Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
PARASNATH SINGH
1
Table of Contents
1.0
SCADA Section ..................................................................................................................... 4
1.1
Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 4
1.2
Supervisory Control ......................................................................................................... 4
1.3
Data Acquisition .............................................................................................................. 4
1.4
T&TEC SCADA system ...................................................................................................... 6
1.5
Remote Terminal Unit ..................................................................................................... 7
1.5.1
CPU .......................................................................................................................... 7
1.5.2
Digital Output Card .................................................................................................. 8
1.5.3
Analog Input Card .................................................................................................... 9
1.5.4
Modem .................................................................................................................... 9
1.5.5
Master Station ....................................................................................................... 10
2.0
Definitions ......................................................................................................................... 14
3.0
Scada Design ...................................................................................................................... 17
4.0
Point lists ........................................................................................................................... 18
5.0
Installation of RTU (positioning, programming, commissioning) ...................................... 24
6.0
Master Architecture .......................................................................................................... 32
7.0
Substation integration system design ............................................................................... 37
8.0
SEL 2032-Programming and Commissioning ..................................................................... 43
9.0
SCADA backup change over procedure ............................................................................. 47
10.0 SCADA Maintenance.......................................................................................................... 48
11.0 IEC 61850- Process bus research ....................................................................................... 51
12.0 Appendices ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
List of Figures
Figure 1: T&TEC SCADA system block diagram (need to be updated) ............................................ 5
Figure 2: Typical connection of DI card to external switches and relay contacts ........................... 8
Figure 3: Typical connection of DO card to external equipment .................................................... 8
Figure 4: Typical connection of AI card to transducers ................................................................... 9
Figure 5: Block diagram of typical RTU setup .................................................................................. 9
Figure 6: Block diagram showing components of master station ................................................. 11
Figure 7: Typical RTU layout for the older Legacy RTUs ............................................................... 12
Figure 8: Typical RTU layout for newer RTUs ............................................................................... 13
Figure 9: Protocol Types ................................................................................................................ 26
Figure 10: RTU Configuration Screen ............................................................................................ 27
Figure 11: Analog Configuration Window ..................................................................................... 28
Figure 12: Digital Input Configuration Window............................................................................. 29
Figure 13: SBO Configuration ........................................................................................................ 30
Figure 14: Communication Port COnfiguration ............................................................................. 31
Figure 15: Typical SCADA master station system configuration at a control center..................... 32
Figure 16: Master layout ............................................................................................................... 34
Figure 17: Options for Relay Integration ....................................................................................... 38
Figure 18: Application of the front end processor ........................................................................ 39
2
Figure 19: Relay Integration design using the Cybectec SMP-CP at Chaguanas East Distribution41
Figure 20: Typical Integrated Substation System .......................................................................... 44
List of Tables
Table 1: Table showing list of points for Chaguanas East Substation categorized by feeder/device
....................................................................................................................................................... 18
Table 2: table showing List of Point for Barataria S/S as programmed in at the Master stations 20
Table 3: Communication type ....................................................................................................... 46
The Master station communicates with RTUs using both SC1801 and DNP3 communications protocols
over pilot wire, digital microwave radio communication links, TSTT low speed lease data lines and Fiber
Optic cables. The Master Station Polls the RTUs in a fixed time interval (seconds) and only RTUs with
information responds. Each channel has a number of RTUs daisy chained as shown in the diagram. The
MTU gets information from each RTU, which is distinguished by a unique address. As mentioned before
the data could be analog such as currents and voltages or digital as is the case with alarms or status
information. The map board is a single line representation of the transmission and sub-transmission
system. On this board the breaker status is modeled as an indicator that can display GREEN to indicate
open and RED to indicate closed. Because of the large number of displays, four RTUs located at the
back of the map board in the Control room updates the required indicator to the appropriate colour.
1.5.1
CPU
An Intel 386, 486 or 586 series CPU is the brain of the newer RTUs. It stores the information collected
by all the interface cards in RAM and communicates this information to the Master Station during the
poll cycle. The 486 and 585 series can support DNP over TCP/IP communication and thus allows for
engineering access to remote IEDs.
RTU
Digital
Input Card
Protection Relay
Contact or
Circuit breaker
status
(contacts wired
represent a status:
Open/Close,
Fail or Operate)
1.5.2
This card performs the actual supervisory control function upon command from the Master Station. It is
this card that interfaces with the closing and opening circuits of the circuit breakers and is also
responsible for the changing of tap positions on transformers. This card is directly connected to
mechanical relays, which operate the controlled equipment.
1.5.3
This card collects information on the values of MW, Amps, Voltage and power factor at the substation or
power stations. This card is wired to terminal blocks then to transducers which output 0-5V signals. An
analog to digital (A/D) converter converts the analog signals into digital signals.
