C: I C V V: O Debook Nclusio ON Riter Ria and Ariables S

CODEBOOK:INCLUSIO
ONCRITER
RIAANDVARIABLESS
Dece
ember20113
Contents
Contents........................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................3
TheOriginsoftheGTD............................................................................................3
CurrentDataCollectionMethodology(2012)........................................................6
GTDDefinitionofTerrorismandInclusionCriteria................................................7
AdditionalFilteringMechanism:DoubtTerrorismProper?................................8
SingleIncidentDetermination................................................................................8
DATABASEVARIABLES.................................................................................................10
I. GTDIDandDate............................................................................................10
II. IncidentInformation.....................................................................................12
III. IncidentLocation...........................................................................................14
IV. AttackInformation........................................................................................21
V. WeaponInformation.....................................................................................25
VI. TargetsandPerpetrators..............................................................................29
VII.CasualtiesandConsequences.......................................................................45
VIII.AdditionalInformationandSources..............................................................53
APPENDIXI:COUNTRYLEVELSTATISTICSFOR1993..................................................60
2
GLOBAL TERRORISM DATABASE CODEBOOK
DECEMBER 2013
INTRODUCTION
ThisdocumentreflectsthecollectionandcodingrulesfortheGlobalTerrorismDatabase(GTD),
maintainedbytheNationalConsortiumfortheStudyofTerrorismandResponsestoTerrorism
(START).Itistheresultofadeliberativeandconsultativeprocessthatwasinitiallyundertaken
bytheGTDAdvisoryBoardprimarilybetweenJanuaryandMay2006.Subsequentrevisionsto
thiscodebookhavebeenmadebyGTDstaff,withtheguidanceoftheAdvisoryBoard.Key
changes,includingtheadditionandremovalofcertainvariablesandvalues,aredescribed
below.
Thiscodebookisdividedintotwobroadareas.First,thisintroductionexplainstheoriginsofthe
GTDandkeydecisionsmadeduringthedevelopmentoftheGTD.Ourgoalistobeas
transparentaspossibleregardingthedatacollectionmethodology,withacommitmentto
creatingahighlycomprehensiveandconsistentterrorismincidentdataset.Wedescribethe
GTDsdefinitionofterrorism,inclusioncriteriaandotherdefinitionalfilteringmechanisms,and
thecurrentdatacollectionmethodology.BecausetheGTDisaterrorismincidentdatabase,the
introductionconcludesbydefiningsingleincidentdetermination.
Second,thecodebookoutlinestheeightcategoriesofvariablesthatconstitutetheGTDand
definesthepossiblevaluesofthevariables.ThesecategoriesincludetheGTDID,incidentdate,
incidentlocation,incidentinformation,attackinformation,target/victiminformation,
perpetratorinformation,perpetratorstatistics,claimsofresponsibility,weaponinformation,
casualtyinformation,consequences,kidnapping/hostagetakinginformation,additional
information,andsourceinformation.
Inaddition,usersfamiliarwiththeGTDsDataCollectionMethodologyareawarethatincidents
ofterrorismfrom1993arenotpresentintheGTDbecausetheywerelostpriortoSTARTs
compilationoftheGTDfrommultipledatacollectionefforts.Severaleffortsweremadetore
collecttheseincidentsfromoriginalnewssources.Unfortunately,duetothechallengesof
retrospectivedatacollectionforeventsthathappenednearly20yearsago,thenumberof1993
casesforwhichsourceswereidentifiedisonly15%ofestimatedattacks.Asaconsequencewe
excludeall1993attacksfromtheGTDdatatopreventusersfrommisinterpretingthelow
frequencyin1993asanactualcount.However,inanefforttoamelioratethisgap,AppendixI
providescountrylevelstatisticsforincidentsofterrorismforthatyear.Thesefigureswere
obtainedfromanearlyreportonthedatacompiledbeforethe1993fileswerelost.
TheOriginsoftheGTD
ThecurrentGTDistheproductofseveralphasesofdatacollectionefforts,eachrelyingon
publiclyavailable,unclassifiedsourcematerials.Theseincludemediaarticlesandelectronic
newsarchives,andtoalesserextent,existingdatasets,secondarysourcematerialssuchas
booksandjournals,andlegaldocuments.
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TheoriginalsetofincidentsthatcomprisetheGTDoccurredbetween1970and1997andwere
collectedbythePinkertonGlobalIntelligenceService(PGIS)aprivatesecurityagency.After
STARTcompleteddigitizingthesehandwrittenrecordsin2005,wecollaboratedwiththeCenter
forTerrorismandIntelligenceStudies(CETIS)tocontinuedatacollectionbeyond1997and
expandthescopeoftheinformationrecordedforeachattack.CETIScollectedGTDdatafor
terroristattacksthatoccurredfromJanuary1998throughMarch2008,afterwhichongoing
datacollectiontransitionedtotheInstitutefortheStudyofViolentGroups(ISVG).ISVG
continuedastheprimarycollectorofdataonattacksthatoccurredfromApril2008through
October2011.
Table:GTDDataCollectionPhasesbyCollectionInstitution
DatesofGTDAttacks
PGIS CETIS ISVG START
1/1/197012/31/1997
X
X
1/1/19983/31/2008
X
4/1/200810/31/2011
X
X
11/1/201112/31/2012(ongoing)
GTDstaffbasedatSTARTheadquartersattheUniversityofMarylandintegratedand
synthesizeddatacollectedacrosstheentire19702012timespanwiththegoalofensuringthat
thedefinitionsandmethodologyareasconsistentaspossibleacrossallphasesofdata
collection.Inaddition,GTDstaffatSTARTretroactivelycodedseveralkeyvariablesnot
originallyavailableforthePGIScases,conductednumerousqualitycontrolprojects,and
supplementeddatacollectionefforts.Thesesupplementaldatacollectioneffortsinvolve
systematicallycomparingavarietyofadditionalsourcesofterrorismincidentdatatotheGTD
toidentifyanymissingeventsthatsatisfyGTDinclusioncriteria.GTDstaffresearchthese
missingeventstoidentifyprimarysourcesofinformationandcodetheattackdetailsfor
additiontotheGTD.
BeginningwithcasesthatoccurredinNovember2011,allongoingGTDdatacollectionis
conductedbySTARTstaffattheUniversityofMaryland.Additionalinformationonthehistory
anddatacollectionmethodologyofthedatabasecanbefoundontheGTDwebsite.Giventhe
variedcontextofGTDdatacollection,usersofthedatabaseshouldnotethefollowinggeneral
practices:
LegacyissuesTheGTDnowincludesincidentsofterrorismfrom1970to2012,howevera
numberofnewvariableswereaddedtothedatabasebeginningwiththepost1997data
collectioneffort.Whereverpossible,valuesforthesenewvariableswereretroactivelycoded
fortheoriginalincidents,howeversomeofthenewvariablespertaintodetailsthatwerenot
recordedinthefirstphaseofdatacollection.Foranynewlyaddedvariablesthatwerenot
retroactivelycodedandthusonlyexistforpost1997casesandearliereventsaddedthrough
recentsupplementalcollectioneffortstheCodebooknotesthefollowing:
Note:Thisfieldispresentlyonlysystematicallyavailablewithincidentsoccurringafter1997.
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TransparencyThecriteriaandcodingsystemweredesignedtobecompletelytransparentand
availabletoallfutureusersofthedatabase.Assuch,thecommitmentwasmadetodescribe
codingdecisionswhereverpossible.
InclusivenessItwasrecognizedattheoutsetthatresearchersandpublicofficialsascribeto
varyingdefinitionsofterrorism.Thereforetheapproachthatwasadoptedwastocollectand
structuredatasuchthatitwouldbeusefultoasbroadanaudienceaspossible.Themethod
chosentoachievethiswastoerronthesideofinclusivenessinourcriteria,buttoincludein
thedatabasefilteringmechanismsthroughwhichuserscantruncatethedatasetaccordingto
thedefinitionofterrorismthatmeetstheirneeds.Insuchscenarios,theusercanfilterthedata
accordingtospecificcomponentsofestablisheddefinitionsofterrorism.Thesefiltering
methodsareexploredbelow.
Finally,thisGTDCodebooksupersedespriorcodebooks.Withonlyminorexceptions,however,
theuserwillnotethatvariablesandvariablevaluesappliedinthecurrentGTDareconsistent
withthoseusedinformerversionsoftheGTD.Thefollowingchangeshavebeenmadetothe
variables/values:
ChangesmadeinDecember2013
Theadditionoftargetsubtype1,targetsubtype2,andtargetsubtype3forallcases
Theadditionofinternational/domesticvariables:INT_LOG,INT_IDEO,INT_MISC,and
INT_ANY.
ChangesmadepriortoSeptember2012
Theadditionoflatitudeandlongitude,andgeocodingspecificityforaselectsetofregions.
Theremovalofthesituationofmultipartyconflictandclaimofresponsibilityconfirmed
variablesduetolackofdefinitionalclarityandinconsistentcoding.
Changingalternativedesignationcategoriestoimprovethemutualexclusivityofcategories.
Seebelowfornewvalues;thesechangesarereflectedinallcasesforwhichthisvariable
wascollected.
Adjustmentstoweaponsubtypecategories:
o CombinedtwocategoriesKnifeandSharpObjectOtherThanKnifeintoone
categoryKnivesandOtherSharpObjects
o Addedtwonewcategories,Dynamite/TNTandStickyBombunderthe
headingofBombs/Dynamite/Explosives
TheadditionofUnarmedAssaultasavaluefortheAttackTypevariable.
TheadditionofViolentPoliticalPartiesasavaluefortheTarget/VictimTypevariable.
Duetotherarityofrelevantincidents,theremovalofAgricultureasavalueforthe
Target/VictimTypevariable.Itisnowsubsumedunderappropriateextantvalues.
ThecodingofincidentsthatoccurredintheWestBankandGazaStripasseparatefrom
Israel.
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TheremovaloftheTarget/VictimEntityvariables(entity1,entity2,entity3)dueto
redundancywithTarget/VictimTypevariables(targtype1,targtype2,targtype3).
ThereplacementofPerpetratorGroup(s)Suspected/Unconfirmed(guncertain)with
groupspecificversionsofthesamevariable(guncertain1,guncertain2,guncertain3).
ThesechangeshavebeenappliedretroactivelytoallrelevantGTDdata.
CurrentDataCollectionMethodology(2012)
Inordertomaximizetheefficiency,accuracy,andcompletenessofGTDcollection,theGTD
teamatSTARTcombinesautomatedandmanualdatacollectionstrategies.Theprocessbegins
withauniverseofoveronemillionmediaarticlesonanytopicpublisheddailyworldwidein
ordertoidentifytherelativelysmallsubsetofarticlesthatdescribeterroristattacks.Thisis
accomplishedbyapplyingcustomizedkeywordfilterstothefirehoseofmediaarticles
availablethroughasubscriptiontotheMetabaseApplicationProgrammingInterface(API)
providedbyMoreoverTechnologies,Inc.TheEnglishlanguagecontentfromMetabaseis
supplementedwitharticlesdownloadedfromtheOpenSourceCenter(www.opensource.gov),
whichincludesEnglishlanguagetranslationsofsourcesfromover160countriesinover80
languages.Thisfilterisolatesaninitialpoolofpotentiallyrelevantarticles,approximately
200,000permonth.Thesearticlesarethenprocessedusingmoresophisticatednatural
languageprocessing(NLP)andmachinelearningtechniquestofurtherrefinetheresults,
removeduplicatearticles,andidentifyarticlesthatarelikelytoberelevant.TheGTDteam
manuallyreviewsthissecondsubsetofarticlestoidentifytheuniqueeventsthatsatisfythe
GTDinclusioncriteriaandaresubsequentlyresearchedandcodedaccordingtothe
specificationsoftheGTDCodebook.Eachmonth,GTDresearchersandresearchassistantsat
STARTreviewapproximately12,000to16,000articlesandidentifyapproximately600to1,200
attackstobeaddedtotheGTD.
ThetransitiontoentirelySTARTbaseddatacollectionpromptedthedevelopmentof
customizeddocumentmanagementanddatacollectiontoolsthatstreamlinetheprocessfrom
beginningtoend.TheDataManagementSystem(DMS)integratesthetasksofsourcearticle
managementandevaluation,caseidentification,andcasecodingintoasingleonlineplatform.
Itappliesstateofthearttechnologiestoeachstageofthedatacollectionprocess,provides
staffwithauserfriendlyinterfacetailoredforGTDdatacollection,andsupportsaspecialized
codingstrategywithseverallayersofqualitycontrol.
Thecodingstrategyreliesonsixcodingteamsthateachspecializeonaparticulardomainofthe
GTDCodebook.Thedomainsincludelocation,perpetrators,targets,weaponsandtactics,
casualtiesandconsequences,andgeneralinformation.Eachteamiscomprisedofthreetosix
undergraduateorgraduatestudentinternsledbyafulltimeresearchassistant,andis
responsibleforcodingthedomainspecificvariablesforeacheventintheGTD.Thedomain
teamleaderisresponsiblefortrainingandsupervisionofteammembers,andensuringthe
qualityofthecodeddata.Thisapproachguaranteesthateachpieceofinformationiscoded
andreviewedbysomeonewhoiscloselyfamiliarwiththeparticularcodingguidelinesforthe
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domain,aswellastherelevantcontext.Forexample,theperpetratordomainteamwillhave
greaterfamiliaritywithactiveperpetratororganizations,theirnamingconventions,aliases,
spellingvariations,factions,andsplinterorganizations,makingthemwellsuitedto
systematicallyrecordinformationontheorganizationsattributedresponsibilityforanattack.
AlthoughthedatacollectionprocessrecentlydevelopedattheUniversityofMarylandhas
improvedtheinternalconsistencyandcomprehensivenessoftheGTD,aswithanyshiftindata
collectionmethodologyitiscriticaltorecognizetheimplicationsforanalysis.Thefirstyearof
datacollectedunderthenewprocess,2012,representsadramaticincreaseinthetotalnumber
ofworldwideterroristattacksover2011.Althoughthisincreaselikelyreflectsrecentpatterns
ofterrorism,itisalsopartlyaresultoftheimprovedefficiencyofthedatacollectionprocess.
TheuseofautomatedapproachestodocumentclassificationallowstheGTDteamtofocus
moretimereviewingonlythoseuniquesourcearticlesthatareclassifiedasrelevantby
machinelearningalgorithms.Asaresult,thesystemhasthecapacitytoincludeamuchbroader
anddeeperpoolofmediasourcesfromaroundtheworld.Itisalsoworthnotingthatthe
continuingrapidgrowthoftheinternetandnewsarchivesinparticularmakesaproductlike
Metabaseavailabletoresearchers,implicitlyimprovingaccesstoagreatervarietyofnational
andlocalsources.DespiteconsistencyoftheGTDdefinitionofterrorismandinclusioncriteria,
thisexponentialgrowthofavailablesourcematerialshasallowedforthecollectionofmore
comprehensivedataonterrorismthananypreviouseffort.TheGTDresearchteamwill
continuetoevaluatetheimpactofsourceavailabilityontrendsinthedatabasetobetteradvise
usersonimportantimplicationsforanalysis.WealsocontinuetoworktosupplementtheGTD
legacydatabackto1970tofurtherimproveitscompleteness.Formoreinformationonthe
currentdatacollectionmethodologyanditsimpactontheGTD,seetheSTARTDiscussionPoint
onTheBenefitsandDrawbacksofMethodologicalAdvancementsinDataCollectionand
Coding:InsightsfromtheGlobalTerrorismDatabase(GTD).
GTDDefinitionofTerrorismandInclusionCriteria
TheGTDdefinesaterroristattackasthethreatenedoractualuseofillegalforceandviolenceby
