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Certificado en Fundamentos de ITIL

en Gestin del Servicio de TI


Curso de Entrenamiento
Legal Notice
ITIL is a registered trade mark of AXELOS Limited
The Swirl logo is a trade mark of AXELOS Limited
The ITIL Accredited Training Organization logo is a trade mark of AXELOS Limited
This training material is composed of two types of content:
1) Content created by Global Lynx. Where applicable, this content is identified by the framed caption
Slide content from GL in the lower left corner of each slide and by the framed caption Notes
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2) Content which has been either excerpted from or based on one or more of the following AXELOS
ITIL publications: Service Strategy (ISBN 9780113313044), Service Design (ISBN 9780113313051),
Service Transition (ISBN 9780113313068), Service Operation (ISBN 9780113313075), Continual
Service Improvement (ISBN 9780113313082). Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011. Reproduced under
licence from AXELOS. Where applicable, this content is identified by the framed caption Slide
content from AXELOS in the lower left corner of each slide and by the framed caption Notes
content from AXELOS in the lower left corner of each slides notes section.

Objetivo General del Curso

Incrementar su conocimiento y
entendimiento de una filosofa
enfocada al servicio.

Incrementar su entusiasmo,
dedicacin y confianza en aplicar
nuevas mejores prcticas en la
Gestin del Servicio de TI para
mejorar su trabajo diario.
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10

Consideraciones de la Clase

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Agenda de clases
Puntualidad
Preguntas
Compartir experiencias
Descansos

Comida
Ubicacin de sanitarios
Uso de telfono celular

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12

Presentacin y Expectativas del Participante

Por favor, platquenos de usted y de


sus expectativas para este curso

Nombre y organizacin
Rol dentro de su organizacin
Experiencia en procesos de TI
Expectativas para ste curso

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14

Objetivo Especfico del Curso

Certificar que el candidato ha


obtenido conocimientos de la
terminologa, estructura y
conceptos bsicos y ha
comprendido los principios
esenciales de las prcticas de
ITIL para la Gestin del Servicio.

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16

Audiencia
Individuos que requieran un entendimiento
bsico del marco de ITIL.

Profesionales de TI que estn trabajando


dentro de una organizacin que haya adoptado
y adaptado ITIL.

Individuos que busquen la Certificacin de ITIL


Expert en Gestin del Servicio de TI, para la
cual esta certificacin es un prerrequisito.

Individuos que busquen avanzar hacia la


Certificacin de ITIL Master, para la cual el ITIL
Expert es un prerrequisito.

Esto puede incluir:


Profesionales de TI
Gerentes de negocio
Dueos de procesos de negocio
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18

Consejos para el Estudio

Preprese para el examen desde


el primer da del curso

Use un sistema efectivo para tomar


notas

Dedique tiempo para estudiar


Practique realizar el examen,
midiendo el tiempo

Reljese la noche anterior al


examen
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20

Agenda de Clases

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Da

Segmento

Introduccin al curso
1: Mejores Prcticas de la Industria
Descanso
Ejercicios para la unidad 1
2: La Gestin del Servicio como una Prctica
Comida
Ejercicios para la unidad 2
3: Estrategia del Servicio
Descanso
Ejercicios para la unidad 3
4: Diseo del Servicio (parte 1)

Hora
Inicio
9:00
10:00
11:00
11:15
11:45
13:45
14:45
15:15
17:15
17:30
18:00

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Hora
Fin
10:00
11:00
11:15
11:45
13:45
14:45
15:15
17:15
17:30
18:00
19:00

Dur.
(min.)
60
60
15
30
120
60
30
120
15
30
60

22

Agenda de Clases
Da

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content
From
from GL
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Segmento
4: Diseo del Servicio (parte 2)
Descanso
Ejercicios para la unidad 4
5: Transicin del Servicio (parte 1)
Comida
5: Transicin del Servicio (parte 2)
Ejercicios para la unidad 5
Descanso
6: Operacin del Servicio (parte 1)

Hora
Inicio
9:00
11:15
11:30
12:00
13:45
14:45
16:15
16:45
17:00

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Hora
Fin
11:15
11:30
12:00
13:45
14:45
16:15
16:45
17:00
19:00

Dur.
(min.)
135
15
30
105
60
90
30
15
120

24

Agenda de Clases
Da

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content
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Segmento
6: Operacin del Servicio (parte 2)
Ejercicios para la unidad 6
Descanso
7: Mejora Continua del Servicio
Ejercicios para la unidad 7
8: Competencia y Capacitacin
9: Descripcin del Examen
Comida
10.1: Repaso General
10.2: Examen de Preparacin
Descanso
10.3: Revisin del Examen de Preparacin
10.4: Evaluacin del Curso
10.5: Constancia del Curso
10.6: Examen de Certificacin

Hora
Inicio
9:00
10:30
11:00
11:15
12:15
12:45
13:00
13:15
14:15
15:15
16:15
16:30
17:30
17:45
18:00

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Hora
Fin
10:30
11:00
11:15
12:15
12:45
13:00
13:15
14:15
15:15
16:15
16:30
17:30
17:45
18:00
19:00

Dur.
(min.)
90
30
15
60
30
15
15
60
60
60
15
60
15
15
60

26

Literatura de Referencia
Literatura del Curso
Los cinco libros centrales de ITIL de AXELOS publicados por TSO
(The Stationery Office):
Service Strategy
Service Design
Service Transition
Service Operation
Continual Service Improvement
ITIL glossary of terms
AXELOS
2011
ITIL Foundations course syllabus
AXELOS
2013

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28

Literatura de Referencia
Literatura Complementaria
ISO/IEC 20000 - A Pocket Guide
Publicado por Van Haren Publishing
2006
ISO 9001:2000 - The Quality Management Process
Publicado por Van Haren Publishing
2006
IT Governance based on COBIT 4.1
Publicado por Van Haren Publishing
2007
MOF - Microsoft Operations Framework - A Pocket Guide
Publicado por Van Haren Publishing
2005
IT Service CMM - A Pocket Guide
Publicado por Van Haren Publishing
2004

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30

Contenido de Unidades
1 Mejores Prcticas de la Industria
1.1 Las Mejores Prcticas en el Dominio Pblico
1.2 Conceptos Bsicos y Antecedentes de ITIL
1.3 Normas de la Industria
1.4 Marcos de Referencia
1.5 Modelos y Sistemas de Calidad
1.6 Normas y Marcos de Referencia de las Compaas

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32

Contenido de Unidades
2 La Gestin del Servicio como una Prctica
2.1 Servicio
2.2 Clientes Internos y Externos
2.3 Servicios Internos y Externos
2.4 Gestin del Servicio
2.5 Gestin del Servicio de TI
2.6 Stakeholders en la Gestin del Servicio
2.7 Procesos y Funciones
2.8 El Modelo de Procesos y las Caractersticas de los Procesos
2.9 Integracin de los Procesos de Gestin del Servicio a travs de la Automatizacin del Servicio
2.10 Estructura del Ciclo de Vida del Servicio de ITIL
2.11 Porqu ITIL Tiene xito
2.12 Roles de ITIL
2.13 El Modelo RACI

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34

Contenido de Unidades
3 Estrategia del Servicio
3.1 Propsito, Objetivos y Alcance
3.2 Valor para el Negocio
3.3 Principios y Conceptos Bsicos
3.3.1 Creacin de Valor a travs de los Servicios
3.4 Procesos
3.4.1 Gestin del Portafolio de Servicios
3.4.2 Gestin de la Demanda
3.4.3 Gestin Financiera para los Servicios de TI
3.4.4 Gestin de la Relacin con el Negocio

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36

Contenido de Unidades
4 Diseo del Servicio
4.1 Propsito, Objetivos y Alcance
4.2 Valor para el Negocio
4.3 Principios y Conceptos Bsicos
4.3.1 Personas, Procesos, Productos y Proveedores para la Gestin del Servicio
4.3.2 Cinco Aspectos Principales del Diseo del Servicio
4.3.3 Paquete de Diseo del Servicio
4.4 Procesos
4.4.1 Gestin del Nivel de Servicio (SLM)
4.4.2 Gestin del Catlogo de Servicios
4.4.3 Gestin de la Disponibilidad
4.4.4 Gestin de la Seguridad de la Informacin (ISM)
4.4.5 Gestin de Proveedores
4.4.6 Gestin de la Capacidad
4.4.7 Gestin de la Continuidad del Servicio de TI
4.4.8 Coordinacin del Diseo

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38

Contenido de Unidades
5 Transicin del Servicio
5.1 Propsito, Objetivos y Alcance
5.2 Valor para el Negocio
5.3 Principios y Conceptos Bsicos
5.3.1 Activos, Recursos y Capacidades
5.4 Procesos
5.4.1 Gestin de la Configuracin y Activos del Servicio (SACM)
5.4.2 Gestin de Cambios
5.4.3 Gestin de Liberaciones y Despliegues
5.4.4 Gestin del Conocimiento
5.4.5 Planeacin y Soporte de la Transicin

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40

Contenido de Unidades
6 Operacin del Servicio
6.1 Propsito, Objetivos y Alcance
6.2 Valor para el Negocio
6.3 Principios y Conceptos Bsicos
6.3.1 El Rol de la Comunicacin
6.4 Procesos
6.4.1 Gestin de Incidentes
6.4.2 Gestin de Problemas
6.4.3 Gestin de Eventos
6.4.4 Cumplimiento de Solicitudes
6.4.5 Gestin de Acceso
6.5 Funciones
6.5.1 El Service Desk
6.5.2 La Gestin Tcnica
6.5.3 La Gestin de Aplicaciones
6.5.4 La Gestin de Operaciones de TI

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42

Contenido de Unidades
7 Mejora Continua del Servicio
7.1 Propsito, Objetivos y Alcance
7.2 Valor para el Negocio
7.3 Principios y Conceptos Bsicos
7.3.1 El Enfoque de Mejora Continua del Servicio
7.3.2 El Ciclo de Deming (Planear, Hacer, Verificar, Actuar)
7.3.3 Medicin de la Mejora Continua del Servicio
7.3.4 Registro de la CSI
7.4 Procesos
7.4.1 El Proceso de Mejora de Siete Pasos

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44

Contenido de Unidades
8 Competencia y Capacitacin
8.1 Competencia y Habilidades para la Gestin del Servicio
8.2 Capacitacin en ITIL
8.3 Informacin de Contacto de PeopleCert

9 Descripcin del Examen


9.1 Formato del Examen
9.2 Consejos para Contestar el Examen

10 Revisin, Evaluacin y Examen


10.1 Repaso General
10.2 Examen de Preparacin
10.3 Revisin del Examen de Preparacin
10.4 Evaluacin del Curso
10.5 Constancia del Curso
10.6 Examen de Certificacin
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46

Prembulo: Procesos y Funciones de ITIL


Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011 Reproduced under licence from AXELOS

Leyenda:

Qu es ITIL?
Un conjunto de
mejores prcticas
para la Gestin del
Servicio de TI.

P = Proceso

Gestin de Eventos

F = Funcin

Gestin de Incidentes

Coordinacin del Diseo

Gestin del Catlogo de


Servicios

Planeacin y Soporte de
la Transicin

Cumplimiento de
Solicitudes

Gestin del Nivel de


Servicio

Gestin de Cambios

Gestin de Problemas

Gestin de Acceso

Gestin de la Estrategia
para los Servicios de TI

Gestin de la
Disponibilidad

Gestin de la Configuracin
P
y Activos del Servicio

Gestin del Portafolio de


Servicios

Gestin de la Capacidad

Gestin de Liberaciones
y Despliegues

Service Desk

Gestin Financiera para


los Servicios de TI

Gestin de la Continuidad
del Servicio de TI

Validacin y Pruebas del


Servicio

Gestin Tcnica

Gestin de la Demanda

Gestin de la Seguridad
de la Informacin

Evaluacin de Cambios

Gestin de Operaciones
de TI

Gestin de la Relacin
con el Negocio

Gestin de Proveedores

Gestin del Conocimiento

Gestin de Aplicaciones

Estrategia del
Servicio

Diseo del
Servicio

Transicin del
Servicio

Operacin del
Servicio

Mejora Continua del Servicio (CSI)


El Proceso de Mejora de Siete Pasos
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P
48

1
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From
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Mejores Prcticas de la Industria

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50

1.1 Las Mejores Prcticas en el Dominio Pblico


Mejores
Prcticas de la
Industria
Mejores
prcticas

Las mejores prcticas les permiten a las organizaciones:


Cerrar las brechas en las capacidades

Volverse ms competitivas
Fuentes de mejores prcticas:
Marcos de referencia pblicos
Normas
Conocimiento patentado

ITIL es la fuente ms ampliamente reconocida y confiable


de orientacin en mejores prcticas en el rea de ITSM.

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52

1.1 Las Mejores Prcticas en el Dominio Pblico


Mejores
Prcticas de la
Industria
Mejores
prcticas

Ventajas de los marcos de referencia y normas pblicos sobre el


conocimiento patentado son:

El conocimiento patentado:
Est profundamente incrustado en las organizaciones.
Es adaptado para el contexto local.
Comprado o negociado.
Marcos de referencia y normas pblicos:

Estn validados a travs de un conjunto diverso de ambientes y


situaciones.

Sujetos a revisiones amplias.

Investigados por diversos grupos de socios, proveedores y


competidores.

Se distribuyen entre una gran comunidad de profesionales.