Measured
Quantity
Voltage, MW.
Current e.t.c.
Transducer
Votage to
Current
RTU
Analog
Input Card
1.5.4
Modem
All signals entering or leaving the RTU pass through the modem. It converts the digital signals into pulse
rate modulated signals of fixed frequency and finite bandwidth. The information stored in this signal is
then transmitted to the Master Station.
IEDs:
Analog and Digital
Soft points
Transducers
MW, Volts
Amps, P.F.
Relay Contacts
CB Trip and
Closing Coil,
Remote Tap
Changing Control
Data
Concentrator
Engineering
Access
Analog Input
Card
CPU
Modem
Microwave link
Pilot wire
TSTT line
Fibre Optic
Digital Output
Card
1.5.5
Master Station
10
11
12
Power
Supply
2030 Com
Processor
Mux fiber
optic control
User
Input
Analog
Input
Card
Processor
Digital
Input
Card
Mother board
SBO
Select before
Operate
DI Board
13
2.0 Definitions
Availability: The measure of time a parameter measurement is available to users and algorithms. It is
customary to express availability in percentage, usually as 99.xxx where xxx is an expressed fraction of a
percentage point. It is sometimes more useful to express unavailability as a maximum period of time
during which the variable is unavailaible, e.g. 4 hrs per month. Availability = uptime/(uptime +
downtime).
Chatter Filter: A facility that is used to disable a digital input point if the number of state changes of that
point during a defined time interval is excessively high.
Debounce Period: The amount of time for which the state of a digital input point shall be detected in a
valid on or off condition before it is considered to be in that position.
Latency: The time between when sensor outputs are present at the physical interface of a measuring
device until its value is available to the first user or program.
PING: Acronym for Packet Internet Groper, a utility that can test the reach ability of destinations on an
IP network. It uses an ICMP echo request, and waits for its reply.
Pseudo Points: System data points generated internally by a software application. They often represent
the results of a calculation, or the internal state of a process.
Resolution: The smallest increment of a value that can be resolved, often expressed as percent of full
scale. It is better expressed in engineering units of the measured value.
Scan (interrogation): The process by which a data acquisition system interrogates RTUs for points of
data.
Scan cycle: The time in seconds required to obtain a collection of data (e.g. all data from one RTU, all
data from all RTUs, or all data of a particular type from all RTUs).
Scan Enable: A feature that allows or disallows a particular input point to be scanned.
Select Before Operate: Two-part command sequence used to achieve high communications security and
hardware verification before the control is actually executed.
Single point/multiple point: Control of a single point versus global control of multiple points.
Software Debouncing: A method used to determine whether a digital input has actually changed state,
or whether a perceived change of state was actually contact bounce or other line
Time Skew: The elapsed time between when the first value in a set of measurements is taken until the
last value of the same set of measurements is taken. The data set may consist of measurements made
in a close proximity, as within a single substation, or across a large geographic area as in the flow
measurements for a large transmission network.
14
It can also be used with several physical layers, and as a layered protocol is suitable for operation over
local and some wide area networks.
Minimized overhead. DNP3 was designed for existing wire-pair data links with operating bit rates as low
as 1200 bit/s and attempts to use a minimum of overhead while retaining flexibility. Selection of a data
reporting method, such as report-by-exception, further reduces overhead.
Open standard. DNP3 is a nonproprietary, evolving standard controlled by a users group whose
members include RTU, IED, and master station vendors, and representatives of the electric utility and
system consulting community.
Configure: To initialize a device so that it operates in a particular way. For instance, a customer may
configure a device so the device never requests data link confirmations, using a variety of mechanisms
(e.g., parameters in NVRAM, parameters in ROM, dip switches, or hardware jumpers).
cyclic redundancy check (CRC):An error-detection scheme that checks the integrity of a transmitted
message for errors introduced during transmission.
master: A device that initiates communications requests to gather data or perform controls.
remote terminal unit (RTU): A piece of equipment located at a distance from a master station to
monitor and control the state of outlying power equipment and to communicate the information back
to the master station or host.
parse: To resolve a request or response into component parts. In the context of messages, a device can
break the message into pieces, each of which consists of a header and sometimes some corresponding
data. If a device is able to parse a message, it can recognize each piece of a message. It does not
necessarily make use of the data found in that message. However, it shall make any confirmation
responses or other responses that the message requires.
