California Solar Jobs Census 2015

2015
CALIFORNIA
SOLAR JOBS
CENSUS
ABOUT THE SOLAR FOUNDATION

The Solar Foundation (TSF) is an independent 501(c)(3)
nonprofit organization whose mission is to increase
understanding of solar energy through strategic research and
education that transforms markets. TSF is considered the
premier research organization on the solar labor workforce,
employer trends, and the economic impacts of solar. It has
provided expert advice to leading organizations such as
the National Academies, the Inter-American Development
Bank, the U.S. Department of Energy, and others during a
time of dynamic industry growth and policy and economic
uncertainty.
While TSF recognizes that solar energy is a key part of our
energy future, it is committed to excellence in its aim to help
people fairly and objectively gauge the value and importance
of solar technologies.
ABOUT BW RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP
BW Research is widely regarded as the national leader in
labor market research for emerging industries and clean
energy technologies. In addition to the Census series, BW
Research has conducted rigorous solar installation and
wind industry labor market analysis for the National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, wind energy and energy
retrofit studies for the Natural Resources Defense Council,
a series of comprehensive clean energy workforce studies
for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Illinois, Vermont,
Florida, Pennsylvania, Iowa, and California, as well as
numerous skills and gap analyses for community colleges,
workforce investment boards, state agencies, and nonprofit
organizations.
ABOUT CALSEIA
Since the 1970s, CALSEIA has advanced the common
interests of the solar industry, helping make California's solar
market the most robust in the United States. Comprised of
over three hundred contractors, manufacturers, distributors,
developers, engineers, consultants and educational
organizations, CALSEIA represents a diverse membership
committed to growing the California solar industry. CALSEIA
engages with local and state decision makers to ensure
California remains a solar energy leader through good public
policy and regulations that provide clarity, transparency, and
certainty.
COVER IMAGE COURTESY OF THE NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Solar Foundation (TSF) is a national 501(c)
(3) nonprofit organization whose mission is to
increase understanding of solar energy through
strategic research and education that transform
markets. In 2010, TSF conducted its first National
Solar Jobs Census report, establishing the first
credible solar jobs baseline and verifying that
the solar industry is having a positive impact
on the U.S. economy. Using the same rigorous,
peer-reviewed methodology, TSF has conducted
an annual Census in each of the last six years to
track changes and analyze trends.
This California Solar Jobs Census 2015 report is an
offshoot of TSFs National Solar Jobs Census 2015
effort. Research partners for the Census 2015
effort include the George Washington University
Solar Institute for providing assistance and
support in reviewing and validating report
results and analysis; the Solar Energy Industries
Association (SEIA) for use of its National Solar
Database and peer review; and GTM Research/

SEIA for providing survey respondents with the
U.S. Solar Market Insight: 2014 YIR report.
Other sponsors of this years Census effort

include: Energy Foundation, William and
Flora Hewlett Foundation, Tilia Fund, George
Washington University Solar Institute, SEIA,
Recurrent, SolarCity, First Solar, Sol Systems,
E.ON, Trina Solar, State of Minnesota Department
of Commerce, State of New Mexico Energy
Minerals and Natural Resources Department,
Utah Governors Office of Energy Development,
sPower, Standard Solar, CALSEIA, All Earth
Renewables, and groSolar.
Finally, we want to thank all the California

employers that participated in the survey. Your
responses were critical in providing us with
accurate and timely data.
For questions or comments about this report, please contact either:
Andrea Luecke
President and Executive Director
The Solar Foundation
202-469-3750; aluecke@solarfound.org
www.TheSolarFoundation.org
Philip Jordan
Principal and Vice President
BW Research Partnership
508-384-2471; pjordan@bwresearch.com
www.bwresearch.com
Please cite this publication when referencing this material as California Solar Jobs Census 2015,
The Solar Foundation, available at: www.TSFcensus.org and SolarStates.org
PLACEHOLDER IMAGE
Photo courtesy of Solar City
INTRODUCTION
The U.S. solar industry experienced
yet another record-breaking year
in 2015, with more than 7,400
megawatts (MW) of domestic
photovoltaic (PV) capacity expected
to have been installed an 18.5%
increase over that of 2014 bringing
total U.S. solar capacity to nearly
27.5 gigawatts (GW).1
As the rate of capacity installation has
accelerated, employers across the country
have continued to expand the size of their
payrolls. This years sixth annual National

Solar Jobs Census found that the U.S. solar
industry employed 208,859 workers as of
November 2015, representing the addition
of 35,052 jobs, and a 20.2% increase in
employment over November 2014. Since The
Solar Foundation began tracking these numbers
in 2010, employment in the industry has more
than doubled, growing by 123% and adding over
115,000 jobs. Employers nationwide expect
this growth trend to continue through 2016,
projecting to add nearly 31,000 jobs to the solar
workforce over the course of the year.
U.S. PV Capacity Additions & Solar Jobs, 2010 - 2015E

8,000
208,859
Solar Jobs
200,000
173,807
100,000
6,000
142,698
150,000
93,502
105,145
7,000
5,000
119,016
4,000
3,000
2,000
50,000
Added Capacity (MW)
250,000
1,000
0
0
2010
2011
2012
PV Capacity Additions
2013
2014
2015E
Solar Jobs
Capacity Data Source: SEIA/GTM Research Solar Market Insight Q3 2015
California Solar Jobs Census 2015
California Solar Capacity Additions, 2010 - 2015E
Added Capacity (MW)
4,500.0
4,000.0
3,500.0
3,000.0
2,500.0
2,000.0
1,500.0
1,000.0
500.0
0.0
2010
Residential (PV)
2011
2012
Non-Residential (PV)
2013
Utility (PV)
2014
2015E
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)
Source: SEIA/GTM Research Solar Market Insight Q3 2015
Throughout 2015, California continued to

demonstrate national leadership in new solar
installed capacity, solar workforce growth, and
solar policy. It is estimated that nearly 3,000
megawatts (MW) of new solar photovoltaic
(PV) capacity were installed across the state
last year. While this figure represents a decrease
in annual capacity additions year-over-year
(owing to a decline in new utility-scale PV and
concentrating solar power capacity), it is more
than was installed in the next six largest 2015
solar markets combined.2
With this market growth has come a
commensurate increase in the size of the
California solar workforce. As of November
2015, the state solar industry employed
75,598 solar workers, representing 38.2%
growth in employment over the previous
year.3 Employers remain optimistic about
continued workforce growth through 2016,
collectively anticipating 18.9% growth in
employment (approximately 14,300 solar
workers). Such growth would see the California
solar workforce in 2016 approach 90,000 solar
workers nearly as many as were employed in
the entire nation in 2010.4
Californias solar growth has been driven