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54

1.1 Las Mejores Prcticas en el Dominio Pblico


Fuentes de prcticas de gestin del servicio
Normas

Fuentes
(generan)

Empleados

Prcticas de
la industria

Clientes

Investigacin
acadmica

Proveedores

Capacitacin y
educacin

Consejeros

Experiencia interna

Impulsores
(filtran)

Habilitadores
(agregan)

Tecnologas

Sustitutos

Competencia

Reguladores

Cumplimiento

Clientes

Compromisos

Escenarios
(filtran)

Conocimiento apto para los objetivos,


el contexto y el propsito del negocio

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011 Reproduced under licence from AXELOS


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56

1.1 Las Mejores Prcticas en el Dominio Pblico


Mejores
Prcticas de la
Industria
Mejores
prcticas

Normas y marcos de referencia pblicos importantes para la


gestin del servicio:

ITIL
ISO/IEC 20000
ISO 9000
ISO/IEC 15504
ISO/IEC 27001

COBIT
MOF
CMMI
Six Sigma
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58

1.2 Conceptos Bsicos y Antecedentes de ITIL


Mejores
Prcticas de la
Industria

ITIL

ITIL: Conjunto adaptable de mejores prcticas diseadas para


promover servicios de TI de calidad.

Proporciona un enfoque sistemtico basado en procesos


para el aprovisionamiento y gestin del servicio de TI.

Los procesos identificados aplican a todos los aspectos de la


infraestructura de TI.

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60

1.2 Conceptos Bsicos y Antecedentes de ITIL


Mejores
Prcticas de la
Industria

Las etapas en el enfoque del ciclo de vida del servicio para la


Gestin del Servicio de TI son:

ITIL

Operacin del
Servicio

Diseo del
Servicio

Estrategia del
Servicio

Mejora Continua
del Servicio

Transicin del
Servicio

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AXELOS

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62

1.3 Normas de la Industria


Mejores
Prcticas de la
Industria

Normas

ISO/IEC 20000

Slide
content
From
AXELOS

Propsito
Definir los requerimientos para que un
prestador de servicios entregue servicios
gestionados de una calidad aceptable para sus
clientes.

Organizacin
Organizaciones que deseen implementar sus
procesos de Gestin del Servicio de TI de
acuerdo con una norma universalmente
aceptada.

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64

1.3 Normas de la Industria


Mejores
Prcticas de la
Industria

Normas

ISO 9000

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Propsito
Demostrar la capacidad de una organizacin de
cubrir los requerimientos de sus clientes.

Organizacin
Toda clase de organizaciones que deseen
demostrar su capacidad de entregar productos
o servicios.

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66

1.3 Normas de la Industria


Mejores
Prcticas de la
Industria

Normas

ISO/IEC 15504

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Propsito
Proporcionar una gua para realizar una
valoracin de la capacidad con la finalidad de
lograr la mejora de los procesos.

Organizacin
Organizaciones tecnolgicas que deseen
valorar las capacidades de la organizacin en
cada una de las etapas de proceso.

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68

1.3 Normas de la Industria


Mejores
Prcticas de la
Industria

Normas

ISO/IEC 27001

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Propsito
Reducir la exposicin de una organizacin al
riesgo de la seguridad de la informacin a
travs de un Sistema de Gestin de la
Seguridad de la Informacin (ISMS).

Organizacin
Organizaciones que deseen controlar sus
riesgos y proteger sus activos.

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70

1.4 Marcos de Referencia


Mejores
Prcticas de la
Industria
Marcos de
referencia

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Propsito
Proporcionar una estructura uniforme para
comprender, implementar y evaluar las
capacidades, el desempeo y los riesgos de TI,
con el objetivo primario de satisfacer los
requerimientos del negocio.

Organizacin
Organizaciones que deseen estructurar su
gobierno.

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72

1.4 Marcos de Referencia


Mejores
Prcticas de la
Industria
Marcos de
referencia

Gobierno: Asegura que las polticas y la estrategia se


implementen realmente, y que los procesos requeridos se sigan
correctamente.

El gobierno:

Une a TI y al negocio.

Define las direcciones, las polticas y las reglas.


Trabaja para aplicar un enfoque gestionado de forma
consistente en todos los niveles de la organizacin.

Necesita poder evaluar, dirigir y monitorear la estrategia, las


polticas y los planes.

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74

1.4 Marcos de Referencia


Mejores
Prcticas de la
Industria
Marcos de
referencia

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Propsito
Proporcionar orientacin tcnica integral para
lograr el funcionamiento de sistemas de
produccin de misin crtica usando soluciones
de Microsoft.

Organizacin
Organizaciones que deseen estandarizar sus
procesos de Gestin del Servicio de TI de
acuerdo con el marco de mejores prcticas de
Microsoft.

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76

1.5 Modelos y Sistemas de Calidad


Mejores
Prcticas de la
Industria
Modelos y
sistemas de
calidad

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Propsito
Mejorar la facilidad de uso de los modelos de
madurez para la ingeniera de software y otras
disciplinas, integrando muchos modelos
diferentes dentro de un marco de referencia.

Organizacin
Organizaciones que deseen lograr una mejora
de procesos en toda la empresa.

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78

1.5 Modelos y Sistemas de Calidad


Mejores
Prcticas de la
Industria
Modelos y
sistemas de
calidad

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Propsito
Proveer a los negocios con las herramientas
para medir estadsticamente y mejorar la
capacidad de sus procesos de negocio o
procesos de TI, incrementando el desempeo y
disminuyendo la variacin de los procesos
mediante la reduccin de defectos.

Organizacin
Organizaciones que deseen obtener ms visin
dentro del desempeo de sus procesos y las
mayores oportunidades para mejorar.

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80

1.6 Normas y Marcos de Referencia de las Compaas


Mejores
Prcticas de la
Industria
Normas y
marcos de las
compaas

Las organizaciones tienen sus propias normas especficas


de la compaa.

stas pueden estar basadas en marcos de referencia y


modelos generalmente aceptados en la industria.

El conjunto completo de normas especficas de la compaa,


marcos de referencia y normas ISO deben estar alineados.

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82

Ejercicios
Favor de referirse a la seccin de ejercicios
Unidades cubiertas:

1 Mejores Prcticas de la Industria

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84

2
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La Gestin del Servicio como una


Prctica

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86

2.1 Servicio
La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica

Servicio

Servicio: Un medio de entregar valor a los clientes facilitando


los resultados que los clientes quieren lograr sin la propiedad de
costos y riesgos especficos.

Servicio de TI: Un servicio provisto por un prestador de


servicios de TI.

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88

2.1 Servicio
La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica
Tipos de
servicios

Los servicios pueden clasificarse como:

Servicios centrales

Servicios habilitadores
Servicios de mejora

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90

2.1 Servicio
La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica

Prestador de servicios: Una organizacin que provee


Prestador de
servicios

servicios a uno o ms clientes internos o externos.

Existen tres tipos principales de prestador de servicios:

Tipo I prestador de servicios internos

Tipo II unidad de servicios compartidos.


Tipo III prestador de servicios externos

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92

2.1 Servicio
La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica

Resultado: El producto de llevar a cabo una actividad, seguir


un proceso, o entregar un servicio de TI, etc.

Resultados

Una definicin del servicio basada en resultados lleva a las


organizaciones de TI hacia la integracin del negocio-TI.

Los resultados del cliente se vuelven el inters primordial de


los gestores de la relacin con el negocio.

Slo se generan requerimientos para la coordinacin y el


control internos despus de que los resultados del cliente se
comprenden bien.

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94

2.1 Servicio
La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica

Fuerte interdependencia entre demanda, capacidad y provisin


Demanda presente

Demanda

El consumo del servicio


Genera demanda

Activos
del
Servicio

Activos
Del
cliente

La utilizacin del
servicio consume la
capacidad

Responden con oferta


Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011 Reproduced under licence from AXELOS

Debera prepararse un perfil de PBA y documentarse sus


detalles, incluyendo:

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Clasificacin

Atributos
Requerimientos
Requerimientos de activos del servicio

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96

2.2 Clientes Internos y Externos


La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica

Clientes: Aqullos quienes compran bienes o servicios.


Clientes internos
y externos

Usuarios: Aqullos quienes usan el servicio de forma diaria.


Clientes internos: Gente o departamentos que trabajan en la
misma organizacin que el prestador de servicios.

Clientes externos: Gente que no est empleada por la


organizacin.

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98

2.3 Servicios Internos y Externos


La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica
Servicios
internos y
externos

Servicios internos: Servicios entregados entre departamentos


o unidades de negocio en la misma organizacin.

Servicios externos: Servicios entregados a clientes externos.

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100

2.3 Servicios Internos y Externos


Servicios internos y externos
Cliente
externo

Cliente
externo

Cliente
externo

Cliente
externo

Cliente
externo

Cliente
externo

El negocio
Unidad de negocio
(cliente interno)

Unidad de negocio
(cliente interno)

Copyright AXELOS
Limited 2011
Reproduced under
licence from AXELOS

TI
Departamento
de TI

Departamento
de TI

Departamento
de TI

Servicios de cara al cliente externo

Servicios
de TI

Servicios de cara al cliente interno

Servicios de soporte (internos)


Servicios y productos de
negocio provistos por otras
unidades de negocio

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102

2.4 Gestin del Servicio


La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica

Gestin del Servicio: Un conjunto de capacidades


Gestin del
Servicio

organizacionales especializadas para proveer valor a los


clientes en forma de servicios.

La gestin del servicio es una prctica profesional soportada


por un cuerpo extenso de conocimiento, experiencia y
habilidades.

Entre ms maduras sean las capacidades del prestador de


servicios, mayor es su habilidad de producir
consistentemente servicios de calidad.

El acto de transformar capacidades y recursos en servicios


valiosos est en el centro de la gestin del servicio.

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104

2.5 Gestin del Servicio de TI


La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica
Gestin del
Servicio de TI

Gestin del servicio de TI (ITSM): La implementacin y


gestin de servicios de TI de calidad que cubran las
necesidades del negocio.

Gestionar a TI desde la perspectiva del negocio habilita el


alto desempeo organizacional y la creacin de valor.

Una buena relacin entre un prestador de servicios de TI y


sus clientes radica en que el cliente reciba un servicio de TI
que cubra sus necesidades.

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106

2.6 Stakeholders en la Gestin del Servicio


La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica

Stakeholders

Stakeholders: Entidades que tienen un inters en una


organizacin, proyecto o servicio, etc. y pueden estar
interesadas en las actividades, objetivos, recursos o entregables
de la gestin del servicio.

Existe muchos stakeholders diferentes incluyendo las


funciones, grupos y equipos que entregan los servicios.

Hay tambin muchos stakeholders externos a la


organizacin del prestador de servicios:

Clientes

Usuarios
Proveedores
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108

2.7 Procesos y Funciones


La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica

Proceso: Un conjunto estructurado de actividades diseadas


para alcanzar un objetivo especfico. Toma una o ms entradas
definidas y las convierte en salidas definidas.

Procesos

Los procesos:

Toman una o ms entradas y las convierten en salidas


definidas.

Se pueden medir.
Tienen resultados especficos.
Tienen clientes.
Responden a eventos especficos.
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110

2.7 Procesos y Funciones


La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica

Funcin: Un equipo o grupo de gente y las herramientas u

Funciones

otros recursos que usan para llevar a cabo uno o ms procesos


o actividades.

ITIL describe las siguientes funciones a detalle:

Service desk
Gestin tcnica
Gestin de operaciones de TI
Gestin de aplicaciones

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112

2.8 El Modelo de Procesos y las Caractersticas de los Procesos


Modelo de procesos
Control del proceso
Poltica

Disparadores

Dueo

Objetivos

Documentacin

Retroalimentacin

Proceso
Actividades
Entradas

Procedimientos

Mtricas

Roles

Incluyendo reportes
y revisiones del
proceso

Instrucciones

Habilitadores del
proceso
Recursos

Salidas

Mejoras

Capacidades

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011 Reproduced under licence from AXELOS


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114

2.9 Integracin de los Procesos de Gestin del Servicio a travs de la


Automatizacin del Servicio
La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica

La automatizacin mejora la utilidad y la garanta de los

Automatizacin
del servicio

Algunas reas donde la gestin del servicio se puede

servicios, reduce los costos y reduce los riesgos.

beneficiar de la automatizacin son:

Diseo y modelado
Catlogo de servicios
Reconocimiento y anlisis de patrones
Clasificacin, priorizacin y enrutamiento
Deteccin y monitoreo

Optimizacin
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116

2.10 Estructura del Ciclo de Vida del Servicio de ITIL


La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica
Estructura de
ITIL

Las cinco publicaciones del ciclo de vida de ITIL son:

ITIL Estrategia del Servicio


ITIL Diseo del Servicio
ITIL Transicin del Servicio

ITIL Operacin del Servicio


ITIL Mejora Continua del Servicio

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118

2.10 Estructura del Ciclo de Vida del Servicio de ITIL


La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica
Estructura de
ITIL

El ciclo de vida del servicio de ITIL

Mejora continua
del servicio
Transicin
del servicio

Diseo
del
servicio

Estrategia
del
servicio
Operacin
del servicio

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011 Reproduced under licence from AXELOS

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120

2.11 Porqu ITIL Tiene xito


La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica

El xito de ITIL

Caractersticas clave de ITIL que lo hacen exitoso:

Neutral a vendedores

No obligatorio
Mejores prcticas

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122

2.12 Roles de ITIL


La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica

Dueo del Proceso

Rinde cuentas del proceso y sus mejoras.


Roles

Asegura que el proceso sea desempeado como est


documentado.

Este rol a menudo se asigna a la misma persona que lleva a


cabo el rol de gestor del proceso.