16
Measurements
Status monitoring
Control
Protection
Ancillary services
Time synchronism
Accuracy (%)
Availability (Hours/month)
Latency (Seconds)
Resolution (%)
17
Table 1: Table showing list of points for Chaguanas East Substation categorized by feeder/device
Feeder
Central Feeder
Longdenville
Chaguanas West
Bus Protection
TF#1
Points
A 1 Central 66kV CB Status
A 2 Central 66kV CB Spring Status
A 3 Central 66kV Supervisory Selector Switch Status
A 4 Central SEL 321 Distance Relay Operate
A 5 Central SEL 321 Distance Relay Fail
A 6 Central SEL 321 Distance Relay VT fuse fail
A 7 Central Razoa Distance Relay Operate
A 8 Central Razoa Distance Relay Fail
B 1 Longdenville 66kV CB Status
B 2 Longdenville 66kV CB Spring Status
B 3 Longdenville 66kV Supervisory Selector Switch Status
B 4 Longdenville SEL 311L Line Diff. Relay Operate
B 5 Longdenville SEL 311L Line Diff. Relay Fail
B 6 Longdenville SEL 311L Line Diff. Relay VT fuse fail 13
B 7 Longdenville SEL 311L Line Diff. Relay Comm. Channel Fail 14
B 8 Longdenville Qmho Distance Relay Operate 15
C1 Longdenville Qmho Distance Relay Fail 16
C2 Longdenville Qmho Distance Relay VTS Alarm 17
C3 Chaguanas West 66kV CB Status 18
C4 Chaguanas West 66kV CB Spring Status 19
C5 Chaguanas West 66kV Supervisory Selector Switch Status 20
C6 Chaguanas West REF Relay Operate 21
C7 Chaguanas West SEL 351A Overcurrent Relay Operate 22
C8 Chaguanas West SEL 351A Overcurrent Relay Fail 23
D1 Chaguanas West SEL 351A Overcurrent Relay VT fuse fail 24
D2 Chaguanas West 66kV CB Alarm 25
D3 Bus Protection Hiset Relay Operate 26
D4 Bus Protection Overcurrent Relay Operate 27
D5 Bus Protection 1st Stage Operate 28
D6 Bus Protection 2nd Stage Operate 29
D7 Bus Protection Lock Out Trip Relay Operate 30
D8 66/12kV TF#1 Differential Relay Operate 31
A 1 66/12kV TF#1 HVREF Relay Operate 32
A 2 66/12kV TF#1 LVREF Relay Operate 33
A 3 66/12kV TF#1 Buchholz Operate 34
18
TF#2
Montrose
Ramsaran
Chaguanas
Carlsen Field
BATTERY
SPARE
Outputs
Feeder
Central Feeder
Longdenville
Chaguanas West
Montrose 12kV
Ramsaran St. 12kV
Chaguanas 12kV
Carlsen Field 12kV
Outputs
C1 Central 66kV CB Open 0
C2 Central 66kV CB Close 1
C3 Longdenville 66kV CB Open 2
C4 Longdenville 66kV CB Close 3
C5 Chaguanas West 66kV CB Open 4
C6 Chaguanas West 66kV CB Close 5
C7 Montrose 12kV CB Open 6
C8 Montrose 12kV CB Close 7
D1 Ramsaran St. 12kV CB Open 8
D2 Ramsaran St. 12kV CB Close 9
D3 Chaguanas 12kV CB Open 10
D4 Chaguanas 12kV CB Close 11
D5 Carlsen Field 12kV CB Open 12
D6 Carlsen Field 12kV CB Close 13
D7 Spare 14
D8 Spare
19
Analog inputs (measurements) were sent as soft point, from the various IEDS through RS232 to SMP-CP
data concentrator for this substation.
Barataria Substation Points List
Table 2: table showing List of Point for Barataria S/S as programmed in at the Master stations
name
BAT000ACBAR
BAT001ACBAR
RTU001ACBAR
NIC999CFBAR
SJN999CHBAR
XFD001DCBAR
XFD001DFBAR
WAS999DFBAR
POS002DGBAR
POS004DGBAR
WAS999DGBAR
BAM001DOBAR
BAM002DOBAR
NIC999DOBAR
POS002DOBAR
POS004DOBAR
WAS999DOBAR
WAS999DTBAR
BAM001FTBAR
BAM002FTBAR
CFL999GOBAR
XFD001HFBAR
XFI002HVBAR
XFD001HVBAR
XFI001HVBAR
ELS999IGBAR
MTH999IGBAR
SJN999IGBAR
NIC999LGBAR
XFD001LOBAR
NIC999LOBAR
XFD001LTBAR
XFI002LVBAR
XFD001LVBAR
XFI001LVBAR
BAM001MFBAR
BAM002MFBAR
BAM001MMBAR
BAM002MMBAR
BAM001MSBAR
BAM002MSBAR
rtu
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
description
ALTERNATE PROT. BATTERY CHARGER AC FAIL
PREFERRED PROT. BATTERY CHARGER AC FAIL
RTU BATTERY CHARGER AC FAIL
NICHOLAS TOWERS SEL 311L LINE DIFF. RELAY COMM.