anonstateactortoattainapolitical,economic,religious,orsocialgoalthroughfear,coercion,
orintimidation.InpracticethismeansinordertoconsideranincidentforinclusionintheGTD,
allthreeofthefollowingattributesmustbepresent:
Theincidentmustbeintentionaltheresultofaconsciouscalculationonthepartofa
perpetrator.
Theincidentmustentailsomelevelofviolenceorthreatofviolenceincludingproperty
violence,aswellasviolenceagainstpeople.
Theperpetratorsoftheincidentsmustbesubnationalactors.Thisdatabasedoesnot
includeactsofstateterrorism.
Inaddition,atleasttwoofthefollowingthreecriteriamustbepresentforanincidenttobe
includedintheGTD:
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Criterion1:Theactmustbeaimedatattainingapolitical,economic,religious,orsocial
goal.Intermsofeconomicgoals,theexclusivepursuitofprofitdoesnotsatisfythis
criterion.Itmustinvolvethepursuitofmoreprofound,systemiceconomicchange.
Criterion2:Theremustbeevidenceofanintentiontocoerce,intimidate,orconveysome
othermessagetoalargeraudience(oraudiences)thantheimmediatevictims.Itistheact
takenasatotalitythatisconsidered,irrespectiveifeveryindividualinvolvedincarryingout
theactwasawareofthisintention.Aslongasanyoftheplannersordecisionmakers
behindtheattackintendedtocoerce,intimidateorpublicize,theintentionalitycriterionis
met.
Criterion3:Theactionmustbeoutsidethecontextoflegitimatewarfareactivities.Thatis,
theactmustbeoutsidetheparameterspermittedbyinternationalhumanitarianlaw
(particularlytheprohibitionagainstdeliberatelytargetingciviliansornoncombatants).
EachoftheselatterthreecriteriafilterscanbeemployedbytheuserviatheGTDsAdvanced
SearchPage.
AdditionalFilteringMechanism:DoubtTerrorismProper?
Theinclusioncriteriaaboveareevaluatedforeachcasetodetermineifitshouldbeaddedto
theGTD;howeverthereisoftendefinitionaloverlapbetweenterrorismandotherformsof
crimeandpoliticalviolence,suchasinsurgency,hatecrime,andorganizedcrime.Likewise,for
manycasesthereisinsufficientorconflictinginformationprovidedinsourcedocumentsto
allowcoderstomakeacleardeterminationregardingwhetherornottheinclusioncriteriaare
met.UsersoftheGTDcanfurthergoverntheparametersoftheirsearchresultsbyemploying
anadditionalterrorismdefinitionalfilter.
TheDoubtTerrorismProperfieldrecordsreservation,intheeyesofGTDanalysts,thatthe
incidentinquestionisexclusivelyterrorism.Suchuncertainty,however,wasnotdeemedtobe
sufficienttodisqualifytheincidentfrominclusionintotheGTD.Furthermore,sucha
determinationofdoubtissubsequentlycodedbyGTDanalystsasconformingtooneoffour
possiblealternativedesignations:1)Insurgency/GuerillaAction;2)OtherCrimeType;3)
Intra/Intergroupconflict;or4)LackofIntentionality;5)StateTerrorism.Asisthecasewiththe
criteriafiltersoutlinedabove,theDoubtTerrorismProperfilterisavailableforuseonthe
GTDsAdvancedSearchPage.NotethattheDoubtTerrorismProperdeterminationwasonly
routinelymadeforincidentsthatoccurredafter1997.
SingleIncidentDetermination
Incidentsoccurringinboththesamegeographicandtemporalpointwillberegardedasasingle
incident,butifeitherthetimeofoccurrenceofincidentsortheirlocationsarediscontinuous,
theeventswillberegardedasseparateincidents.
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Examples:
Fourtruckbombsexplodenearlysimultaneouslyindifferentpartsofamajorcity.This
representsfourincidents.
Abombgoesoff,andwhilepoliceareworkingonthescenethenextday,theyare
attackedbyterroristswithautomaticweapons.Thesearetwoseparateincidents,as
theywerenotcontinuous,giventhetimelagbetweenthetwoevents.
Agroupofmilitantsshootandkillfiveguardsataperimetercheckpointofapetroleum
refineryandthenproceedstosetexplosivesanddestroytherefinery.Thisisoneincident
sinceitoccurredinasinglelocation(thepetroleumrefinery)andwasonecontinuous
event.
AgroupofhijackersdivertsaplanetoSenegaland,whileatanairportinSenegal,shoots
twoSenegalesepolicemen.Thisisoneincident,sincethehijackingwasstillinprogress
atthetimeoftheshootingandhencethetwoeventsoccurredatthesametimeinthe
sameplace.
Iftheinformationavailableforacomplexeventdoesnotspecifyatimelagbetween,orthe
exactlocationsof,multipleterroristactivities,theeventisasingleincident.Ifanydiscontinuity
intimeorspaceisnoted,theeventiscomprisedofmultipleincidents.
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DATABASEVARIABLES
I. GTDIDandDate
GTDID
(eventid)
NumericVariable
IncidentsfromtheGTDfollowa12digitEventIDsystem.
First8numbersdaterecordedyyyymmdd.
Last4numberssequentialcasenumberforthegivenday(0001,0002etc).This
is0001unlessthereismorethanonecaseoccurringonthesamedate.
Forexample,anincidentintheGTDoccurringon25July1993wouldbenumberedas
199307250001.AnadditionalGTDcaserecordedforthesamedaywouldbe
199307250002.ThenextGTDcaserecordedforthatdaywouldbe199307250003,
etc.
Inrarecases,correctionstothedateofaGTDattackaremade.Inordertomaintain
stableEventIDnumbers,datechangesarenotreflectedintheEventID.
Year
(iyear)
NumericVariable
Thisfieldcontainstheyearinwhichtheincidentoccurred.Inthecaseofincident(s)
occurringoveranextendedperiod,thefieldwillrecordtheyearwhentheincidentwas
initiated.
Whentheyearoftheincidentisunknown,thiswillberecordedas0.
Month
(imonth)
NumericVariable
Thisfieldcontainsthenumberofthemonthinwhichtheincidentoccurred.Inthecase
ofincident(s)occurringoveranextendedperiod,thefieldwillrecordthemonthwhen
theincidentwasinitiated.
Whentheexactmonthoftheincidentisunknown,thiswillberecordedas0.
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Day
(iday)
NumericVariable
Thisfieldcontainsthenumericdayofthemonthonwhichtheincidentoccurred.Inthe
caseofincident(s)occurringoveranextendedperiod,thefieldwillrecordthedaywhen
theincidentwasinitiated.
Whentheexactdayoftheincidentisunknown,thefieldisrecordedas0.
ApproximateDate
(approxdate)
TextVariable
Whenevertheexactdateoftheincidentisnotknownorremainsunclear,thisfieldis
usedtorecordtheapproximatedateoftheincident.
Ifthedayoftheincidentisnotknown,thenthevalueforDayis0.For
example,ifanincidentoccurredinJune1978andtheexactdayisnotknown,
thenthevaluefortheDayfieldis0andthevaluefortheApproximate
DatefieldisJune1978.
Ifthemonthisnotknown,thenthevaluefortheMonthfieldis0.For
example,ifanincidentoccurredinthefirsthalfof1978,andthevaluesforthe
dayandthemontharenotknown,thenthevaluefortheDayandMonth
fieldswillbothbe0andthevaluefortheApproximateDatefieldisfirsthalf
of1978.
ExtendedIncident?
(extended)
CategoricalVariable
1="Yes"
0="No"
Thedurationofanincidentextendedmorethan24hours.
Thedurationofanincidentextendedlessthan24hours.
DateofExtendedIncidentResolution
(resolution)
NumericDateVariable
ThisfieldonlyappliesifExtendedIncident?isYesandrecordsthedateinwhichthe
incidentwasresolved(hostagesreleasedbyperpetrators;hostageskilled;successful
rescue,etc.)
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DateUncertain?
(dateuncertain)
CategoricalVariable
1="Yes"
Thespecificdateofanincidentisnotclearlyreported.
0="No"
Thespecificdateofanincidentisclearlyreported.
II. IncidentInformation
IncidentSummary
(summary)
TextVariable
Anarrativesummaryoftheincident,notingthewhen,where,who,what,how,and
why.
Note:Thisfieldispresentlyonlysystematicallyavailablewithincidentsoccurringafter
1997.
InclusionCriteria
(crit1,crit2,crit3)
CategoricalVariables
Thesevariablesrecordwhichoftheinclusioncriteria(inadditiontothenecessary
criteria)aremet.Thisallowsuserstofilteroutthoseincidentswhoseinclusionwas
basedonacriterionwhichtheybelievedoesnotconstituteterrorismproper.Notethat
foreachofthecriteriavariablesacaseiscodedas1ifsourceinformationindicates
thatthecriterionismetand0ifsourceinformationindicatesthatthecriterionisnot
metorthatthereisnoindicationthatitismet.
Criterion1:POLITICAL,ECONOMIC,RELIGIOUS,ORSOCIALGOAL(CRIT1)
Theviolentactmustbeaimedatattainingapolitical,economic,religious,or
socialgoal.Thiscriterionisnotsatisfiedinthosecaseswheretheperpetrator(s)
actedoutofapureprofitmotiveorfromanidiosyncraticpersonalmotive
unconnectedwithbroadersocietalchange.
1="Yes"
TheincidentmeetsCriterion1.
0="No"
TheincidentdoesnotmeetCriterion1orthereisnoindication
thattheincidentmeetsCriterion1.
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Criterion2:INTENTIONTOCOERCE,INTIMIDATEORPUBLICIZETOLARGER
AUDIENCE(S)(CRIT2)
Tosatisfythiscriteriontheremustbeevidenceofanintentiontocoerce,
intimidate,orconveysomeothermessagetoalargeraudience(oraudiences)
thantheimmediatevictims.Suchevidencecaninclude(butisnotlimitedto)the
following:preorpostattackstatementsbytheperpetrator(s),pastbehaviorby
theperpetrators,ortheparticularnatureofthetarget/victim,weapon,orattack
type.
1="Yes"
0="No"
TheincidentdoesnotmeetCriterion2ornoindication.
Criterion3:OUTSIDEINTERNATIONALHUMANITARIANLAW(CRIT3)
Theactionisoutsidethecontextoflegitimatewarfareactivities,insofarasit
targetsnoncombatants(i.e.theactmustbeoutsidetheparameterspermitted
byinternationalhumanitarianlaw(jusinbello)asreflectedintheAdditional
ProtocoltotheGenevaConventionsof12August1949andelsewhere).
1="Yes"
0="No"
TheincidentdoesnotmeetCriterion3.
DoubtTerrorismProper?
(doubtterr)
CategoricalVariable
Incertaincasestheremaybesomeuncertaintywhetheranincidentmeetsallofthe
criteriaforinclusion.Intheseambiguouscases,wherethereisastrongpossibility,but
notcertainty,thatanincidentrepresentsanactofterrorism,theincidentisincludedin
GTDandiscodedasYesforthisvariable.
1="Yes"
Thereisdoubtastowhethertheincidentisanactofterrorism.
0="No"
Thereisessentiallynodoubtastowhethertheincidentisanact
ofterrorism.
1997.Ifthisvariablewasnotincludedinthedatacollectionprocessatthetimethecase
wascoded,9isrecordedinthedatabase.
AlternativeDesignation
(alternative)
CategoricalVariable
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ThisvariableappliestoonlythosecasescodedasYesforDoubtTerrorismProper?
(above).Thisvariableidentifiesthemostlikelycategorizationoftheincidentotherthan
terrorism.
1=Insurgency/GuerillaAction
2=OtherCrimeType
3=Inter/IntraGroupConflict
4=LackofIntentionality
1997.
PartofMultipleIncident
(multiple)
CategoricalVariable
Inthosecaseswhereseveralattacksareconnected,butwherethevariousactionsdo
notconstituteasingleincident(eitherthetimeofoccurrenceofincidentsortheir
locationsarediscontinuousseeSingleIncidentDeterminationsectionabove),then
Yesisselectedtodenotethattheparticularattackwaspartofamultipleincident.
1="Yes"
Theattackispartofamultipleincident.
0="No"
Theattackisnotpartofamultipleincident.
RelatedIncidents
(related)
TextVariable
Whenanattackispartofacoordinated,multipleincidenttheGTDIDsoftherelated
incidentsarelistedhere,separatedbycommas.
2011.
III.IncidentLocation
Country
(country)
CategoricalVariable
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Thisfieldidentifiesthecountryorlocationwheretheincidentoccurred.Thisincludes
nonindependentstates,dependencies,andterritories,suchasNorthernIrelandand
Corsica.Ifanincidentoccursinanautonomousorgeographicallynoncontiguousarea,
itislistedseparatelyfromthehomecountry.However,separatistregions,suchas
Kashmir,Chechnya,SouthOssetia,Transnistria,orRepublicofCabinda,arecodedas
partofthehomecountry.
Inthecasewherethecountryinwhichanincidentoccurredcannotbeidentified,itis
codedasUnknown.
Notethatthepoliticalcircumstancesofmanycountrieshavechangedovertime.Ina
numberofcases,countriesthatrepresentedthelocationofterroristattacksnolonger
exist;examplesincludeWestGermany,theUSSRandYugoslavia.Inthesecasesthe
countrynamefortheyeartheeventoccurredisrecorded.Asanexample,a1989attack
inBonnwouldberecordedastakingplaceinWestGermany(FRG).Anidenticalattackin
1991wouldberecordedastakingplaceinGermany.
Thus,thefollowingchangedatesapply:
BREAKUPOFCZECHOSLOVAKIA:
CzechRepublicindependence:1January1993
Slovakiaindependence:1January1993
BREAKUPOFUNIONOFSOVIETSOCIALIST
REPUBLICS(USSR):
RussianFederationindependence:24August
1991
Armeniaindependence:21September1991
Azerbaijanindependence:30August1991
Belarusindependence:25August1991
Estoniaindependence:17September1991
Georgiaindependence:9April1991
Kazakhstanindependence:16December1991
Kyrgyzstanindependence:31August1991
Latviaindependence:21August1991
Lithuaniaindependence:17September1991
Moldovaindependence:27August1991
Tajikistanindependence:9September1991
Turkmenistanindependence:27October1991
Ukraineindependence:24August1991
Uzbekistanindependence:1September1991
USSRterminates:26December19915January
1992
BREAKUPOFYUGOSLAVIA:
BosniaandHerzegovinaindependence:11
April1992
Croatiaindependence:25June1991
KosovoUNMIKestablished:10June1999
Macedoniaindependence:8September1991
YugoslaviabecomesSerbiaMontenegro:4
February2003
Montenegroindependence:3June2006
Serbiaindependence:3June2006
Sloveniaindependence:1January1992
BREAKUPOFCZECHOSLOVAKIA:
CzechRepublicindependence:1January1993
Slovakiaindependence:1January1993
OTHER:
Eritreaindependence:24May1993
Germanyunification:3October1990
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DECEMBER 2013
Country(Location)Codes
(Note:Thesecodesarealsousedforthetarget/victimnationalityfields.Entriesmarkedwith
anasterisk(*)onlyappearastarget/victimdescriptorsintheGTD.)
4=Afghanistan
5=Albania
6=Algeria
7=Andorra
8=Angola
10=Antiguaand
Barbuda
11=Argentina
12=Armenia
14=Australia
15=Austria
16=Azerbaijan
17=Bahamas
18=Bahrain
19=Bangladesh
20=Barbados
21=Belgium
22=Belize
23=Benin
24=Bermuda
25=Bhutan
26=Bolivia
28=BosniaHerzegovina
29=Botswana
30=Brazil
31=Brunei
32=Bulgaria
33=BurkinaFaso
34=Burundi
35=Belarus
36=Cambodia
37=Cameroon
38=Canada
40=CaymanIslands
41=CentralAfrican
Republic
42=Chad
43=Chile
44=China
45=Colombia
46=Comoros
47=Congo(Brazzaville)
49=CostaRica
50=Croatia
51=Cuba
53=Cyprus
54=CzechRepublic
55=Denmark
56=Djibouti
57=Dominica
58=DominicanRepublic
59=Ecuador
60=Egypt
61=ElSalvador
62=EquatorialGuinea
63=Eritrea
64=Estonia
65=Ethiopia
66=FalklandIslands
67=Fiji
68=Finland
69=France
70=FrenchGuiana
71=FrenchPolynesia
72=Gabon
73=Gambia
74=Georgia
75=Germany
76=Ghana
77=Gibraltar
78=Greece
79=Greenland*
80=Grenada
81=Guadeloupe
83=Guatemala
84=Guinea
85=GuineaBissau
86=Guyana
87=Haiti
88=Honduras
89=HongKong
90=Hungary
91=Iceland
92=India
93=Indonesia
94=Iran
95=Iraq
96=Ireland
97=Israel
98=Italy
99=IvoryCoast
100=Jamaica
101=Japan
102=Jordan
103=Kazakhstan
104=Kenya
106=Kuwait
107=Kyrgyzstan
108=Laos
109=Latvia
110=Lebanon
111=Lesotho
112=Liberia
113=Libya
114=Liechtenstein*
115=Lithuania
116=Luxembourg
117=Macau
118=Macedonia
119=Madagascar
120=Malawi
121=Malaysia
122=Maldives
123=Mali
124=Malta
125=Man,Isleof*
127=Martinique
128=Mauritania
129=Mauritius
130=Mexico
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DECEMBER 2013