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124

2.12 Roles de ITIL


La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica

Gestor del Proceso

Planea y coordina todas las actividades requeridas para


Roles

llevar a cabo, monitorear y reportar sobre el proceso.

El rol de gestor del proceso se asigna a menudo a la persona


que lleva a cabo el rol de dueo del proceso.

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126

2.12 Roles de ITIL


La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica

Profesional en Procesos

Es la persona que lleva a cabo las actividades definidas en el


Roles

proceso.

El rol de profesional en procesos puede estar combinado con


el rol de gestor del proceso.

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128

2.12 Roles de ITIL


La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica

Dueo del Servicio

Es responsable de un servicio especfico dentro de la


Roles

organizacin.

Representa el servicio a travs de la organizacin y


funciones como un punto de escalamiento.

Asegura que el servicio cumpla con los requerimientos del


negocio.

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130

2.13 El Modelo RACI


La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica

El modelo RACI

Usado para definir los roles y las responsabilidades en


El modelo RACI

relacin con los procesos y las actividades.

RACI es un acrnimo de los cuatro roles principales de ser:

Responsable
Accountable (quien rinde cuentas)

Consultado
Informado

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132

2.13 El Modelo RACI


La Gestin del
Servicio como
una Prctica

Un ejemplo de una matriz RACI simple


Director de la
gestin del
servicio

Gestor del
nivel de
servicio

Gestor de
problemas

Gestor de
seguridad

Gestor de
compras

Actividad 1

AR

Actividad 2

Actividad 3

Actividad 4

Actividad 5

El modelo RACI

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011 Reproduced under licence from AXELOS

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134

Ejercicios
Favor de referirse a la seccin de ejercicios
Unidades cubiertas:

2 El Ciclo de Vida del Servicio de ITIL

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3
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138

3.1 Propsito, Objetivos y Alcance


Estrategia del
Servicio

Propsito
Propsito

Definir la perspectiva, la posicin y los planes y patrones que un


prestador de servicios necesita ser capaz de ejecutar para cubrir
los resultados del negocio de una organizacin.

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140

3.1 Propsito, Objetivos y Alcance


Estrategia del
Servicio

Objetivos
Proveer:

Objetivos

Un entendimiento de qu es la estrategia.
Una identificacin clara de la definicin de los servicios.
La habilidad de definir cmo se crea y se entrega el valor.
Un medio para identificar oportunidades para proveer
servicios.

Un modelo claro de provisin del servicio.


Los medios para entender la capacidad organizacional
requerida para entregar la estrategia.

Documentacin y coordinacin de cmo se usan los activos


del servicio para entregar servicios.
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142

3.1 Propsito, Objetivos y Alcance


Estrategia del
Servicio

Alcance

Define y discute los principios genricos y los procesos de


Alcance

gestin del servicio.

Est dirigida a los prestadores de servicios internos y a los


externos.

La Estrategia del Servicio cubre dos aspectos de la


estrategia:

Definir una estrategia a travs de la cual un prestador de


servicios entregar servicios para cubrir los resultados
del negocio de un cliente.

Definir una estrategia para cmo gestionar esos


servicios.

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144

3.2 Valor para el Negocio


Estrategia del
Servicio

Valor para el Negocio

Soporta la habilidad de vincular actividades.


Valor para el
negocio

Provee un entendimiento claro de qu tipos y niveles de


servicio harn exitosos a sus clientes.

Le permite al prestador de servicios responder rpida y


eficazmente a los cambios.

Soporta la creacin y el mantenimiento de un portafolio de


servicios cuantificados.

Facilita la comunicacin entre el cliente y el prestador de


servicios.

Provee los medios para que el prestador de servicios se


organice.
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146

3.3 Principios y Conceptos Bsicos


Estrategia del
Servicio

Principios y
conceptos
bsicos

Principios y Conceptos Bsicos

Creacin de Valor a travs de los Servicios

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148

3.3.1 Creacin de Valor a travs de los Servicios


Estrategia del
Servicio

Valor de un servicio:

El nivel en el que un servicio cubre las expectativas de un


Valor de un
servicio

cliente.

Se determina por la persona que lo recibe.


Proviene de lo que le permite hacer a alguien.
Se crea combinando utilidad y garanta.
Utilidad: La funcionalidad ofrecida por un producto o servicio
para cubrir una necesidad particular.
Garanta: Un aseguramiento de que un producto o servicio
cubrir sus requerimientos acordados.

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150

3.3.1 Creacin de Valor a travs de los Servicios


Estrategia del
Servicio

Los servicios se disean, construyen


y entregan tanto con utilidad como con garanta

Valor de un
servicio
UTILIDAD
V/F

Desempeo soportado?
Restricciones eliminadas?

OR
Apto para el
propsito?

Valor creado

AND
Suficientemente disponible?
Con capacidad suficiente?

Suficientemente continuo?

V/F

Apto para
el uso?

AND

Suficientemente seguro?

V/F

V: Verdadero
F: Falso

GARANTA

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011


Reproduced under licence from AXELOS

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152

3.3.1 Creacin de Valor a travs de los Servicios


Estrategia del
Servicio

Caractersticas
del valor

Las caractersticas del valor son:

El valor se define por los clientes

Mezcla asequible de caractersticas


Logro de objetivos

El valor cambia con el tiempo y las circunstancias

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154

3.3.1 Creacin de Valor a travs de los Servicios


Estrategia del
Servicio

Entender el
valor

El valor debe ser percibido como ms alto que el costo de


obtener el servicio.

Entender el valor de TI requiere conocer:


Qu servicio(s) provey TI?
Qu logr el servicio(s)?
Cunto cost el servicio(s) o cul es el precio del servicio(s)?

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156

3.3.1 Creacin de Valor a travs de los Servicios


Estrategia del
Servicio

Crear valor

El valor depende en gran medida de las percepciones y


preferencias del cliente.

Las percepciones son influenciadas por:


Atributos de un servicio
Experiencias con atributos similares
Capacidad de los competidores
La auto-imagen del cliente

El valor se define en trminos de:


Los resultados del negocio logrados
Las preferencias del cliente
La percepcin del cliente de lo que se entreg
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158

3.3.1 Creacin de Valor a travs de los Servicios


Estrategia del
Servicio

Componentes del valor

Resultados
del negocio

Crear valor

Valor

Preferencias

Percepciones

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011


Reproduced under licence from AXELOS
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160

3.3.1 Creacin de Valor a travs de los Servicios


Cmo los clientes perciben el valor

Estrategia del
Servicio

Diferencia Diferencia
positiva
negativa

Crear valor

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011


Reproduced under licence from AXELOS

Ganancias de
utilizar el
servicio

Diferencia
neta

Prdidas de
utilizar el
servicio

Con base en estrategia DIY o


arreglos existentes
Valor de
referencia
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del servicio

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162

3.4 Procesos
Estrategia del
Servicio

Procesos
Procesos

Gestin del Portafolio de Servicios


Gestin de la Demanda
Gestin Financiera para los Servicios de TI
Gestin de la Relacin con el Negocio

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164

3.4.1 Gestin del Portafolio de Servicios


Estrategia del
Servicio

Gestin del
Portafolio de
Servicios

Propsito
Asegurar que el prestador de servicios tenga la mezcla
correcta de servicios para equilibrar la inversin en TI.

Alcance
Todos los servicios que un prestador de servicios planea
entregar, aqullos actualmente entregados y aqullos que
han sido retirados del servicio.

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166

3.4.1 Gestin del Portafolio de Servicios


Estrategia del
Servicio

Representa los compromisos e inversiones, cubriendo:


Compromisos contractuales presentes

El Portafolio de
Servicios

Desarrollos de nuevos servicios


Planes de mejora continua del servicio
Se divide en tres fases:
Catlogo de Servicios
Canal de Entrada de Servicios
Servicios Retirados

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168

3.4.1 Gestin del Portafolio de Servicios


Estrategia del
Servicio

El Portafolio de servicios
Portafolio de Servicios

El Portafolio de
Servicios

Canal de
entrada de
servicios

Servicios
retirados

Catlogo de servicios

Sistema de gestin de la configuracin

Portafolio
de clientes

Portafolio de
aplicaciones

Sistema de informacin
de gestin de
proveedores y contratos

Portafolio
de
acuerdos
con los
clientes

Portafolio
de
proyectos

CMDB

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011


Reproduced under licence from AXELOS
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170

3.4.2 Gestin de la Demanda


Estrategia del
Servicio

Gestin de la
Demanda

Propsito
Entender, anticipar e influenciar la demanda de los clientes de
los servicios.

Alcance
Identificar y analizar los patrones de actividad del negocio que
inician la demanda de los servicios.

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172

3.4.3 Gestin Financiera para los Servicios de TI


Estrategia del
Servicio

Gestin
Financiera

Propsito
Asegurar el nivel apropiado de financiacin para disear,
desarrollar y entregar servicios que cubran la estrategia de la
organizacin.

Alcance
La gestin financiera consiste en tres procesos principales:

Presupuesto

Contabilidad
Cobro
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174

3.4.3 Gestin Financiera para los Servicios de TI


Estrategia del
Servicio

Gestin
Financiera

Caso de negocio: Una herramienta de planeacin y soporte de


decisiones que proyecta las consecuencias probables de una
accin del negocio.
Objetivo del negocio: La razn para considerar una iniciativa
de gestin del servicio en el primer lugar.
Impacto del negocio: La mayor parte del argumento de un
caso de negocio recae en el anlisis de costos.

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176

3.4.4 Gestin de la Relacin con el Negocio


Estrategia del
Servicio

Gestin de la
Relacin con el
Negocio

Propsito
Establecer y mantener una relacin de negocio entre el
prestador de servicios y el cliente basada en entender al cliente
y sus necesidades de negocio.

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178

3.4.4 Gestin de la Relacin con el Negocio


Estrategia del
Servicio

Gestin de la
Relacin con el
Negocio

Alcance
La gestin de la relacin con el negocio se enfoca en entender y
comunicar:

Los resultados del negocio


Los servicios que se ofrecen actualmente al cliente
La forma en que los servicios se ofrecen actualmente
Las tendencias tecnolgicas

Los niveles de satisfaccin del cliente


Cmo optimizar los servicios para el futuro
Cmo se representa el prestador de servicios al cliente
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180

3.4.4 Gestin de la Relacin con el Negocio


Estrategia del
Servicio

Gestin de la
Relacin con el
Negocio

Diferencias entre la gestin de la relacin con el negocio y la


gestin del nivel de servicio de acuerdo a su:

Propsito
Enfoque

Medida primaria

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182

Ejercicios
Favor de referirse a la seccin de ejercicios
Unidades cubiertas:

3 Estrategia del Servicio

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4
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Diseo del Servicio

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186

4.1 Propsito, Objetivos y Alcance


Diseo del
Servicio

Propsito y
objetivo

Propsito
Disear servicios de TI, junto con las prcticas, procesos y
polticas directivas de TI.

Objetivo
Disear los servicios de TI de una forma tan eficaz, que se
requiera una mejora mnima durante su ciclo de vida.

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188

4.1 Propsito, Objetivos y Alcance


Diseo del
Servicio

Alcance

Provee orientacin para el diseo de servicios de TI


Alcance

apropiados e innovadores.

Describe los principios del diseo del servicio.

Introduce el concepto de paquete de diseo del servicio.


Cubre los mtodos, las prcticas y las herramientas para
lograr la excelencia en el diseo del servicio.

Discute los fundamentos de los procesos de diseo.


Hace cumplir el principio de que el diseo inicial del servicio
debera regirse por los requerimientos funcionales.

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190

4.2 Valor para el Negocio


Diseo del
Servicio

Valor para el Negocio

Reduce el costo total de propiedad (TCO).


Valor para el
negocio

Mejora la calidad del servicio.


Mejora la consistencia del servicio.
Facilita la implementacin de los servicios nuevos o
cambiados.

Mejora la alineacin y el desempeo del servicio y el


gobierno de TI.

Mejora la eficacia de la gestin del servicio y de los procesos


de TI.

Mejora la informacin y la toma de decisiones.


Mejora la alineacin con los valores y las estrategias del
cliente.
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192

4.3 Principios y Conceptos Bsicos


Diseo del
Servicio

Principios y Conceptos Bsicos


Principios y
conceptos
bsicos

Las Cuatro Ps del Diseo del Servicio

Cinco Aspectos Principales del Diseo del


Servicio

Paquete de Diseo del Servicio

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194

4.3.1 Personas, Procesos, Productos y Proveedores para la Gestin del


Servicio
Diseo del
Servicio

Las Cuatro Ps

Las cuatro Ps

Personas

Procesos

Productos/
tecnologa

Proveedores/Socios

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011


Reproduced under licence from AXELOS

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196

4.3.2 Cinco Aspectos Principales del Diseo del Servicio


Diseo del
Servicio

Cinco aspectos
del Diseo del
Servicio

Los cinco aspectos del diseo del servicio son:


1. Soluciones de servicio para servicios nuevos o
cambiados
2. Herramientas y sistemas de informacin de
gestin (especialmente el portafolio de servicios,
incluyendo el catlogo de servicios)
3. Arquitecturas tecnolgicas y arquitecturas de
gestin

4. Los procesos requeridos


5. Mtodos de medicin y mtricas

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198

4.3.3 Paquete de Diseo del Servicio


Diseo del
Servicio

Paquete de
diseo del
servicio

Paquete de diseo del servicio (SDP): Documento que define


todos los aspectos de un servicio de TI y sus requerimientos a
travs de cada etapa de su ciclo de vida.

