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Mrs. Laux
Take Home Test #11 on Chaps. 14, 15, & 17
AP Biology
DUE: MONDAY, JANUARY 9, 2012
operons.
the specificity of products in different tissues.
economizing resources at all levels.
rapid turnover of RNA molecules.
All of these.
promoter sequences.
activator proteins.
repressor proteins.
protein degradation.
operons.
4. Genes that encode proteins that are always needed are called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
repressible genes.
promoter genes.
constitutive genes.
inducible genes.
operons.
5. The researchers who first discovered the mechanism of control of a bacterial gene were:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
7. How does the lactose repressor block transcription of the lactose operon?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
by
by
by
by
by
14 - 1
Name________________________________________________________________Period________
Mrs. Laux
Take Home Test #11 on Chaps. 14, 15, & 17
AP Biology
DUE: MONDAY, JANUARY 9, 2012
8. The gene that codes for the repressor protein of the E. coli lactose operon is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the operon.
controller.
the operator.
repressor.
inducer.
binding to the allosteric site of the repressor after being converted to allolactose.
stimulating lactose metabolism in the cell.
binding to the glucose operon, making it inoperable.
binding to the allosteric site of RNA polymerase.
inhibiting the activity of CAP.
CAP.
AMP.
allolactose.
glucose.
galactose.
14 - 2
Name________________________________________________________________Period________
Mrs. Laux
Take Home Test #11 on Chaps. 14, 15, & 17
AP Biology
DUE: MONDAY, JANUARY 9, 2012
15. Bacterial enzymes that are part of a rarely used catabolic pathway are usually
organized into a(n) ________________.
A.
B.
inducible operon
repressible operon
17. In the tryptophan operon, the repressor actively binds to the operator when:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
18. An activator protein would have which of the following effects on an operon with a
positive control mechanism?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
stimulate transcription
turn off transcription
stimulate transcription when a coactivator is bound to the allosteric site
inhibit transcription when a coactivator is bound to the allosteric site
no response
the
the
the
the
the
20. A repressor protein would have which of the following effects on repressible genes with
a negative control mechanism?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
21. A new operon is discovered in a bacterium. The control of this operon is affected by a
protein that is made by another gene, and is made in an active form that binds to the
DNA near the operon to prevent transcription. This is an example of ________________
control.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
positive
negative
activational
repressing
inducing
14 - 3
Name________________________________________________________________Period________
Mrs. Laux
Take Home Test #11 on Chaps. 14, 15, & 17
AP Biology
DUE: MONDAY, JANUARY 9, 2012
22. Bacterial gene regulation occurs mainly at the _________________ level.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
2325.
translational
transcriptional
posttranscriptional
feedback inhibition
posttranslational
Use the figure to answer the corresponding questions.
promoter.
repressor gene.
ribosome.
RNA polymerase.
None of these.
24. The structure labeled 7 in the figure of the tryptophan operon is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
6
3
1
2
7
14 - 4
Name________________________________________________________________Period________
Mrs. Laux
Take Home Test #11 on Chaps. 14, 15, & 17
AP Biology
DUE: MONDAY, JANUARY 9, 2012
26. Feedback inhibition is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
transcriptional control.
transcriptional control.
a mechanism affecting events after translation.
a repressible system.
None of these.
27. Feedback inhibition of the first enzyme of a pathway by the end product of the pathway
is an example of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
translational control.
posttranslational control.
transcriptional control.
inhibiting control.
repression.
28. Densely staining regions of highly compacted chromatin that are generally not
transcribed are:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
heterochromatin.
homochromatin.
histone-dependent chromatin.
primary chromatin.
None of these.
inhibited.
duplicated
actively being transcribed.
repressed.
unregulated.
31. DNA sequences that are methylated by a cell are usually genes that:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
14 - 5
Name________________________________________________________________Period________
Mrs. Laux
Take Home Test #11 on Chaps. 14, 15, & 17
AP Biology
DUE: MONDAY, JANUARY 9, 2012
33. A TATA box is seen in ______________ cells and is the site where _______________________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
regulating a gene even if they are cut out of the DNA and reinserted inverted
regulating a gene from very long distances
interacting with proteins that regulate transcription
increasing the rate of RNA synthesis after initiation
All of these
36. DNA sequences called ____________ increase the rate of RNA synthesis after initiation of
transcription.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
promoters
TATA boxes
UPEs
enhancers
regulators
39. A cell may meet the need for large quantities of a specific protein by:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
14 - 6
Name________________________________________________________________Period________
Mrs. Laux
Take Home Test #11 on Chaps. 14, 15, & 17
AP Biology
DUE: MONDAY, JANUARY 9, 2012
40, 41.
the
the
the
the
the
enhancer.
TATA box.
Pribnow box.
transcription initiation site.
transcription termination site.