132=Moldova
134=Mongolia*
136=Morocco
137=Mozambique
138=Myanmar
139=Namibia
141=Nepal
142=Netherlands
143=NewCaledonia
144=NewZealand
145=Nicaragua
146=Niger
147=Nigeria
149=NorthKorea
150=NorthernMariana
Islands*
151=Norway
152=Oman*
153=Pakistan
155=WestBankand
GazaStrip
156=Panama
157=PapuaNewGuinea
158=Paraguay
159=Peru
160=Philippines
161=Poland
162=Portugal
163=PuertoRico
164=Qatar
166=Romania
167=Russia
168=Rwanda
173=SaudiArabia
174=Senegal
175=SerbiaMontenegro
176=Seychelles
177=SierraLeone
178=Singapore
179=SlovakRepublic
180=Slovenia
181=SolomonIslands
182=Somalia
183=SouthAfrica
184=SouthKorea
185=Spain
186=SriLanka
189=St.KittsandNevis
190=St.Lucia
192=St.Martin*
195=Sudan
196=Suriname
197=Swaziland
198=Sweden
199=Switzerland
200=Syria
201=Taiwan
202=Tajikistan
203=Tanzania
204=Togo
205=Thailand
207=Trinidadand
Tobago
208=Tunisia
209=Turkey
210=Turkmenistan
213=Uganda
214=Ukraine
215=UnitedArab
Emirates
216=GreatBritain
217=UnitedStates
218=Uruguay
219=Uzbekistan
220=Vanuatu
221=VaticanCity
222=Venezuela
223=Vietnam
225=VirginIslands(U.S.)
226=WallisandFutuna
228=Yemen
229=Congo(Kinshasa)
230=Zambia
231=Zimbabwe
233=NorthernIreland
235=Yugoslavia
236=Czechoslovakia
238=Corsica
334=Asian*
347=TimorLeste
349=WesternSahara
351=Commonwealthof
IndependentStates*
359=SovietUnion
362=WestGermany
(FRG)
377=NorthYemen
403=Rhodesia
406=SouthYemen
422=International
428=SouthVietnam
499=EastGermany
(GDR)
520=Sinhalese*
532=NewHebrides
999=Multinational*
1001=Serbia
1002=Montenegro
1003=Kosovo
1004=SouthSudan
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DECEMBER 2013
Region
(region)
CategoricalVariable
Thisfieldidentifiestheregioninwhichtheincidentoccurred.Theregionsare
dividedintothefollowing13categories,anddependentonthecountrycodedfor
thecase:
1=NorthAmerica
Canada,Mexico,St.PierreandMiquelon,UnitedStates
2=CentralAmerica&Caribbean
AntiguaandBarbuda,Aruba,Bahamas,Barbados,Belize,Bermuda,Bonaire
(NetherlandsAntilles),CaymanIslands,CostaRica,Cuba,Curacao
(NetherlandsAntilles),Dominica,DominicanRepublic,ElSalvador,Grenada,
Guadeloupe,Guatemala,Haiti,Honduras,Jamaica,Martinique,Montserrat,
Nicaragua,Panama,PuertoRico,Saba(NetherlandsAntilles),SintEustatius
(NetherlandsAntilles),SintMaarten(NetherlandsAntilles),St.Barthelemy,
St.KittsandNevis,St.Lucia,St.Martin,St.VincentandtheGrenadines,
TrinidadandTobago,TurksandCaicos,VirginIslands(British),VirginIslands
(U.S.)
3=SouthAmerica
Argentina,Bolivia,Brazil,Chile,Colombia,Ecuador,FalklandIslands,French
Guiana,Guyana,Paraguay,Peru,Suriname,Uruguay,Venezuela
4=EastAsia
China,HongKong,Japan,Macau,Mongolia,NorthKorea,SouthKorea,
Taiwan,Tibet
5=SoutheastAsia
Brunei,Cambodia,Indonesia,Laos,Malaysia,Myanmar,Philippines,
Singapore,SouthVietnam,Thailand,TimorLeste,Vietnam
6=SouthAsia
Afghanistan,Bangladesh,Bhutan,India,Maldives,Mauritius,Nepal,
Pakistan,Seychelles,SriLanka
7=CentralAsia
Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,Uzbekistan
8=WesternEurope
Andorra,Austria,Belgium,Corsica,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,
Gibraltar,GreatBritain,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Liechtenstein,
Luxembourg,Malta,Man,Isleof,Monaco,Netherlands,NorthernIreland,
Norway,Portugal,SanMarino,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,VaticanCity,
WestGermany(FRG)
9=EasternEurope
Albania,BosniaHerzegovina,Bulgaria,Croatia,CzechRepublic,
Czechoslovakia,EastGermany(GDR),Hungary,Kosovo,Macedonia,
Moldova,Montenegro,Poland,Romania,Serbia,SerbiaMontenegro,Slovak
Republic,Slovenia,Yugoslavia

10=MiddleEast&NorthAfrica
Algeria,Bahrain,Cyprus,Egypt,Iran,Iraq,Israel,Jordan,Kuwait,Lebanon,
Libya,Morocco,NorthYemen,Oman,Qatar,SaudiArabia,SouthYemen,
Syria,Tunisia,Turkey,UnitedArabEmirates,WestBankandGazaStrip,
WesternSahara,Yemen
11=SubSaharanAfrica
Angola,Benin,Botswana,BurkinaFaso,Burundi,Cameroon,CapeVerde,
CentralAfricanRepublic,Chad,Comoros,Congo(Brazzaville),Congo
(Kinshasa),Djibouti,EquatorialGuinea,Eritrea,Ethiopia,Gabon,Gambia,
Ghana,Guinea,GuineaBissau,IvoryCoast,Kenya,Lesotho,Liberia,
Madagascar,Malawi,Mali,Mauritania,Mozambique,Namibia,Niger,
Nigeria,Rhodesia,Rwanda,SaoTomeandPrincipe,Senegal,SierraLeone,
Somalia,SouthAfrica,SouthSudan,Sudan,Swaziland,Tanzania,Togo,
Uganda,Zambia,Zimbabwe
12=Russia&theNewlyIndependentStates(NIS)
Armenia,Azerbaijan,Belarus,Estonia,Georgia,Latvia,Lithuania,Russia,
SovietUnion,Ukraine
13=Australasia&Oceania
Australia,CookIslands,Fiji,FrenchPolynesia,Kiribati,MarshallIslands,
Micronesia,Nauru,NewCaledonia,NewZealand,Niue,Palau,PapuaNew
Guinea,Samoa(WesternSamoa),SolomonIslands,Tonga,Tuvalu,Vanuatu,
WallisandFutuna
Province/AdministrativeRegion/State
(provstate)
TextVariable
Thisvariablerecordsthename(atthetimeofevent)ofthe1stordersubnational
administrativeregioninwhichtheeventoccurs.
City
(city)
TextVariable
Thisfieldcontainsthenameofthecity,village,ortowninwhichtheincident
occurred.Ifthecity,village,ortownforanincidentisunknown,thenthisfield
containsthesmallestadministrativeareabelowprovstatewhichcanbefoundfor
theincident.
Vicinity
(vicinity)
CategoricalVariable
1="Yes"
Theincidentoccurredintheimmediatevicinityofthecityin
question.
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DECEMBER 2013

0="No"
Theincidentinthecityitself.
LocationDescription
(location)
TextVariable
Thisfieldisusedtospecifyadditionalinformationaboutthelocationoftheincident.
Latitude
(latitude)
NumericVariable
Thisfieldrecordsthelatitude(basedonWGS1984standards)ofthecityinwhichthe
eventoccurred.
Longitude
(longitude)
NumericVariable
Thisfieldrecordsthelongitude(basedonWGS1984standards)ofthecityinwhich
theeventoccurred.
GeocodingSpecificity
(specificity)
CategoricalVariable
Thisfieldidentifiesthegeospatialresolutionofthelatitudeandlongitudefields.
1=eventoccurredincity/village/townandlat/lonisforthatlocation
2=eventoccurredincity/village/townandnolat/loncouldbefound,so
coordinatesareforcentroidofsmallestsubnationaladministrativeregion
identified
3=eventdidnotoccurincity/village/town,socoordinatesareforcentroidof
smallestsubnationaladministrativeregionidentified
4=no2ndorderorsmallerregioncouldbeidentified,socoordinatesarefor
centerof1storderadministrativeregion
5=no1storderadministrativeregioncouldbeidentifiedforthelocationofthe
attack,solatitudeandlongitudeareunknown
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DECEMBER 2013
IV.AttackInformation
Attack
Type
(attacktype1)
CategoricalVariable
Thisfieldcapturesthegeneralmethodofattackandoftenreflectsthebroadclassof
tacticsused.Itconsistsofninecategories,whicharedefinedbelow.Uptothree
attacktypescanberecordedforeachincident.Typically,onlyoneattacktypeis
recordedforeachincidentunlesstheattackiscomprisedofasequenceofevents.
Whenmultipleattacktypesmayapply,themostappropriatevalueisdetermined
basedonthehierarchybelow.Forexample,ifanassassinationiscarriedoutthrough
theuseofanexplosive,theAttackTypeiscodedasAssassination,not
Bombing/Explosion.Ifanattackinvolvesasequenceofevents,thenthefirst,the
second,andthethirdattacktypesarecodedintheorderofthehierarchybelow
ratherthantheorderinwhichtheyoccurred.
AttackTypeHierarchy:
1=Assassination
2=Hijacking
3=Kidnapping
4=BarricadeIncident
5=Bombing/Explosion
6=Unknown
7=ArmedAssault
8=UnarmedAssault
9=Facility/InfrastructureAttack
1=ASSASSINATION
Anactwhoseprimaryobjectiveistokilloneormorespecific,prominent
individuals.Usuallycarriedoutonpersonsofsomenote,suchashigh
rankingmilitaryofficers,governmentofficials,celebrities,etc.Nottoinclude
attacksonnonspecificmembersofatargetedgroup.Thekillingofapolice
officerwouldbeanarmedassaultunlessthereisreasontobelievethe
attackerssingledoutaparticularlyprominentofficerforassassination.
2=ARMEDASSAULT
Anattackwhoseprimaryobjectiveistocausephysicalharmordeathdirectly
tohumanbeingsbyuseofafirearm,incendiary,orsharpinstrument(knife,
etc.).Nottoincludeattacksinvolvingtheuseoffists,rocks,sticks,orother
handheld(lessthanlethal)weapons.Alsoincludesattacksinvolvingcertain
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DECEMBER 2013