primarily by its utility-scale market segment,
which since 2012 has accounted for at least
as much and often many times more new
annual installed capacity as the residential and
non-residential market segments combined.5
This market segment owes its strength in
recent years to declines in the installed cost
of utility-scale PV systems. The costs averaged
around $1.53/watt nationally in Q3 2015, a
figure representing an 18.6% decline year-overyear and only one-third of the national average
reported residential system price. The price
declines have resulted in continued increases in
the financial benefits of solar energy relative to
conventional forms of electricity.6
Another strong driver of utility-scale growth
has been state and national policy. Installations
in 2012 and 2013 were primarily due to utility
efforts to meet their obligations under the states
Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS), which at
the time required 33% of utility retail electric
sales be derived from renewable sources by
2
2020. By 2013, California utilities already had a

pipeline of projects sufficient for meeting their
RPS obligations. As the state RPS waned as a
driver of utility-scale growth, looming national
solar policy changes continued to spur growth.
Until very recently, the federal investment tax
credit (ITC) was set to expire completely for
residential solar energy systems and reduce to
10% for all others at the end of 2016,7 providing
utilities with an incentive to complete projects
in time to take advantage of the tax credit at its
full 30% value.
Though annual residential capacity additions

have remained small compared with utilityscale projects, the residential market segment
has grown at a compound annual growth rate
of 58% since 2010. It remains a strong driver of
national residential solar growth. As of Q3 2015,
the California residential solar market segment
accounted for nearly 50% of all cumulative
residential solar capacity in the United States.8
The success of this market segment was
spurred by a statewide solar rebate program,
falling installed costs for solar, and a net energy
metering (NEM) policy that valued net excess
solar generation at retail utility rates.
Throughout 2015 and into early 2016, however,
there was some uncertainty as to what degree
NEM would remain as strong a driver of behindthe-meter solar, due to California Public Utilities
Commission (CPUC) proceedings on residential
rate reform. In July of last year, CPUC regulators
approved a plan to reduce the number of
electricity rate tiers (based on total monthly
consumption) from four down to two plus a
super-user electric surcharge on the highest
energy users. The plan also provides for the
roll-out of time of use (TOU) rates which vary
with demand throughout a single day with
all residential customers being defaulted onto
TOU rates starting in 2019. Regulators also
deferred a decision on imposing fixed monthly
charges on customers. In lieu of a fixed charge
the Commission has instituted a minimum bill.
The Commission will revisit fixed charges in
2016. While the new structure is expected to

reduce the financial value of an investment in
solar by higher energy users, it has the potential
to increase the benefits to lower energy users.10
As of November 2015, the

California solar industry
employed 75,598 solar
workers, representing
38.2% growth
in
employment over the
previous year.
January 2016 brought the CPUCs final decision

on a successor NEM tariff which will charge new
customers a modest one-time interconnection
fee, retain the valuation of net excess generation
at the utility retail rate, charge non-bypassable
charges for all imports from the grid rather
than on net energy usage, and require these
customers to quickly move over to TOU rates.
The CPUC will re-examine this revised NEM
policy in 2019, when it will seek to address the
valuation of distributed energy resource more
broadly and incorporate these values into a new
plan for grid investments.
The non-residential projects comprise the
smallest of the three market segments, the
350 MW of new capacity expected in 2015
represents one-third of all non-residential
solar capacity estimated to have been installed
in the nation last year. To further put this into
perspective, projected 2015 capacity additions
in the California non-residential market segment
equal or exceed the cumulative capacity across
all market segments in each of 39 states.11
Continued growth in this market segment
is expected to be driven by a diverse set of
projects, including smaller non-residential and
community shared solar projects.12 California is
one of four states (with Colorado, Massachusetts,
and Minnesota) that are collectively expected
to account for over 80% of all new community
shared solar projects over the next two years.13
3
Last years expansion of the state RPS

requirement from 33% of retail sales from
renewables by 2020 to 50% by 2030 can be
expected to support additional growth in all
market segments.14
With most of the states most pressing solar

policy challenges resolved at least for the next
few years and federal solar incentives extended

into the beginning of the next decade, it is no
surprise that solar employers remain optimistic
about growth. By the end of 2016, solar
companies across California are expected to
employ an additional 14,288 solar workers (at
an annual growth rate of 18.9%) for a total solar
workforce of nearly 90,000.15
ABOUT THE CALIFORNIA SOLAR JOBS CENSUS 2015
This report includes information about all types

of California companies engaged in the analysis,
research and development, production, sales,
installation, and use of all solar technologies
ranging from solar photovoltaics (PV), to
concentrating solar power (CSP), to solar water
heating systems for the residential, commercial,
industrial, and utility market segments.
The findings presented herein are based on
rigorous survey efforts throughout the months
of September, October, and November 2015 that
include telephone calls and emails to known and
potential solar establishments across California.
Unlike economic impact models that generate
employment estimates based on economic
data or jobs-per-megawatt (or jobs-per-dollar)
assumptions, The Solar Foundations Solar Jobs
Census series provides statistically valid and

current data gathered from actual employers.
This analysis also purposefully avoids artificially
inflating its results with questionable multiplier
effects often found in analyses of other
industries.
The number of establishments included in this

report include all businesses that conduct any
solar activity. This includes many businesses
that play a very small part in a solar project,
or provide financing, legal services, or other
support services to solar firms. Employment,
however, is only counted for workers that spend
at least 50% of their time on solar.
A full explanation of this methodology can be
found on page 21 of this report.
Photo by Roxie Brown, TSF
CALIFORNIA
SOLAR JOBS
Key Data Points
Total Solar Jobs, 2015
75,598
Cumulative Installed
Capacity thru Q3 2015 (MW)16
12,146.8
Projected Solar
Jobs Growth, 2016
14,318
(18.9%)
Capacity Installed in
2015 thru Q3 (MW)17
2,170.1
Detailed employment and demographic data for California's legislative districts, counties, and metropolitan statistical areas can be found in the appendix of this report and on The Solar Foundations interactive jobs map at SolarStates.org.
WORKFORCE
OVERVIEW
Installation Jobs
40,597
Manufacturing Jobs
11,183
Sales & Distribution Jobs
11,223
The California solar industry employs 75,598