Debera generarse un paquete de diseo del servicio (SDP)


para cada servicio nuevo, cambio mayor a un servicio o retiro
de un servicio.

El contenido tpico de un paquete de diseo del servicio es:

Requerimientos
Diseo del servicio
Valoracin de preparacin organizacional
Plan del ciclo de vida del servicio
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200

4.4 Procesos
Diseo del
Servicio

Procesos
Gestin del Nivel de Servicio (SLM)

Procesos

Gestin del Catlogo de Servicios


Gestin de la Disponibilidad
Gestin de la Seguridad de la Informacin (ISM)
Gestin de Proveedores

Gestin de la Capacidad
Gestin de la Continuidad del Servicio de TI

Coordinacin del Diseo


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202

4.4.1 Gestin del Nivel de Servicio (SLM)


Diseo del
Servicio

SLM

Propsito
Asegurar que todos los servicios de TI actuales y
planeados sean entregados conforme a objetivos
alcanzables acordados.

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204

4.4.1 Gestin del Nivel de Servicio (SLM)


Diseo del
Servicio

Alcance
El proceso de gestin del nivel de servicio incluye:

SLM

Cooperacin con el proceso de gestin de la relacin con el


negocio.

Negociacin y acuerdo de requerimientos de nivel de servicio.


Desarrollo y gestin de OLAs apropiados.
Revisin de todos los acuerdos con proveedores.
Prevencin proactiva de las fallas del servicio.
Reporteo y gestin de todos los logros de nivel de servicio.

Revisin peridica, renovacin y/o modificacin de SLAs,


alcance del servicio y OLAs.

Identificar oportunidades de mejora.


Revisar y priorizar las mejoras en el registro de la CSI.
Instigar y coordinar planes de mejora del servicio (SIPs).
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206

4.4.1 Gestin del Nivel de Servicio (SLM)


Diseo del
Servicio

Interfaces Crticas

Gestin de la relacin con el negocio


SLM

Gestin del catlogo de servicios


Gestin de incidentes
Gestin de proveedores
Gestin de disponibilidad, capacidad, continuidad del servicio
de TI y seguridad de la informacin

Gestin financiera para los servicios de TI


Coordinacin del diseo
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208

4.4.1 Gestin del Nivel de Servicio (SLM)


Diseo del
Servicio

SLAs y OLAs

Acuerdo de Nivel de Servicio (SLA): Un acuerdo escrito entre


un prestador de servicios de TI y el cliente(s) de TI que define
los objetivos clave del servicio y las responsabilidades de ambas
partes.

Acuerdo de Nivel Operacional (OLA): Un acuerdo entre un


prestador de servicios de TI y otra parte de la misma
organizacin que ayuda con la provisin de los servicios.

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210

4.4.1 Gestin del Nivel de Servicio (SLM)


Diseo del
Servicio

Estructuras de
SLAs

SLA basado en el servicio: Un SLA cubre un servicio, para


todos los clientes de ese servicio.
SLA basado en el cliente: Un acuerdo con un grupo individual
de clientes, cubriendo todos los servicios que usan.
SLAs multinivel

Nivel corporativo
Nivel de cliente

Nivel de servicio

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212

4.4.1 Gestin del Nivel de Servicio (SLM)


Diseo del
Servicio

Multi-level SLAs
SLA especfico del servicio

SLAs multinivel

SLA de nivel de cliente o SLA de


nivel de unidad de negocio

SLA de nivel corporativo

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011


Reproduced under licence from AXELOS
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214

4.4.1 Gestin del Nivel de Servicio (SLM)


Diseo del
Servicio

SLRs

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Requerimiento de Nivel de Servicio (SLR): Un requerimiento


de un cliente de un aspecto de un servicio de TI.

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216

4.4.1 Gestin del Nivel de Servicio (SLM)


Diseo del
Servicio

Monitoreo de
SLAs

Cuadro de logros de nivel de servicio


Periodo
Objetivo

Enero

Febrero

Marzo

Abril

Mayo

Junio

Julio

Agosto

A
B
C
D
E
F

Objetivo
cumplido

Objetivo
incumplido

Objetivo
amenazado
Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011
Reproduced under licence from AXELOS

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218

4.4.1 Gestin del Nivel de Servicio (SLM)


Diseo del
Servicio

SIP

Plan de Mejora del Servicio (SIP): Un programa o plan general


de acciones de mejora priorizadas, abarcando los servicios y
procesos apropiados, junto con los impactos y riesgos
asociados.

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220

4.4.1 Gestin del Nivel de Servicio (SLM)


El proceso de gestin del nivel de servicio

Proceso de
negocio

SLA(s)

Proceso de
negocio

Servicio A

SLM

Catlogo de
servicios

Determinar, documentar y
acordar requerimientos de
nuevos servicios SLRs y
hacer SLAs

Monitorear desempeo del


servicio contra SLA y
generar reportes del
servicio

Desarrollar contactos y
relaciones, registrar y
gestionar quejas y
felicitaciones

Recolectar, medir y
mejorar la satisfaccin del
cliente

Dirigir revisiones del servicio


e instigar mejoras dentro del
SIP general

Reportes del
servicio

Revisar y modificar SLAs,


alcance del servicio y
acuerdos de soporte

OLAs

Ayudar con el
catlogo de servicios
y mantener plantillas
de documentos
Disear marcos de
SLAs y documentar
procedimientos y
normas
Proveer
informacin de
gestin
Contratos de
soporte

Proveedores

Equipos
(ii)
Equipo de soporte (I)

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SLR(s)

Gestin de la
relacin con el
negocio

El negocio

Unidad de negocio B

(ii)
Gestin de proveedores

Proveedor

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(I)

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011 Reproduced under licence from AXELOS

Unidad de negocio A

222

4.4.2 Gestin del Catlogo de Servicios


Diseo del
Servicio

Gestin del
Catlogo de
Servicios

Propsito
Proveer y mantener una fuente nica de informacin consistente
sobre todos los servicios operacionales.

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224

4.4.2 Gestin del Catlogo de Servicios


Diseo del
Servicio

Gestin del
Catlogo de
Servicios

Alcance
El proceso de gestin del catlogo de servicios cubre:

Contribucin a la definicin de los servicios y paquetes de


servicios.

Desarrollo y mantenimiento de las descripciones de los


servicios y paquetes de servicios y un catlogo de servicios.

Interfaces, dependencias y consistencia entre el catlogo de


servicios y el portafolio de servicios general.

Interfaces y dependencias entre todos los componentes y


elementos de configuracin (CIs) de soporte, servicios y los
servicios de soporte dentro del catlogo de servicios y el
CMS.

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226

4.4.2 Gestin del Catlogo de Servicios


Diseo del
Servicio

Catlogo de
servicios

Catalogo de Servicios

Puede haber mltiples vistas del catlogo de servicios.

El catlogo de servicios puede consistir en una matriz, tabla


u hoja de clculo.

Un prestador de servicios debera definir al menos dos vistas


diferentes, cada una enfocada a un tipo de servicio:

Una vista para los clientes que muestre los servicios de cara al
cliente.

Una segunda vista para el prestador de servicios de TI mostrando


todos los servicios de soporte.

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228

4.4.2 Gestin del Catlogo de Servicios


Un catlogo de servicios de dos vistas
El catlogo de servicios

Catlogo de
servicios

Proceso
de
negocio 1

Servicio A

Servicio 1

Proceso
de
negocio 2

Servicio B

Servicio 2

Servicio C

Servicio 3

Servicio 4

Proceso
de
negocio 3

Vista del
catlogo de servicios
del negocio/cliente

Servicio D

Servicio 5

Vista del catlogo de servicios tcnico/de soporte


Vnculos a
informacin
relacionada

Registros de activos/configuraciones del


servicio
Clave
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= Servicios de cara al cliente

Servicio E

Servicio 6

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011 Reproduced under licence from AXELOS

Diseo del
Servicio

= Servicios de soporte

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230

4.4.2 Gestin del Catlogo de Servicios


Diseo del
Servicio

El catlogo de servicios

Catlogo de
servicios

Vista del catlogo de servicios de mayoreo


Cliente de
Cliente de
mayoreo
mayoreo
1
2

Servicio A

Servicio 1

Servicio
C

Servicio B

Servicio 2

Vista del catlogo de servicios de menudeo


Cliente de
Cliente de
menudeo
menudeo
1
2

Servicio 3

Servicio 4

Servicio
D

Servicio 5

Vista del catlogo de servicios de soporte


Vnculos a
informacin
relacionada

Registros de activos/configuraciones
del servicio
Clave
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= Servicios de cara al cliente

Servicio E

Servicio 6

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011 Reproduced under licence from AXELOS

Un catlogo de servicios de tres vistas

= Servicios de soporte

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232

4.4.3 Gestin de la Disponibilidad


Diseo del
Servicio

Propsito

Gestin de la
Disponibilidad

Asegurar que el nivel de disponibilidad entregada en todos los


servicios de TI cubra las necesidades de disponibilidad y/o los
objetivos de nivel de servicio.

Disponibilidad: La habilidad de un servicio, componente o CI


de realizar su funcin acordada cuando se requiera.

Tiempo de servicio acordado (AST) tiempo de inactividad


Disponibilidad (%) =
X 100
AST

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234

4.4.3 Gestin de la Disponibilidad


Diseo del
Servicio

Gestin de la
Disponibilidad

Alcance
Cubre el diseo, la implementacin, la medicin, la gestin y la
mejora de la disponibilidad de los servicios y componentes de TI.
El proceso de gestin de la disponibilidad incluye dos elementos
clave:

Actividades reactivas

Actividades proactivas

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236

4.4.3 Gestin de la Disponibilidad


Diseo del
Servicio

Principios Gua

La disponibilidad del servicio est en el centro de la


Principios gua

satisfaccin del cliente y el xito del negocio.

El mejorar la disponibilidad comienza despus de entender


cmo los servicios de TI soportan la operacin del negocio.

Entre ms proactivo sea el proceso, mejor ser la


disponibilidad del servicio.

Es ms barato disear el nivel correcto de disponibilidad del


servicio en un servicio desde el inicio.

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238

4.4.3 Gestin de la Disponibilidad


Diseo del
Servicio

Aspectos de la
disponibilidad

La gestin de la disponibilidad se completa en dos niveles


interrelacionados:

Disponibilidad del servicio


Disponibilidad de los componentes
Confiabilidad: Una medida de qu tanto tiempo puede un
servicio, componente o CI realizar su funcin acordada sin
interrupcin.
Capacidad de mantenimiento: Una medida de qu tan rpida y
eficazmente puede un servicio, componente o CI ser restaurado
a su funcionamiento normal despus de una falla.

Capacidad de servicio: La habilidad de un proveedor tercero


para cubrir los trminos de su contrato.
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240

4.4.3 Gestin de la Disponibilidad


Diseo del
Servicio

Funcin Vital de Negocio (VBF): La parte de un proceso de


negocio que es crtica para el xito del negocio.

Funciones
vitales del
negocio

Ciertas VBFs pueden necesitar diseos especiales,


incorporando:

Alta disponibilidad
Tolerancia a fallas
Operacin continua
Disponibilidad continua

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242

4.4.4 Gestin de la Seguridad de la Informacin (ISM)


Diseo del
Servicio

Gestin de la
Seguridad de la
Informacin

Propsito
Alinear la seguridad de TI con la seguridad del negocio.

Alcance
Debera ser el punto central para todos los asuntos de seguridad de
TI

Debe asegurar que se genere, se mantenga y se haga cumplir una


poltica de seguridad de la informacin que cubra el uso y desuso de
todos los sistemas y servicios de TI.

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244

4.4.4 Gestin de la Seguridad de la Informacin (ISM)


Diseo del
Servicio

Las actividades de gestin de la seguridad de la informacin


Gestin de la
Seguridad de la
Informacin

deberan enfocarse en y ser impulsadas por una poltica


general de seguridad de la informacin y un conjunto de
polticas especficas de seguridad de soporte.

La poltica debera

Cubrir todas las reas de seguridad


Ser apropiada

Cubrir las necesidades del negocio

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246

4.4.5 Gestin de Proveedores


Diseo del
Servicio

Gestin de
Proveedores

Propsito
Obtener valor por dinero de los proveedores y proveer servicio
de TI de calidad y sin defectos al negocio.

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248

4.4.5 Gestin de Proveedores


Diseo del
Servicio

Gestin de
Proveedores

Alcance
Incluye la gestin de todos los proveedores y contratos
necesarios para soportar la provisin de los servicios de TI al
negocio.

Proveedor: Un tercero responsable de suministrar bienes y


servicios que se requieren para entregar servicios de TI.

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250

4.4.5 Gestin de Proveedores


Diseo del
Servicio

Contrato de
Soporte

Contrato de Soporte (UC): Un contrato entre un prestador de


servicios de TI y un tercero.

Un Contrato de Soporte define los objetivos y las


responsabilidades que se requieran para cubrir los objetivos
de nivel de servicio acordados en un SLA.

Un contrato se usa como la base de acuerdos externos de


suministro donde se requiere un compromiso ejecutable.

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252

4.4.5 Gestin de Proveedores


Diseo del
Servicio

Alto

Categorizacin
de proveedores

Valor e importancia

Proveedores
Estratgicos
Proveedores
Operacionales
Proveedores
Tcticos

Medio

Bajo

Proveedores
de Materia
Prima

Bajo

Proveedores
Operacionales

Medio

Alto

Riesgo e impacto
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Categorizacin de proveedores

254

4.4.6 Gestin de la Capacidad


Diseo del
Servicio

Propsito

Gestin de la
Capacidad

Asegurar que la capacidad de los servicios de TI y de la


infraestructura de TI cubra los requerimientos acordados
relacionados con capacidad y desempeo de manera rentable y
oportuna.