classesofexplosivedevicesalongwithfirearms,incendiaries,orsharp
instruments.Theexplosivedevicesubcategoriesthatareincludedinthis
classificationaregrenades,projectiles,unknownorotherexplosivedevices
thatarethrown,andsuicideattacksinwhichthebombersarealsousing
firearmsorincendiarydevices.
3=Bombing/Explosion
Anattackwheretheprimaryeffectsarecausedbyanenergeticallyunstable
materialundergoingrapiddecompositionandreleasingapressurewavethat
causesphysicaldamagetothesurroundingenvironment.Canincludeeither
highorlowexplosives(includingadirtybomb)butdoesnotincludeanuclear
explosivedevicethatreleasesenergyfromfissionand/orfusion,oran
incendiarydevicewheredecompositiontakesplaceatamuchslowerrate.
Ifanattackinvolvescertainclassesofexplosivedevicesalongwithfirearms,
incendiaries,orsharpobjects,thentheattackiscodedasanarmedassault
only.Theexplosivedevicesubcategoriesthatareincludedinthis
classificationaregrenades,projectiles,andunknownorotherexplosive
devicesthatarethrowninwhichthebombersarealsousingfirearmsor
incendiarydevices.
4=HIJACKING
Anactwhoseprimaryobjectiveistotakecontrolofavehiclesuchasan
aircraft,boat,bus,etc.forthepurposeofdivertingittoanunprogrammed
destination,forcethereleaseofprisoners,orsomeotherpolitical
objective.Obtainingpaymentofaransomshouldnotthesolepurposeofa
Hijacking,butcanbeoneelementoftheincidentsolongasadditional
objectiveshavealsobeenstated.HijackingsaredistinctfromHostageTaking
becausethetargetisavehicle,regardlessofwhetherthereare
people/passengersinthevehicle.
5=HOSTAGETAKING(BARRICADEINCIDENT)
Anactwhoseprimaryobjectiveistotakecontrolofhostagesforthepurpose
ofachievingapoliticalobjectivethroughconcessionsorthroughdisruption
ofnormaloperations.Suchattacksaredistinguishedfromkidnappingsince
theincidentoccursandusuallyplaysoutatthetargetlocationwithlittleor
nointentiontoholdthehostagesforanextendedperiodinaseparate
clandestinelocation.
6=HOSTAGETAKING(KIDNAPPING)
Anactwhoseprimaryobjectiveistotakecontrolofhostagesforthepurpose
ofachievingapoliticalobjectivethroughconcessionsorthroughdisruption
ofnormaloperations.KidnappingsaredistinguishedfromBarricadeIncidents
(above)inthattheyinvolvemovingandholdingthehostagesinanother
location.
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DECEMBER 2013
7=FACILITY/INFRASTRUCTUREATTACK
Anact,excludingtheuseofanexplosive,whoseprimaryobjectiveistocause
damagetoanonhumantarget,suchasabuilding,monument,train,
pipeline,etc.Suchattacksincludearsonandvariousformsofsabotage(e.g.,
sabotagingatraintrackisafacility/infrastructureattack,evenifpassengers
arekilled).Facility/infrastructureattackscanincludeactswhichaimtoharm
aninstallation,yetalsocauseharmtopeopleincidentally(e.g.anarson
attackprimarilyaimedatdamagingabuilding,butcausesinjuriesor
fatalities).
8=UNARMEDASSAULT
Anattackwhoseprimaryobjectiveistocausephysicalharmordeathdirectly
tohumanbeingsbyanymeansotherthanexplosive,firearm,incendiary,or
sharpinstrument(knife,etc.).
9=UNKNOWN
Theattacktypecannotbedeterminedfromtheavailableinformation.
SecondAttackType
(attacktype2)
CategoricalVariable
Thisvariableutilizesthehierarchyandattacktypedefinitionslistedabove.
ThirdAttackType
(attacktype3)
CategoricalVariable
Thisvariableutilizesthehierarchyandattacktypedefinitionslistedabove
SuccessfulAttack
(success)
CategoricalVariable
Successofaterroriststrikeisdefinedaccordingtothetangibleeffectsoftheattack.
Successisnotjudgedintermsofthelargergoalsoftheperpetrators.Forexample,a
bombthatexplodedinabuildingwouldbecountedasasuccessevenifitdidnot
succeedinbringingthebuildingdownorinducinggovernmentrepression.
Thedefinitionofasuccessfulattackdependsonthetypeofattack.Essentially,the
keyquestioniswhetherornottheattacktypetookplace.Ifacasehasmultiple
attacktypes,successisbasedonthemostseriousattacktype(seehierarchyabove).
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DECEMBER 2013
1="Yes"
0="No"
Theincidentwassuccessful.
Theincidentwasnotsuccessful.
ASSASSINATION
Inorderforanassassinationtobesuccessful,thetargetoftheassassinationmustbe
killed.Forexample,evenifanattackkillsnumerouspeoplebutnotthetarget,itis
anunsuccessfulassassination.
ARMEDASSAULT
Anarmedassaultisdeterminedtobesuccessfuliftheassaulttakesplaceandifa
targetishit(includingpeopleand/orproperty).Unsuccessfularmedassaultsare
thoseinwhichtheperpetratorsattackanddonothitthetarget.Anarmedassaultis
alsounsuccessfuliftheperpetratorsareapprehendedontheirwaytocommitthe
assault.Tomakethisdetermination,however,theremustbeinformationtoindicate
thatanactualassaultwasimminent.
BOMBING/EXPLOSION
Abombingissuccessfulifthebomborexplosivedevicedetonates.Bombingsare
consideredunsuccessfuliftheydonotdetonate.Thesuccessorfailureofthe
bombingisnotbasedonwhetherithittheintendedtarget.
HIJACKING
Ahijackingissuccessfulifthehijackersassumecontrolofthevehicleatanypoint,
whereasahijackingisunsuccessfulifthehijackersfailtoassumecontrolofthe
vehicle.Thesuccessorfailureofthehijackingisnotbasedonwhetherthevehicle
reachedtheintendeddestinationofthehijackers.
HOSTAGETAKING(BARRICADEINCIDENT)
Abarricadeincidentissuccessfulifthehostagetakersassumecontrolofthe
individualsatanypoint,whereasabarricadeincidentisunsuccessfulifthehostage
takersfailtoassumecontroloftheindividuals.
HOSTAGETAKING(KIDNAPPING)
Akidnappingissuccessfulifthekidnappersassumecontroloftheindividualsatany
point,whereasakidnappingisunsuccessfulifthekidnappersfailtoassumecontrol
oftheindividuals.
FACILITY/INFRASTRUCTUREATTACK
Afacilityattackisdeterminedtobesuccessfulifthefacilityisdamaged.Ifthefacility
hasnotbeendamaged,thentheattackisunsuccessful.
UNARMEDASSAULT
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DECEMBER 2013

Anunarmedassaultisdeterminedtobesuccessfulthereisavictimthatwhohas
beeninjured.Unarmedassaultsthatareunsuccessfularethoseinwhichthe
perpetratorsdonotinjureanyone.Anunarmedassaultisalsounsuccessfulifthe
perpetratorsareapprehendedwhenontheirwaytocommittheassault.Tomake
thisdetermination,however,theremustbeinformationtoindicatethatanassault
wasimminent.
SuicideAttack
(suicide)
CategoricalVariable
ThisvariableiscodedYesinthosecaseswherethereisevidencethatthe
perpetratordidnotintendtoescapefromtheattackalive.
1="Yes"
Theincidentwasasuicideattack.
0="No"
Theincidentwasnotasuicideattack.
V.WeaponInformation
Informationonuptofourtypesandsubtypesoftheweaponsusedinanattackare
recordedforeachcase,inadditiontoanyinformationonspecificweapondetails
reported.
WeaponType
(weaptype1)
CategoricalVariable
Uptofourweapontypesarerecordedforeachincident.Thisfieldrecordsthe
generaltypeofweaponusedintheincident.Itconsistsofthefollowing13
categories:
1=Biological
Aweaponwhosecomponentsareproducedfrompathogenic
microorganismsortoxicsubstancesofbiologicalorigins.
2=Chemical
Aweaponproducedfromtoxicchemicalsthatiscontainedinadelivery
systemanddispersedasaliquid,vapor,oraerosol
3=Radiological
Aweaponwhosecomponentsareproducedfromradioactivematerialsthat
emitionizingradiationandcantakemanyforms.
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DECEMBER 2013

4=Nuclear
Aweaponwhichdrawsitsexplosiveforcefromfission,fusion,ora
combinationofthesemethods.
5=Firearms
Aweaponwhichiscapableoffiringaprojectileusinganexplosivechargeas
apropellant.
6=Explosives/Bombs/Dynamite
Aweaponcomposedofenergeticallyunstablematerialundergoingrapid
decompositionandreleasingapressurewavethatcausesphysicaldamageto
thesurroundingenvironment.
7=FakeWeapons
Aweaponthatwasclaimedbytheperpetratoratthetimeoftheincidentto
berealbutwasdiscoveredafterthefacttobenonexistentorincapableof
producingthedesiredeffects.
8=Incendiary
Aweaponthatiscapableofcatchingfire,causingfire,orburningreadilyand
producesintenselyhotfirewhenexploded.
9=Melee
Aweapontargetingpeopleratherthanpropertythatdoesnotinvolvea
projectileinwhichtheuserandtargetareincontactwithitsimultaneously.
10=Vehicle
Anautomobilethatisusedinanincidentthatdoesnotincorporatetheuse
ofexplosivessuchasacarbombortruckbomb.
11=SabotageEquipment
Aweaponthatisusedinthedemolitionordestructionofproperty(e.g.,
removingboltsfromatraintracks).
12=Other
Aweaponthathasbeenidentifiedbutdoesnotfitintooneoftheabove
categories.
13=Unknown
Theweapontypecannotbedeterminedfromtheavailableinformation.
WeaponSubtype
(weapsubtype1)
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DECEMBER 2013

CategoricalVariable
ThisfieldrecordsamorespecificvalueformostoftheWeaponTypesidentified
immediatelyabove.
Thecorrespondingweaponsubtypesforeachprimaryweapontypeareasfollows:
Biological
[nocorrespondingweaponsubtypes]
Chemical
1=Poisoning
Radiological
Nuclear
Firearms
2=AutomaticWeapon(includingsemiautomatic)
3=Handgun
4=Rifle/Shotgun(nonautomatic)
5=UnknownGunType
6=OtherGunType
Explosives/Bombs/Dynamite
7=Grenade(notRPGs)
8=Mine
9=MailBomb(letter,package,parcel)
10=PressureTrigger
11=Projectile(rockets,mortars,RPGs,etc.)
12=RemoteDevice(trigger,control,detonate)
13=Suicide(carriedbodilybyhumanbeing)
14=TimeFuse
15=Vehicle
16=UnknownExplosiveType
17=OtherExplosiveType
28=Dynamite/TNT
29=StickyBomb
FakeWeapons
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DECEMBER 2013

Incendiary
18=Arson/Fire
19=FlameThrower
20=GasolineorAlcohol
Melee
21=BluntObject
22=Hands,Feet,Fists
23=KnifeorOtherSharpObject
24=RopeorOtherStranglingDevice
26=Suffocation
27=UnknownWeaponType
Vehicle
SabotageEquipment
Other
Unknown
SecondWeaponType
(weaptype2)
CategoricalVariable
ConventionsfollowWeaponTypefield.
SecondWeaponSubType
(weapsubtype2)
CategoricalVariable
ConventionsfollowWeaponSubTypefield.
ThirdWeaponType
(weaptype3)
CategoricalVariable
ThirdWeaponSubType
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DECEMBER 2013

(weapsubtype3)
CategoricalVariable
FourthWeaponType
(weaptype4)
CategoricalVariable
FourthWeaponSubType
(weapsubtype4)
CategoricalVariable
WeaponDetails
(weapdetail)
TextVariable
Thisfieldnotesanypertinentinformationonthetypeofweapon(s)usedinthe
incident.Suchnotescouldincludethenoveluseormeansofconcealingaweapon,
specificweaponmodels,interestingdetailsoftheweaponsorigins,etc.
VI.TargetsandPerpetrators
Target/VictimInformation
Informationonuptothreetargets/victimsisrecordedforeachincident.The
target/victiminformationfieldscodedforeachofthethreetargetsincludetype,
nameofentity,specifictarget/victim,andnationalityofthetarget/victim.Thefield
containsinformationonbothintendedtargetsandincidentalbystanders,and
therefore,intentionalityshouldbecarefullyconsidered.
Target/VictimType
(targtype1)
CategoricalVariable
Thetarget/victimtypefieldcapturesthegeneraltypeoftarget/victim.Itconsistsof
thefollowing22categories,whicharesubsequentlydefined:
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DECEMBER 2013

