-H=ID=LB=RG-

Helmut Kipphan (Ed.)

Handbook
of Print Media
Technologies and Production Methods

Including 1275 figures, mostly in color

and 92 tables

Springer

XIII

Table of Contents

Fundamentals

1.1
1.1.1
1.1.1.1
1.1.1.2
1.1.1.3
1.1.1.4
1.1.1.5
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.1.4
1.1.5
1.1.5.1

Communication Technologies
Print Media
Books
Magazines
Newspapers
Brochures
Other Printed Media
Electronic Media
Multimedia
Distribution and Market Volume
Trends and Scenarios for the Future
Changes in the Traditional
Printing Sector
Integration of New Media

4
4
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
8
10

Production of Print Media

Layout, Typography, Graphic Design
Type
Typography
Graphic Design
Prepress
Printing
Postpress/Finishing
Digital Production Equipment
in the Workflow
Premedia

14
15
15
19
23
24
29
33

Printing Technologies
Overview of Printing Technologies
Printing Technologies with
a Printing Master
Letterpress/Flexographic Printing
Gravure Printing
Lithography/Offset Printing
Screen Printing
Printing Technologies without
a Master (NIP Technologies)
Electrophotography
Ink Jet
Printing Systems based on Non-Impact
Printing Technologies

40
40

1.1.5.2
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.1.1
1.2.1.2
1.2.1.3
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.2.4
1.2.5
1.2.6
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.2.1
1.3.2.2
1.3.2.3
1.3.2.4
1.3.3
1.3.3.1
1.3.3.2
1.3.3.3

10
11

35
38

41
45
48
52
55
58
60
63
65

1.4
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
1.4.4.1
1.4.4.2
1.4.4.3
1.4.5
1.4.5.1
1.4.5.2
1.5
1.5.1
1.5.2
1.5.2.1
1.5.2.2
1.5.2.3
1.5.2.4
1.5.2.5
1.5.2.6
1.5.2.7
1.5.2.8

Print Quality
Color/Color Theory
Color Image Composition
Halftone Process/Screening
Quality Control/Measurement
Techniques
Color Measurement
Color Register
Measurement of Gloss
Surface Finishing
Characteristics of Surface Finishing
Surface Finishing Techniques

68
68
79
90
99
100
108
110
111
111
113
117
117
130
130
137
137
139
139
139
140

1.5.3

Print Media Materials

Substrates
Printing Inks
Structure and Requirements
Offset Printing Inks
Gravure Printing Inks
Flexographic Printing Inks
Letterpress Printing Inks
Screen Printing Inks
Pad Printing Inks
Inks for Non-Impact Printing
Technologies
Varnishes

1.6
1.6.1
1.6.2
1.6.2.1
1.6.2.2
1.6.2.3

Printing Presses and Printing Systems

General Structure
Designs for Multicolor Printing
Sheet-fed Printing Presses
Web-fed Printing Presses
Packaging Printing Presses

145
145
150
150
154
159

1.7
1.7.1
1.7.1.1
1.7.1.2
1.7.1.3
1.7.2
1.7.2.1
1.7.2.2
1.7.2.3
1.7.3

Drying Methods
Physical Drying (Absorption)
Infrared (IR) Drying
Evaporative Drying
Problems in Practical Operation
Chemical Drying/Curing
Oxidation
UV Drying/Curing
Electron Beam Drying/Curing (EBC)
Auxiliary Drying Techniques

166
166
169
170
172
173
173
173
175
176

140
142

Table of Contents

XIV

1.7.3.1
1.7.3.2
1.7.4

Powder Spraying
Silicone Application
Measuring Techniques

1.8

Products of Print Finishing

1.9

Aspects of Management and

Business Models
Production Options and Business
Models
The Value-added Chain (Production
Depth and Product Range)
Financing and Distribution Models
Media Business as a Technical Service
Coordination of Workflows
Lean Production and Lean Management . . .
Tracking
Quality Assurance
Production Layout
Material Flow
Capacity Planning
Personnel Deployment and Supply
of Utilities

1.9.1
1.9.1.1
1.9.1.2
1.9.1.3
1.9.2
1.9.2.1
1.9.2.2
1.9.2.3
1.9.3
1.9.3.1
1.9.3.2
1.9.3.3

,.