SAN JUAN SEL 311L COMM CH FAIL
33/12KV T/F #1 DC FAIL
33/12KV T/F #1 DIFFERENTIAL RELAY FAIL
WASA SEL311 LINE DIFF. COMM. CHANNEL FAIL
POS #2 DIRECTIONAL GROUND OVERCURRENT
POS #4 DIRECTIONAL GROUND OVERCURRENT
WASA DIRECTIONAL GROUND OVERCURRENT
BAMBOO #1 DIRECTIONAL PHASE OVERCURRENT
BAMBOO #2 DIRECTIONAL PHASE OVERCURRENT
NICHOLAS TOWERS SEL 351A DOCEF RELAY FAIL
POS #2 DIRECTIONAL PHASE OVERCURRENT
POS #4 DIRECTIONAL PHASE OVERCURRENT
WASA DIRECTIONAL PHASE OVERCURRENT
WASA SEL311 LINE DIFF. TRIP
BAMBOO #1 FAULT THROW SWITCH OPERATED
BAMBOO #2 FAULT THROW SWITCH OPERATED
CHAMPS FLEURS GROUND OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
33/12KV T/F #1 HYDRAN FAIL ALARM
100 MVA TRANSFORMER #2 HV REF
33/12KV T/F #1 HV REF
BAMBOO #1 100 MVA XFR HV REF
EL SOCORRO EARTH FAULT PROTECTION
MT. HOPE EARTH FAULT PROTECTION
SAN JUAN EARTH FAULT PROTECTION
NICHOLAS TOWERS GCB LOW SF6 GAS ALARM
33/12KV T/F #1 LOW OIL LEVEL ALARM
NICHOLAS TOWERS SEL 351A OPERATE
33/12KV T/F #1 LOCK OUT TRIP RELAY (86) OPERA
100 MVA TRANSFORMER #2 LV REF
33/12KV T/F #1 LV REF
BAMBOO #1 100 MVA XFR LV REF
BAMBOO #1 MICROMHO DC FAIL
BAMBOO #2 MICRMHO DC FAIL
BAMBOO #1 MICROMHO PROTECTION TRIP
BAMBOO #2 MICRMHO PROTECTION TRIP
BAMBOO #1 MICROMHO VTS FAIL
BAMBOO #2 MICROMHO VTS FAIL
20
BRK000OCBAR
BRK010OCBAR
BRK020OCBAR
BRK030OCBAR
BRK040OCBAR
BRK050OCBAR
BRK060OCBAR
BRK070OCBAR
BRK080OCBAR
BRK090OCBAR
NIC999OCBAR
XFD001OFBAR
MTH999PFBAR
CFL999POBAR
ELS999POBAR
MTH999POBAR
SJN999POBAR
XFD001PRBAR
XFI002PTBAR
XFI001PTBAR
NIC999RFBAR
SJN999RFBAR
RTU001RMBAR
NIC999ROBAR
SJN999ROBAR
CFL999SCBAR
ELS999SCBAR
NIC999SCBAR
POS002SCBAR
POS004SCBAR
CFL999SFBAR
POS002SFBAR
POS004SFBAR
WAS999SFBAR
ELS999SKBAR
ELS999SOBAR
MTH999SOBAR
BRK000SSBAR
BRK010SSBAR
BRK020SSBAR
BRK030SSBAR
BRK040SSBAR
BRK050SSBAR
BRK060SSBAR
BRK070SSBAR
BRK080SSBAR
BRK090SSBAR
NIC999SSBAR
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
33kV OCB#0
33kV OCB#10
33kV OCB#20
33kV OCB#30
33kV OCB#40
33kV OCB#50
33kV OCB#60
33kV OCB#70
33kV OCB#80
33kV OCB#90
NICHOLAS TOWERS 33KV GCB
33/12KV T/F #1 OVERCURRENT RELAY FAIL
MT. HOPE SEL 311L DIFF RELAY COMM CH FAIL
CHAMPS FLEURS PHASE OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
EL SOCORRO PHASE OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
MT. HOPE OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
SAN JUAN OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
33/12KV T/F #1 PRV OPERATE
100 MVA TRANSFORMER #2 PROTECTION TRIP
BAMBOO #1 100MVA PROTECTION TRIP
NICHOLAS TOWERS SEL 311L LINE DIFF. RELAY FAIL
SAN JUAN SEL 311L LINE DIFF RELAY FAIL
RTU REMOTE / LOCAL SWITCH ON LOCAL
NICHOLAS TOWERS SEL 311L LINE DIFF. RELAY OPERA
SAN JUAN SEL 311L LINE DIFF RELAY OPERATE
CHAMPS FLEURS SEL 311 LINE COMMUNICATION FAIL
EL SOCORRO PILOT WIRE SUPERVISION FAIL
NICHOLAS TOWERS SEL 311 LINE COMMUNICATION FAIL
POS #2 SEL 311 LINE COMMUNICATION FAIL
POS #4 SEL 311 LINE COMMUNICATION FAIL
CHAMPS FLEURS SEL 311 LINE DIFF. RELAY FAIL
POS #2 SEL 311 LINE DIFF. RELAY FAIL
POS #4 SEL 311 LINE DIFF. RELAY FAIL
WASA SEL 311 LINE DIFF. FAIL
EL SOCORRO SOLKOR SWITCH OUT
EL SOCORRO SOLKOR PROTECTION
MT. HOPE SEL 311L LINE DIFF RELAY OPERATE
33kV OCB#0 SPRING STATUS
33kV OCB#10 SPRING STATUS
33kV OCB#20 SPRING STATUS
33kV OCB#30 SPRING STATUS