1=BUSINESS
Businessesaredefinedasindividualsororganizationsengagedincommercialor
mercantileactivityasameansoflivelihood.Anyattackonabusinessorprivate
citizenspatronizingabusinesssuchasarestaurant,gasstation,musicstore,bar,
caf,etc.
Thisincludesattackscarriedoutagainstcorporateofficesoremployeesoffirmslike
miningcompanies,oroilcorporations.Furthermore,includesattacksconductedon
businesspeopleorcorporateofficers.Includedinthisvalueaswellarehospitalsand
chambersofcommerceandcooperatives.
Doesnotincludeattackscarriedoutinpublicorquasipublicareassuchasbusiness
districtorcommercialarea,orgenericbusinessrelatedindividualssuchas
businessmen(theseattacksarecapturedunderPrivateCitizensandProperty,
seebelow.)
2=GOVERNMENT(GENERAL)
Anyattackonagovernmentbuilding;governmentmember,formermembers,
includingmembersofpoliticalpartiesinofficialcapacities,theirconvoys,orevents
sponsoredbypoliticalparties;politicalmovements;oragovernmentsponsored
institutionwheretheattackisexpresslycarriedouttoharmthegovernment.
Thisvalueincludesattacksonjudges,publicattorneys(e.g.,prosecutors),courtsand
courtsystems,politicians,royalty,headofstate,governmentemployees(unless
policeormilitary),electionrelatedattacks,intelligenceagenciesandspies,orfamily
membersofgovernmentofficialswhentherelationshipisrelevanttothemotiveof
theattack.
Thisvaluedoesnotincludeattacksonpoliticalcandidatesforofficeormembersof
politicalpartiesthatdonotholdanelectedoffice(theseattacksarecapturedin
PrivateCitizensandProperty).
3=POLICE
Thisvalueincludesattacksonmembersofthepoliceforceorpoliceinstallations;
thisincludespoliceboxes,patrolsheadquarters,academies,cars,checkpoints,etc.
Includesattacksagainstjailsorprisonfacilities,orjailorprisonstafforguards.
4=MILITARY
Includesattacksagainstmilitaryunits,patrols,barracks,convoys,jeeps,andaircraft.
Alsoincludesattacksonrecruitingsites,andsoldiersengagedininternalpolicing
functionssuchasatcheckpointsandinantinarcoticsactivities.Thiscategoryalso
includespeacekeepingunitsthatconductmilitaryoperations(e.g.,AMISOM)
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DECEMBER 2013

Excludesattacksagainstnonstatemilitiasandguerrillas,thesetypesofattacksare
codedasTerrorist/NonstateMilitiasseebelow.
5=ABORTIONRELATED
Attacksonabortionclinics,employees,patrons,orsecuritypersonnelstationedat
clinics.
6=AIRPORTS&AIRCRAFT
Anattackthatwascarriedouteitheragainstanaircraftoragainstanairport.Attacks
againstairlineemployeeswhileonboardarealsoincludedinthisvalue.
Includesattacksconductedagainstairportbusinessofficesandexecutives.Military
aircraftarenotincluded.
7=GOVERNMENT(DIPLOMATIC)
Attackscarriedoutagainstforeignmissions,includingembassies,consulates,etc.
Thisvalueincludesculturalcentersthathavediplomaticfunctions,andattacks
againstdiplomaticstaffandtheirfamilies(whentherelationshipisrelevanttothe
motiveoftheattack)andproperty.TheUnitedNationsisadiplomatictarget.
8=EDUCATIONALINSTITUTION
Attacksagainstschools,teachers,orguardsprotectingschoolsites.Includesattacks
againstuniversityprofessors,teachingstaffandschoolbuses.Moreover,includes
attacksagainstreligiousschoolsinthisvalue.
AsnotedbelowinthePrivateCitizensandPropertyvalue,theGTDhasseveral
attacksagainststudents.Ifattacksinvolvingstudentsarenotexpresslyagainsta
school,universityorothereducationalinstitutionorarecarriedoutinan
educationalsetting,theyarecodedasprivatecitizensandproperty.
Excludesattacksagainstmilitaryschools(attacksonmilitaryschoolsarecodedas
Military,seebelow).
9=FOODORWATERSUPPLY
Attacksonfoodorwatersuppliesorreservesareincludedinthisvalue.This
generallyincludesattacksaimedattheinfrastructurerelatedtofoodandwaterfor
humanconsumption.
10=JOURNALISTS&MEDIA
Includes,attacksonreporters,newsassistants,photographers,publishers,aswellas
attacksonmediaheadquartersandoffices.
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DECEMBER 2013

Attacksontransmissionfacilitiessuchasantennaeortransmissiontowers,or
broadcastinfrastructurearecodedasTelecommunications,seebelow.
11=MARITIME(INCLUDESPORTSANDMARITIMEFACILITIES)
Includescivilianmaritime:attacksagainstfishingships,oiltankers,ferries,yachts,
etc.(AttacksonfishermenarecodedasPrivateCitizensandProperty,seebelow).
12=NGO
Includesattacksonofficesandemployeesofnongovernmentalorganizations
(NGOs).NGOshereincludelargemultinationalnongovernmentalorganizations
suchastheRedCrossandDoctorswithoutBorders.
Doesnotincludelaborunions,socialclubs,studentgroups,andothernonNGO
(suchcasesarecodedasOther,seebelow).
13=OTHER
Thisvalueincludesactsofterrorismcommittedagainsttargetswhichdonotfitinto
othercategories.Someexamplesincludeambulances,firefighters,refugeecamps,
andinternationaldemilitarizedzones.
14=PRIVATECITIZENS&PROPERTY
Thisvalueincludesattacksonindividuals,thepublicingeneralorattacksinpublic
areasincludingmarkets,commercialstreets,busyintersectionsandpedestrian
malls.
Alsoincludesambiguouscaseswherethetarget/victimwasanamedindividual,or
wherethetarget/victimofanattackcouldbeidentifiedbyname,age,occupation,
genderornationality.Thisvaluealsoincludesceremonialevents,suchasweddings
andfunerals.
TheGTDcontainsanumberofattacksagainststudents.Iftheseattacksarenot
expresslyagainstaschool,universityorothereducationalinstitutionorarenot
carriedoutinaneducationalsetting,theseattacksarecodedusingthisvalue.Also,
includesincidentsinvolvingpoliticalsupportersasprivatecitizensandproperty,
providedthatthesesupportersarenotpartofagovernmentsponsoredevent.
Finally,thisvalueincludespoliceinformers.
Doesnotincludeattackscausingciviliancasualtiesinbusinessessuchasrestaurants,
cafesormovietheaters(thesecategoriesarecodedasBusinessseeabove).
15=RELIGIOUSFIGURES/INSTITUTIONS
Thisvalueincludesattacksonreligiousleaders,(Imams,priests,bishops,etc.),
religiousinstitutions(mosques,churches),religiousplacesorobjects(shrines,relics,
32
DECEMBER 2013

etc.).Thisvaluealsoincludesattacksonorganizationsthatareaffiliatedwith
religiousentitiesthatarenotNGOs,businessesorschools.
AttacksonreligiouspilgrimsareconsideredPrivateCitizensandProperty;attacks
onmissionariesareconsideredreligiousfigures.
16=TELECOMMUNICATION
Thisincludesattacksonfacilitiesandinfrastructureforthetransmissionof
information.Morespecificallythisvalueincludesthingslikecellphonetowers,
telephonebooths,televisiontransmitters,radio,andmicrowavetowers.
17=TERRORISTS/NONSTATEMILITIAS
TerroristsormembersofidentifiedterroristgroupswithintheGTDareincludedin
thisvalue.Membershipisbroadlydefinedandincludesinformantsforterrorist
groups,butexcludesformerorsurrenderedterrorists.
Thisvaluealsoincludescasesinvolvingthetargetingofmilitiasandguerillas.
18=TOURISTS
Thisvalueincludesthetargetingoftourbuses,tourists,ortours.Touristsare
personswhotravelprimarilyforthepurposesofleisureoramusement.Government
touristofficesareincludedinthisvalue.
Theattackmustclearlytargettourists,notjustanassaultonabusinessor
transportationsystemusedbytourists.Travelagenciesarecodedasbusiness
targets.
19=TRANSPORTATION(OTHERTHANAVIATION)
Attacksonpublictransportationsystemsareincludedinthisvalue.Thiscaninclude
effortstoassaultpublicbuses,minibuses,trains,metro/subways,highways(ifthe
highwayitselfisthetargetoftheattack),bridges,roads,etc.
TheGTDcontainsanumberofattacksongenerictermssuchascarsorvehicles.
TheseattacksareassumedtobeagainstPrivateCitizensandPropertyunless
showntobeagainstpublictransportationsystems.Inthisregard,busesare
assumedtobepublictransportationunlessotherwisenoted.
20=UNKNOWN
Thetargettypecannotbedeterminedfromtheavailableinformation.
21=UTILITIES
Thisvaluepertainstofacilitiesforthetransmissionorgenerationofenergy.For
example,powerlines,oilpipelines,electricaltransformers,hightensionlines,gas
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DECEMBER 2013

andelectricsubstations,areallincludedinthisvalue.Thisvaluealsoincludes
lamppostsorstreetlights.
Attacksonofficers,employeesorfacilitiesofutilitycompaniesexcludingthetypeof
facultiesabovearecodedasbusiness.
22=VIOLENTPOLITICALPARTIES
Thisvaluepertainstoentitiesthatarebothpoliticalparties(andthus,codedas
governmentinthiscodingscheme)andterrorists.Itisoperationallydefinedas
groupsthatengageinelectoralpoliticsandappearasPerpetratorsintheGTD.
Target/VictimSubtype
(targsubtype1)
CategoricalVariable
Thetargetsubtypevariablecapturesthemorespecifictargetcategoryandprovides
thenextlevelofdesignationforeachtargettype.Ifatargetsubtypeisnot
applicablethisvariableisleftblank.
Thesubtypesforeachtargettypeareasfollows:
Business
1=Gas/oil
2=Restaurant/Bar/Caf
3=Bank/Commerce
4=MultinationalCorporations
5=Industrial/Textiles/Factories
6=Medical/Pharmaceutical
7=Retail/Grocery/Bakery(includingcellphoneshopsandgenericshops)
8=Hotel/Resort
9=Farm/Ranch
10=Mining
11=Entertainment/Cultural/Stadiums/Casinos
12=Construction
13=PrivateSecurityCompanies/Firms
Government(General)
14=Judges/Attorneys/Courts
15=Politicians/PoliticalParties/PoliticalMovements/PoliticalPartyMeetings/Rallies
16=Royalty
17=HeadofState
18=Governmentemployees(excludingpolice/military)
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DECEMBER 2013

19=ElectionRelated
20=Intelligence
21=GovernmentBuildings/Facilities/Offices
Police
22=PoliceBuildings(Headquarters/Stations/School)
23=PolicePatrol(includingvehiclesandconvoys)
24=PoliceCheckpoint
25=PoliceSecurityForces/Officers
26=Prisons/Jails
Military
27=MilitaryBarracks/Base/Headquarters/CheckPost
28=MilitaryRecruitingStation/Academy
29=MilitaryUnits/Patrols/Convoys
30=Navy
31=Air
32=CoastGuard
33=Army
34=Soldiers/Troops/Officers/Forces
35=MilitaryTransportation/Vehicles(excludingspecificmentionsofconvoys)
36=MilitaryCheckpoint
37=NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization(NATO)Related
38=Marine
39=Paramilitary
AbortionRelated
40=Clinics
41=Personnel
Airports&Aircraft
42=Aircraft(notatanairport)
43=AirlineOfficer/Personnel
44=Airport
Government(Diplomatic)
45=Diplomats/Families/Individuals(outsideofembassy)
46=Embassies/Consulates
47=UnitedNationsRelated(Peacekeepers/AidAgencies/Compounds)
EducationalInstitution
48=Teachers/Professors/Instructors
49=Schools/Universities/EducationalBuildings
50=OtherPersonnel
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DECEMBER 2013
FoodandWaterSupply
51=FoodSupply
52=WaterSupply
Journalists&Media
53=NewspaperJournalists/Staff/Facilities
54=RadioJournalists/Staff/Facilities
55=TelevisionJournalists/Staff/Facilities
56=Other(includingonlinenewsagencies)
Maritime
57=CivilianMaritime
58=CommercialMaritime
59=OilTankers
60=Ports
NGO
61=DomesticNGO
62=InternationalNGO
Other
63=Ambulances
64=FireFighters/Trucks
65=RefugeeCamps
66=DemilitarizedZones(includingGreenZone)
PrivateCitizens&Property
67=UnnamedCivilians/Unspecified
68=Namedcivilians
69=ReligionIdentified
70=Students
71=Race/EthnicityIdentified
72=Farmers
73=Vehicles/Transportation
74=Marketplace/Plaza/Square(wheremanypeoplegather/crowd)
75=Village/Cities/Towns/Suburb(largeareas)
76=Houses/Apartments/Residence
77=Laborers(General)/SpecificJobs
78=Processions/Gatherings(Funerals/Weddings/Birthdays/Religious)
79=PublicAreas(e.g.,Publicgarden,parkinglot,garage,beach,publicbuildings,
camps)
80=Memorials/Cemeteries/Monuments
81=Museums/CulturalCenters/CulturalHouses
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DECEMBER 2013