Printing Technologies with Permanent

Printing Master

2.1
2.1.1
2.1.1.1
2.1.1.2

Offset Printing
Basic Principles
Process
Printing Plates, Printing Ink, Dampening
Solution
Inking Unit, Dampening Unit, Printing
Unit
Print Quality
Sheet-fed Offset Printing
Paper Travel
Feeders
Printing Units
Sheet Reversal/Perfecting
Delivery
Drying
Print Enhancement and In-line Finishing . .
Press Architecture (Special Designs)
Web-fed Offset Printing
Press and System Concepts (Components) . .
Web Travel (Infeed and Further
Processing)
Printing Unit
Folders and Print Product Variations
Newspaper Printing
Remote Control, Measurement and
Control Technology/Systems
Press Remote Control Systems
Color Measurement and Control Systems . .
Register Measurement and Control
Inspection of the Printed Image

2.1.1.3
2.1.1.4
2.1.2
2.1.2.1
2.1.2.2
2.1.2.3
2.1.2.4
2.1.2.5
2.1.2.6
2.1.2.7
2.1.2.8
2.1.3
2.1.3.1
2.1.3.2
2.1.3.3
2.1.3.4
2.1.3.5
2.1.4
2.1.4.1
2.1.4.2
2.1.4.3
2.1.4.4

176
176
176

2.1.4.5

180

2.1.5
2.1.5.1
2.1.5.2
2.1.5.3
2.1.5.4
2.1.5.5
2.1.5.6
2.1.6

185
185
186
188
190
190
190
192
195
197
197
199
200

206
206
206
209
213
223
226
226
229
237
244
247
251
254
257
260
260
276
281
286
292
297
298
300
307
308

2.1.4.6

2.1.6.1
2.1.6.2
2.1.7
2.1.7.1
2.1.7.2
2.1.7.3
2.1.7.4

In-line Print Quality Measurement and

Control Systems
The State of the Art in Remote Control,
Measurement and Control Systems
Automation in Print Media Production . . . .
Wash-up Procedures
Plate Changing
Sheet Size and Paper Travel Adjustment . . . .
Ink Feed Presetting in the Printing U n i t . . . .
Ink and Dampening Solution Supply
Makeready for Print Production
Examples of Offset Printing Presses and
Production Systems
Sheet-fed Offset Printing Presses
Web-fed Offset Printing Presses/Systems . . .
Potential for Further Development
Print Quality
Offset Printing Process
Drying
Automation

2.2
2.2.1
2.2.1.1
2.2.1.2
2.2.1.3

312
317
319
320
321
323
325
328
329
333
333
338
354
354
355
356
357

Gravure Printing
Process
Gravure Cylinder Manufacture
Gravure Cylinder Imaging
Storage and Changing of Gravure
Cylinders
2.2.1.4 Impression Roller
2.2.1.5 Inking Unit and Doctor Blade
2.2.1.6 Drying
2.2.1.7 Circumferential and Lateral Register
2.2.1.8 Magazine Turner Bars Superstructure
2.2.1.9 Gravure Printing Folders
2.2.1.10 Reel Stand
2.2.2
Examples of Gravure Printing Systems
2.2.3
Gravure Printing in the Packaging
Industry
2.2.4
Potential for Further Development

360
360
360
363

2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2

395
395

366
368
369
372
372
374
374
377
377
384
391

2.3.4

Letterpress Printing
Basic Principles
Letterpress Printing (Process and
Applications)
Flexography
Process
Printing Unit
Examples of Flexographic Printing
Presses
Potential for Further Development

404
407

2.4
2.4.1
2.4.1.1
2.4.1.2
2.4.2
2.4.2.1
2.4.2.2

Screen Printing
Basic Principles/Process
Platemaking
Printing Process
Applications
Screen Printing on Flat Surfaces
Screen Printing on Curved Surfaces

409
409
410
414
416
416
417

2.3.3
2.3.3.1
2.3.3.2
2.3.3.3

396
397
397
401

Table of Contents

2.4.3
2.4.3.1
2.4.3.2
2.4.3.3
2.4.4

Examples of Machinery
Equipment and Machinery tor Flat-bed
Screen Printing
Screen Printing Machinery for Printing
on Curved Surfaces
Rotary Screen Printing Presses
Potential for Further Development