33kV OCB#40 SPRING STATUS
33kV OCB#50 SPRING STATUS
33kV OCB#60 SPRING STATUS
33kV OCB#70 SPRING STATUS
33kV OCB#80 SPRING STATUS
33kV OCB#90 SPRING STATUS
NICHOLAS TOWERS 33KV GCB SPRING STATUS
21
CFL999STBAR
POS002STBAR
POS004STBAR
BRK020SUBAR
BRK030SUBAR
BRK040SUBAR
BRK050SUBAR
BRK060SUBAR
BRK070SUBAR
BRK080SUBAR
BRK090SUBAR
BRK000SUBAR
BRK010SUBAR
MTH999SWBAR
XFI001T0BAR
XFI002T0BAR
XFI001T1BAR
XFI002T1BAR
XFI002T2BAR
XFI001T2BAR
XFI001T3BAR
XFI002T3BAR
XFI002T4BAR
XFI001T4BAR
XFI001T5BAR
XFI002T5BAR
XFD001TABAR
XFI001TCBAR
XFI002TCBAR
NIC999TFBAR
BRK000TFBAR
BRK020TFBAR
BAM001THBAR
BAM002THBAR
BAM001TNBAR
BAM002TPBAR
XFD001TTBAR
BAM001TVBAR
BAM002TVBAR
NIC999VFBAR
NIC999VTBAR
XFI002XDBAR
XFI001XDBAR
XFI002XTBAR
XFI001XTBAR
XFD001ZABAR
XFD001ZTBAR
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
TTEC_BARATARIA
22
23
STEP TWO
The RTU is set up to be polled by the master station. This is to verify that communications are good.
STEP THREE
Pre-commissioning tests are done to verify wiring (RTU is set on offscan mode).
STEP FOUR
Point are programmed at the master using the database management tool
Diagram of substation is drawn using Autocad software and then converted from the dwg to dxf
format for use by the XOS workstations. Circuit breaker status points and various analog points are
24
programmed to be display on this diagram using data gathered from the polling of the substations
RTU. All diagrams are stored in a local workstation.
STEP FIVE
Digital input points are shorted to simulated contact closure or lifted to simulate contact
opening
Control output points are testing by opening knife switches and ensuring contact operation at
the RTU location following a trip/close command sent from the Master station.
Live trip and close test are done. This activity requires the supervision of the control engineer.
25
Status Inputs
ISOLATION: Optically isolated, 1500VDC
LOOP VOLTAGES: 12, 24, 48, and 129VDC
DEBOUNCE: 20 msec nominal
CONFIGURATION: 2 terminals per point (+ and -)
BASEBOARD POINTS: 16
MAX INPUTS: 240
POWER: Baseboard and XT excitation
INDICATORS: One LED per point.
XT DIMENSIONS: 16pt 5x8 inch, 32pt 5x8 inch & 32pt 7x19 inch
Power Requirements
INPUT VOLTAG:E 10 to 33VDC required by the Baseboard
OPTIONAL POWER SOURCES: 120/240VAC with added supply/battery charger; 12VDC, 48VDC, 129VDC
with added DC/DC supply
RTU Protocols
There are two types of protocols that the RTU deals with: Remote and Master. Master protocol means
that the RTU is gathering data from an IED. Remote protocol means that the RTU is talking to a Master
Station.
26
RTU Configuration
At the top of the configuration diagram are five tabs that allow one to jump between the Configuration
page, Data Display page, Command page, Up/Download page, and Admin page. Grayed-out tabs
indicate no privilege for that particular function.
The block diagrams as shown on the Configuration, Data Display, and Command pages are almost the
same. However, the navigation will differ depending on which diagram one is on.
27
The Analog Configuration screen allows you to name each analog point, select the type of input from a
drop-down menu, and set the engineering scaling.
Click Submit when you are satisfied with the configuration, or Cancel to back out of the function without
saving.