82=LaborUnionRelated
83=Protestors
84=PoliticalPartyMembers/Rallies
ReligiousFigures/Institutions
85=ReligiousFigures
86=PlacesofWorship
87=AffiliatedInstitutions
Telecommunication
88=Radio
89=Television
90=Telephone/Telegraph
91=InternetInfrastructure
92=MultipleTelecommunicationTargets
Terrorist/NonStateMilitia
93=TerroristOrganization
94=NonStateMilitia
Tourists
95=TourismTravelAgency
96=TourBus/Van/Vehicle
97=Tourists
98=OtherFacilities
Transportation
99=Bus(excludingtourist)
100=Train/TrainTracks/Trolley
101=BusStation/Stop
102=Subway
103=Bridge/CarTunnel
104=Highway/Road/Toll/TrafficSignal
105=Taxi/Rickshaw
Unknown
[Nocorrespondingtargetsubtypes]
Utilities
106=Gas
107=Electricity
108=Oil
ViolentPoliticalParties
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DECEMBER 2013
[Nocorrespondingtargetsubtypes]
NameofEntity
(corp1)
TextVariable
Thisisthenameofthecorporateentityorgovernmentagencythatwastargeted.If
theelementtargetedisunspecified,Unknownislisted.Ifnospecificentitywas
targeted,NotApplicableisrecorded.
SpecificTarget/Victim
(target1)
TextVariable
Thisisthespecificperson,building,installation,etc.,thatwastargetedand/or
victimizedandisapartoftheentitynamedabove.(Forexample,iftheU.S.Embassy
inCountryXwasattackedtheNameofEntitywouldbeUnitedStates
DepartmentofStateandtheSpecificTarget/VictimwouldbeUnitedStates
Embassy).Ifnamesofvictimsareknown,theyarelistedhereprecededbythe
specifictypeoftarget(e.g.,civilians,soldiers,officers).
NationalityofTarget/Victim
(natlty1)
CategoricalVariable
Thisisthenationalityofthetargetthatwasattacked,andisnotnecessarilythe
sameasthecountryinwhichtheincidentoccurred,althoughinmostcasesitis.For
hijackingincidents,thenationalityoftheplaneisrecordedandnotthatofthe
passengers.Fornumericnationalitycodes,pleaseseethecountrycodesinSection
III.
SecondTarget/VictimType
(targtype2)
CategoricalVariable
ConventionsfollowTarget/VictimTypefield.
SecondTarget/VictimSubtype
(targsubtype2)
CategoricalVariable
ConventionsfollowTarget/VictimSubtypefield.
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DECEMBER 2013
NameofSecondEntity
(corp2)
TextVariable
ConventionsfollowNameofEntityfield.
SecondSpecificTarget/Victim
(target2)
TextVariable
ConventionsfollowSpecificTarget/Victimfield.
NationalityofSecondTarget/Victim
(natlty2)
CategoricalVariable
ConventionsfollowNationalityofTargetfield.Fornumericnationalitycodes,
pleaseseethecountrycodesinSectionIII.
ThirdTarget/VictimType
(targtype3)
CategoricalVariable
ThirdTarget/VictimSubtype
(targsubtype3)
CategoricalVariable
ConventionsfollowTarget/VictimSubtypefield.
NameofThirdEntity
(corp3)
TextVariable
ConventionsfollowNameofEntityfield.
ThirdSpecificTarget/Victim
(target3)
TextVariable
ConventionsfollowSpecificTarget/Victimfield.
NationalityofThirdTarget/Victim
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DECEMBER 2013
(natlty3)
CategoricalVariable
ConventionsfollowNationalityofTarget/Victimfield.Fornumericnationality
codes,pleaseseethecountrycodesinSectionIII.
PerpetratorInformation
Informationonuptothreeperpetratorsisrecordedforeachincident.Thisincludes
theperpetratorgroupnameandtheperpetratorgroupsubname,aswellasdetails
aboutanyclaimsofresponsibilityfortheattack.Notethattheperpetrator
attributionsrecordedforeachattackreflectwhatisreportedinopensourcemedia
accounts,whichdoesnotnecessarilyindicatealegalfindingofculpability.
PerpetratorGroupName
(gname)
TextVariable
Thisfieldcontainsthenameofthegroupthatcarriedouttheattack.Inorderto
ensureconsistencyintheusageofgroupnamesforthedatabase,theGTDdatabase
usesastandardizedlistofgroupnamesthathavebeenestablishedbyprojectstaff
toserveasareferenceforallsubsequententries.
Ifnoinformationabouttheperpetratorgroupisavailable,thisfieldiscodedas
Unknown.Foreventsthatoccurredpost1997,iftheperpetratorisanindividual
whoisnotaffiliatedtoaperpetratorgroup,thisfieldiscodedasIndividual(s).
PerpetratorSubGroupName
(gsubname)
TextVariable
Thisfieldcontainsanyadditionalqualifiersordetailsaboutthenameofthegroup
thatcarriedouttheattack.Thisincludesbutisnotlimitedtothenameofthe
specificfactionwhenavailable.
SecondPerpetratorGroupName
(gname2)
TextVariable
Thisfieldisusedtorecordthenameofthesecondperpetratorwhenresponsibility
fortheattackisattributedtomorethanoneperpetrator.Conventionsfollow
PerpetratorGroupfield.
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DECEMBER 2013
SecondPerpetratorSubGroupName
(gsubname2)
TextVariable
Thisfieldisusedtorecordadditionalqualifiersordetailsaboutthesecond
perpetratorgroupnamewhenresponsibilityfortheattackisattributedtomore
thanoneperpetrator.ConventionsfollowPerpetratorSubGroupNamefield.
ThirdPerpetratorGroupName
(gname3)
TextVariable
Thisfieldisusedtorecordthenameofthethirdperpetratorwhenresponsibilityfor
theattackisattributedtomorethantwoperpetrators.Conventionsfollow
PerpetratorGroupfield.
ThirdPerpetratorSubGroupName
(gsubname3)
TextVariable
Thisfieldisusedtorecordadditionalqualifiersofdetailsaboutthethirdperpetrator
groupnamewhenresponsibilityfortheattackisattributedtomorethantwo
perpetrators.ConventionsfollowPerpetratorSubGroupNamefield.
FirstPerpetratorGroupSuspected/Unconfirmed?
(guncertain1)
CategoricalVariable
Thisvariableindicateswhetherornottheinformationreportedbysourcesabout
thePerpetratorGroupName(s)isbasedonspeculationordubiousclaimsof
responsibility.
1="Yes"
0="No"
Theperpetratorattribution(s)fortheincidentaresuspected.
Theperpetratorattribution(s)fortheincidentarenot
suspected.
SecondPerpetratorGroupSuspected/Unconfirmed?
(guncertain2)
CategoricalVariable
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DECEMBER 2013
responsibility.
1="Yes"
0="No"
suspected.
ConventionsfollowFirstPerpetratorGroupSuspected/Unconfirmed?
ThirdPerpetratorGroupSuspected/Unconfirmed?
(guncertain3)
CategoricalVariable
responsibility.
1="Yes"
0="No"
suspected.
ConventionsfollowFirstPerpetratorGroupSuspected/Unconfirmed?
NumberofPerpetrators
(nperps)
NumericVariable
Thisfieldindicatesthetotalnumberofterroristsparticipatingintheincident.(Inthe
instanceofmultipleperpetratorgroupsparticipatinginonecase,thetotalnumber
ofperpetrators,acrossgroups,isrecorded).Thereareoftendiscrepanciesin
informationonthisvalue.
Whereseveralindependentcrediblesourcesreportdifferentnumbersofattackers,
thevalueofthisvariablereflectsthenumbergivenbythemajorityofsources,
unlessthereisreasontodootherwise.Wherethereisnomajorityfigureamong
independentsources,thedatabaserecordsthelowestprofferedperpetratorfigure,
unlessthereisclearreasontodootherwise.Incaseswherethenumberof
perpetratorsisstatedvaguely,forexampleatleast11attackers,thenthelowest
possiblenumberisrecorded,inthisexample,11.99orUnknownappears
whenthenumberofperpetratorsisnotreported.
NumberofPerpetratorsCaptured
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DECEMBER 2013
(nperpcap)
NumericVariable
Thisfieldrecordsthenumberofperpetratorstakenintocustody.99or
Unknownappearswhenthereisevidenceofcaptured,butthenumberisnot
reported.
Divergentreportsonthenumberofperpetratorscapturedaredealtwithinsame
mannerusedfortheNumberofPerpetratorsvariabledescribedabove.
Note:Thisfieldispresentlyonlysystematicallyavailablewithincidentsoccurring
after1997.
ClaimofResponsibility?
(claimed)
CategoricalVariable
Thisfieldisusedtoindicatewhetheragrouporperson(s)claimedresponsibilityfor
theattack.IfmarkedYes,itindicatesthatapersonoragroupdidinfactclaim
responsibility.Whentherearemultipleperpetratorgroupsinvolved,thisfieldrefers
totheFirstPerpetratorGroup(separatefieldsfortheSecondandThirdgroups
followbelow).
1="Yes"
0="No"
Agrouporpersonclaimedresponsibilityfortheattack.
Noclaimofresponsibilitywasmade.
ModeforClaimofResponsibility
(claimmode)
CategoricalVariable
Thisrecordsoneof10modesusedbyclaimantstoclaimresponsibilityandmightbe
usefultoverifyauthenticity,tracktrendsinbehavior,etc.Ifgreaterdetailexists(for
instance,aparticularlynovelorstrangemodeisused)thisinformationiscapturedin
theAdditionalNotesfield.
ModeValues:
1=Letter
6=Video
2=Call(postincident)
7=Postedtowebsite,blog,etc.
3=Call(preincident)
8=Personalclaim
4=Email
9=Other
5=Noteleftatscene
10=Unknown
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DECEMBER 2013
after1997.
CompetingClaimsofResponsibility?
(compclaim)
CategoricalVariable
Thisfieldisusedtoindicatewhethermorethanonegroupclaimedseparate
responsibilityfortheattack.IfmarkedYes,itindicatesthatthegroupsenteredin
conjunctionwiththecaseeachclaimedresponsibilityfortheattack(i.e.,theydidnot
worktogether,buteachindependentlytriedtoclaimcreditfortheattack).
1="Yes"
0="No"
Therearecompetingclaimsofresponsibilityfortheattack.
Therearenotcompetingclaimsofresponsibilityforthe
attack.
after1997.
SecondGroupClaimofResponsibility?
(claim2)
CategoricalVariable
1="Yes"
0="No"
ConventionsfollowtheClaimofResponsibilityfield.
Note:Thisfieldispresentlyonlysystematicallyavailableforincidentsoccurringafter
1997.
ModeforSecondGroupClaimof
Responsibility
(claimmode2)
CategoricalVariable
ConventionsfollowtheModeforClaimofResponsibilityfield.
Note:Thisfieldispresentlyonlysystematicallyavailableforincidentsoccurringafter
1997.
ThirdGroupClaimofResponsibility?
(claim3)
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DECEMBER 2013
CategoricalVariable
1="Yes"
0="No"
ConventionsfollowtheClaimofResponsibilityfield.
after1997.
ModeforThirdGroupClaimofResponsibility
(claimmode3)
CategoricalVariable
ConventionsfollowModeforClaimofResponsibilityfield.
after1997.
Motive
(motive)
TextVariable
Whenreportsexplicitlymentionaspecificmotivefortheattack,thismotiveis
recordedintheMotivefield.Thisfieldmayalsoincludegeneralinformationabout
thepolitical,social,oreconomicclimateatthetimeoftheattackifconsidered
relevanttothemotivationunderlyingtheincident.
after1997.
VII.CasualtiesandConsequences
TotalNumberofFatalities
(nkill)
NumericVariable
Thisfieldstoresthenumberoftotalconfirmedfatalitiesfortheincident.The
numberincludesallvictimsandattackerswhodiedasadirectresultoftheincident.
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DECEMBER 2013
Wherethereisevidenceoffatalities,butafigureisnotreportedoritistoovagueto
beofuse,suchasmanyorsome,99(unknown)isthevaluegiventothisfield.
Ifinformationismissingregardingthenumberofvictimskilledinanattack,but
perpetratorfatalitiesareknown,thisvaluewillreflectonlythenumberof
perpetratorswhodiedasaresultoftheincident.Likewise,ifinformationonthe
numberofperpetratorskilledinanattackismissing,butvictimfatalitiesareknown,
thisfieldwillonlyreportthenumberofvictimskilledintheincident.
Whereseveralindependentsourcesreportdifferentnumbersofcasualties,the
databasewillusuallyreflectthenumbergivenbythemostrecentsource.However,
themostrecentsourcewillnotbeusedifthesourceitselfisofquestionablevalidity
orifthesourcebasesitscasualtynumbersonclaimsmadebyaperpetratorgroup.
Whenthereareseveralmostrecentsourcespublishedaroundthesametime,or
thereareconcernsaboutthevalidityofarecentsource,themajorityfigurewillbe
used.Wherethereisnomajorityfigureamongindependentsources,thedatabase
willrecordthelowestprofferedfatalityfigure,unlessthatfigurecomesfroma
sourceofquestionablevalidityorthereisanothercompellingreasontodo
otherwise.ConflictingreportsoffatalitieswillbenotedintheAdditionalNotes
field.
Note:PreservationofStatisticalAccuracy
Whenseveralcasesarelinkedtogether,sourcessometimesprovideacumulative
fatalitytotalforalloftheeventsratherthanfatalityfiguresforeachincident.Insuch
cases,thepreservationofstatisticalaccuracyisachievedbyevenlydistributing
fatalitiesacrossthelinkedincidents.Dependingonthenumberoflinkedeventsand
thecumulativetotaloffatalities,itispossibleforfractionstoappearinthefatality
fieldforindividualevents.ItwillbenotedintheAdditionalNotesfieldwhenever
cumulativetotalsaredividedacrossmultipleevents.Thismethodforpreserving
statisticalaccuracyisalsousedforcalculatingthevaluesforthefollowingfields
whenindividualeventtotalsareunknown:NumberofU.S.Fatalities,Numberof
PerpetratorFatalities,TotalNumberofInjured,NumberofU.S.Injured,and
NumberofPerpetratorsInjured.
NumberofU.S.Fatalities
(nkillus)
NumericVariable
ThisfieldrecordsthenumberofU.S.citizenswhodiedasaresultoftheincident,
andfollowstheconventionsofTotalNumberofFatalitiesdescribedabove.Thus,
thisfieldrecordsthenumberofU.S.victimsandU.S.perpetratorswhodiedasa
resultoftheattack.ThevalueforthisfieldisnotlimitedtoU.S.citizenskilledonU.S.