Alcance

Debera ser el punto central para todos los asuntos de


desempeo y capacidad de TI.

La gestin de la capacidad incluye entender el potencial para


la entrega de los nuevos servicios.

Asegura que los recursos de TI se planeen y se programen


para proveer un nivel consistente de servicio que cubra las
necesidades del negocio.
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256

4.4.6 Gestin de la Capacidad


Diseo del
Servicio

Plan de capacidad: Usado para planear la capacidad de la


infraestructura de TI.

Plan de
capacidad y
Subprocesos

Gestin de la capacidad del negocio: Traduce las


necesidades y los planes del negocio en requerimientos del
servicio y la infraestructura de TI.

Gestin de la capacidad del servicio: Gestiona, controla y


predice el desempeo y la capacidad de punta a punta de la
utilizacin y las cargas de trabajo de TI operacionales en
produccin.
Gestin de la capacidad de los componentes: Gestiona,
controla y predice el desempeo, la utilizacin y la capacidad de
los componentes individuales de la tecnologa de TI.

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258

4.4.7 Gestin de la Continuidad del Servicio de TI


Diseo del
Servicio

Gestin de la
Continuidad del
Servicio de TI

Propsito
Soportar el proceso general de gestin de la continuidad del
negocio (BCM).

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260

4.4.7 Gestin de la Continuidad del Servicio de TI


Diseo del
Servicio

Gestin de la
Continuidad del
Servicio de TI

Alcance

Se enfoca en eventos que el negocio considera como


desastre.

Considera los activos y las configuraciones de TI que


soportan los procesos de negocio.

No cubre riesgos a largo plazo ni fallas tcnicas menores.

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262

4.4.7 Gestin de la Continuidad del Servicio de TI


Diseo del
Servicio

Anlisis de
Impacto del
Negocio

Anlisis de Impacto del Negocio (BIA): La actividad en la


gestin de la continuidad del negocio que identifica las funciones
vitales de negocio y sus dependencias.

Propsito de un BIA
Cuantificar el impacto que tendra la prdida del servicio en el
negocio.

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264

4.4.7 Gestin de la Continuidad del Servicio de TI


Diseo del
Servicio

Gestin de
riesgos

Riesgo: Un evento posible que podra ocasionar dao o


prdida, o afectar la habilidad de lograr objetivos.
Gestin de Riesgos: El proceso responsable de identificar,
valorar y controlar los riesgos.
Valoracin de riesgos: Una valoracin del nivel de amenaza y
el grado en el que la organizacin es vulnerable a esa amenaza.
La Gestin de Riesgos implica los siguientes pasos:

Identificar los riesgos

Analizar los riesgos


Gestionar los riesgos
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266

4.4.8 Coordinacin del Diseo


Diseo del
Servicio

Coordinacin
del Diseo

Propsito
Asegurar que las metas y los objetivos de la etapa de diseo del
servicio se cubran.

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268

4.4.8 Coordinacin del Diseo


Diseo del
Servicio

Coordinacin
del Diseo

Alcance
Incluye toda la actividad de diseo, particularmente todas las
soluciones de servicio nuevas o cambiadas que se estn
diseando para la transicin hacia el ambiente de produccin.

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270

Ejercicios
Favor de referirse a la seccin de ejercicios
Unidades cubiertas:

4 Diseo del Servicio

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272

5
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Transicin del Servicio

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274

5.1 Propsito, Objetivos y Alcance


Transicin del
Servicio

Propsito

Propsito
Asegurar que los servicios nuevos, modificados o retirados
cubran las expectativas del negocio segn lo documentado en
las etapas de estrategia del servicio y diseo del servicio del
ciclo de vida.

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276

5.1 Propsito, Objetivos y Alcance


Transicin del
Servicio

Objetivos

Planear y gestionar de manera eficiente y eficaz los cambios


Objetivos

del servicio.

Gestionar los riesgos relacionados con los servicios nuevos,


cambiados o retirados.

Desplegar exitosamente las liberaciones del servicio en


ambientes soportados.

Establecer expectativas correctas sobre el desempeo y uso


de los servicios nuevos o cambiados.

Asegurar que los cambios del servicio creen el valor de


negocio esperado.

Proveer conocimiento e informacin de buena calidad sobre


los servicios y activos del servicio.
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278

5.1 Propsito, Objetivos y Alcance


Transicin del
Servicio

Alcance

Proveer orientacin para el desarrollo y la mejora de las


Alcance

capacidades.

Considera el retiro del servicio y la transferencia de servicios


entre prestadores de servicios.

Se enfoca en cmo asegurar que los requerimientos de la


estrategia del servicio, desarrollados en el diseo del
servicio, se logren eficazmente.

Incluye la transicin de los cambios en las capacidades de


gestin del servicio del prestador de servicios.

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280

5.2 Valor para el Negocio


Transicin del
Servicio

Valor para el Negocio

Les permite a los proyectos estimar el costo, el tiempo, los


Valor para el
negocio

requerimientos de recursos y los riesgos.

Da como resultado mayores volmenes de cambio exitoso.


Hace la transicin ms fcil.
Permite que se compartan y reutilicen activos de la transicin.
Reduce los retrasos y mejora
Reduce el esfuerzo invertido.
Mejora la definicin de expectativas y aumenta la confianza.
Asegura que los servicios nuevos o cambiados se podrn
mantener y sern rentables.

Mejora el control de los activos y las configuraciones del servicio.


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282

5.3 Principios y Conceptos Bsicos


Transicin del
Servicio

Principios y
conceptos
bsicos

Principios y Conceptos Bsicos

Activos, Recursos y Capacidades

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284

5.3.1 Activos, Recursos y Capacidades


Transicin del
Servicio

Activos

Activo: Cualquier recurso o capacidad.


Activo del cliente: Cualquier recurso o capacidad usado por un
cliente para lograr un resultado del negocio.
Activo del servicio: Cualquier recurso o capacidad usado por
un prestador de servicios para entregar servicios a un cliente.

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286

5.3.1 Activos, Recursos y Capacidades


Transicin del
Servicio

Recursos y
capacidades

Existen dos tipos de activo usados tanto por los prestadores de


servicios como por los clientes.

Los recursos son entradas directas para la produccin.


Las capacidades representan la habilidad de una organizacin
para coordinar, controlar y desplegar recursos para generar
valor.

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288

5.3.1 Activos, Recursos y Capacidades


Transicin del
Servicio

Recursos y
capacidades

Ejemplos de capacidades y recursos


Capacidades

Recursos

Gestin

Capital financiero

Organizacin

Infraestructura

Procesos

Aplicaciones

Conocimiento

Informacin

Gente (experiencia,
habilidades y relaciones)

Gente (nmero de
empleados)

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011 Reproduced under licence from AXELOS


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290

5.4 Procesos
Transicin del
Servicio

Procesos

Procesos

Gestin de la Configuracin y Activos del


Servicio (SACM)

Gestin de Cambios
Gestin de Liberaciones y Despliegues
Gestin del Conocimiento
Planeacin y Soporte de la Transicin
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292

5.4.1 Gestin de la Configuracin y Activos del Servicio (SACM)


Transicin del
Servicio

Propsito
SACM

Asegurar que los activos requeridos para entregar servicios


sean controlados apropiadamente.

Alcance
Incluye la gestin del ciclo de vida completo de cada elemento
de configuracin (CI).

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294

5.4.1 Gestin de la Configuracin y Activos del Servicio (SACM)


Transicin del
Servicio

Elemento de configuracin (CI): Un activo del servicio que


necesita ser gestionado para entregar un servicio de TI.
CIs

Los elementos de configuracin:

Pueden variar ampliamente en complejidad, tamao y tipo.


Pueden agruparse y gestionarse juntos.
Deberan seleccionarse usando criterios de seleccin
establecidos, agruparse, clasificarse e identificarse de tal
forma que se puedan gestionar y rastrear a lo largo de todo
el ciclo de vida del servicio.

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296

5.4.1 Gestin de la Configuracin y Activos del Servicio (SACM)


Transicin del
Servicio

CMS

Sistema de Gestin de la Configuracin (CMS): Un conjunto


de herramientas y bases de datos que se usan para gestionar
los datos de configuracin de un prestador de servicios de TI.
El CMS:

Almacena toda la informacin sobre los CIs.


Contiene datos e informacin de la configuracin que se
combina en un conjunto integrado de vistas para diferentes
stakeholders.

Incluye registros de los incidentes, problemas, errores


conocidos, cambios y liberaciones relacionados.

Puede incluir, en el nivel de datos, datos de registros de la


configuracin almacenados en varias CMDBs fsicas.
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298

5.4.1 Gestin de la Configuracin y Activos del Servicio (SACM)

SKMS

El CMS es
parte del
SKMS
Los registros
de la
configuracin
se almacenan
en CMDBs en
el CMS

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CMS

Cada registro de la
configuracin apunta
a y describe un CI

Algunos CIs (tales


como los SLAs o
los planes de
liberacin) estn en
el SKMS

Otros CIS (tales


como los usuarios y
los servidores)
estn fuera del
SKMS

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Ejemplo de las relaciones entre el CMS y el SKMS

300

5.4.1 Gestin de la Configuracin y Activos del Servicio (SACM)


Transicin del
Servicio

Biblioteca Definitiva de Medios (DML): La biblioteca segura en


donde se almacenan y protegen las versiones autorizadas
definitivas de todos los CIs de medios.

DML

La DML:

Puede consistir de una o ms bibliotecas de software.


Contiene las copias originales de todo el software controlado
en una organizacin.

Debera incluir un almacn fsico para guardar las copias


originales.

Debera incluir copias definitivas del software comprado, as


como del software desarrollado en sitio.

Es fundamental para la gestin de liberaciones y


despliegues.
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302

5.4.2 Gestin de Cambios


Transicin del
Servicio

Gestin de
Cambios

Propsito
Controlar el ciclo de vida de todos los cambios, permitiendo que
se hagan cambios benficos con interrupcin mnima a los
servicios de TI.

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304

5.4.2 Gestin de Cambios

Gestin de
Cambios

Alcance
Cubre cambios a todos los elementos de configuracin a travs
de todo el ciclo de vida del servicio.
Negocio

Prestador de servicios

Proveedor

Cambio
Estratgico

Gestionar el
negocio

Gestionar los servicios de TI

Gestionar el
negocio del
proveedor

Cambio
Tctico

Gestionar los
procesos de
negocio

Portafolio de
servicios

Gestionar los
servicios
externos

Operaciones
del servicio

Operaciones
externas

Cambio de
servicio
Cambio
Operacional

Gestionar las
operaciones
de negocio

Alcance de la gestin de cambios


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Transicin del
Servicio

306

5.4.2 Gestin de Cambios


Transicin del
Servicio

Interfaces
Gestin de
Cambios

Procesos de cambios del negocio


Gestin de programas y proyectos
Gestin del cambio organizacional y de stakeholders
Contratacin y sociedad

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308

5.4.2 Gestin de Cambios


Transicin del
Servicio

Gestin de
Cambios

Interfaces con la Gestin del Servicio

Gestin de la configuracin y activos del servicio


Gestin de problemas
Gestin de la continuidad del servicio de TI
Gestin de la seguridad de la informacin
Gestin de la capacidad y gestin de la demanda
Gestin del portafolio de servicios

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310

Interfaces entre la gestin de cambios


y la gestin de la configuracin y activos del servicio
Gestin de cambios
Generar y
registrar la
solicitud de
cambio

Valorar el
cambio

Autorizar/
rechazar el
cambio

Coordinar la
implementaci
n del cambio*

Revisar el
cambio

Cerrar el
cambio

Elementos de
auditora

Verificar los
registros
actualizados

Liberar y desplegar
CIs
nuevos/cambiados

Gestin de la configuracin y activos del servicio


Reportes y
auditoras

Identificar
elementos
afectados

Actualizar los
registros

Capturar lneas
base de
liberaciones y
ambientes

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011 Reproduced under licence from AXELOS

5.4.2 Gestin de Cambios

Sistema de gestin de la configuracin


* Incluye construccin y pruebas donde aplique
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312

5.4.2 Gestin de Cambios


Transicin del
Servicio

Definiciones

Cambio: La adicin, modificacin o eliminacin de cualquier


cosa que podra tener un efecto en los servicios de TI.

RFC: Una solicitud de cambio - una propuesta formal para que


se haga un cambio.
Registro de cambio: Un registro que contiene los detalles de
un cambio.
Existen tres tipos bsicos de cambios:

Cambio estndar
Cambio de emergencia

Cambio normal
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314

5.4.2 Gestin de Cambios


Transicin del
Servicio

Propuesta de cambios
Propuestas de
cambios

Se usa para comunicar una descripcin de alto nivel del


cambio.

Debera incluir:
Una descripcin de alto nivel del servicio.

Un caso de negocio completo.


Una agenda preliminar para el diseo y la implementacin del cambio.

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316

5.4.2 Gestin de Cambios


Transicin del
Servicio

Modelos de
cambios

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Modelo de cambios: Una forma de predefinir los pasos que


deberan seguirse para manejar un tipo particular de cambio de
una forma acordada.

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318

5.4.2 Gestin de Cambios


Transicin del
Servicio

Planeacin de la
remediacin

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Remediacin: Acciones tomadas para recuperarse despus de


una liberacin o cambio fallido.