solar workers at 13,280 establishments
throughout the state, is ranked 1st nationally
in jobs, and 2nd in solar jobs as a share of the
states total employment. The solar workforce
in the state expanded by 38.2% since Census
2014, representing a net gain of 20,908 solar
workers; California added more than double the
number of new solar jobs in 2015 as projected
in 2014. Employers expect a continuation of
this trend in 2016, adding approximately
14,318 new solar workers to payrolls over
the next 12 months a growth rate of 18.9%
while the states workforce as a whole is
projected to grow only 1.1% during the same
period.18
California Solar Jobs, 2013 - 2016E
100,000
90,000
89,886
80,000
70,000
75,598
60,000
50,000
40,000
Project Development Jobs
8,979
Other Jobs
3,617
47,223
54,690
30,000
20,000
10,000
2013
2014
2015
2016E
Over half (53.7%) of California solar workers

are employed at installation firms. The
manufacturing and sales and distribution sectors
represent the second-largest employment
sector in the state, accounting for 14.8% of
solar workers each. Project development
companies employ 11.9% of Californias solar
workers, with businesses and organizations in
the Other category including positions in
the nonprofit sector, government, and academia
representing the remaining (4.8%) of the
California solar workforce.
6
The California solar industry employs 75,598

solar workers at 13,280 establishments
throughout the state, is ranked 1st nationally
in jobs, and 2nd in solar jobs as a share of the
states total employment. The solar workforce in
the state expanded by 38.2% since Census 2014,
Women
African-American
Asian or Pacific
Islander
Latino or Hispanic
Older Workers (55+)
Union Members
Veterans of the U.S. Armed
Forces
California Solar
Workforce
California Overall
Employment19
U.S. Solar
Workforce
27.7%
45.4%
23.8%
12.2%
14.9%
8.6%
17.5%
21.1%
4.4%
14.4%
10.0%
9.2%
12 months a growth rate of 18.9% while

the states workforce as a whole is projected
to grow only 1.1% during the same period.18
Over half (53.7%) of California solar workers
are employed at installation firms. The
manufacturing and sales and distribution sectors
represent the second-largest employment
sector in the state, accounting for 14.8% of
solar workers each. Project development
companies employ 11.9% of Californias solar
workers, with businesses and organizations in
the Other category including positions in
the nonprofit sector, government, and academia
representing the remaining (4.8%) of the
California solar workforce.
Approximately 56% of the states 75,598 solar
workers support projects in the residential
representing a net gain of 20,908 solar workers;

California added more than double the number
of new solar jobs in 2015 as projected in 2014.
Employers expect a continuation of this
trend in 2016, adding approximately 14,318
new solar workers to payrolls over the next
5.5%
5.1%
36.1%
11.3%
5.5%
4.6%
18.6%
8.1%
market segment, with 21% focused on nonresidential projects and 23% on utility-scale
installations. Though the utility-scale market
segment represented the majority of new solar
PV capacity in 2015 (54%), these projects are the
least labor-intensive, meaning fewer workers
are required to install the same amount of solar
capacity as in the residential or non-residential
market segments.
The California solar workforce is generally

less diverse than the states workforce as
a whole, with women (27.7%), AfricanAmericans (4.4%), Asian or Pacific Islanders
(12.2%), Latino/Hispanic workers (14.4%),
and older workers (17.5%) all relatively
underrepresented. However, participation
in the solar industry among many of these
demographic groups has increased year-over7
Position
Solar Installer
Solar Sales Representative
Solar System Designer
Solar Assembly Worker
California
Median Wage
Pacific Division
Median Wage
U.S.
Median Wage
$22.00
$22.00
$21.00
$30.00
$30.00
$26.92
$31.25
$28.85
$21.50
year. In 2014, only 23.7% of solar workers were

women (a four percentage point increase),
10.8% were Asian or Pacific Islanders (versus
12.2% in 2015) and 6.1% were Veterans of the
U.S. Armed Forces (compared with 9.2%). In
addition, many of these otherwise underserved
demographics women, Asian or Pacific
Islanders, Latino/Hispanic workers, union
members, and veterans are represented in the
$28.85
$20.00
$18.00
state solar workforce at higher rates than their

counterparts in the solar industry nationwide.
Veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces represent a

uniquely valuable source of human capital for
solar employers. With a proven work ethic and
practiced discipline, veterans bring a wealth
of readily transferable skills and leadership
acumen to the industry. Through the Solar
Ready Vets program, the U.S. Department of
Difficulty Hiring in California

California
23.2%
54.7%
22.0%
Pacific
24.0%
52.7%
23.3%
National
24.2%
51.7%
24.2%
0%
20%
Not Difficult
40%
60%
Somewhat Difficult
80%
100%
Very Difficult
Energy is helping the industry capitalize on

this resource by facilitating the transition from
military service to employment in the civilian
solar workforce.20 California solar firms
clearly understand this value proposition,
with veterans comprising 9.2% of the states
solar workforce, compared to just 4.6% of
the states total workforce and 8.1% of the
solar workforce nationally.
Wages paid by firms in the California solar
industry equaled or exceeded those paid by solar
employers across the other states comprising
the U.S. Census Bureaus Pacific Division21 and
exceeded national industry averages for all
positions studied. Solar installers in the state
are among the highest paid in the country at
$22.00 per hour, and solar sales representatives,
system designers, and assembly workers all
receive hourly wages around two or three
dollars higher than the national median.
Solar employers in California experience a

slightly higher level of difficulty on average
finding qualified candidates to fill openings
on their payrolls than other solar firms in the
Pacific Division and across the country.
Just over half (53%) of California solar firms
reported that they receive all of their revenues
from solar activities, which is higher than the
national average of 48.2%. Another 23.8%
reported that they receive less than half of their
revenues from solar activities, compared to
28.5% nationally. A significantly larger portion
of the states solar firms (75%) work primarily
with in-state customers than solar firms
nationally (65.6%), though a much smaller
portion (1.9%) work primarily with customers
Businesses Citing Policies Contributing to Success 22

Investment Tax Credit (ITC)
State Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS)

