid

Y1 =

0.98

Y2 =

0.49

y2 = (y1)2 + (y2)2 + (y3)2 =

1.445

Substituting as before:
Maximum Pile Load = P1 =

394.95

CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

REFERENCE

Take band width for pile cap, b = pile + 150

650

Maximum moment in pile cap as follows:

M = PL/4 per band
P = maximum pile load =

394.95

L = pile spacing =

1.70

M = 394.95x1.7/4 per band

167.85

Effective depth of pile cap (assuming 20mm Dia rods),

Section 3.4.4.4
BS8110-1,1997

d=
K = M / b*d2*Fcu =

1140
0.0079

z = 0.95d =
Area of steel required Asreq :

1083.00

As(per band) = M/0.95*Fy*z =

936.28

Table 3.25
BS 8110-1997

or 1440.427
Check Minimum Area of steel, 0.13%bh =

1560.00

Provide Y20 bars @ 175 Bottom

Area of steel provided, Asprov

1795.20

CHECK SHEAR
Critical section for shear check

av

av = 482 + hp/5

582

Maximum Shear force per Band V = P/2

197.47

BS 8110

Shear stress at critical section

Sec. 3.11.4.3,

v = V/bd

0.27

3.5.5.2

0.24

Table 3.8

100As/bd =
vc =

3.11.4.4

v(0.27N/mm2) < vc (0.4N/mm2)

OK

av/d =

0.51

BS 8110

2d/av

3.92

3.7.7.2

Enhanced shear = 2d/av * vc

1.57

v < 2d/av * vc

OK

0.40

No shear reinforcement is required

REFERENCE

OUTPUT

CALCULATIONS

PILE INTEGRITY
Pile dimensions
Diameter

500

Lenght L =

23

Cross sectional Area A =

Pile Ultimate Load, Nult = 0.4FcuA
Maximum compressive load on Pile, FC = Pcx(F.S =1.5)
Only nominal reinforcement is required
Take Minimum Area of steel = 0.4%Ac =
Assume Dia of rods =
Provide 8Y12 with Y8-150c/c Links
Area of steel provided Asprov

196349.5
1963
394.95
785.3982
12
904.78

TIE BEAMS
Height, h

1200

Width, b

450

Assuming Dia of rods

20

Effective depth of ground beams

d=

1140

Check tie beam for Maximum Axial force

At Node - 1
Maximum Lateral Force, See table B1 at ULS
Fult = Fz *F.S.

57.00

resolving in the direction of beam

F* = Fult/Cos 30

65.82

Bar area required A = F*/0.87Fy

139.67

Table 3.25

For Bending

BS 8110-1997

Check Minimum Area of steel required, 0.13%bh =

Provide 3Y20 bars Top & Bott with Y10-200c/c Links
Area of steel provided, Asprov

REFERENCE

30

702
942.48
OUTPUT

CALCULATIONS

3.0 TOWER BASE CONNECTION

Check base Plate and Bolts supplied by Tower manufacturers
considering maximum reaction loads

Tower Leg
Base Plate
Anchor Bolt

ELEVATION
FIGURE A4: BASE PLATE AND ANCHOR BOLTS DETAIL

BS 5950-1: 2000

DESIGN DATA

Table 9

Grade of Base plate

Design strength (thickness 40mm) Py =

S275

Bearing capacity of plate, Pbs

460

Grade of Bolt =
Shear strength of Bolts, Ps

8.8
375

Tension Strength of Bolt, Pt

560

Characteristic strength concrete, F cu =

25

Characteristic strength steel, Fy =

410

Table 32
Table 30
Table 34

275

CASE 1: COMPRESSION LOADING

BASE PLATE DESIGN
Table -A1

BS5950-1:2000

At node 1, maximum reaction forces as in section 1.0 above:

Axial compression, N =
Lateral Force, Fz =

574

At ULS with Factor of Safety, F.S. =

Nult = N*F.S

1.50
861.0

Fz(ult) =

57.0

38

Bearing Pressures
Check Base Plate dimensions: 500mm x 500mm
L=

500

B=

500

BS5950-1:2000

Bearing pressures
w = Nult/LB =

3.44

Cls 4.13.1

Bearing Strength of concrete, fp = 0.6 x fcu =

15.00

w (actual) < fp (allowable)

REFERENCE

OK
OUTPUT

CALCULATIONS

Plate Thickness
For tower leg section, 150x150x15 Angle
Thickness of tower leg, T =

15

Nominal gusset plates shall be provided for fixing.