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320

5.4.2 Gestin de Cambios


Transicin del
Servicio

CAB

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Comit asesor de cambios (CAB): Un organismo que existe


para soportar la autorizacin de los cambios y para apoyar a la
gestin de cambios en la valoracin, priorizacin y programacin
de los cambios.

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322

5.4.2 Gestin de Cambios


Transicin del
Servicio

Un comit asesor de cambios:

Estar compuesto por diferentes stakeholders dependiendo


CAB

de los cambios que se estn considerando.

Puede variar considerablemente en estructura, an en una


sola junta.

Debera involucrar a proveedores cuando eso fuera til.


Debera reflejar las vistas de los usuarios y de los clientes.
Tiende a incluir al gestor de problemas y al gestor del nivel
de servicio y personal de relaciones con el cliente.

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324

5.4.2 Gestin de Cambios


Transicin del
Servicio

Cambios de emergencia

Cambios que pretenden reparar un error en un servicio de TI


Cambios de
emergencia

que est impactando negativamente al negocio en un grado


alto.

En una situacin de emergencia puede no ser posible


convenir una junta completa del CAB.

Donde se requiera autorizacin del CAB, sta puede ser


provista por el CAB de emergencia (ECAB).

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326

5.4.2 Gestin de Cambios


Transicin del
Servicio

Las actividades generales de la gestin de cambios incluyen:

Planear y controlar los cambios


Actividades

Programacin de cambios y liberaciones (trabajar con la


gestin de liberaciones y despliegues cuando sea apropiado)

Comunicaciones
Toma de decisiones de cambios y autorizacin de cambios
Asegurar que existan planes de remediacin

Medicin y control
Reporteo de gestin
Entender el impacto del cambio
Mejora continua
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328

5.4.2 Gestin de Cambios


Ejemplo de un flujo de proceso para un cambio normal
Rol

Las actividades asignadas al rol


'gestin de cambios' pueden llevarse a
cabo por un profesional en cambios,
una autoridad de cambios o el dueo
del proceso de gestin de cambios,
dependiendo del diseo organizacional.

*Las actividades para planear, crear


y desplegar liberaciones son parte
del proceso de gestin de
liberaciones y despliegues.

Gestin de
cambios
Gestin de
cambios
Rechazado
Autoridad de
cambios
Rechazado
Gestin de
cambios

Autoridad de
cambios
Gestin de
cambios

Solicitado

Revisar RFC
Listo para evaluacin

Valorar y evaluar el
cambio
Listo para decisin

Autorizar la construccin
y prueba del cambio
Autorizado

Coordinar la construccin
y prueba del cambio*

Creado

Autorizar el despliegue
del cambio

Flujos de trabajo

Programado

Coordinar el despliegue
del cambio*
Implementado

Revisar y cerrar el
registro del cambio

Gestin de cambios,
autoridad de cambios,
iniciador de cambios
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Flujos de trabajo

Flujos de trabajo

Cerrado

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Actualizar informacin en el CMS

Propuesta de cambio
(opcional)

Registrar RFC

Gestin de
cambios

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011 Reproduced under licence from AXELOS

Crear RFC

Iniciador de
cambios

330

5.4.3 Gestin de Liberaciones y Despliegues


Transicin del
Servicio

Gestin de
Liberaciones y
Despliegues

Propsito
Planear, programar y controlar la construccin, prueba y
despliegue de las liberaciones.

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332

5.4.3 Gestin de Liberaciones y Despliegues


Transicin del
Servicio

Gestin de
Liberaciones y
Despliegues

Alcance
Incluye los procesos, sistemas y funciones para empaquetar,
construir, probar y desplegar una liberacin al uso en
produccin.

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334

5.4.3 Gestin de Liberaciones y Despliegues


Transicin del
Servicio

Existen cuatro fases de la gestin de liberaciones y


despliegues:
Fases

Planeacin de la liberacin y el despliegue


Construccin y prueba de la liberacin
Despliegue
Revisin y cierre

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336

5.4.3 Gestin de Liberaciones y Despliegues

Gestin de cambios
Aut

Autorizar
planeacin
de la
liberacin

Planeacin de
liberacin y
despliegue

Aut

Autorizar
construccin y
prueba

Construccin y
prueba de
liberacin

Aut

Autorizar
ingreso a la
DML

AuthAuthAuthAut

Autorizar
despliegue/
transferencia/retiro

Despliegue

Revisin
postimplementacin

Revisin y
cierre

Despliegue

Transferencia
Aut

Autorizacin de la gestin de cambios

Retiro

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Fases de la gestin de liberaciones y despliegues

338

5.4.3 Gestin de Liberaciones y Despliegues


Transicin del
Servicio

Poltica de
liberaciones

Tipos tpicos de liberacin:

Liberaciones mayores
Liberaciones menores
Liberaciones de emergencia

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340

5.4.4 Gestin del Conocimiento


Transicin del
Servicio

Gestin del
Conocimiento

Propsito
Compartir perspectivas, ideas, experiencia e informacin.

Alcance
Relevante a todas las etapas del ciclo de vida y por tanto est
referenciado a lo largo de todo ITIL desde la perspectiva de cada
publicacin.

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342

5.4.4 Gestin del Conocimiento


Transicin del
Servicio

La estructura
DIKW

Los datos son un conjunto de hechos diferenciados acerca de


los eventos.
La informacin viene de proveer contexto a los datos.
El conocimiento se compone de experiencias, ideas, visiones,
valores y juicios tcitos de los individuos.
La sabidura provee el discernimiento final del material y de
tener la aplicacin y conciencia contextual para proveer un fuerte
juicio de sentido comn.

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344

5.4.4 Gestin del Conocimiento


Transicin del
Servicio

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011 Reproduced under licence from AXELOS

La estructura
DIKW

El flujo de datos a sabidura

Contexto

Sabidura
Porqu?
Conocimiento
Cmo?

Informacin
Quin, qu,
cundo,
dnde?

Datos
Entendimiento
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346

5.4.4 Gestin del Conocimiento


Transicin del
Servicio

SKMS

Sistema de Gestin del Conocimiento del Servicio (SKMS):


Un conjunto de herramientas y bases de datos que se usan para
gestionar el conocimiento y la informacin.

Una parte muy importante del SKMS es el sistema de


gestin de la configuracin (CMS).

El CMS describe los atributos y las relaciones de los


elementos de configuracin.

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348

Transicin del
Servicio

SKMS

Relacin de la CMDB, el CMS y el SKMS

Sistema de gestin del


conocimiento del servicio

Soporte para las decisiones

Soporte para la entrega de servicios

Sistema de gestin de la
configuracin

Bases de datos de gestin de


la configuracin

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5.4.4 Gestin del Conocimiento

350

5.4.5 Planeacin y Soporte de la Transicin


Transicin del
Servicio

Planeacin y
Soporte de la
Transicin

Propsito
Proveer planeacin general para todas las transiciones del
servicio y coordinar los recursos que stas requieren.

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352

5.4.5 Planeacin y Soporte de la Transicin


Transicin del
Servicio

Alcance

Mantener polticas, estndares y modelos para las


Planeacin y
Soporte de la
Transicin

actividades y los procesos de transicin del servicio.

Guiar cada cambio mayor o servicio nuevo a travs de todos


los procesos de transicin del servicio.

Coordinar los esfuerzos necesarios para permitir que se


gestionen transiciones mltiples al mismo tiempo.

Priorizar los requerimientos que tengan conflictos con los


recursos de transicin del servicio.

Planear el presupuesto y los recursos necesarios para cubrir


los requerimientos futuros para la transicin del servicio.

Revisar y mejorar el desempeo de las actividades de


planeacin y soporte de la transicin.
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354

Ejercicios
Favor de referirse a la seccin de ejercicios
Unidades cubiertas:

5 Transicin del Servicio

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356

6
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Operacin del Servicio

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358

6.1 Propsito, Objetivos y Alcance


Operacin del
Servicio

Propsito

Propsito
Coordinar y llevar a cabo las actividades y los procesos
requeridos para entregar y gestionar los servicios en los niveles
acordados a los clientes y usuarios del negocio.

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360

6.1 Propsito, Objetivos y Alcance


Operacin del
Servicio

Objetivos

Mantener la satisfaccin del negocio y la confianza en TI por


Objetivos

medio de la entrega y el soporte eficaz y eficiente de los


servicios de TI acordados.

Reducir el impacto de las interrupciones del servicio sobre


las actividades de negocio diarias.

Asegurar que el acceso a los servicios de TI acordados slo


se proporcione a aqullos autorizados para recibir dichos
servicios.

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362

6.1 Propsito, Objetivos y Alcance


Operacin del
Servicio

Alcance

Describe los procesos, las funciones, la organizacin y las


Alcance

herramientas usadas para soportar las actividades continuas


requeridas para entregar y soportar los servicios.

La orientacin proporcionada en esta publicacin incluye:

Los servicios en s
Procesos de gestin del servicio
Tecnologa
Gente

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364

6.2 Valor para el Negocio


Operacin del
Servicio

Valor para el Negocio

Reduce los gastos y el trabajo no planeados.


Valor para el
negocio

Reduce la duracin y la frecuencia de las interrupciones del


servicio.

Provee resultados y datos operacionales.


Ayuda a cubrir las metas y los objetivos de la poltica de
seguridad.

Provee acceso rpido y eficaz a servicios estndar.


Provee una base para las operaciones automatizadas.

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366

6.3 Principios y Conceptos Bsicos


Operacin del
Servicio

Principios y
conceptos
bsicos

Principios y Conceptos Bsicos

El Rol de la Comunicacin

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368

6.3.1 El Rol de la Comunicacin


Operacin del
Servicio

Se necesita buena comunicacin:


Comunicacin

Con otros equipos y departamentos de TI


Con usuarios y clientes internos
Entre los equipos y departamentos mismos de operacin del servicio

Toda la comunicacin debe tener un propsito pretendido o


una accin resultante.

La informacin no debera comunicarse a menos que haya


una audiencia clara.

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370

6.4 Procesos
Operacin del
Servicio

Procesos

Procesos

Gestin de Incidentes
Gestin de Problemas
Gestin de Eventos
Cumplimiento de Solicitudes

Gestin de Acceso

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372

6.4.1 Gestin de Incidentes


Operacin del
Servicio

Propsito
Gestin de
Incidentes

Restaurar la operacin normal del servicio tan pronto como sea


posible y reducir el impacto adverso en las operaciones del
negocio.

Alcance
Incluye cualquier evento que interrumpa, o que podra
interrumpir, un servicio.

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374

6.4.1 Gestin de Incidentes


Operacin del
Servicio

Gestin de
Incidentes

Incidente: Una interrupcin no planeada a un servicio de TI o la


reduccin en la calidad de un servicio de TI o una falla de un CI
que no ha impactado an un servicio de TI.

Impacto: Una medida del efecto de un incidente, problema o


cambio en los procesos del negocio.
Urgencia: Una medida de qu tanto tiempo pasar hasta que un
incidente, problema o cambio tenga un impacto importante en el
negocio.
Prioridad: Una categora usada para identificar la importancia
relativa de un incidente, problema o cambio.

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376

6.4.1 Gestin de Incidentes


Sistema simple de codificacin de prioridad

Impacto

Impacto,
urgencia y
prioridad

Alto

Urgencia

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Medio

Bajo

Alta

Media

Baja

Cdigo de
prioridad

Descripcin

Tiempo meta de
resolucin

Critica

1 hora

Alta

8 horas

Media

24 horas

Baja

48 horas

De planeacin

Planeada

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Operacin del
Servicio

378

6.4.1 Gestin de Incidentes


Operacin del
Servicio

Modelo de
incidentes

Modelo de incidentes: Una forma de predefinir los pasos que


deberan seguirse para manejar un proceso de una forma
acordada.

Podra ser til predefinir modelos de incidentes estndar y


aplicarlos a incidentes apropiados cuando ocurran.

Debe usarse un procedimiento separado, con plazos ms


cortos y mayor urgencia, para los incidentes mayores.

El procedimiento de incidentes mayores debera incluir el


establecimiento de un equipo separado de incidentes
mayores.

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380

6.4.1 Gestin de Incidentes


Operacin del
Servicio

Los incidentes deberan ser rastreados a lo largo de todo su

Estados de
incidentes

Puede haber cdigos de estado vinculados con los

ciclo de vida.

incidentes para indicar dnde estn en relacin con el ciclo


de vida.

Ejemplos de stos podran incluir:


Abierto
En progreso
Resuelto
Cerrado
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382

6.4.1 Gestin de Incidentes


Flujo del proceso de gestin de incidentes (parte 1 de 2)
Gestin de
Eventos

Llamada
telefnica

Interfaz web

Identificacin del incidente


Es un
incidente
realmente?

No

Correo electrnico

Al cumplimiento de solicitudes (si es


una solicitud de servicio) o a la
gestin del portafolio de servicios (si
es una propuesta de
cambio)

S
Registro del incidente

Categorizacin del incidente


Priorizacin del incidente
Procedimiento de
incidentes mayores

Incidente
mayor?

No

Copyright AXELOS Limited


2011 Reproduced under
licence from AXELOS

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384

6.4.1 Gestin de Incidentes


Flujo del proceso de gestin de incidentes (parte 2 de 2)
A
Diagnstico inicial
Escalamiento funcional

Escalamiento
funcional?

No
Escalamiento gerencial

Escalamiento
jerrquica?