42. Which of the following types of processing does eukaryotic mRNA undergo before it
becomes functional?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
splicing
capping
polyadenylation
removal of introns
All of these.
43. In eukaryotes, some DNA sequences act as introns in some cells and as exons in other
cells. This is an example of ______________________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
gene repression
mRNA splicing
gene amplification
differential mRNA processing
gene processing
44. Increasing the stability of a particular mRNA _________________ the expression of that
gene.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
increases
does not affect
eliminates
decreases
None of these.
45. Enzymes that alter another protein or enzymes activity by attaching a phosphate group
are called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
kinases.
phosphatases.
phospators.
transcription factors.
coenzymes.
14 - 7
bioengineering.
in vitro gene technology.
biotechnology.
recombinant DNA technology.
genetic engineering.
47. The modification of the DNA of an organism to produce new genes with new traits is
most properly called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
bioengineering.
in vitro gene technology.
biotechnology.
recombinant DNA technology.
genetic engineering.
bioengineering.
in vitro gene technology.
biotechnology.
recombinant DNA technology.
genetic engineering.
vector
reverse transcriptase
transport molecule
genetic probe
PCR device
51. A large number of copies of any DNA segment can be obtained by:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Restriction
Restriction
Restriction
Restriction
Restriction
enzymes
enzymes
enzymes
enzymes
enzymes
15 - 8
AGCGCT
AGCAGC
AAAGGG
ACACAC
AGTCGT
57. DNA ligase links two ____________ DNA fragments by ____________ bonds.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
complementary; hydrogen
circular; covalent
palindromic; covalent
linear; covalent
linear; hydrogen
genome.
cDNA.
library.
chromosomal DNA.
None of these.
15 - 9
61. In producing a genomic library, human DNA and plasmid DNA must first be treated
with:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
62. During the preparation of a human genomic library, plasmids containing human DNA
fragments are inserted into:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
15 - 10
64. What process or enzyme was used for Step 1 in the accompanying figure?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
PCR
a bacteriophage
a reverse transcriptase
a DNA ligase
a restriction enzyme
66. To avoid the introduction of introns into the vector, a ________ copy of mature mRNA is
made, using the enzyme _____________________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
sDNA;
cDNA;
cDNA;
sDNA;
cDNA;
RNA polymerase
DNA ligase
reverse transcriptase
reverse transcriptase
DNA polymerase
15 - 11
Reverse transcriptase
Reverse transcriptase
molecule.
Reverse transcriptase
molecule.
Reverse transcriptase
Reverse transcriptase
69. In polymerase chain reaction technology, the two strands of DNA are separated by:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
7072.
gel electrophoresis.
treating them with restriction enzymes.
centrifugation.
exposing them to high pH.
heating them.
Use the figure to answer the corresponding questions.
exons.
introns.
mRNA.
cDNA.
DNA polymerase.
PCR.
transcription.
reverse transcription.
RNA processing.
None of these.
15 - 12
72. The most significant difference between the original DNA molecule and the final
product, labeled 12, is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
73. ____________ is a technique that can be used to separate DNA molecules on the basis of
their size.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Separation gradient
Electrophoresis
Selective sorting
Cloning
PCR
74. PCR:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
DNA sequencing.
DNA electrophoresis.
DNA tandem repeats.
polymorphism.
DNA profiling.
77. If a protein-coding gene is identified, its function can be studied by using RNA
interference to ______________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
produce a RFLP
produce an EST
turn the gene on
turn the gene off
induce a mutation
79. Why is insulin produced by genetically engineered E. coli cells superior to insulin
obtained from animal sources?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Animal insulin has a shorter life span than insulin produced using recombinant
DNA techniques.
It contains human rather than animal sequences, reducing the chances of an
allergic response.
Animal insulin is more difficult to purify than is recombinantly produced insulin.
Recombinantly produced insulin has a much higher activity level.
Recombinantly produced insulin is easier to obtain than insulin from animals.
80. Why is human blood clotting factor VIII produced by genetically engineered bacteria
better to treat hemophilia type A than the clotting factor isolated from human or animal
blood?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
81, 82.
Recombinantly produced clotting factor has a longer shelf life than natural
clotting factor.
Clotting factor isolated from blood can transmit infectious agents.
Clotting factor isolated from human blood can cause transfusion reactions.
Recombinantly produced clotting factor is free of blood thinning factors.
Natural clotting factor from blood is not very active.
Use the figure to answer the corresponding questions.
by
by
by
by
82. The columns in the accompanying figure represent F (for female), C (for children), and
M (for male). The presence of the band marked with arrow #2, shows that:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
15 - 14
recombinant organism.
transgene.
polymorphism
transgenic organism.
recombinant.
85. In the field of plant transgenics, the use of the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens
has proven useful because:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
86. Why is it unlikely that genetically engineered strains of bacteria would pose a threat to
the environment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Genetically engineered
Genetically engineered
release unlikely.