Special Printing Technologies and

Product Specific Applications
2.5.1
Security Printing
2.5.1.1 Bank Notes
2.5.1.2 Postage Stamps, Stamps
2.5.1.3 Documents
2.5.2
Business Forms Printing
2.5.3
Label Printing
2.5.4
Pad Transfer Printing
2.5.4.1 Printing Process
2.5.4.2 Cliche Making
2.5.4.3 Pad, Ink, Object Holding Device
2.5.4.4 Multicolor Pad Transfer Printing,
Applications

417
417
418
418
422

2.5

Prepress

3.1
3.1.1
3.1.1.1
3.1.1.2
3.1.1.3
3.1.1.4
3.1.2

Conventional Prepress
Word Processing, Typesetting
Typesetting Procedure
Manuscript
Text Input
Word Processing and Typesetting
Text Output for the Production
of Film/Plate
Designs of Output Devices
Requirements on Films
Photomechanical Image Processing/
Reproduction
Use and Importance of Analog
Reproduction
Principles, Tasks of Photomechanical
Reproduction
Materials
Machines and Devices used in
Reproduction Technology
Production of Film Copies for
Single-Color Printing
Production of Film Copies for Multicolor
Printing
Electronic Reproduction Technology
(Repro Scanner)
Assembly
Page Make-up
Sheet Assembly
Proofs/Test Print
Platemaking and Quality Control
General Information
Offset Printing

3.1.2.1
3.1.2.2
3.1.3
3.1.3.1
3.1.3.2
3.1.3.3
3.1.3.4
3.1.3.5
3.1.3.6
3.1.4
3.1.5
3.1.5.1
3.1.5.2
3.1.6
3.1.7
3.1.7.1
3.1.7.2

423
423
423
429
432
433
438
442
443
445
447
447

452
453
453
454
454
456
458
458
460
461
462
464
469
469
474
479
482
485
485
487
490
493
493
494

3.1.7.3
3.1.7.4
3.1.7.5
3.1.8
3.1.8.1
3.1.8.2
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.1.1
3.2.1.2
3.2.1.3
3.2.2
3.2.2.1
3.2.2.2
3.2.2.3
3.2.2.4
3.2.2.5
3.2.2.6
3.2.3
3.2.3.1
3.2.3.2
3.2.3.3
3.2.3.4
3.2.3.5
3.2.4
3.2.4.1
3.2.4.2
3.2.4.3
3.2.4.4
3.2.5
3.2.5.1
3.2.5.2
3.2.5.3
3.2.5.4
3.2.6
3.2.7
3.2.8
3.2.8.1
3.2.8.2
3.2.9
3.2.10
3.2.10.1
3.2.10.2
3.2.10.3
3.2.10.4
3.2.10.5
3.2.10.6
3.2.10.7
3.2.10.8
3.2.11

Letterpress Printing, Flexography

Gravure Printing
Screen Printing
Color Management
Processes for the Correction of Tone Values
and Color Values
Offset-Gravure Conversion
Digital Prepress
Structure of Digital Printed Products
Technological Capabilities and
Workflows
Digital Description of the Printed Page . . . .
Digital Screening Processes
Quality Requirements
Input and Output Resolution
Transferable Tonal Range
Dot Shape
Tone Value Influences in Printing
Color Management Profiles
Image-dependent Effects and Corrections . .
Digital Photography
Origins of Digital Photography
Image Scanning with Digital Cameras
Demands on the Resolution
Special Features of Digital Cameras
Digital Photography and
Color Management
Digitizing Originals (Scanner)
Scanner Designs and Models
D r u m Scanners
Flat-bed Scanners
Digitizing and Redigitizing
Sheet Assembly and Imposition
Page Make-up and Sheet Assembly
Full-Sheet Output
Imposition through Software
Imposition Workflows
Raster Image Processor (RIP)
Storage Media
Networks
Network Concepts and Components
Working with Networks
Data Formats
Color Management
The Image Reproduction Process
using Color Management
Production of Color Profiles
Structure of Color Profiles
Connection of Color Profiles
Rendering Intent
Color Management and the
Production of Proofs
Color Management for Images
on the Internet
Color Management and Standardization . . .
Digital Proof