soil,butalsoincludesU.S.citizenswhodiedinincidentsoccurringoutsideoftheU.S.
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DECEMBER 2013
NumberofPerpetratorFatalities
(nkillter)
NumericVariable
Limitedtoonlyperpetratorfatalities,thisfieldfollowstheconventionsoftheTotal
NumberofFatalitiesfielddescribedabove.
TotalNumberofInjured
(nwound)
NumericVariable
Thisfieldrecordsthenumberofconfirmednonfatalinjuriestobothperpetrators
andvictims.ItfollowstheconventionsoftheTotalNumberofFatalitiesfield
describedabove.
NumberofU.S.Injured
(nwoundus)
NumericVariable
ThisfieldrecordsthenumberofconfirmednonfatalinjuriestoU.S.citizens,both
perpetratorsandvictims.ItfollowstheconventionsoftheNumberofU.S.
Fatalitiesfielddescribedabove.
NumberofPerpetratorsInjured
(nwoundte)
NumericVariable
ConventionsfollowtheNumberofPerpetratorFatalitiesfielddescribedabove.
PropertyDamage
(property)
CategoricalVariable
Yesappearsifthereisevidenceofpropertydamagefromtheincident.
1="Yes"
Theincidentresultedinpropertydamage.
0="No"
Theincidentdidnotresultinpropertydamage.
9="Unknown"
Itisunknowniftheincidentresultedinproperty
damage.
ExtentofPropertyDamage
(propextent)
CategoricalVariable
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DECEMBER 2013
IfPropertyDamage?isYes,thenoneofthefollowingfourcategoriesdescribes
theextentofthepropertydamage:
1=Catastrophic(likely>$1billion)
2=Major(likely>$1millionbut<$1billion)
3=Minor(likely<$1million)
4=Unknown
ValueofPropertyDamage(inUSD)
(propvalue)
NumericVariable
IfPropertyDamage?isYes,thentheexactU.S.dollaramount(atthetimeofthe
incident)oftotaldamagesislisted.Whereapplicable,propertyvaluesreportedin
foreigncurrenciesareconvertedtoU.S.dollarsbeforebeingenteredintotheGTD.If
nodollarfigureisreported,thefieldisleftblank.Thatis,ablankfieldheredoesnot
indicatethattherewasnopropertydamagebut,rather,thatnopreciseestimateof
thevaluewasavailable.Thevalueofdamagesonlyincludesdirecteconomiceffects
oftheincident(i.e.costofbuildings,etc.)andnotindirecteconomiccosts(longer
termeffectsonthecompany,industry,tourism,etc.).
Protocolsforrecordinginconsistentnumbers,etc.,listedabovearefollowed(see,
forexample,NumberofPerpetrators).
PropertyDamageComments
(propcomment)
TextVariable
IfPropertyDamage?isYes,thennonmonetaryorimprecisemeasuresof
damagemaybedescribedinthisfield.Thisfieldisalsousedtolistspecificdetails
aboutthepropertythatwasdamagedinanattack,suchasthetypeofvehiclethat
wasdestroyed,theareasorpartsofabuildingthatweredamaged,orthetypesof
assetsthatwerestolen.
HostagesorKidnappingVictims
(ishostkid)
CategoricalVariable
Thisfieldrecordswhetherornotthevictimsweretakenhostage(i.e.heldagainst
theirwill)orkidnapped(i.e.heldagainsttheirwillandtakentoanotherlocation)
duringanincident.
1="Yes"
Thevictimsweretakenhostageorkidnapped.
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DECEMBER 2013
0="No"
9="Unknown"
Thevictimswerenottakenhostageorkidnapped.
Itisunknownifthevictimsweretakenhostageor
kidnapped.
TotalNumberofHostages/KidnappingVictims
(nhostkid)
NumericVariable
Thisfieldrecordsthetotalnumberofhostagesorkidnappingvictims.Forsuccessful
hijackings,thisvaluewillreflectthetotalnumberofcrewmembersandpassengers
aboardthevehicleatthetimeoftheincident.
Aswithotherfields,whereseveralindependentsourcesreportdifferentnumbersof
hostages,theGTDreflectsthenumbergivenbythemostrecentsource,unlessthere
isreasontodootherwise.Whenthereareseveralmostrecentsourcesavailable,or
therearequestionaboutthevalidityofarecentsource,theGTDwillreportthe
majorityfigurefromagroupofindependentsources.Wherethereisnomajority
figureamongindependentsources,thedatabasewillrecordthelowestproffered
hostagefigure,unlessthereisclearreasontodootherwise.
Incaseswherethenumberofhostagesorkidnappingvictimsisstatedvaguely,for
example,atleast11hostages,thenthelowestpossiblenumberwillberecorded,
inthisexample11.Ifthenumberofhostagesisunknownorunidentified,thisfield
records99(unknown).
U.S.HostagesorKidnappingVictims
(ishostkidus)
CategoricalVariable
ThisfieldrecordswhetherornotU.S.citizensweretakenhostage(i.e.heldagainst
theirwill)orkidnapped(i.e.heldagainsttheirwillandtakentoanotherlocation)
duringanincident.
1="Yes"
0="No"
9="Unknown"
U.S.citizensweretakenhostageorkidnapped.
U.S.citizenswerenottakenhostageorkidnapped.
ItisunknownifU.S.citizensweretakenhostageor
kidnapped.
NumberofU.S.Hostages/KidnappingVictims
(nhostkidus)
NumericVariable
49
DECEMBER 2013
ThisfieldreportsthenumberofU.S.citizensthatweretakenhostageorkidnapped
intheincident.ConventionsfollowtheTotalNumberofHostages/Kidnapping
Victimsfielddescribedabove.
HoursofKidnapping/HostageIncident
(nhours)
NumericVariable
IftheAttackTypeisHostageTaking(Kidnapping),HostageTaking(Barricade
Incident),orasuccessfulHijacking,thenthedurationoftheincidentisrecorded
eitherinthisfieldorinthenextfielddependingonwhethertheincidentlasteda
matterofhoursordays.Ifneitherhoursnordaysareknown,bothfieldsarecoded
as99(unknown).
Iftheincidentlastedforlessthan24hours,thisfieldrecordstheapproximate
numberofhours.
Iftheincidentlastedformorethan24hours(i.e.,atleastoneday),thenthe
approximatenumberofdaysisrecordedinthenextfield.
DaysofKidnapping/HostageIncident
(ndays)
NumericVariable
Incident),or(successful)Hijackingandifthedurationofthekidnapping/hostage
incidentlastformorethan24hours,thisfieldrecordsthedurationoftheincidentin
days.Ifinformationonhoursanddaysisprovided,thefigureisroundedtothe
nearestday.
CountryThatKidnappers/HijackersDivertedTo
(divert)
TextVariable
IftheAttackTypeisHostageTaking(Kidnapping)orHijackingthenthisfield
willlistthecountrythathijackersdivertedavehicleto,orthecountrythatthe
kidnapvictimsweremovedtoandheld.Ifhijackersdidnotdivertavehicleto
anothercountry,thisfieldisblank.Ifavehiclewasdivertedtomultiplecountries,
thisfieldwillrecordthefirstcountrythatthevehiclewasdivertedto,andtheothers
willbelistedintheAdditionalNotesfield.
CountryofKidnapping/HijackingResolution
(kidhijcountry)
TextVariable
50
DECEMBER 2013
IftheAttackTypeisHostageTaking(Kidnapping)orHijackingthenthisfield
liststhecountryinwhichtheincidentwasresolvedorended.Iftheincidentwasnot
resolvedinanothercountry,thisfieldisblank.Ifavehiclewasdivertedtomorethan
onecountry,thisfieldwillrecordthelastcountrythatitwasdivertedto,andthe
otherswillbelistedintheAdditionalNotesfield.
RansomDemanded
(ransom)
CategoricalVariable
1="Yes"
0="No"
9="Unknown"
Theincidentinvolvedademandofransom.
Theincidentdidnotinvolveademandofransom.
Itisunknowniftheincidentinvolvedademandof
ransom.
TotalRansomAmountDemanded
(ransomamt)
NumericVariable
Ifaransomwasdemanded,thentheamount(inU.S.dollars)islistedinthisfield.Ifa
ransomwasdemandedbutthemonetaryfigureisunknown,thenthisfieldwill
report99(unknown).Ifthereareconflictingreportsontheamountofransom
demanded,themajorityfigurefromindependentsourceswillbeused.Ifnomajority
exists,thelowestprofferedfigurewillbeused,unlessthatfigurecomesfroma
sourceofquestionablevalidityorthereisanothercompellingreasontodo
otherwise.
RansomDemandedfromU.S.Source(s)
(ransomus)
CategoricalVariable
1="Yes"
0="No"
9="Unknown"
TheincidentinvolvedademandofransomfromaU.S.
source.
Theincidentdidnotinvolveademandofransomfrom
aU.S.source.
Itisunknowniftheincidentinvolvedademandof
ransomfromaU.S.source.
RansomAmountDemandedfromU.S.Sources
(ransomamtus)
NumericVariable
51
DECEMBER 2013
IfaransomwasdemandedfromU.S.sources,thentheamount(inU.S.dollars)is
listedinthisfield.IfaransomwasdemandedfromU.S.sourcesbutthemonetary
figureisunknown,thenthisfieldwillreport99(unknown).Ifthereareconflicting
reportsontheamountofransomdemandedfromaU.S.source,themajorityfigure
fromindependentsourceswillbeused.Ifnomajorityexists,thelowestproffered
figurewillbeused,unlessthereisareasontodootherwise.
TotalRansomAmountPaid
(ransompaid)
NumericVariable
Ifaransomamountwaspaid,thentheamount(inU.S.dollars)islistedinthisfield.
Ifaransomwaspaidbutthemonetaryfigurewasunspecified,thenthisfieldwill
report99(unknown).Avalueof99willalsobereportedforanycasewhereit
issuspectedthataransomwaspaid,butithasnotbeenconfirmed.Ifthereare
conflictingreportsontheamountofransompaid,themajorityfigurefrom
independentsourceswillbeused.Ifnomajorityexists,thelowestprofferedfigure
willbeused,unlessthatfigurecomesfromasourceofquestionablevalidityorthere
isanothercompellingreasontodootherwise.
RansomAmountPaidByU.S.Sources
(ransompaidus)
NumericVariable
IfaransomamountwaspaidbyU.S.sources,thenthisfigureislistedinU.S.dollars.
IfaransomwaspaidbyU.S.sourcesbutthemonetaryfigurewasunspecified,then
thisfieldwillreport99(unknown).Ifthereareconflictingreportsontheamount
ofransompaidbyaU.S.source,themajorityfigurefromindependentsourceswill
beused.Ifnomajorityexists,thelowestprofferedfigurewillbeused,unlessthat
figurecomesfromasourceofquestionablevalidityorthereisanothercompelling
reasontodootherwise.
RansomNotes
(ransomnote)
TextVariable
Thisfieldisusedtorecordanyspecificdetailsrelatingtoaransomthatarenot
capturedintheotherfields.Thisincludesanyinformationaboutnonmoney
demandsmadebyperpetrators,aswellasinformationonconflictingreportsofhow
muchmoneywasdemandedand/orpaid.
after1997.
52
DECEMBER 2013
Kidnapping/HostageOutcome
(hostkidoutcome)
CategoricalVariable
Thisfieldcapturestheeventualfateofhostagesandkidnapvictims.IftheAttack
TypeisHostageTaking(Kidnapping),HostageTaking(BarricadeIncident),ora
successfulHijacking,thenthisfieldapplies.Thesevenvaluesforthisfieldare:
1=AttemptedRescue
2=Hostage(s)releasedbyperpetrators
3=Hostage(s)escaped(notduringrescueattempt)
4=Hostage(s)killed(notduringrescueattempt)
5=SuccessfulRescue
6=Combination
7=Unknown
NumberReleased/Escaped/Rescued
(nreleased)
NumericVariable
Incident),orasuccessfulHijacking,thenthisfieldwillapply.Thisfieldrecordsthe
numberofhostageswhosurvivedtheincident.
Aswiththetotalnumberofkidnappingvictims,whereseveralindependentsources
reportdifferentnumbersofhostages,thedatabasewillreflectthenumbergivenby
themostrecentsource,unlessthereisreasontodootherwise.Ifthereareseveral
mostrecentsourcesavailable,themajoritynumberformagroupofindependent
sourceswillbeused,unlessthereisreasontodootherwise.Wherethereisno
majorityfigureamongindependentsources,thedatabasewillrecordthelowest
profferedhostagereleased/escaped/rescuedfigure,unlessthereisclearreasonto
dootherwise.
Incaseswherethenumberofhostagesreleased/escaped/rescuedisstatedvaguely,
forexampleatleast11hostageswerereleased,thenthelowestpossible
numberwillberecorded,inthisexample11.
VIII.AdditionalInformationandSources
AdditionalNotes
(addnotes)
53
DECEMBER 2013
TextVariable
Thisfieldisusedtocapturethefollowinginformation:
Additionalinformationthatcouldnotbecapturedinanyoftheabovefields,
suchasdetailsabouthostageconditionsoradditionalcountrieshijacked
vehiclesweredivertedto.
Supplementalimportantinformationnotspecifictotheparticularattack,
suchasmultipleattacksinthesameareaorbythesameperpetrator.
Uncertaintiesaboutthedata(suchasdifferingreportsofcasualtynumbers
orperpetratorsresponsible).
Unusualfactors,suchasashiftintactics,thereappearanceofan
organization,theemergenceofaneworganization,anattackcarriedouton
ahistoricaldate,oranescalationofaviolentcampaign.
Thefate(legal,health,orotherwise)ofeithervictimsorperpetratorswhere
thisismentionedinGTDsourcedocuments.
Inaddition,theinstructionsforseveralfieldslistedabovehavespecific
indicationsforplacingadditionalinformationintheAdditionalNotesfield,
asneeded:
SpecificTarget/Victim
IftheTarget/Victimismultiplevictims(e.g.,inakidnappingor
assassination),onlythefirstnameisrecordedintheSpecific
Target/Victimfield,withremainingnamesrecordedinthe
AdditionalNotesfield.
PerpetratorIndividual(s)Name(s)
Namesofindividualsidentifiedasplanners,bombmakers,etc.,who
areindirectlyinvolvedinanattack,mayrecordedintheAdditional
Notesfield.
ModeforClaimofResponsibility
IfgreaterdetailisneededthanprovidedfortheModeforClaimof
Responsibilityfield(forinstance,aparticularlynovelorstrange
modeisused)thisinformationmaybecapturedintheAdditional
Notesfield.
Kidnapping/HostageOutcome
IfgreaterdetailisavailablethantheKidnapping/HostageOutcome
fieldallows,thenfurtherdetailsaboutthefateof
hostages/kidnappedmayberecordedintheAdditionalNotesfield.
54
DECEMBER 2013
after1997.
InternationalLogistical
(INT_LOG)
(CategoricalVariable)
Thisvariableisbasedonacomparisonbetweenthenationalityoftheperpetrator