Other Tax Exemptions, Credits, & Rebates
EPA Clean Power Plan
Utility Rebates
Net Metering
0.0%
CA
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
National
Sector Jobs
40,597
INSTALLATION
Change Since 2014
The installation sector is

the largest sector of the
U.S. solar industry and is
composed of companies that
primarily install PV, solar
water heating, and other
solar energy technologies.
Rate of Change
Since 2014
Firms in this sector are responsible for 53.7%

of all solar employment in California, employing
40,597 solar workers. This represents a dramatic
increase of 29% since 2014, when firms in the
sector employed 31,470 workers.
+9,127
29.0%
Establishments
8,350
CA Installation Jobs,
2013 - 2015
50,000
40,000
40,597
30,000
Solar Installer
Median Wage
$22/hr
20,000
26,052
31,470
10,000
0
2013
2014
2015
10
Installation Sector - Difficulty Hiring
CA Installation
18.6%
55.9%
25.4%
U.S. Installation
19.7%
54.2%
26.0%
0%
20%
40%
Not Difficult
60%
Somewhat Difficult
California installation firms report greater

levels of difficulty finding qualified candidates
to fill open positions than firms in other sectors
of the states solar industry, but approximately
the same level of difficulty as other firms in the
installation sector nationwide.
A significantly larger percentage of California
installation firms (87.2%) work primarily with
in-state customers than their counterparts in
80%
100%
Very Difficult
the installation sector nationwide (81.5%).

Similarly, a larger percentage of installation
firms in the state are pure play solar businesses,
receiving 100% of their revenue from solar
activities, than installation firms across the
country. This consolidation, both of business
activity and customer base, may be another sign
of employer confidence in the California solar
market.
Installation Sector - % Revenues from Solar
U.S. Installation
11.7%
0%
7.2%
13.2%
6.3%
CA Installation
Pure Plays, 64.6%
22.1%
20%
1-24%
16.0%
Pure Plays, 59.0%
40%
25-49%
60%
50-99%
80%
100%
Pure Plays
11
Sector Jobs
11,183
Change Since 2014
+577
Rate of Growth
Since 2014
5.4%
Establishments
1,385
MANUFACTURING
Solar manufacturers produce
a variety of products and
components for domestic and
international markets.
In 2015, the California solar manufacturing
sector grew slightly (5.4%, or approximately
580 solar workers), though at a greater pace
than was observed the previous year (just under
1.0%). The manufacturing sector is responsible
for 14.8% of all solar employment in California,
employing 11,183 solar workers.
CA Manufacturing Jobs,
2013 - 2015
12,000
10,000
8,000
10,504
10,606
2013
2014
11,183
6,000
4,000

Median Wage
$21.50/hr
2,000
0
2015
12
Manufacturing Sector - Difficulty Hiring
CA Manufacturing
19.4%
U.S. Manufacturing
66.7%
24.6%
0%
13.9%
55.3%
20%
Not Difficult
40%
Somewhat Difficult
Solar manufacturers in the state report a similar

levels of difficulty finding qualified candidates to
fill open positions as firms in the manufacturing
sector nationwide.
20.2%
60%
80%
100%
Very Difficult
receiving 100% of their revenue from solar

activities, than manufacturing firms across
the country. Just over 77% of California solar
manufacturing firms receive at least half of their
revenues from solar, compared with only 56%
at the national level.
A larger percentage of manufacturing firms

in the state are pure play solar businesses,
Manufacturing Sector - % Revenues from Solar
16.7%
26.0%
0%
20%
1-24%
Pure Plays, 52.1%
25.0%
8.3%
U.S. Manufacturing
6.3%
CA Manufacturing
16.0%
40%
25-49%
50-99%
Pure Plays, 49.7%
60%
80%
100%
Pure Plays
13
Sector Jobs
11,223
Change Since 2014
+3,532
Rate of Growth
Since 2014
SALES &
DISTRIBUTION
Sales & distribution firms
primarily sell (but do not
install) solar goods and
services to customers and/
or warehouse and distribute
solar goods to/ for installers.
45.9%
Employment in this sector saw a sharp increase

in 2015; the 3,532 new sales and distribution
solar workers represent nearly 50% growth
over the previous year.
Establishments
CA Sales & Distribution Jobs,

2013 - 2015
715
12,000
11,223
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
7,691
5,877
2,000

Median Wage
0
2013
2014
2015
$31.25/hr
14
Sales & Distribution Sector - Difficulty Hiring
CA Sales & Distribution
30.4%
U.S. Sales & Distribution
58.7%
24.7%
0%
10.9%
51.9%
20%
Not Difficult
40%
Somewhat Difficult
Employers in the sales and distribution sector

experienced considerably less difficulty in hiring
new solar workers than their peers at the national
level.
23.4%
60%
80%
100%
Very Difficult
Over 90% of California sales and distribution firms

receive a majority of their revenues from solar. By
comparison, just over 80% of these firms receive
at least 50% of their revenues from solar at the
national level
Sales & Distribution Sector - % Revenues from Solar
2.6%
6.4%
U.S. Sales & Distribution
11.7%
0%
Pure Plays, 64.1%
27.6%
20%
1-24%
26.9%
7.8%
CA Sales & Distribution
25-49%
40%
50-99%
Pure Plays, 52.9%
60%
80%
100%
Pure Plays
15
Sector Jobs
8,979
Change Since 2014
+5,968
Rate of Growth
Since 2014
198.2%
Establishments
1,046
PROJECT
DEVELOPMENT
The project development
sector includes companies
that plan, design and build
large commercial- and
utility-scale solar projects.
Employment in this sector nearly tripled in 2015,
with a net increase of nearly 6,000 solar workers
by the end of the year.
Such growth may have been driven by the
looming reduction of the federal ITC from 30%
to 10% of qualified project costs at the end of
2016, spurring a flurry of development activity
to ensure projects would come online in time to
receive the higher credit value.
CA Project Development Jobs,