497
498
498
499
500
501
503
503
503
505
508
513
514
516
517
518
519
519
520
520
521
523
524
525
525
526
529
529
531
532
533
533
534
537
540
545
547
547
549
550
555
555
555
557
558
560
561
562
562
562

XV

XVI

Table of Contents

3.2.11.1
3.2.11.2
3.2.11.3
3.2.11.4
3.2.11.5
3.2.12
3.2.12.1
3.2.12.2
3.2.12.3

Digital Proofing Processes

,.
Soft Proof
Hard Proof
Color Management Concepts
Preflight Check
Film Production and Platemaking
Computer to Film Systems
Computer to Plate Systems
Computer to Film and Computer to Plate
in the Prepress Workflow

563
563
563
566
570
570
570
573

4.4.2.1
4.4.2.2

4.5
4.5.1
4.5.2

573
4.5.3

Computer to ... Technologies

4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3

Survey of the Technologies

Computer to Film
Computer to Plate
Computer to Press (Direct Imaging and
Computer to Print)
The Use of Computer to ... Technologies
and Networking for the Production
of Print Media

4.1.4

4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.2.1
4.3.2.2
4.3.2.3
4.3.3
4.3.4
4.3.5
4.3.6
4.3.7
4.3.8
4.3.9
4.3.10
4.4
4.4.1

4.4.1.1
4.4.1.2
4.4.2

Computer to Film
Principles and Equipment
Film Material
Computer to Plate/to Cylinder/to Screen . .
Introduction
Technology of Computer to Plate
Systems for Offset Printing
Design Principles
Imaging Methods and Plate Punching
Computer to Plate Systems for Offset
Printing
Computer to Plate for Flexographic
Printing
Computer to Cylinder for
Gravure Printing
Computer to Screen for Screen Printing . . .
Computer to Plate Workflow
Rise in Quality as a Result of Computer
to Plate
Productivity and Economic Efficiency
Printing Plates for Digital Imaging
Trends in Computer to Plate
Computer to Press/Direct Imaging
Computer to Press/Direct Imaging
with Removal of the Master for each
Print Job
Computer to Press/Direct Imaging
Printing Systems
Expansion and Comparison of Systems . . . .
Computer to Press/Direct Imaging
Printing Systems with Re-imageable
Master

4.5.4
581
583
583
584

588
593
593
594
597
597
598
598
601
604
608
611
611
612
614
615
616
623

Concepts for Re-imageable Masters with

Material Application/Ablation
Re-imageable Printing Plate Systems
without Material Application
Computer to Print
Printing Systems based on
Electrophotography
Printing Systems based on Ionography,
Magnetography, and Ink Jet
Design Principles of Computer to Print
Systems
Digital Printing

Printing Technologies without a Printing

Plate (NIP Technologies)

5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2

Principles and Basic Components

Computer to Press/to Print Technology
Non-Impact Printing Technologies
(Overview)
Printing Process and Functional
Components in NIP Technologies
Digitally Controlled Image Creation
in NIP Technologies
System Concepts/Architecture of
Computer to Print Systems
Inks for Non-Impact Printing
Processes
Components for Computer to Print
Systems

5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5
5.1.6
5.1.7

5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.2.5
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3

643
652
657
658
664
665
672

677
677
678
679
679
681
685
687

Electrophotography
Principle of Electrophotography
Imaging Systems
Inking Unit (Developing Unit)
and Toner
Fixing and Cleaning
Conception of the Printing Unit

689
689
691

Ionography
Printing Unit
Imaging System and the Principle
of Ionography
Printing Unit Concepts and Printing
Systems based on Ionography

701
701

692
696
698

702
703

627

628

5.4
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.4.3

628
638
5.5
5.5.1
641

Magnetography
Principle of Magnetography
Imaging System for Magnetography
Examples of Applications/Printing
Systems

706
706
708

Ink Jet
Overview of Ink Jet Technologies
and Processes

711

709

711

Table of Contents

5.5.2
5.5.3
5.5.4
5.5.5

Continuous Ink Jet

,a
Drop on Demand Ink Jet Technologies
Structure of Ink Jet Arrays
Printing Systems based on Ink Jet
Technology for Multicolor Printing
(Selection)