Escalamiento
necesaria?
No

No

Investigacin y diagnstico

No

Resolucin
identificada?
S
Resolucin y recuperacin
Copyright AXELOS Limited
2011 Reproduced under
licence from AXELOS

Cierre del incidente


Fin

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386

6.4.1 Gestin de Incidentes


Operacin del
Servicio

Interfaces

Gestin del nivel de servicio


Interfaces

Gestin de la seguridad de la informacin


Gestin de la capacidad
Gestin de la disponibilidad
Gestin de la configuracin y activos del servicio
Gestin de cambios
Gestin de problemas
Gestin de acceso

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388

6.4.2 Gestin de Problemas


Operacin del
Servicio

Propsito
Gestin de
Problemas

Gestionar el ciclo de vida de todos los problemas desde la


primera identificacin hasta la investigacin subsecuente,
documentacin y eliminacin eventual.

La gestin de problemas busca:

Reducir el impacto adverso de los incidentes y problemas en el


negocio.

Prevenir de manera proactiva la recurrencia de los incidentes.


Obtener la causa raz de los incidentes.

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390

6.4.2 Gestin de Problemas


Operacin del
Servicio

Alcance

Gestin de
Problemas

Incluye las actividades requeridas para diagnosticar la causa


raz de los incidentes y determinar la resolucin a esos
problemas.

La gestin de problemas mantendr informacin sobre los


problemas y las soluciones temporales y resoluciones
apropiadas.

Tiene dos aspectos:


Gestin de problemas reactiva
Gestin de problemas proactiva

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392

6.4.2 Gestin de Problemas


Operacin del
Servicio

Gestin de
Problemas

Problema: La causa subyacente de uno o ms incidentes.


Error conocido: Un problema con una causa raz y solucin
temporal documentadas.

Todos los registros de errores conocidos deberan almacenarse


en la Base de Datos de Errores Conocidos (KEDB).

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394

6.4.2 Gestin de Problemas


Operacin del
Servicio

Solucin
temporal

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Solucin temporal: Una forma temporal de superar las


dificultades causadas por un problema.

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396

6.4.2 Gestin de Problemas


Flujo del proceso de gestin de problemas (parte 1 de 2)
Gestin de
eventos

Service desk

Gestin de
incidentes

Gestin de
problemas
proactiva

Proveedor o
contratista

Deteccin del problema


Registro del problema
Categorizacin del
problema
B

Priorizacin del problema


Investigacin y
diagnstico del problema

CMS

Gestin de
incidentes

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content
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Implementar solucin
temporal

Solucin
temporal
necesaria?
No

Copyright AXELOS Limited


2011 Reproduced under
licence from AXELOS

Generar registro de error


conocido si se requiere

Base de datos
de errores
conocidos

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398

6.4.2 Gestin de Problemas


Flujo del proceso de gestin de problemas (parte 2 de 2)
A

RFC

Gestin de
cambios

Cambio
necesario?

No
Resolucin del problema

No

Resuelto?
S

Lecciones aprendidas
Resultados de revisin

Cierre del problema

Problema
mayor?

Copyright AXELOS Limited


2011 Reproduced under
licence from AXELOS
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Sistema de gestin
del conocimiento
del servicio

Revisin de problema mayor

No

Mejora continua del


servicio

Fin

Acciones de mejora
Comunicaciones

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400

6.4.2 Gestin de Problemas


Operacin del
Servicio

Interfaces

Gestin financiera para los servicios de TI


Interfaces

Gestin de la disponibilidad
Gestin de la capacidad

Gestin de la continuidad del servicio de TI


Gestin del nivel de servicio
Gestin de cambios

Gestin de la configuracin y activos del servicio


Gestin de liberaciones y despliegues
Gestin del conocimiento
El proceso de mejora de siete pasos
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402

6.4.3 Gestin de Eventos


Operacin del
Servicio

Propsito
Gestin de
Eventos

Gestionar los eventos a lo largo de todo su ciclo de vida.

Evento: Cualquier cambio de estado que tenga importancia


para la gestin de un elemento de configuracin (CI) o servicio
de TI.

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404

6.4.3 Gestin de Eventos


Operacin del
Servicio

Alcance

Elementos de configuracin (CIs)


Gestin de
Eventos

Condiciones ambientales
Monitoreo del uso de licencias de software para asegurar la utilizacin
y asignacin ptima/legal de las licencias.

Seguridad
Actividad normal
Alerta: Una advertencia de que un umbral ha sido alcanzado,
algo ha cambiado, o ha ocurrido una falla.

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406

6.4.4 Cumplimiento de Solicitudes


Operacin del
Servicio

Propsito
Cumplimiento
de Solicitudes

Gestionar el ciclo de vida de todas las solicitudes de servicio de


los usuarios.

Solicitud de servicio: Una descripcin genrica para muchos


tipos diferentes de demandas que son colocadas sobre la
organizacin de TI por los usuarios.

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408

6.4.4 Cumplimiento de Solicitudes


Operacin del
Servicio

Alcance

El proceso necesario para cumplir una solicitud puede


Cumplimiento
de Solicitudes

desglosarse en un conjunto de actividades que deben


realizarse.

Estas actividades deberan documentarse en un modelo de


solicitudes y almacenarse en el SKMS.

Algunas organizaciones se sentirn cmodas dejando que


las solicitudes de servicio sean atendidas a travs de su
proceso de gestin de incidentes.

Puede ser apropiado tratar las solicitudes de servicio como


una rama de trabajo completamente separada.

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410

6.4.5 Gestin de Acceso


Operacin del
Servicio

Propsito

Gestin de
Acceso

Proveer el derecho para que los usuarios puedan usar un


servicio o grupo de servicios.

Alcance
Permite a la organizacin gestionar la confidencialidad, la
disponibilidad y la integridad de los datos y la propiedad intelectual
de la organizacin.

Asegura que se d a los usuarios el derecho de usar un servicio.


Es un proceso que se ejecuta por todas las funciones tcnicas y de
gestin de aplicaciones.

La gestin de acceso puede iniciarse por una solicitud de servicio.


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412

6.5 Funciones
Operacin del
Servicio

Funciones

Funciones

El Service Desk

La Gestin Tcnica
La Gestin de Aplicaciones

La Gestin de Operaciones de TI

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414

6.5.1 El Service Desk


Operacin del
Servicio

Service Desk

Service Desk: Una unidad funcional compuesta de un nmero


dedicado de personal responsable de tratar con una variedad de
actividades de servicio.
El service desk

Debera ser el punto nico de contacto para los usuarios de TI

Maneja incidentes
Escala incidentes al personal de la gestin de problemas
Gestiona solicitudes de servicio

Responde preguntas
Provee una interfaz para otras actividades
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416

6.5.1 El Service Desk


Operacin del
Servicio

Beneficios

Servicio al cliente mejorado


Service Desk

Accesibilidad aumentada
Mejor calidad

Trabajo en equipo mejorados


Concentracin mejorada
Un impacto negativo al negocio reducido

Infraestructura y control mejor gestionados


Uso mejorado de los recursos de TI
Informacin de gestin ms significativa
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418

6.5.1 El Service Desk


Service desk local

Operacin del
Servicio

Service Desk
Local

Usuario

Usuario

Usuario

Usuario

Sitio del cliente

Service Desk

Gestin tcnica

Gestin de
aplicaciones

Gestin de
operaciones de
TI

Soporte de
terceros

Cumplimiento
de solicitudes

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011


Reproduced under licence from AXELOS
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420

6.5.1 El Service Desk


Operacin del
Servicio

Service desk
centralizado

Service desk centralizado

Usuario Usuario Usuario Usuario Usuario Usuario Usuario Usuario Usuario Usuario Usuario Usuario

Sitio del cliente1

Sitio del cliente 2

Sitio del cliente 3

Service Desk

Gestin
tcnica

Gestin de
aplicaciones

Gestin de
operaciones
de TI

Soporte de
terceros

Cumplimiento
de solicitudes

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011


Reproduced under licence from AXELOS
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422

6.5.1 El Service Desk


Operacin del
Servicio

Service desk
virtual
Service desk de
San Francisco
Service desk
de Rio de
Janeiro

Service desk
de Paris

Service
Desk Virtual
Service desk
de Sydney

Service desk
de Beijing

Service desk
de Londres
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Sistema de
Gestin del
Conocimiento
del Servicio

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Service desk virtual

424

6.5.1 El Service Desk


Operacin del
Servicio

Service desk
siguiendo el sol

Service desk siguiendo el sol

Puede dar una cobertura de 24 horas.


Las mismas salvaguardas de procesos comunes,
herramientas, bases de datos de informacin
compartidas y cultura deben tratarse para que este
enfoque funcione.

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426

6.5.1 El Service Desk


Operacin del
Servicio

Grupos
especialistas

Grupos especialistas

Permiten una resolucin ms rpida de los incidentes.


Se deberan considerar slo para un nmero muy pequeo
de servicios clave.

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428

6.5.2 La Gestin Tcnica


Operacin del
Servicio

Rol de la Gestin Tcnica

Es la custodia del conocimiento tcnico.


Gestin Tcnica

Provee los recursos para soportar el ciclo de vida del


servicio.

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430

6.5.2 La Gestin Tcnica


Operacin del
Servicio

Objetivos de la Gestin Tcnica

Gestin Tcnica

Ayudar a planear, implementar y mantener una


infraestructura tcnica estable para soportar los procesos
de la organizacin.

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432

6.5.3 La Gestin de Aplicaciones


Operacin del
Servicio

Gestin de
Aplicaciones

Rol de la Gestin de Aplicaciones

Es la custodia del conocimiento tcnico y la habilidad


relacionada con la gestin de las aplicaciones.

Provee los recursos reales para soportar el ciclo de


vida del servicio.

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434

6.5.3 La Gestin de Aplicaciones


Operacin del
Servicio

Gestin de
Aplicaciones

Objetivos de la Gestin de Aplicaciones

Soportar los procesos de negocio de la organizacin


ayudando a identificar los requerimientos funcionales y
de capacidad de gestin del software de aplicaciones.

Ayudar en el diseo y despliegue de las aplicaciones y


el soporte y mejora continuos de dichas aplicaciones.

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436

6.5.3 La Gestin de Aplicaciones


Operacin del
Servicio

Gestin de
Aplicaciones

Desarrollo de Aplicaciones versus Gestin de Aplicaciones con


respecto a:

Naturaleza de las actividades


Alcance de las actividades
Enfoque primario
Modo de gestin
Medicin

Costo
Ciclos de vida

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438

6.5.4 La Gestin de Operaciones de TI


Operacin del
Servicio

Rol de la Gestin de Operaciones de TI

Ejecutar las actividades continuas y los procedimientos


Gestin de
Operaciones de
TI

requeridos para gestionar y mantener la infraestructura de TI.

Esta funcin se divide en dos:


Control de operaciones de TI
Gestin de instalaciones

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440

6.5.4 La Gestin de Operaciones de TI


Operacin del
Servicio

Objetivos de la Gestin de Operaciones de TI


Los objetivos de la gestin de operaciones de TI incluyen:

Gestin de
Operaciones de
TI

Mantenimiento del estatus quo.


Mejoras y escrutinio regulares.
Aplicacin gil de las habilidades operacionales.

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442

6.5.4 La Gestin de Operaciones de TI


Funciones de operacin del servicio
Service desk

Gestin de
Operaciones de
TI

Gestin tcnica
Mainframe

Servidor

Gestin de operaciones de TI
Control de
operaciones de TI
Gestin de consolas/
puente de operaciones
Programacin de tareas
Respaldo y restauracin
Gestin de impresin y salidas

Gestin de instalaciones
Red

Almacenamiento

Centros de datos
Sitios de recuperacin
Consolidacin
Contratos

Gestin de
aplicaciones
Aplicaciones
financieras

Aplicaciones de
RH
Aplicaciones de
negocio

Base de datos
Servicios de
directorio
Escritorio

Middleware

Internet/ web
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Operacin del
Servicio

444

Ejercicios
Favor de referirse a la seccin de ejercicios
Unidades cubiertas:

6 Operacin del Servicio

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446

7
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Mejora Continua del Servicio

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448

7.1 Propsito, Objetivos y Alcance


Mejora
Continua del
Servicio

Propsito
Propsito

Alinear los servicios de TI con las necesidades cambiantes del


negocio identificando e implementando mejoras a los servicios
de TI que soportan los procesos de negocio.

No puedes gestionar lo que no puedes controlar.


No puedes controlar lo que no puedes medir.
No puedes medir lo que no puedes definir.

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450

7.1 Propsito, Objetivos y Alcance


Mejora
Continua del
Servicio

Objetivos

Objetivos

Revisar, analizar, priorizar y hacer recomendaciones sobre


oportunidades de mejora.

Revisar y analizar el logro del nivel de servicio.


Identificar e implementar actividades especficas para
mejorar la calidad del servicio de TI.

Mejorar la rentabilidad de entregar los servicios de TI.


Asegurar que se usen mtodos aplicables de gestin de la
calidad.

Asegurar que los procesos tengan objetivos definidos


claramente.

Entender qu medir.
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452

7.1 Propsito, Objetivos y Alcance


Mejora
Continua del
Servicio

Alcance

Alcance
La Mejora Continua del Servicio provee orientacin en cuatro
reas principales:

La salud general de la ITSM.


La alineacin del portafolio de servicios con las necesidades
del negocio.

La madurez y capacidad de la organizacin.


Mejora continua de todos los aspectos del servicio de TI .

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454

7.2 Valor para el Negocio


Mejora
Continua del
Servicio
Valor para el
negocio

Valor para el Negocio

Lleva a una mejora gradual y continua en la calidad del


servicio.

Asegura que los servicios de TI se mantengan alineados


continuamente con los requerimientos del negocio.

Da como resultado mejoras graduales en la rentabilidad.