groupandthelocationoftheattack.Itindicateswhetheraperpetratorgroup
crossedabordertocarryoutanattack.Typicallytheborderisanationalborder,
howeverincaseswhereperpetratorgroupsrepresentnoncontiguouscontested
territory(e.g.,PuertoRico,Corsica,NorthernIreland)orasecureborder(e.g.,West
BankandGazaStrip)thenationalityoftheperpetratorgroupiscodedasthe
contestedterritoryandattacksagainsttheparentcountryarecodedaslogistically
international.
1="Yes"
0="No"
9="Unknown"
Theattackwaslogisticallyinternational;thenationalityofthe
perpetratorgroupdiffersfromthelocationoftheattack.If
theperpetratorgroupismultinational,theattackislogistically
internationalifallofthegroupsnationalitiesdifferfromthe
locationoftheattack.
Theattackwaslogisticallydomestic;thenationalityofthe
perpetratorgroupisthesameasthelocationoftheattack.If
theperpetratorgroupismultinational,theattackislogistically
domesticifanyofthegroupsnationalitiesisthesameasthe
locationoftheattack.
Itisunknowniftheattackwaslogisticallyinternationalor
domestic;thenationalityoftheperpetratorgroupis
unknown.
Note:ThenationalityoftheperpetratorgroupisnotincludedintheGTD,butwas
collectedasanauxiliaryvariableforthepurposeofcodingthe
international/domesticvariables.Itisnotavailablefordistributionatthistime.
Also,perpetratornationalityisonlyidentifiedforgroupsororganizations,notfor
individualperpetrators.Forcaseswheretheperpetratorgroupisunidentified,or
theattackwascarriedoutbyunaffiliatedindividuals,thenationalityofthe
perpetratorgroupisunknown.
InternationalIdeological
(INT_IDEO)
55
DECEMBER 2013
Thisvariableisbasedonacomparisonbetweenthenationalityoftheperpetrator
groupandthenationalityofthetarget(s)/victim(s).Itindicateswhethera
perpetratorgroupattackedatargetofadifferentnationality.Unlikethelogistically
internationalvariable,incaseswhereperpetratorgroupsrepresentnoncontiguous
contestedterritory(e.g.,PuertoRico,Corsica,NorthernIreland)orasecureborder
(e.g.,WestBankandGazaStrip)thenationalityoftheperpetratorgroupiscodedas
theparentcountryandattacksagainsttheparentcountryarecodedasideologically
domestic.
1="Yes"
0="No"
9="Unknown"
Theattackwasideologicallyinternational;thenationalityof
theperpetratorgroupdiffersfromthenationalityofthe
target(s)/victim(s).Iftheperpetratorgrouportargetis
multinational,theattackisideologicallyinternational.
Theattackwasideologicallydomestic;anyandallnationalities
oftheperpetratorgrouparethesameasthenationalitiesof
thetarget(s)/victim(s).
Itisunknowniftheattackwaslogisticallyinternationalor
domestic;thenationalityoftheperpetratorgrouporthe
nationalityofthetarget/victimisunknown.
Note:ThenationalityoftheperpetratorgroupisnotincludedintheGTD,butwas
collectedasanauxiliaryvariableforthepurposeofcodingthe
international/domesticvariables.Itisnotavailablefordistributionatthistime.
Also,perpetratornationalityisonlyidentifiedforgroupsororganizations,notfor
individualperpetrators.Forcaseswheretheperpetratorgroupisunidentified,or
theattackwascarriedoutbyunaffiliatedindividuals,thenationalityofthe
perpetratorgroupisunknown.
InternationalMiscellaneous
(INT_MISC)
Thisvariableisbasedonacomparisonbetweenthelocationoftheattackandthe
nationalityofthetarget(s)/victim(s).Itindicateswhetheraperpetratorgroup
attackedatargetofadifferentnationality.Unlikethelogisticallyinternationaland
ideologicallyinternationalvariables,itdoesnotrequireinformationaboutthe
nationalityoftheperpetratorgroup.Ifanattackisinternationalonthisdimension,it
isnecessarilyalsoeitherlogisticallyinternationalorideologicallyinternational,butit
isnotclearwhichone.Ifanattackisdomesticonthisdimension,itmayalsobe
logisticallyinternationalorideologicallyinternational,ordomesticonall
dimensions.
56
DECEMBER 2013
1="Yes"
0="No"
9="Unknown"
Theattackwasmiscellaneousinternational;thelocationof
theattackdiffersfromthenationalityofthe
target(s)/victim(s).
Theattackwasmiscellaneousdomestic;thelocationofthe
attackisthesameasthenationalitiesofthe
target(s)/victim(s).
Itisunknowniftheattackwasmiscellaneousinternationalor
domestic;thenationalityoftarget/victimisunknown.
InternationalAnyoftheabove
(INT_ANY)
1="Yes"
0="No"
9="Unknown"
Theattackwasinternationalonanyofthedimensions
describedabove(logistically,ideologically,miscellaneous)
Theattackwasdomesticonallofthedimensionsdescribed
above(logistically,ideologically,miscellaneous);
Itisunknowniftheattackwasinternationalordomestic;the
valueforoneormoredimensionsisunknown.
FirstSourceCitation
(scite1)
TextVariable
Thisfieldcitesthefirstsourcethatwasusedtocompileinformationonthespecific
incident.
after1997.
SecondSourceCitation
(scite2)
TextVariable
Thisfieldcitesthesecondsourcethatwasusedtocompileinformationonthe
specificincident.
after1997.
57
DECEMBER 2013
ThirdSourceCitation
(scite3)
TextVariable
Thisfieldcitesthethirdsourcethatwasusedtocompileinformationonthespecific
incident.
after1997.
DataCollection
(dbsource)
TextVariable
Thisfieldidentifiestheoriginaldatacollectioneffortinwhicheacheventwas
recorded.Eachvaluecorrespondstoadifferentdatacollectionprojectorgroup.The
threelargest(PGIS,CETIS,andISVG)correspondtotheoriginalcollectioneffortsfor
GTD1,GTD2,andGTD3,respectively.Theadditionalvaluescorrespondto
retrospectivedatacollectioneffortsundertakenbySTARTaspartoflargerresearch
projectsatthecenter.Theoriginatingsourceinthoseprojectswasusedtoidentify
casesthatwerenotintheGTDbutcouldbeidentifiedinotherreputablemedia
sources.Thesecaseswerethenresearched,sourced,andaddedtotheGTD.
58
DECEMBER 2013
Table:DataCollectionEffortsfortheGlobalTerrorismDatabase,19702012.
DataCollectionEffort
AntiAbortionProject2010
ArmenianWebsite
CAIN
#ofEvents OriginatingSources
187
40
1589
CBRNGlobalChronology
CETIS
47
16188
DisordersandTerrorism
Chronology
EcoProject2010
146
HewittProject
1005
HijackingDB
54
HSI
97
Hyland
73
ISVG
17206
LeuprechtCanadianData
PGIS
Sageman
63789
3
STARTPrimaryCollection
9531
CasesfromtheNationalAbortionFederationandotherdatasourcesonanti
abortionattacksintheUnitedStates
AustralianTurkishMediaGroup
ConflictArchiveontheInternetforNorthernIreland
Mohtadi,HamidandAntuMurshid.2006.AGlobalChronologyofIncidentsof
Chemical,Biological,Radioactive,andNuclearAttacks:19502005.Minneapolis,
MN:NationalCenterforFoodProtectionandDefense.
CenterforTerrorismandIntelligenceStudiesCollectedGTD2
NationalAdvisoryCommitteeonCriminalJusticeStandardsandGoals,TaskForce
onDisordersandTerrorism(1976)ReportoftheTaskForceonDisordersand
Terrorism.Washington,D.C.:UnitedStatesDepartmentofJustice.
CasesonecoterrorismwithintheUnitedStates
Hewitt,Christopher.2005.PoliticalViolenceandTerrorisminModernAmerica:A
Chronology.PraegerSecurityInternationa:Westport,CT.
FederalAviationAdministration.1983.AircraftHijackingsandOtherCriminal
ActsAgainstCivilAviationStatisticalandNarrativeReports.Washington,DC:
OfficeofCivilAviationSecurity.
HomelandSecurityInstitute.2005.UnderlyingReasonsforSuccessful&
UnsuccessfulTerroristAttacksAgainsttheU.S.Homeland&SelectedU.S.
InterestsAbroad.Washington,D.C.
Hyland,FrancisP.1991.ArmenianTerrorism:thePast,thePresent,theProspects.
BoulderSanFranciscoOxford:WestviewPress.
InstitutefortheStudyofViolentGroupsCollectedGTD3(20082011)
DataonattacksinCanadaprovidedbyChristianLeuprecht,RoyalMilitaryCollege
ofCanada
PinkertonGlobalIntelligenceServices collectedGTD1
CasesfromMarcSageman'sBook,UnderstandingTerrorNetworks
NationalConsortiumfortheStudyofTerrorismandResponsestoTerrorism
(2011present)
StateDepartment1997
Document
27
UnitedStatesDepartmentofState.1997.SignificantIncidentsofPolitical
ViolenceAgainstAmericans.Washington,D.C.:BureauofDiplomaticSecurity.
UMDAlgeria20102012
848
MultisourcecomparisonofeventsfromAlgeriabetween19902010,including
MaghrebandSahelTerrorismbyYonahAlexander.
UMDAssassinations
Project
18
Multisourcesearchofhighprofileassassinations
UMDBlackWidows2011
Multisourcecomparisonofeventsbythe"BlackWidows"attackersinChechnya.
UMDEncyclopediaof
WorldTerrorism2012
UMDJTMMNepal2012
UMDMiscellaneous
104
72
UMDSchmid2012
1169
UMDSouthAfrica
449
SouthAfricaTruthandReconciliationCommission.1998.Truthand
ReconciliationCommissionofSouthAfricaReport.Johannesburg,SouthAfrica.
UMDSriLanka2011
405
MultisourcecomparisonofeventsfromSriLankabetween1970and2008
48
Crenshaw,Martha,andJohnPimlott (eds.)2001.EncyclopediaofWorld
Terrorism.SharpeReference.Armonk,NY.
MultisourcesearchofJanatantrikTeraiMuktiMorchaandrelatedgroups
Miscellaneouseventsfromavarietyofsmalldataimprovementprojects.
AlexP.Schmid,DirectoroftheTerrorismResearchInitiative(TRI)provideddata
hedevelopedinthecourseofhiscareerinacademiaandintheUnitedNations
59
DECEMBER 2013
APPENDIXI:COUNTRYLEVELSTATISTICSFOR1993
Country
Numberof
Incidents
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Angola
AntiguaandBarbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Bolivia
BosniaHerzegovina
Brazil
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo(Brazzaville)
Congo(Kinshasa)
Corsica
CostaRica
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
CzechRepublic
Denmark
Djibouti
DominicanRepublic
Ecuador
Egypt
ElSalvador
20
2
311
34
1
15
6
2
9
4
47
1
4
1
22
6
24
5
216
4
7
13
82
21
225
2
23
12
67
3
4
5
4
1
6
2
2
11
127
33
Percent
0.40%
0.04%
6.28%
0.69%
0.02%
0.30%
0.12%
0.04%
0.18%
0.08%
0.95%
0.02%
0.08%
0.02%
0.44%
0.12%
0.48%
0.10%
4.36%
0.08%
0.14%
0.26%
1.66%
0.42%
4.54%
0.04%
0.46%
0.24%
1.35%
0.06%
0.08%
0.10%
0.08%
0.02%
0.12%
0.04%
0.04%
0.22%
2.56%
0.67%
Number
Killed
65
0
602
373
0
2
5
0
0
16
40
0
2
0
2
7
97
106
279
10
0
233
13
7
256
4
106
7
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
13
132
32
Number
Injured
50
2
126
111
0
1
17
0
5
0
853
0
3
1
1
8
29
0
483
2
0
276
31
21
406
0
5
20
2
0
9
0
16
0
36
7
0
7
214
4
Number
USKilled
Number
USInjured
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
60
DECEMBER 2013
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
Estonia
Ethiopia
France
Georgia
Germany
Greece
Guadeloupe
Guatemala
Guinea
GuineaBissau
Haiti
Honduras
HongKong
Hungary
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kenya
Kuwait
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Liberia
Lithuania
Malawi
Malaysia
Mali
Mauritania
Mexico
Mozambique
Myanmar(Burma)
Nepal
Netherlands
NetherlandsAntilles
NewZealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
NorthernIreland
Norway
5
2
52
45
198
30
2
83
6
1
67
5
4
3
249
3
47
18
4
240
30
20
45
1
25
5
1
1
64
1
3
1
2
8
1
17
8
20
2
3
2
1
53
7
17
165
7
0.10%
0.04%
1.05%
0.91%
4.00%
0.61%
0.04%
1.68%
0.12%
0.02%
1.35%
0.10%
0.08%
0.06%
5.03%
0.06%
0.95%
0.36%
0.08%
4.84%
0.61%
0.40%
0.91%
0.02%
0.50%
0.10%
0.02%
0.02%
1.29%
0.02%
0.06%
0.02%
0.04%
0.16%
0.02%
0.34%
0.16%
0.40%
0.04%
0.06%
0.04%
0.02%
1.07%
0.14%
0.34%
3.33%
0.14%
1
0
5
194
27
0
0
27
12
1
36
1
4
0
1219
7
78
33
1
142
14
15
1
1
53
1
0
0
51
0
1
16
0
5
0
47
3
147
0
0
0
0
87
5
6
73
0
3
0
9
96
181
1
0
9
50
0
50
4
5
0
2546
1
41
59
1
297
126
17
1
0
17
0
2
0
174
1
2
0
0
0
2
22
10
70
0
0
0
0
125
0
12
175
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
61
DECEMBER 2013
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
2
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
3
0
0
Pakistan
Panama
PapuaNewGuinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
Senegal
SierraLeone
Singapore
Somalia
SouthAfrica
SouthKorea
Spain
SriLanka
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
TrinidadandTobago
Turkey
Uganda
UnitedKingdom
UnitedStates
Uruguay
Venezuela
Vietnam
Yemen
Yugoslavia
Zambia
TOTAL
100
18
7
3
334
198
3
1
1
32
13
6
4
1
74
426
4
50
29
2
4
1
5
12
5
14
6
67
13
2
386
4
59
28
4
49
2
23
5
1
2.02%
0.36%
0.14%
0.06%
6.74%
4.00%
0.06%
0.02%
0.02%
0.65%
0.26%
0.12%
0.08%
0.02%
1.49%
8.60%
0.08%
1.01%
0.59%
0.04%
0.08%
0.02%
0.10%
0.24%
0.10%
0.28%
0.12%
1.35%
0.26%
0.04%
7.79%
0.08%
1.19%
0.57%
0.08%
0.99%
0.04%
0.46%
0.10%
0.02%
228
1
43
3
316
346
0
0
0
203
81
121
30
0
115
1009
0
19
1268
0
0
0
0
2
34
373
0
34
1
0
1166
2
3
21
1
2
0
12
1
0
302
6
13
0
307
514
3
0
0
841
155
0
9
1
293
631
1
37
380
0
2
1
1
9
57
19
1
97
11
0
403
1
133
1066
0
13
1
7
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
28
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
124
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1048
0
0
0
2
0
0
4954
100.00%
10,162
12176
45
1214
62
DECEMBER 2013

C: I C V V: O Debook Nclusio ON Riter Ria and Ariables S

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