FIGURE A5: BASE PLATE PLAN

BS5950-1:2000
Cls 4.13.2

Using the effective area method,

Area of plate required Areq= Nult/fp = 861x1000/0.6xfcu

57400

Compute actual bearing area as a function of outstand, c

Refer to figure A5 above,
(2c+15)(150-15) + (2c+15)(2c+150) = 57400
4c2 + 600c - 53125 = 0
BS5950-1:2000

solving the equation gives c = 62.5

62.5

Cls 4.13.2.2

Plate thickness
tp = c(3w/py)^0.5 (where w = fp)

25.28

25mm thick base plate provided, OK considering that

safety factors have been allowed for materials and loads
BOLTS

Shear capacity
Cls 6.3.2

Check 30mm Dia anchor bolts, =

Shear force to be resisted Fs =

BS5950-1:2000

Shear capacity of bolts, P = PsAs

Bolt Data

Ps = shear strength per bolt

375

Steel Manual

As = tensile stress area

561

Check 8 number of Bolts, n =

Total capacity = nP

30
57

8
1683

CASE 2: TENSION LOADING

Consider tension load on base due to load reversal
As before, Maximum Tension = Maximum Compression
Ft =

861.0

Table 34

Tension carried by each bolt approx, Ft/8

107.6

BS5950-1:2000
Bolt Data

Tension capacity of bolts

Pt = 0.8ptAt

251.33

Steel Manual

At, tensile stress area =

Total Capacity, nPt =

561
2010.624

Shear
Shear force to be resisted
Total Shear capacity of bolts, P = P sAs
6.3.4.4

Check combined shear and Tension

BS5950-1:2000

Combined shear and tension

Fs/Ps + Ft/Pt 1.4
8-No, 30mm Dia Bolts provided OK

57
1683

0.46

TABLE 1.0: PILE BEARING CAPACITY

Pile Diameter = 406mm
Qu = Q b + Q s
Qb = qAb
Qf = fAs
For cohesive soils, f = cu and q = Nccu
For cohesionless soils, f = KPTan and q = NqP
q = unit end bearing, Ab = base area
f = unit skin friction, As = surface area
Qb =

End Bearing Capacity

Qs =

Skin Friction Capacity

QU =

Ultimate Pile Capacity

Qa =

Allowable Pile Capacity (SWL)

' = w
Depth
(m)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

'
(KN/m3)
14.8
5.39
5.39
5.39
5.39
5.39
5.39
5.39
5.39
7.09
7.09
7.09
7.09
5.99
5.99
5.99
5.99
5.99
5.99
5.99
5.99
5.99
5.99
9.12
9.12
9.12

END BEARING
Po

7.09
14.18
21.27
28.36

9.12
18.24
27.36

Nq

10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7

23.2
23.2
23.2

cb (KN/m2)
0
32.83
32.83
32.83
32.83
32.83
32.83
32.83
32.83
2.84
2.84
2.84
2.84
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16

Nc

qb (KN/m2)
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9

0
295.47
295.47
295.47
295.47
295.47
295.47
295.47
295.47
75.86
151.73
227.59
303.45
415.44
415.44
415.44
415.44
415.44
415.44
415.44
415.44
415.44
415.44
211.58
423.17
634.75

Ab

Qb

0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196

0.00
58.02
58.02
58.02
58.02
58.02
58.02
58.02
58.02
14.90
29.79
44.69
59.58
81.57
81.57
81.57
81.57
81.57
81.57
81.57
81.57
81.57
81.57
41.54
83.09
124.63

Depth
(m)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

NOTE: All parameters as per Ge

Legend:
Clayey layer

Sandy layer

SKIN FRICTION
Po

63.81
70.9
77.99
85.08

209.76
218.88
228

cu
0
32.83
32.83
32.83
32.83
32.83
32.83
32.83
32.83
2.84
2.84
2.84
2.84
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16

Ks

tan

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37

0.75
0.75
0.75

0.45
0.45
0.45

fs

As (m2)