2013 - 2015
10,000
8,979
8,000
6,000
4,000

Median Wage
$30/hr
2,000
2,369
3,011
0
2013
2014
2015
16
Project Development Sector - Difficulty Hiring
CA Project Development
21.1%
55.8%
23.1%
U.S. Project Development
21.4%
54.1%
24.5%
0%
20%
Not Difficult
40%
Somewhat Difficult
California project developers report similar

levels of difficulty finding qualified candidates
to fill openings on their payrolls than firms on
average across the states solar industry more
broadly, as well as other firms in the project
development sector nationwide.
A significantly larger percentage of California

project development firms (82.8%) work primarily
60%
80%
100%
Very Difficult
with in-state customers than their counterparts

in the project development sector nationwide
(74.9%), likely due to the states exceptionally large
utility-scale market segment. Similarly, a larger
percentage of project development firms in the
state are pure play solar businesses, receiving 100%
of their revenue from solar activities, than project
development firms across the country.
Project Development Sector - % Revenues from Solar
U.S. Project Development
14.5%
0%
1-24%
20.3%
7.8%
13.2%
6.6%
CA Project Development
20%
25-49%
Pure Plays, 59.9%
23.1%
Pure Plays, 54.6%
40%
60%
50-99%
Pure Plays
80%
100%
17
Sector Jobs
3,617
Change Since 2014
+1,705
Rate of Growth
Since 2014
89.2%
OTHER
Other firms active in
solar are primarily research
and development firms,
nonprofits, government
agencies, academic research
centers, etc.
The workforce in this sector nearly doubled in
size in 2015, with the addition of over 1,700 new
solar workers.
CA "Other" Jobs,
2013 - 2015
Establishments
1,811
4,000
2,000

Median Wage
$21.50/hr
3,617
3,000
2,421
1,912
1,000
0
2013
2014
2015
18
"Other" Sector - Difficulty Hiring
CA "Other"
23.1%
U.S. "Other"
52.3%
27.9%
0%
24.6%
53.5%
20%
40%
Not Difficult
18.6%
60%
Somewhat Difficult
Though firms in the other sector report

experiencing considerably more difficulty in
filling open positions than the peers at the
national level. Nearly 77% of California firms
report at least some difficulty, compared
with just over 72% nationwide. Except for
sales and distribution firms, employers in the
other sector seem to have an easier time with
80%
100%
Very Difficult
identifying and recruiting new staff than other

California sectors.
A larger percentage of other firms in California
derive at least half of their revenues from solar
activities (nearly 70%) than similar firms at the
national level (66.5%).
"Other" Sector - % Revenues from Solar
10.6%
CA "Other"
19.5%
10.1%
U.S. "Other"
23.4%
0%
20%
1-24%
26.5%
Pure Plays, 43.4%
24.3%
40%
25-49%
Pure Plays, 42.2%
60%
50-99%
80%
100%
Pure Plays
19
CONCLUSION
The California solar industry maintained its
position as the national leader in annual installed
capacity in 2015. Given the strong relationship
between solar capacity and employment, this
continued success has made California the
single largest solar employer among the states,
accounting for approximately 36% of all solar
workers in the United States. As in previous
years, this growth was primarily driven by the
utility market segment which represented just
over 54% of new solar capacity installed during
the year. The ever-maturing solar industry in
the state has allowed for significant year-overyear growth in both the residential and nonresidential market segments.
Though the California solar industry is projected
to have installed less new solar capacity
year-over-year in 2015 for the first time this
decade, the solar employment data presented
herein coupled with positive capacity growth
projections for the foreseeable future paint
a picture of a vibrant, strong, and growing
industry. With the states most pressing and
immediate solar policy challenges put to bed
for the next few years, and with the federal ITC
extended through 2021, it appears that solar
employers throughout the state have enough
certainty to plan their investments and grow
for the near term. As such, California solar
Photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons,

Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command Headquarters, San Diegim CA
employers remain as optimistic about growth

as ever, expecting to add nearly 14,300 jobs in
2016 (representing annual growth of 18.9%).
Such growth would see the California solar
workforce in 2016 approach 90,000 solar
workers nearly as many as were employed in
the entire nation at the beginning of the decade.
In order to sustain this future growth, it is
essential that California employers have ready
access to quality talent and skilled labor or
enhance their on-the-job training offerings. To
achieve this, more focused and comprehensive
solar training efforts in-house, in-state,
and across the country must be sufficiently
emphasized. These efforts would reduce the
industrys talent acquisition, training, and
retention costs, increasing efficiency across the
solar value chain, and ultimately reducing costs
for California solar customers.
This research shows that the California solar

industry is a source of economic opportunity,
with the potential to create jobs that pay living
wages and are largely available to individuals
of different backgrounds from across the state.
Only regular reexaminations of the states solar
industry, its workforce, and the employment
opportunities presented herein will confirm
this potential is realized in years to come.
20
APPENDIX
STATE CENSUS METHODOLOGY AND DATA SOURCES
The Solar Jobs Census methodology is the most
closely aligned with the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) methodology for its Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) and
Current Employment Statistics (CES). Like BLS,
this study uses survey questionnaires and employer-reported data, though ours are administered by phone and web, as opposed to mail.
Also like BLS, we develop a hierarchy of various categories that represent solar value chain
activities (within their broader NAICS framework), develop representative sample frames,
and use statistical analysis and extrapolation in
a very similar manner to BLS. We also constrain
our universe of establishments by relying on
the most recent data from the BLS or the state
departments of labor, depending on which is
collected most recently. We believe that the categories that we have developed could be readily adopted by BLS should it choose to begin to
quantify solar employment in its QCEW and CES
series.
The results from the overall 2015 Census effort
are based on rigorous survey efforts that include
287,962 telephone calls and over 44,220 emails
to known and potential energy establishments
across the United States, resulting in a total of
2,350 full completions for solar establishments
in the U.S. Unlike economic impact models that
generate employment estimates based on economic data or jobs-per-megawatt (or jobs-perdollar) assumptions, the Solar Jobs Census series provides statistically valid and current data
gathered from actual employers.
The survey was administered to a known universe of energy employers that includes 68,494
establishments and is derived from the Solar
Energy Industry Associations National Solar
Database, as well as other public and private
sources. Of these establishments, 2,118 identified as solar and completed full or substantially
completed surveys.
The survey was also administered to a stratified, clustered, random sampling from various
industries that are potentially energy-related
(unknown universe) that include a total of approximately 314,000 establishments nationwide. After an extensive cleaning and de-duplication process, a sampling plan was developed
that gathered information on the level of solar
activity (including none) from 12,765 establishments. Of these, 327 establishments qualified
as solar establishments and completed full surveys. The sampling rigor in the known and unknown universes provides a margin of error for
establishment counts at +/-0.85% and employment at +/-1.99% at a 95% confidence interval.
This level of national sampling rigor is mirrored
at the state level. In addition to the known Census, the clustered sampling in the unknown
universe is representative relative to establishment totals by size in each of the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. This ensures that each
states employment estimates are accurate with
a maximum margin of error under +/-5% at a
95% confidence interval.
Due to the number of qualifying responses,

some smaller states have higher margins of error for non-employment related questions, such
as workforce and policy related questions, due
to the small universe of solar establishments in
each state. As a result, some state-level, non-employment data is reported using regional averages or have footnotes denoting small response
sizes.
21
GEOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF DATA