28
29
Control Configuration
Click on Control button, then type in the number of control points. Select either SBO, Skip BB SBO, or BB
DO (BB means baseboard). (See figure 10)
Enter the name of the SBO point and the Execute Time for each SBO, or accept the defaults. (See figure
13)
Click Submit when you are satisfied with the configuration, or Cancel to back out of thefunction without
saving.
30
To begin serial communications configuration, select Serial Comm (see figure 10)
Port name: Click the default port under Name to name the port (or accept the default). Click Submit to
accept the name, as shown in Figure 14.
Select the desired protocol from the drop-down list.
Select configure protocol
31
Figure 15: Typical SCADA master station system configuration at a control center
Modern SCADA master stations have both software and hardware in a distributed architecture. The
processing power is distributed among various computers and servers that communicate with each
other through a real-time dedicated Local Area Network (LAN) in the control center.
Modern SCADA master station systems use open architecture features that support interconnections
with other systems. Open system standards also support interfaces with other vendors products.
The main elements of the SCADA Master station illustrated in Figure 10 are:
Human-Machine Interface (HMI): This interface comprises the mimic board and multi VDU (Video
Display Unit) workstations:
o Mapboard: The map board (or mimic board) is intended to give an overview of the power
system. It shows a simplified representation of the power system preserving as much detail as
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possible with the geographical orientation of the system. Two different map board technologies
are used in control centers. The mosaic type mimic board uses small mosaic tiles with the static
type information etched or taped on the tiles. Indicators are used for dynamic information such
as breaker status. A matrix of LEDs can also be inserted in the mimic board to offer animation
capability. If a modification is needed, tiles must be removed and replaced by new ones a timeconsuming activity. Today, Large Screen Displays (Projection systems, Large-scale LCD systems,
Plasma systems, etc.) are more commonly used in control centers. The system software should
prepare and send to the mapboard controller the pictures to be displayed. This type of mapboard
requires much less effort when the electric network configuration is modified. A new picture is
edited and propagated to the mapboard.
The main reason given for preferring the mosaic tile mapboard is the fact that the network
orientation and topology remains visible to a user even in the event of a total power failure, or a
malfunction of the VDU driver or VDU itself.
o Multi-VDU Interface: Workstations that are used to view the status of power system devices in
more detail. In modern SCADA systems, multi-VDU workstations give operators easy access to a
wide variety of application and control functions. These workstations can support 4 or more
physical or virtual VDUs and offer full graphic capability with multi-window techniques such as
pan, zoom, pop-up/pull-down menu and drag and drop. Interactive menu selection speeds up
switching between applications.
Core SCADA subsystems: This server is used mainly for data processing functions and real-time
database storage.
Advanced Application subsystems: These servers support all EMS or DMS applications. The
main characteristic of this server is its processing power. More than one server may be used for
these applications.
Historical and future databases: These servers support the database that contains all historical
data. This information can also be used for system studies or operators training. Data are
forecasted or estimated for future values.
Configuration and administration: This server is used for the control, management and
maintenance of the whole SCADA system. From this server, the operation mode of each server
can be controlled and system backup functions can be ordered.
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Communication front-end: This system is used for data acquisition from Remote Terminal Units
(RTUs) and field equipment. It provides functions such as control and monitoring of the RTU data,
protocol conversion, security check, storage of analog and digital data, and detection of analog
value and switch state changes.
External Communication Server: This server provides data exchange with other control centers. As
this server provides a window into the master station, special attention should be paid to protecting
unauthorized access via this server, and to the protection of the data residing in the master station
database from unauthorized access or modification.
SEE APPENDIX
Figure 16: Master layout
WORSTATIONS
There 8 computing stations. These are as follows:
SUMMARIES
At the master workstations are used to view reports and summaries on data acquired form RTUs. The
following is a list of all the System displays available to the operator:
System Display window:- This widow is a list of the various reports/summaries. Buttons such as Analog,
Status, Remote, Alarm, Events and Connection can be selected for viewing of their summaries.
There is also a Display Index Window that lists all the substations on SCADA. Each button in this window
link to a one line diagram of the substation selected. All one line diagrams were developed in Auto cad
and formatted and programmed to be used on the Master software DNA OaSys.
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Alarm Summary-lists all the high and low alarms (Analog point) and the change of state alarms (Digital/
Status Points)
Fields: Time, Point, Description, Comment
Alarms can be cleared.
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The data management tool (DMT) is used to add a new point or edit existing points at the master.