0
32.83
32.83
32.83
32.83
32.83
32.83
32.83
32.83
11.80
13.12
14.43
15.74
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16
46.16
70.79
73.87
76.95

OTE: All parameters as per Geotechnical Investigation Report

Clayey layer

0.000
1.571
3.142
4.712
6.283
7.854
9.425
10.996
12.566
1.571
3.142
4.712
6.283
1.571
3.142
4.712
6.283
7.854
9.425
10.996
12.566
14.137
15.708
1.571
3.142
4.712

Qs
0.00
51.57
103.14
154.71
206.28
257.85
309.41
360.98
412.55
431.10
453.76
480.54
511.45
583.96
656.46
728.97
801.48
873.99
946.49
1019.00
1091.51
1164.02
1236.52
1347.73
1468.60
1599.14

Qu = Q b + Q s
0.00
109.58
161.15
212.72
264.29
315.86
367.43
419.00
470.57
445.99
483.55
525.23
571.03
665.53
738.03
810.54
883.05
955.56
1028.07
1100.57
1173.08
1245.59
1318.10
1389.27
1551.69
1723.77

Qa = Qu/3
0.00
36.53
53.72
70.91
88.10
105.29
122.48
139.67
156.86
148.66
161.18
175.08
190.34
221.84
246.01
270.18
294.35
318.52
342.69
366.86
391.03
415.20
439.37
463.09
517.23
574.59

Sandy layer

TABLE 1.0: PILE BEARING CAPACITY

Pile Diameter = 406mm
Qu = Q b + Q s
Qb = qAb
Qf = fAs
For cohesive soils, f = cu and q = Nccu
For cohesionless soils, f = KPTan and q = NqP
q = unit end bearing, Ab = base area
f = unit skin friction, As = surface area
Qb =

End Bearing Capacity

Qs =

Skin Friction Capacity

QU =

Ultimate Pile Capacity

Qa =

Allowable Pile Capacity (SWL)

' = w
Depth
(m)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
23
24
25

'
(KN/m3)
8.59
8.59
8.59
8.59
8.59
8.59
8.59
6.49
6.49
6.49
6.49
6.49
6.49
6.49
6.49
6.49
6.49
8.59
8.59
8.59

END BEARING
Po

8.59
17.18
25.77
34.36
42.95
51.54

8.59
17.18
25.77

Nq

18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5

23.2
23.2
23.2

cb (KN/m2)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46

SKIN FRICTION

Nc

qb (KN/m2)

9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9

0
158.92
317.83
476.75
635.66
794.58
953.49
414
414
414
414
414
414
414
414
414
414
199.29
398.58
597.86

Ab

Qb

0.130
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.196
0.196
0.196

0
20.66
41.32
61.98
82.64
103.29
123.95
53.82
53.82
53.82
53.82
53.82
53.82
53.82
53.82
53.82
53.82
39.13
78.26
117.39

Depth
(m)

Po

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
23
24
25

8.59
17.18
25.77
34.36
42.95
51.54
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
197.57
206.16
214.75

cu
0
2.84
2.84
2.84
2.84
2.84
2.84
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46

Ks

tan

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37

0.75
0.75
0.75

0.45
0.45
0.45

fs

As (m2)

0
1.59
3.18
4.77
6.36
7.95
9.53
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
66.68
69.58
72.48

NOTE: All parameters as per Geotechnical Investigation Report

Legend:
Clayey layer
Sandy layer

0
1.276
2.552
3.828
5.104
6.380
7.656
1.276
2.552
3.828
5.104
6.380
7.656
8.932
10.208
11.484
12.760
1.571
3.142
4.712

Qs
0.00
2.03
10.14
28.39
60.83
111.53
184.53
243.22
301.92
360.61
419.31
478.01
536.70
595.40
654.09
712.79
771.49
876.23
1094.81
1436.36

Qu = Q b + Q s
0.00
22.69
51.46
90.37
143.47
214.82
308.48
297.04
355.74
414.43
473.13
531.83
590.52
649.22
707.91
766.61
825.31
915.36
1173.07
1553.75

Qa = Qu/3
0.00
7.56
17.15
30.12
47.82
71.61
102.83
99.01
118.58
138.14
157.71
177.28
196.84
216.41
235.97
255.54
275.10
305.12
391.02
517.92