In addition to the statewide results detailed
herein, the Solar Jobs Census 2015 effort
compiled comprehensive information about the
distribution of solar workers across each state.
The Solar Jobs Census 2015 companion website,
SolarStates.org, houses solar jobs data for each
state and the District of Columbia. Here, the
employment data have been broken out and
represented in map form at the state, federal

congressional district, state legislative district,
metropolitan statistical area, and county
levels. What follows are tables presenting
the employment counts and demographic
breakdowns of the workforce at each specified
level of granularity previously mentioned.
CALIFORNIA FEDERAL CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS

District
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Total
AfricanWomen
Employment
American
Asian or
Pacific
Islanders
Older
Veterans of
Latino or
Union
Workers
the US Armed
Hispanic
Members
(55+)
Forces
2,990
1,020
187
369
454
531
312
195
2,756
940
172
340
419
489
287
179
3,705
2,271
1,850
1,823
1,174
1,116
1,284
2,049
1,762
1,928
2,273
2,375
1,033
1,119
1,914
902
935
486
657
692
987
866
556
449
1,264
775
631
622
400
381
438
558
232
142
116
114
73
70
80
87
601
110
810
149
658
775
352
382
121
142
65
70
653
120
166
30
308
319
224
236
162
296
91
74
56
58
41
43
10
54
6
5
457
280
228
225
145
138
158
121
217
238
280
293
127
138
236
111
115
60
81
85
44
107
25
20
563
345
281
277
178
170
195
504
268
293
345
361
157
170
291
137
142
74
100
105
176
132
99
80
658
403
328
324
208
198
228
260
313
342
403
422
183
199
340
160
166
86
117
123
146
154
82
66
386
237
193
190
122
116
134
241
148
120
119
76
73
84
633
307
237
148
184
201
248
108
117
115
126
155
67
73
200
125
51
32
94
97
68
72
59
61
43
45
18
134
61
90
10
56
75
22
District
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
District
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Total
AfricanWomen
Employment
American
614
101
903
148
1,757
505
454
919
1,038
974
1,312
1,484
1,558
1,938
2,056
2,758
3,572
849
2,207
725
3,599
391
608
716
934
802
609
1,456
907
27
109
40
161
18
107
13
223
27
216
170
300
244
357
444
470
631
817
185
505
158
269
15
43
54
57
76
99
27
61
23
4
6
254
40
397
62
166
247
73
36
11
118
218
22
148
115
100
78
27
786
64
Older
Veterans of
Latino or
Union
Workers
the US Armed
Hispanic
Members
(55+)
Forces
289
83
Asian or
Pacific
Islanders
34
26
39
46
199
66
319
397
421
565
732
65
452
56
276
17
27
32
55
48
36
86
54
91
11
133
17
313
259
66
86
90
134
185
77
104
265
124
154
164
220
284
79
176
67
334
70
108
75
98
219
27
530
206
372
395
686
186
424
159
790
58
90
145
154
267
2
165
2
9
7
11
13
68
122
115
140
106
143
201
169
211
223
300
388
46
240
39
195
53
82
97
118
288
140
185
450
218
102
115
CALIFORNIA STATE SENATE
Total
AfricanWomen
Employment
American
73
116
77
223
19
299
150
358
57
252
187
106
197
89
181
128
230
238
174
153
83
32
Asian or
Older
Latino or
Pacific
Workers
Hispanic
Islanders
(55+)
248
188
280
120
91
136
Union
Members
Veterans of
the US Armed
Forces
3,719
1,275
235
472
554
666
379
238
2,198
483
71
173
200
486
117
2,437
2,316
1,000
892
992
1,733
836
383
165
244
272
475
154
24
10
38
43
74
309
106
46
54
60
106
363
405
175
215
239
418
436
344
149
114
127
222
248
41
18
269
299
523
156
308
133
132
146
256
23
District
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
District
1
2
3
Total
AfricanWomen
Employment
American
3,331
203
803
426
1,005
492
561
103
208
244
293
167
105
3,165
1,086
1,950
1,881
1,585
2,297
1,225
669
645
544
788
2,998
1,028
1,038
356
1,235
955
1,248
600
2,970
791
1,122
1,185
1,157
960
1,011
1,456
1,741
1,228
2,337
3,020
3,680
3,167
1,462
1,146
531
424
328
428
206
652
271
307
196
191
159
239
241
400
203
538
695
244
225
200
123
119
100
145
189
78
60
66
79
38
96
50
48
12
12
10
686
372
247
239
201
291
380
157
121
132
158
76
234
100
68
54
53
44
56
49
65
84
189
12
88
402
13
15
103
336
453
168
847
729
489
30
88
41
5
66
367
492
636
775
667
308
52
24
574
532
471
290
280
236
342
446
184
142
155
186
89
270
118
271
207
202
168
145
254
136
215
182
236
287
247
114
200
93
691
639
567
349
337
284
411
537
221
171
186
223
107
657
142
190
119
64
12
8
4
29
16
200
124
67
364
322
199
192
161
234
305
126
97
106
127
61
21
194
183
22
337
452
585
713
613
283
170
79
163
101
55
125
120
101
147
192
79
61
66
80
38
158
193
217
203
21
81
17
172
229
158
143
176
247
338
Asian or
Older
Latino or
Pacific
Workers
Hispanic
Islanders
(55+)
47
393
144
CALIFORNIA STATE ASSEMBLY
Total
AfricanWomen
Employment
American
1,102
Veterans of
the US Armed
Forces
143
1,323
1,637
Union
Members
913
3,857
3,571
Asian or
Older
Latino or
Pacific
Workers
Hispanic
Islanders
(55+)
26
127
170
220
268
231
107
20
9
51
166
154
128
125
194
186
163
250
323
393
338
156
152
71
Union
Members
Veterans of
the US Armed
Forces
19
137
12
6
86
46
24
District
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Total
AfricanWomen
Employment
American
1,905
329
21
1,205
298
39
649
1,667
169
129
112
412
42
32
Asian or
Older
Latino or
Pacific
Workers
Hispanic
Islanders
(55+)
81
346
281
187
179
229
28
54
259
20
26
118
248
25
19
96
113
267
387
67
17
70
57
514
89
22
40
93
220
140
24
274
9
238
11
25
32
43
2
32
304
335
38
Veterans of
the US Armed
Forces
316
1,389
219
Union
Members
32
76
31
81
193
20
15
96
139
48
4
9
27
64
1,686
406
52
332
137
324
116
169
3,537
852
108
697
286
680
244
354
319
41
1,995
658
1,565
516
1,326
296
2,680
811
2,143
3,532
579
411
777
1,258
355
164
480
158
377
124
51
645
140
516
61
20
48
16
3
82
9
66
393
130
309
102
261
13
528
35
422
850
108
187
24
153
100
99
289
82
28
13
45
13
25
81
67
139
1,579
567
109
188
387
64
640
2,191
683
588
1,350
1,122
1,056
184
504
245
169
322
379
30
78
47
28
53
73
107
54
217
147
173
286
105
33
22
13
37
162
81
34
77
64
125
383
126
301
99
255
44
45
108
36
92
5
185
679
244
120
412
85
79
149
30
24
33
138
515
63
162
433
55
42
37
1,884
316
127
119
26
186
89
53
93
649
513
31
696
162
276
78
14
148
10
28
54
3
1
3
82
185
178
414
244
281
93
57
160
207
106
147
338
281
163
76
47
9
5
81
183
121
66
481
75
171
143
188
200
66
157
52
133
37
269
101
215
354
72
41
78
63
18
21
90
64
39
94
89
110
168
81
152
386
321
102
95
41
187
155
63
25
District
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Total
AfricanWomen
Employment
American
483
173
33
312
89
15
1,180
360
728
431
1,441
641
872
637
659
932
206
763
279
138
406
1,029
884
498
572
683
489
619
1,956
480
703
818
502
687
871
1,302
947
2,754
1,660
403
17
423
129
261
155
Asian or
Older
Latino or
Pacific
Workers
Hispanic
Islanders
(55+)
57
50
86
113
129
70
76
99
114
25
30
43
18
51
76
274
100
50
116
295
317
179
205
245
176
178
44
41
46
44
2
53
19
10
19
48
50
78
53
9
91
33
16
118
43
21
113
61
111
27
17
136
25
49
35
48
57
84
60
82
327
61
66
115
28
74
112
197
48
2
109
78
106
135
326
146
426
257
62
3
74
13
116
89
48
102
74
64
52
121
33
38
50
30
88
155
86
129
148
35
26
266
131
76
44
118
117
347
29
58
22
121
258
137
62
71
249
302
34
190
37
42
139
106
68
988
145
233
35
256
81
40
103
596
102
77
60
340
98
77
47
34
35
373
218
40
105
313
223
64
61
141
247
67
59
59
232
180
78
102
135
252
56
23
702
172
43
114
44
36
89
210
229
267
29
182
171
237
47
140
100
250
86
Veterans of
the US Armed
Forces
82
517
230
75
Union
Members
157
121
87
56
34
66
47
68
155
46
55
85
125
89
26
142
177
122
40
294
79
85
38
53
30
41
29
86
189
117
14
102
84
52
46
48
66
29
42
30
41
165
372
180
295
160
100
168
489
72
3
91
266
39
2
57
165
24
1
26
CALIFORNIA METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS

Metropolitan
Statistical Area
Bakersfield, CA
CA NONMETROPOLITAN AREA
Chico, CA
El Centro, CA
Fresno, CA
Hanford-Corcoran, CA
Los AngelesLong BeachSanta Ana, CA
Madera, CA
Merced, CA
Modesto, CA
Napa, CA
OxnardThousand OaksVentura, CA
Redding, CA
Riverside-San
BernardinoOntario, CA
SacramentoArdenArcadeRoseville, CA
Salinas, CA
San DiegoCarlsbadSan Marcos, CA
San FranciscoOaklandFremont, CA
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara,
CA
San Luis ObispoPaso Robles, CA
Santa BarbaraSanta MariaGoleta, CA
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA
Total
AfricanWomen
Employment
American
867
145
411
69
1,285
165
34
166
125
16
115
16
79
59
54
215
14
28
942
157
10
21,263
7,369
234
39
127
153
432
121
35
26
72
20
Asian or
Latino
Older
Veterans of
Union
Pacific
or
Workers
the US Armed
Members
Islanders Hispanic
(55+)
Forces
51
7
246
32
186
24
23
3
170
22
37
181
136
17
125
1,380
2,327
3,474
3,697
2,169
1,354
45
34
31
17
34
29
83
23
16
22
62
17
38
3
8
2
19
20
57
16
1,378
478
89
151
225
240
141
5,534
1,532
244
291
1,464
688
1,672
812
3,732
890
113
534
586
693
719
458
8,402
2,912
545
919
1,373
1,461
857
535
15,631
3,633
449
2,840
1,338
2,939
1,142
1,661
6,642
1,544
191
1,207
568
1,249
485
706
1,636
363
54
111
163
351
87
210
519
1,437
656
35
115
319
146
17
48
22
35
98
45
40
52
143
65
30
111
309
141
88
28
27
76
35
27
Metropolitan
Statistical Area
Santa RosaPetaluma, CA
Stockton, CA
Total
AfricanWomen
Employment
American
2,418
562
69
439
207
455
177
257
231
39
44
33
31
586
Vallejo-Fairfield,
CA
VisaliaPorterville, CA
Alameda
Alpine
Amador
Butte
Calaveras
Colusa
Contra Costa
Del Norte
El Dorado
Fresno
Glenn
Humboldt
Imperial
Inyo
Kern
Kings
Lake
Lassen
Los Angeles
Madera
Marin
Mariposa
Mendocino
Merced
Modoc
Mono
Monterey
Napa
98
453
Yuba City, CA
County
Asian or
Latino
Older
Veterans of
Union
Pacific
or
Workers
the US Armed
Members
Islanders Hispanic
(55+)
Forces
76
133
23
22
18
112
87
25
CALIFORNIA COUNTIES
Total
AfricanWomen
Employment
American
85
10
65
19
Asian or
Older
Latino or
Union
Pacific
Workers
Hispanic
Members
Islanders
(55+)
78
60
18
Veterans of
the US Armed
Forces
4,619
1,076
133
845
394
870
341
490
411
69
16
79
59
54
2,751
641
79
503
235
518
203
292
937
157
10
37
179
136
17
124
168
28
32
24
22
51
58
38
32
213
48
178
49
0
8
10
6
5
36
8
30
8
866
145
46
127
69
35
11
0
1
1
0
0
2
1
2
1
0
2
2
2
1
8
2
7
2
10
11
7
6
41
9
34
9
0
7
8
6
5
31
7
26
7
0
1
1
1
1
4
1
3
1
0
7
8
5
4
28
6
24
6
34
166
125
16
114
6
1
7
3
33
13
16
10
39
1
19
9
15,142
5,257
986
1,668
2,468
2,638
1,561
962
36
159
1,252
141
234
32
34
519
121
27
292
24
39
5
6
115
20
36
1
2
0
0
17
1
229
6
9
1
1
36
5
30
107
27
45
6
7
52
23
23
236
20
34
5
5
112
18
92
3
4
1
1
1
2
21
133
19
31
4
5
27
16
28
County
Nevada
Orange
Placer
Plumas
Riverside
Sacramento
San Benito
San
Bernardino
San Diego
San
Francisco
San Joaquin
San Luis
Obispo
San Mateo
Santa
Barbara
Santa Clara
Santa Cruz
Shasta
Sierra
Siskiyou
Solano
Sonoma
Stanislaus
Sutter
Tehama
Trinity
Tulare
Tuolumne
Ventura
Yolo
Yuba
Total
AfricanWomen
Employment
American
158
26
Asian or
Older
Latino or
Union
Pacific
Workers
Hispanic
Members
Islanders
(55+)
6
30
23
Veterans of
the US Armed
Forces
21
6,129
2,128
399
675
999
1,068
632
390
3,332
924
148
176
880
415
1,017
488
633
101
121
284
697
334
858
106
674
694
272
391
1,360
50
1,814
72
2,283
325
8
433
16
8,336
2,895
586
98
3,686
41
1
55
2
543
6
1,438
320
48
1,637
364
55
3,221
750
196
2
261
5
85
98
589
112
93
231
15
39
2
1
2
16
112
1,236
33
603
337
23
195
198
1,452
93
19
284
253
1,359
1,574
127
10
918
6,757
570
213
39
8
4
9
315
143
310
163
353
275
265
1
353
0
859
11
4
167
7
222
4
530
77
76
607
238
342
577
1,273
499
717
57
38
18
44
123
29
13
33
4
1
4
2
4
87
30
26
12
31
2,419
563
70
442
207
456
179
257
72
12
14
10
10
429
86
33
454
82
1,379
305
47
72
14
6
76
14
479
51
8
5
1
0
5
1
90
3
1
17
3
1
18
3
152
12
2
82
17
6
87
16
225
58
9
62
13
5
66
12
240
44
7
8
2
1
8
1
142
6
1
57
11
4
60
11
88
40
6
29
ENDNOTES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
SEIA/GTM Research Solar Market Insight Q3 2015