Utiliza monitoreo y reporteo para identificar oportunidades de
mejora.

Identifica oportunidades de mejora en estructuras


organizacionales.

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456

7.3 Principios y Conceptos Bsicos


Mejora
Continua del
Servicio

Principios y Conceptos Bsicos

Principios y
conceptos
bsicos

El Enfoque de Mejora Continua del Servicio

El Ciclo de Deming (Planear, Hacer, Verificar,


Actuar)

Medicin de la Mejora Continua del Servicio


Registro de la CSI

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458

7.3.1 El Enfoque de Mejora Continua del Servicio


Mejora
Continua del
Servicio

Enfoque de mejora continua del servicio


Cul es la visin?

Visin, misin,
metas y objetivos
del negocio

Dnde estamos
ahora?

Valoraciones de
lnea base

Dnde queremos
estar?

Objetivos medibles

Cmo llegamos
ah?

Mejora de servicios
y procesos

Ya llegamos ah?

Mediciones y
mtricas

Enfoque de la
CSI

Cmo mantenemos
el mpetu?

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011


Reproduced under licence from AXELOS
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460

7.3.2 El Ciclo de Deming (Planear, Hacer, Verificar, Actuar)


Mejora
Continua del
Servicio

Control y consolidacin continuos de la calidad


Planear
Hacer
Verificar
Actuar

Nivel de Madurez

El Ciclo de
Deming

ACTUAR

Plan de Proyecto
Proyecto
Auditora
Nuevas Acciones

PLANEAR
Alineacin
del Negocio
TI

VERIFICAR

HACER
Mejora Eficaz
de la Calidad
Consolidacin del nivel alcanzado
i.e. Lnea base

Plazo
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462

7.3.3 Medicin de la Mejora Continua del Servicio


Mejora
Continua del
Servicio

CSFs y KPIs

Factor Crtico de xito (CSF): Algo que debe pasar si un


proceso, proyecto, plan o servicio de TI debe tener xito.
Indicador Clave de Desempeo (KPI): Una mtrica que se usa
para ayudar a gestionar un proceso, un servicio de TI o una
actividad.

Los KPIs se usan para medir el logro de cada CSF.


Existen dos tipos bsicos de KPI:
Cualitativos
Cuantitativos

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464

7.3.3 Medicin de la Mejora Continua del Servicio


Mejora
Continua del
Servicio
Ejemplo de KPI
cualitativo

CSF: Mejorar la calidad del servicio de TI.


KPI: Incremento del 10 por ciento en la tasa de satisfaccin
del cliente por manejar incidentes en los siguientes 6 meses.

Mtricas requeridas:
Calificacin original de satisfaccin del cliente por manejar incidentes.
Calificacin final de satisfaccin del cliente por manejar incidentes.

Mediciones:
Calificacin de encuestas de manejo de incidentes.
Nmero de calificaciones de encuestas.

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466

7.3.3 Medicin de la Mejora Continua del Servicio


Mejora
Continua del
Servicio
Ejemplo de KPI
cuantitativo

CSF: Reducir los costos de TI.


KPI: Reduccin del 10 por ciento en los costos de manejar
los incidentes de impresoras.

Mtricas requeridas:
Costo original de manejar los incidentes de una impresora.
Costo final de manejar los incidentes de una impresora.

Mediciones:
Tiempo invertido en el incidente por el operativo de primer nivel y su
salario promedio.

Tiempo invertido en el incidente por el operativo de segundo nivel y su


salario promedio.

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468

7.3.3 Medicin de la Mejora Continua del Servicio


Mejora
Continua del
Servicio

Lnea base: Una comparacin usada como punto de referencia.


Lneas base

Deben establecerse lneas base en cada nivel:


Metas y objetivos estratgicos
Madurez de procesos tcticos
KPIs y mtricas operacionales.
Si no se establece una lnea base inicialmente, los primeros
esfuerzos de medicin se volvern la lnea base.

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470

7.3.3 Medicin de la Mejora Continua del Servicio


Mejora
Continua del
Servicio

Mtricas

Mtrica: Una escala de medicin definida en trminos de un


estndar.

Los tres tipos de mtricas son:

Mtricas tecnolgicas
Mtricas de proceso
Mtricas de servicio

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472

7.3.4 Registro de la CSI


Mejora
Continua del
Servicio

El registro de la CSI:
Registro de la
CSI

Debera registrar todas las oportunidades de mejora.

Debera ser parte del sistema de gestin del


conocimiento del servicio (SKMS).

Presentar una estructura y visibilidad a la CSI.


Proporcionar una visin consistente, coordinada de
las actividades de mejora.

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474

7.4 Procesos
Mejora
Continua del
Servicio

Procesos

Procesos

El Proceso de Mejora de Siete Pasos

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476

7.4.1 El Proceso de Mejora de Siete Pasos


Mejora
Continua del
Servicio
El proceso de
mejora de 7
pasos

Propsito
Definir y gestionar los pasos necesarios para identificar, definir,
reunir, procesar, analizar, presentar e implementar las mejoras.

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478

7.4.1 El Proceso de Mejora de Siete Pasos


Mejora
Continua del
Servicio
El proceso de
mejora de 7
pasos

Alcance
Incluye:

Anlisis del desempeo y las capacidades de los servicios,


los procesos, los socios y la tecnologa.

La alineacin continua del portafolio de servicios de TI con


las necesidades del negocio.

Hacer un mejor uso de la tecnologa que la organizacin


tiene.

La estructura organizacional y las capacidades del personal.

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480

7.4.1 El Proceso de Mejora de Siete Pasos


El proceso de mejora de siete pasos
1. Identificar la estrategia para la
mejora
Visin
Necesidad del negocio
Estrategia
Metas tcticas
Metas operacionales

2. Definir qu medir

PLANEAR

7. Implementar la mejora

ACTUAR

Datos

3. Reunir los datos


Quin, Cmo, Cundo?
Criterios para evaluar la
integridad de los datos
Metas operacionales
Medicin del servicio
HACER

6. Presentar y usar la
informacin
Resumen de valoracin
Planes de accin
Etc.
VERIFICAR

5. Analizar la informacin y los


datos
Tendencias?
Objetivos?
Mejoras requeridas?

4. Procesar los datos


Frecuencia?
Formato?
Herramientas y sistemas?
Precisin?

Conocimiento
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Sabidura

482

7.4.1 El Proceso de Mejora de Siete Pasos


Mejora
Continua del
Servicio

Gestin operacional

Espiral del conocimiento

Paso 1

Paso 2
PLANEAR

Paso 7

Paso 3
ACTUAR

HACER

Paso 4

El proceso de
mejora de 7
pasos

VERIFICAR

Paso 6

Paso 1

Paso 5

Paso 2
PLANEAR

Paso 7

Paso 3
ACTUAR

HACER

Paso 4
VERIFICAR

Paso 6

Paso 5

Gestin tctica
Paso 1

Paso 2
PLANEAR

Paso 3

Paso 7
ACTUAR

HACER

Paso 4
VERIFICAR

Paso 6

Copyright AXELOS Limited 2011


Reproduced under licence from AXELOS

Paso 5

Gestin estratgica
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484

Ejercicios
Favor de referirse a la seccin de ejercicios
Unidades cubiertas:

7 Mejora Continua del Servicio

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486

8
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Competencia y Capacitacin

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488

8.1 Competencia y Habilidades para la Gestin del Servicio


Competencia y
Capacitacin

Competencia y
habilidades

Entregar el servicio exitosamente depende de que el


personal involucrado en la gestin del servicio tenga la
educacin, capacitacin, habilidades y experiencia
apropiadas.

La gente necesita entender su rol y cmo contribuyen a que


la organizacin, los servicios y los procesos en general sean
eficaces y motivados.

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490

8.1 Competencia y Habilidades para la Gestin del Servicio


Competencia y
Capacitacin

Competencia y
habilidades

Ejemplos de atributos requeridos en muchos de los roles,


dependiendo de la organizacin y los roles especficos
asignados:

Habilidades de gestin
Habilidad de llevar juntas
Habilidades de comunicacin
Elocuencia
Habilidades de negociacin
Una mente analtica

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492

8.2 Capacitacin en ITIL


Competencia y
Capacitacin

Capacitacin

El esquema de Certificacin en ITIL provee un enfoque


modular al marco de ITIL, y se compone de una serie de
certificaciones enfocadas en diferentes aspectos de las
Mejores Prcticas de ITIL, en varios grados de profundidad y
detalle.
Estos son los niveles de certificaciones dentro del esquema:

Fundamentos de ITIL
Nivel Intermedio de ITIL

Gestin a lo Largo del Ciclo de Vida de ITIL


Nivel Experto en ITIL
Certificacin Master en ITIL
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494

8.2 Capacitacin en ITIL


Competencia y
Capacitacin

Fundamentos de ITIL
Capacitacin

Ofrece a los candidatos una conciencia general de los


elementos, conceptos y terminologa clave usados en el
Ciclo de Vida del Servicio de ITIL.

Proporciona una vista general, y conocimiento y


entendimiento bsico de ITIL.

Est abierto a cualquier individuo que pueda tener un


inters en la materia.

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496

8.2 Capacitacin en ITIL


Competencia y
Capacitacin

Capacitacin

Nivel Intermedio de ITIL

Este nivel tiene una estructura modular donde cada


mdulo tiene un enfoque diferente.

Estos mdulos entran ms a detalle que el nivel de


Fundamentos, y es una certificacin reconocida en la
industria.

El nivel Intermedio se divide en dos trayectorias:

La trayectoria del Ciclo de Vida del Servicio


La trayectoria de Capacidad del Servicio

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498

8.2 Capacitacin en ITIL


Competencia y
Capacitacin

Capacitacin

Gestin a lo Largo del Ciclo de Vida de ITIL

Esta es una certificacin de nivel superior que es el mdulo


final requerido que un candidato debe tener previo a lograr
el Nivel de Experto en ITIL.

Nivel Experto en ITIL


Este nivel est dirigido a aqullos interesados en demostrar
un nivel superior de conocimiento del Esquema de ITIL y su
totalidad.

Certificacin Master en ITIL

Este nivel valida la habilidad del candidato de aplicar los


principios, mtodos y tcnicas de ITIL en el lugar de trabajo.

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500

8.2 Capacitacin en ITIL

Aplicar
Someter una
Propuesta
Someter un Paquete
de Trabajo
Asistir a una
entrevista

# = Nmero de crditos

Master en
ITIL

Nivel Experto
slo por
acumulacin de
crditos (sin
curso o examen).
Se necesitan 22
crditos.

Experto en ITIL
5 Gestin a lo Largo del Ciclo de Vida 5
3

SS

SD

ST

SO

CSI

Intermedio Ciclo de Vida

OSA

PPO

RCV

SOA

Intermedio Capacidad

Fundamentos en ITIL

Cursos con
exmenes y
crditos
otorgados.

The Accreditor Limited 2011

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502

8.2 Capacitacin en ITIL


Competencia y
Capacitacin

AXELOS
Organismos de
certificacin

Retiene los derechos de toda propiedad intelectual, el derecho


de autor y las marcas registradas relacionadas a ITIL.

Institutos de Exmenes

Ellos aprueban las organizaciones de entrenamiento y


administran exmenes va esas organizaciones. Entre ellos
estn: LCS, EXIN, PeopleCert e ISEB.

Organizaciones de entrenamiento acreditado

Compaas evaluadas y aprobadas por un Instituto de


Exmenes para impartir oficialmente cursos acreditados de
entrenamiento y administrar exmenes en ITIL.

itSMF (IT Service Management Forum)

Comunidad internacional no lucrativa para profesionales de la


Gestin del Servicio de TI, reconocida como parte de la
comunidad de ITIL.

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504

8.3 Informacin de Contacto de PeopleCert

Para mayor informacin o asesora en estudios personalizados, favor de


contactar:

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www.peoplecert.org

info@peoplecert.org

Consultar nmero local en sitio web

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506

9
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Descripcin del Examen

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508

9.1 Formato del Examen

40 Preguntas de opcin mltiple


Cada una tiene cuatro opciones
Solo una opcin es correcta
Duracin mxima de 60 minutos
A libro cerrado
Calificacin aprobatoria de 26 respuestas correctas
(65%)
Medios de examen
Escrito
En lnea
Los candidatos que no aprueben...
Pueden hacer nuevamente el examen
Pueden presentar nuevamente el examen
cualquier nmero de veces

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510

9.2 Consejos para Contestar el Examen


Lea y entienda cuidadosamente cada pregunta
Piense en la respuesta antes de ver las opciones
Considere todas las respuestas antes de seleccionar una

No habr preguntas con truco, no las busque


Conteste las preguntas fciles primero, despus las difciles
Cuando conteste las preguntas difciles, elimine las respuestas
incorrectas si es posible, entonces haga una conjetura de las restantes

No se entretenga en cambiar una respuesta


Estime por adelantado cuntos minutos puede utilizar por pregunta y
regularmente verifique el tiempo

No tome mucho tiempo en una sola pregunta


Verifique que ha contestado todas las preguntas

Revise todas sus respuestas al final si el tiempo lo permite


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512

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Repaso, Evaluacin y Examen

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514

10.1 Repaso General

Repaso general

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516

10.2 Examen de Preparacin

Examen de preparacin

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518

10.3 Revisin del Examen de Preparacin

Revisin del examen de


preparacin

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520

10.4 Evaluacin del Curso

Evaluacin del curso

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522

10.5 Constancia del Curso

Constancia del curso

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524

10.6 Examen de Certificacin

Examen de certificacin

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526

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