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Substation integration is the process of providing communication and other connections between IEDs
to take advantage of distributed functions that the IEDs offer
The goal of substation integration is to access and communicate to remote microprocessor devices
through a centralised device
Cybectec Definition:
Integration is all about information Making the correct information, available to the correct user at the
correct time
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Master
Station
RTU
Communication
Processor
IEDs
I/O
Hardwired points
Master
Station
RTU
IEDs
I/O
Hardwired points
Master
Station
Front End
Processor
IEDs
I/O
Hardwired points
Master
Station
RTU
Front End
Processor
IEDs
I/O
Hardwired points
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BENEFITS
Integration and automation provides utilities with the following benefits
> Systems operate more efficiently with fewer outages
> Assets are better utilized and maintained
> Costs are reduced
> Reliability is improved
> Customer satisfaction is improved
The front end processor differs from the normal RTU and Communication Processor in that it has more
features, it expandable, upgradeable, and installs in less time
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Features:
> A protocol translator
Polls each device using the device protocol
Stores device data in a normalized format, with timestamp and quality
Makes data available to control centers, using the control center protocol
> A data concentrator
Provides a secure single point of access to all substation devices
Reduces communications bandwidth
> A data distributor
Make data available to multiple applications simultaneously
> An automation processor
Built-in automation functions and Soft PLC
> A port switch
Securely connect remote users to substation devices
Definitions
Transparency-pretending that your in front the equipment. DNP/TCPIP- DNP become transparent
because of TCP/IP
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Figure 19: Substation Integration design using the Cybectec SMP-CP at Chaguanas East Distribution
SCADA technology has advanced to the point where a full computer with specialized hardware and
software (FEP) and designed to withstand the substation environment can be installed in the substation.
Cybectec offers such a solution in the form of their SMP line of Products. The SMP-CP 16 model was
recently installed at Chaguanas East Substation as a pilot project. The figure above shows how
substation integration was achieved with the device.
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Data was communicated serially via RS232 connections between the SMP and the various SEL devices
using SEL ASCII protocol. Pass through was also achieved
Data was communicated serially via RS485 connection (and also an Ethernet connection) between the
SMP and the GE D60 device using DNP protocol.
Communication was also achieved to the K series relay on the 12 KV board. The integration was
achieved at both transmission and distribution levels. The K Series relay were daisy chained to a Kitz
101. The Kitz 101 converted the K bus protocol of the K-Series to the Courier protocol. Thus the master
protocol at the SMP was set up to talk Courier with the Kitz 101 device.
All data communicated thus far represent soft points for processing by the SMP. For hardwired points
input/output modules were used to interface these points with the SMP device. Points were either input
status points or output control points.
The issue can be raised as to the point of isolation between the output card and the trip coil of the
circuit breaker or transformer taps does being non existent i.e. no knife switches. However isolation can
be achieved by lifting the wire at the interface panel to the SMP I/O device. In this was isolation is
achieved from the master.
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SCADA
The SEL-2032 can be interfaced with a variety of devices, including RTU and HMIs. The SEL-2032 can
serve as a data concentrator, to be polled by local RTU, or it can be connected to a dedicated SCADA
communication circuit and polled by a central device.
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Substation integration
IEDs perform multiple functions and can contain measurement data, status, control, settings, historical
information, and alarms. Each IED often performs the functions of several devices within a substation,
but for a portion of the substation associated with a single bay or circuit breaker. A function that is
performed by many devices each working on a small part of the whole is called a distributed function.
Substation integration is the process of providing communication and other connections between IEDs
to take advantage of distributed functions that the IEDs offer. Figure 11 is a diagram of a typical
integrated substation. The IEDs are integrated into a system by the SEL-2032.
Soft points (i.e. point from the SEL 2032 to RTU) reflects saving in time and cost this is due to the fact
that there is no multi- core, telephone wire and expansion board required.
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INTEGRATION PROCESS
Step 1. Determine data requirements. List data terminals that require time synchronization,
measurement, status, engineering, and control pathways.
Step 2. Compile station IED information. Station IEDs typically are chosen by function like protective
relays, battery chargers and others. Make a list of devices and collect communications information
including protocols, communications media, and data transmission rates.
Step 3. Design station architecture. Lay out the devices and begin to connect them with
communications paths. Connect IEDs to SEL-2032s using a star network. Master devices may have
specific protocol or connection requirements. Decide whether fiber-optic cables or metallic cables for
SEL-2032-to-IED connections.
Step 4. Determine IED protocol information. For SEL devices, use the SEL protocol and take advantage
of autoconfiguration and interleaved protocols. For non-SEL devices, determine the protocol
information necessary to collect the data that the data consumers require.
Step 5. Determine detailed information lists for master devices. For connections to masters like SCADA
systems and HMIs, determine exactly what information points are required and how they will be scaled
and presented. This will allow one to configure the SEL-2032 to move and scale collected data into an
optimized data set for each master.
Step 6. Determine required SEL-2032 port configurations. Use the information about the IEDs and
communications links to determine communications link parameters including communications speed,
parity, stop bits, and handshaking.