Genetically engineered
Genetically engineered
Genetically engineered
survive.
87. Cells become progressively committed to specific patterns of gene activity and
developmental fate through a process known as:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
morphogenesis.
determination.
cell differentiation.
nonspecific differentiation.
growth.
88. Cells becoming progressively more specialized in their structure and gene activity is
known as:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
morphogenesis.
determination.
differentiation.
maturation.
growth.
17 - 15
morphogenesis.
determination.
cell differentiation.
nonspecific differentiation.
growth.
all of the somatic cells in an adult organism have the same genes.
the genes of the individuals of the same species are exactly the same.
as cells mature, unneeded genes are lost.
the nuclei of all organisms are the same.
nuclei of individuals of the same species are the same size.
the ability of some cells to arrest their development under different environmental
conditions.
the progressive fixation of the fates of a cells descendants.
the differences in the types of genes found in various somatic cells.
regulation during development that varies the type and quantity of gene products
among cells.
the ability of some cells to constitutively express all their genes all the time.
93. One of the main obstacles to successful cloning of sheep apparently overcome by
Wilmut et al. was:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
94, 95.
94. In the accompanying figure, the purpose of growing the donor cells in nutrient-limited
media is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
to
to
to
to
to
17 - 16
95. In the figure, the purpose of electrical shock at the stage of the process labeled A is to:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
impossible.
easy and straightforward.
not technically feasible at the present time.
a technique that produces many similar-looking, deformed progeny.
a process with a low success rate and a high incidence of genetic defects.
was stillborn.
developed arthritis and a virus-induced lung cancer at a relatively young age.
lived a short period of time before suffering advanced aging effects.
lived to a normal age for sheep.
lived longer than normal sheep.
98. Undifferentiated cells that can divide and specialize to form a variety of different cells
are called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
differential cells.
mother cells.
determinate cells.
stem cells.
morphogens.
99. Cells able to divide and form some types of cells in an organism are called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
100.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
101.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
102.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
103.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
104.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
bone marrow.
umbilical cords.
cancer patients.
zygotes.
All of these.
The only known source of embryonic stem cells is:
placental tissue.
umbilical cords.
early human embryos.
brain tissue.
nerve tissue.
RNA interference is used to:
interfere with specific transcription factors.
knock out the expression of a specific gene.
prevent the duplication of DNA.
cause a mutation in a specific gene.
stimulate apoptosis.
Imaginal discs are:
found in mammalian cells and control gene activation in mature somatic cells.
paired groups of undifferentiated cells that are precursors of adult structures in
Drosophila.
found in plant cells and assist in the development of the flower.
part of the salivary gland of Drosophila.
found in Drosophila ovary cells and represent inactivated X chromosomes.
The role of maternal effect genes in Drosophila is to:
code for the production of yolk proteins.
prepare the female fly for reproduction.
control the early stages of Drosophila development.
control the development of the pupa.
control the shape and size of the eggs produced.
105.
Maternal effect genes of Drosophila are genes active in ____________
cells, whose products establish ____________ in developing embryos.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
maternal; gender
maternal; polarity
embryonic; polarity
embryonic; gender
egg; gender
106.
The first Drosophila segmentation genes to act are the ____________,
which begin organization of the body into regions.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
pair-rule genes
segment polarity genes
gap genes
homeotic genes
maternal effect genes
17 - 18
107.
107.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The mutation labeled 1 to the far right in the accompanying figure is:
legs developing where antenna should be.
appendages of the eyes.
enlarged antennae.
newly formed structures to remove pollen or dust from the eyes.
a revision of the fly body so that legs and antenna have switched places.
108.
In the process known as ______________, the fate of a cell is influenced
by interactions with neighboring cells.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
determination
induction
inducement
differentiation
pleiotropy
109.
Instances in which cells die shortly after they are produced in
development is called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
morphogenesis.
type C determination.
apoptosis.
non-specific differentiation.
caspases.
110.
humans.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
10%.
25%
50%
90%
99%
17 - 19
Heterozygotes
Chimeras
Recombinants
Transgenics
Polyploids
112.
When the human gene coding for insulin is introduced into a mouse
embryo, the gene is correctly expressed in the appropriate tissue. This shows that:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
113.
FALSE?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
114.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
115.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
116.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
They
They
They
They
They
metastasis.
abnormal cell growth.
forming cell masses
specific mutations.
All of these.
Proto-oncogenes can be converted to oncogenes by:
mutation.
tumor suppressor genes.
growth factors.
transcription factors.
infection by certain viruses.
Genes that normally block cell division are called:
growth factor genes.
oncogenes.
tumor suppressor genes.
proto-oncogenes.
growth inhibiting genes.
17 - 20