714
715
723

731

5.6.2
5.6.3

Thermography
Overview of Thermography
Technologies
Thermal Transfer Printing Systems
Thermal Sublimation Printing Systems

731
734
738

5.7

Electrography

742

5.8

Photography

746

5.9
5.9.1
5.9.2
5.9.3
5.9.4

"X"-Graphy
Tonerjet Printing Technology
Elcography
Direct Imaging Printing Technology
Assessment of New Types of
NIP Technologies

749
750
752
754

5.6
5.6.1

725

756

Hybrid Printing Systems

6.1

Overview of Printing Methods and

Technologies

761

Combination Variants of Hybrid Printing

Systems

763

6.2

6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4

6.3.5

6.4

System Concepts and Examples of

Implementations
Hybrid Printing Systems combining
Conventional Printing Technologies
Hybrid Printing Systems combining
NIP Technologies
Hybrid Printing Systems combining
Conventional and NIP Technologies
Hybrid Printing Systems combining
Computer to Press/Direct Imaging
with NIP Technologies
Hybrid Printing Systems combining
Conventional Printing Technologies
with Computer to Press Technologies
Hybrid Techniques for In-line and Off-line
Print Production

Print Finishing Processes

7.1

Classification of Print Finishing

Processes

7.2

Process Steps and Procedures for

Print Finishing

765
765
765
766

768

769

771

775

782

7.2.1
7.2.1.1
7.2.1.2
7.2.1.3
7.2.1.4
7.2.2
7.2.2.1
7.2.2.2
7.2.2.3
7.2.3
7.2.3.1
7.2.3.2

Cutting and Die-Cutting

Characterization of the Processes
Cutting with Guillotine Cutters
Cutting Webs
Die-Cutting
Folding
Characterization of the Process
Folding with Folding Machines
Folding Bookbinding Sheets
Forwarding
Characterization of the Process
Forwarding Process in Industrial
Finishing
7.2.4
Assembling into Blocks
7.2.4.1 Characterization of the Process
7.2.4.2 Gathering
7.2.4.3 Gathering into Single-layer Blocks
7.2.5
Binding Blocks
7.2.5.1 Characterization of the Process
7.2.5.2 Thread-Stitching Books
7.2.5.3 Perfect Binding
7.2.5.4 Thread-Sealing
7.2.5.5 Wire-Stitching
7.2.6
Trimming
7.2.6.1 Characterization of the Process
7.2.6.2 Trimming Book Blocks and Brochures
7.2.7
Edge Treatments on Books and
Brochures
7.2.7.1 Characterization of the Process
7.2.7.2 Process Sections of Block Edge
Treatments
7.2.8
Case Making
7.2.8.1 Characterization of the Process
7.2.8.2 Producing Book Covers
7.2.9
Book Finishing
7.2.9.1 Characterization of the Process
7.2.9.2 The Process Sections of Book Finishing
7.2.10 Packaging
7.2.10.1 Characterization of the Process
7.2.10.2 Packaging of Books and Brochures
7.3
7.3.1
7.3.1.1
7.3.1.2
7.3.1.3
7.3.2
7.3.2.1
7.3.2.2
7.3.2.3
7.3.2.4
7.3.2.5
7.3.2.6
7.3.2.7

Process Structuring in Print Finishing

Basic Principles of Process Structuring
Production Flow in Print Finishing
Interlinking Modules in Print Finishing . . . .
Temporary Storage of Folded Sheets
Production Lines in Print Finishing
(Examples)
Cutting Lines for Labels
Production Lines for Mailings and Folded
Products
Newspaper Mailroom
Mailroom for Magazines
Binding Lines for Multi-layer
Brochures
Production Lines for Hardcovers
Finishing Short Print Runs

782
782
782
789
791
796
796
796
806
811
811
812
816
816
816
821
825
825
826
830
837
839
842
842
842
844
844
845
848
848
850
853
853
855
857
857
858
862
862
862
863
867
870
870
873
876
882
886
887
891

XVII

XVIII

Table of Contents

7.3.2.8
7.3.2.9

Bag Production Systems

Folding Boxes

Material and Data Flow

in Print Media Production

8.1
8.1.1
8.1.1.1
8.1.1.2
8.1.1.3

894
897

Material Logistics
Logistics around the Press
Supply of Printing Plates
Paper Reel Logistics
Ink, Dampening Solution, and
Air Supply
Waste Disposal
Paper Pile Logistics for Sheet-fed
Offset Presses
Logistics in Printing Companies
Procurement Logistics in Printing
Companies
Inventory Management in Printing
Companies
Production Logistics in Printing
Companies
Logistics in Publishing Houses