Step 7. Determine SEL-2032 data collection messages. For SEL IEDs, use the shorthand 20 messages
to collect and parse data automatically. For non-SEL devices use the information gathered in Step 4 to
determine the outgoing control and data request messages and response parsing methods.
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Step 8. Determine SEL-2032 data math/movement settings. This step connects the data collected in
Step 7 to the master data requirements from Step 5. Math/movement settings concentrate, scale, and
manipulate collected data for master devices.
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There will be a healthy Communication link between Mt.Hope and King Village (main and backup).
All communication channels will also point/be routed to the King Village backup site.
In the event of a natural disaster or Act of God, that pathways and access to the backup site are
useable. For example, flooding may limit accessibility.
T&TECs mobile radio system and/or 3rd party mobile phone service remains intact during and after
the failover.
The backup site remains intact with no damage to the backup Control room or the equipment
contained within.
There are no complications with the SCADA software system during failover.
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Instruction
Protection and SCADA staff shall prepare and plan in advance of the SCADA maintenance to ensure that:
i)
Specific plans have been developed to perform the work safely and efficiently with due regards for
personnel and equipment safety.
ii) In advance of the SCADA maintenance that the Schedule of SCADA Points database for the
substation, supporting documentation and test equipment are available.
iii) The controlling authority is notified of the planned maintenance.
Isolation
On arrival at the work location, contact the controlling authority. (A discussion on the scheduled
maintenance is done on the day of the job prior to leaving headquarters). Hold a brief discussion with
the working team regarding the nature of the work to be done and any safety hazard that may exist.
i)
Identifying the isolating switches in the RTU associated with the SCADA control points.
ii)
The following checks are intended to monitor the condition of the RTU power supply and
the adequacy of the back-up battery:
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i)
Measure and record the as found voltage level readings of the various power supply voltages in
the RTU.
ii) Inspect the condition of the batteries and note their specific gravity.
iii) Measure and record the no-load voltage level of the batteries.
iv) Remove the AC supply fuses and record the on-load battery voltage and the power supply
voltages with the battery as the main supply.
v) With the AC supply fuses out and the RTU operating on the battery supply, proceed with the SCADA
maintenance testing. This procedure will serve as a check on the battery on-load performance.
(The battery should be capable of providing up to four (4) hours of backup service during failure of
the AC supply).
This test identifies any inconsistencies in configuration, incorrect labeling of interposing/latching relays
and the integrity of the relay initiating contacts.
At the master station, initiate a control command to simulate the operation of a device.
ii) At the remote end, observe the operation of the correct interposing/latching relay, and verify the
change of state of the initiating contacts. **(Measure contact resistance or voltage presence??)
iii)
Continue with i) & ii) until all the control points are checked.
Select-Before-Operate
This type of command has a three-step sequence:
1. Device selection
2. Operation selection
3. Operation execution
This method is used to minimize the possibility of inadvertent operation. SBO commands permit the
operator to examine the requested action for security. When the operator selects a device, he waits for
confirmation of device selection and if he is satisfied he can request its operation. SBO controls are
timed. If the delay between device selection and device operation is too long, then the control sequence
will be aborted and the selection will be cancelled.
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To check the alarm and status points, continue with the following steps -:
i)
Identify the relay contact points listed on the Schedule of SCADA Points data sheet and ensure the
correct panel location.
ii) For a point activated by a normally open contact, jumper the contact momentarily with a fused lead
and verify the correct alarm description at the master end.
iii) For a point triggered by a normally close contact, disconnect one conductor and verify the correct
alarm point description at the master end.
iv) Continue steps i), ii) & iii) until all the status points are checked.
The test is done using a voltage calibrator meter. 0-5V can be injected at the analog input point to
verify that the point is calibrated accurately. 5V represent full scale deflection.
3.0 Restoration
Approximately four hours after the battery has been on load, restore the AC supply fuses and measure
the as left voltage reading of the RTU power supply.
Control isolating switches are restored to their normal position; by first measuring across the open
switch to confirm no tripping potential exist before closing the switch.
Record the work done in the station logbook and inform the controlling authority that the RTU is back
in-service.
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The engineer fills out a work request sheet and assigns it a number.
He then gives it the SCADA supervisor. The supervisor plans out the work with his technicians. The job
can be split among the technician depending one it complexity and size. The job most likely is divided in
to sub tasks and may or may not be completed in a day.
He then issues Daily Job Instruction Sheets that outline to the technician their role in getting the job
done. These forms contain the work request number for tracking of jobs and accountability. Thus a
work request can have multiple Daily Job Instruction Sheets in getting the job done.
When the job is complete all sheets are signed by the supervisor and return to the engineer for review
and ultimate his signature of approval to indicate a successful completion of the requested job.
All documents associated with the job are filed away for records keeping.
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