905
905
906
908

8.2
Networking and Data Flow
8.2.1
Network Concepts and Interfaces
8.2.2
Digital Workflow
8.2.2.1 Digital Workflow in Prepress
8.2.2.2 Digital Workflow and Digital
Printing (Computer to Press)
8.2.2.3 Digital Workflow: Advantages, Challenges,
and Possibilities
8.2.3
CIP3 for the Computer-Integrated
Manufacturing (CIM) of Printed
Products
8.2.4
Production Management/Monitoring
Systems
8.2.4.1 Purpose, Applications
8.2.4.2 Production Monitoring Systems

923
924
926
926

8.1.1.4
8.1.1.5
8.1.2
8.1.2.1
8.1.2.2
8.1.2.3
8.1.3

Production Strategies for Print Media

9.1
9.1.1

Production Concepts
Strategic Orientation of
Printing Companies
Centralized and Distributed
Production
Centralized Production at One Site
Distributed Production at Several Sites
Integrated Production, Interlinking
of Systems
Print on Demand
Personalization

9.1.2
9.1.2.1
9.1.2.2
9.1.2.3
9.1.3
9.1.4
9.2

Production Systems

10

Comparison of Printing and Production

Technologies for Print Media

10.1

Introduction

963

10.2

Overview of Methods and Technologies

for the Production of Print Media

965

10.3

Production Methods and Strategies

969

10.4

Criteria for the Selection of Printing

Technologies and Production Methods . . . .

973

10.5.1
10.5.2
10.5.3
10.5.4

Performance Criteria of Printing Systems

and Trends in Print Media Production . . . .
Quality and Productivity/Run Length
Productivity
Production Costs per Printed Page
Trends in Print Media Production

975
975
976
976
978

11

Electronic Media and Multimedia

11.1

Media Concepts

983

11.2
11.2.1
11.2.2
11.2.3
11.2.4
11.2.5
11.2.6
11.2.7
11.2.8
11.2.9
11.2.10

Data Types, Data Structures and their

Applications
Text
Graphics
Image
Audio
Video
Animation
Virtual Reality (VR)
Augmented Reality
Multimedia
Document

985
985
986
986
989
989
989
989
990
991
991

11.3
11.3.1
11.3.2
11.3.3
11.3.4

Data Carriers
Hard Disk Storage Units
Rewritable, Removable Storage Units
CD-ROM and DVD r ROM
Magnetic Tapes

993
993
993
993
994

11.4
11.4.1
11.4.2
11.4.3

Networks
Internet
Intranet, Extranet
Broad Band Networks

995
995
996
996

11.5
11.5.1
11.5.2

Data Compression
Compressed Data Archives
Compression Processes for Image
Data Files
Compression Processes for Audio
Compression Processes for Video

998
998

910
911
10.5
911
914
915
917

918
920

928
929

930
934
934
935

939
939
941
941
943
944
945
948
952

11.5.3
11.5.4

998
999
999

Table of Contents

11.6
11.6.1
11.6.2
11.6.3
11.6.4

Output Devices for Electronic Media

and Multimedia
Screen Output
Projection Equipment
Stereo Output
Projection Directly to the Eyes

1001
1001
1002
1002
1003

13.2
13.2.1
13.2.1.1
13.2.1.2
13.2.1.3

11.7

Multimedia Applications

1004
13.2.1.4

12

Print Media and Electronic Media

13.2.1.5

12.1

Examples of Print Media and

Electronic Media

13.2.1.6

12.2

12.3

The Production of Print Media and

Electronic Media

1007
13.2.1.7
13.2.1.8
1010

"Electronic" Books, "Electronic" Ink,

"Electronic" Paper
"Electronic" Books (E-Books)
"Electronic" Ink (E-Ink),
"Electronic" Paper (E-Paper)

1015

12.4

Market Shares and Trends

1020

13

Special Topics

13.1
13.1.1

History, Education, Research

1029
History of Technology
(Press and Prepress)
1029
Offset Printing and Offset
Printing Presses
1029
Gravure Printing and Gravure
Printing Presses
1032
Letterpress Printing and Letterpress
Printing Presses
1034
The Historical Relationship of the
Printing Press Manufacturers
1041
Prepress
1043
Education and Qualifications
(Career Profiles, Courses)
1048
The Printing Industry as an Employer
1048
Educational Requirements and Options . . . . 1049
Vocational Training
1050
Course of Study
1052
Scholarships for International
Study Programs
1056
Heidelberg Print Media Academy
1057
Science and Research
(selected Examples)
1059
Subjects, Methods, and Cooperations
1059
Inking Units
1060
Printing Units
1063
Sheet Transfer
1067
Industrial Joint Research
1070

12.3.1
12.3.2

13.1.1.1
13.1.1.2
13.1.1.3
13.1.1.4
13.1.1.5
13.1.2
13.1.2.1
13.1.2.2
13.1.2.3
13.1.2.4
13.1.2.5
13.1.2.6
13.1.3
13.1.3.1
13.1.3.2
13.1.3.3
13.1.3.4
13.1.3.5

1013
1013

13.2.2
13.2.2.1
13.2.2.2
13.2.2.3
13.2.2.4
13.2.2.5
13.2.2.6
13.2.2.7
13.2.3

13.3

Environment, Safety, Standardization

Environmental Protection in the Printing
Industry
Introduction
Environmental Protection in Offset
Printing
Environmental Protection in Gravure
Printing
Environmental Protection in Letterpress
and Flexographic Printing
Environmental Protection in Screen
Printing
Environment-oriented Business
Management
Legal Foundations
Support and Advice for Environmentrelevant Measures
Safety Resources
Health and Safety
International and European
Directives (Laws) and Standards
Safety-conscious Design
Requirements for Separating Protective
Devices
Hazard Analysis, Risk Assessment
CE and GS Marks of Conformity
Intended Use
Industry Standards, Codes of Practice
and National/International Standards

13.3.1
13.3.2
13.3.3
13.3.4
13.3.5
13.3.6
13.3.7

Markets and Development Trends for

Print Media
Newspaper Market
Magazine Market
Book Market
Catalog Market
Advertising Printing Market
Packaging Market
SOHO Market

14

Appendix

14.1
14.1.1
14.1.2

Explanation of Specific Terms

Glossary
Abbreviations and their Meaning
(Selection)
Abbreviations for Source References
Information

14.1.3

14.2
14.2.1
14.2.2

Physical/Technical Quantities
and Conversions
Quantities and Units in the Si-System
(Selection)
Conversion between the Si-System and the
Imperial System (Metric/Imperial)

1076
1076
1076
1078
1079
1080
1080
1080
1081
1083
1084
1084
1085
1086
1089
1091
1091
1093
1093

1102
1102
1105
1106
1107
1107
1108
1108

1115
1115
1125
1128

1130
1130
1133

XIX

XX

Table of Contents

14.3
14.3.1
14.3.2

Bibliography
, 1134
List of References to Readings on the
Chapters and Sections in this H a n d b o o k . . . 1134
Selected Literature on Print Media related
Topics (General Bibliography and
Individual Topics)
1135

14.5

14.5.1
14.5.2
14.5.3

14.4
14.4.1
14.4.2
14.4.3
14.4.4
14.4.5
14.4.6
14.4.7
14.4.8
14.4.9

Standards (Selection)
Prepress
Printing Inks
Substrates
Materials (Printing Plates, Blankets)
Printing Technologies and Printing
Presses
Finishing
Quality, Quality Specifications, and
Measurement Techniques
Safety of Machinery
Environmental Management

1137
1137
1138
1139
1140
1140
1141

14.6

14.6.1
14.6.2
14.7

1141
1143
1143

15

Research Associations a n d Educational

Institutions for the Graphic Arts Industry
(Selection)
Universities
Research Institutes and Research
Centers
Institutions for Teaching/Training
and Education

1150

Associations a n d Organizations in the

Printing and Publishing Industry
(Selection)
Associations and Organizations
Industrial Joint Research

1153
1153
1166

International Conferences for the

Graphic Arts Industry (Selection)

1168

Subject Index

1173

1145
1145
1147