Id.
The California Solar Jobs Census 2014 can be found at www.TSFcensus.org.
The Solar Foundation. (2010). National Solar Jobs Census 2010.
The residential, non-residential, and utility-scale market segments are defined by SEIA based on the offtaker of
the electricity their systems generate, though they can generally be used interchangeably with small-scale (i.e.
single-family household rooftop systems, no more than a handful of kilowatts), medium-scale (i.e. multi-unit,
commercial, or government rooftop system), and large-scale (i.e. ground-mounted or very large rooftop systems
ranging from several hundred kilowatts to several hundred megawatts in capacity).
In December 2015, Congress extended the ITC for solar technologies through 2021, with gradual reductions in
the credit percentage.
St. John, J. (2015, July 3). Breaking: California Reaches Compromise on Utility Residential Rate Reform.
Retrieved January 30, 2016 from http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/Breaking-California-ReachesCompromise-on-Utility-Residential-Rate-Reform
St. John, J. (2016, January 28). Breaking: Californias NEM 2.0 Decision Keeps Retail Rate for Rooftop Solar, Adds
Time-of-Use. Retrieved January 30, 2016 from http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/Californias-NetMetering-2.0-Decision-Rooftop-Solar-to-Keep-Retail-Payme
Id.
Munsell, M. (2015, June 23). US Community Solar Market to Grow Fivefold in 2015, Top 500 MW in 2020.
Retrieved January 30, 2016 from http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/us-community-solar-marketto-grow-fivefold-in-2015-top-500-mw-in-2020
Roselund, C. (2015, October 7). California Governor Brown signs 50% renewable portfolio standard into law.
Retrieved January 30, 2016 from http://www.pv-magazine.com/news/details/beitrag/california-governorbrown-signs-50-renewable-portfolio-standard-into-law_100021447/
It is important to note that these projections were based on employer-reported hiring plans for 2016 that may
have since changed in light of the extension of the federal investment tax credit in December of 2015.
Id.
JobsEQ 2015Q3
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by state 2014
Annual Averages and Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state 2014 Annual Averages.
Found at: http://www.bls.gov/
See, U.S. Department of Energy Solar Ready Vets. Available at: http://energy.gov/eere/sunshot/solar-readyvets
U.S Census Bureau, Geographic Terms and Concepts - Census Divisions and Census Regions. Found at: https://
www.census.gov/geo/reference/gtc/gtc_census_divreg.html
It is important to note that the legislative debate around the impending expiration of the ITC was in full swing
during the time of the survey, likely affecting the prioritization of policies from the perspective of employers and
potentially depressing response rates for deployment-focused policies, such as utility rebates and net metering.
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Unless otherwise noted, all design, text, graphics, and the selection and arrangement thereof are Copyright February 2016 by The Solar Foundation
and BW Research Partnership. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Any use of materials in this report, including reproduction, modification, distribution, or
republication, without the prior written consent of The Solar Foundation and BW Research Partnership, is strictly prohibited.
For questions about this report, please contact Andrea Luecke at The Solar Foundation, aluecke@solarfound.org.
The Solar Foundation is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit and relies on public support. To learn more about supporting The Solar Foundations work, go to
www.TheSolarFoundation.org/donate/
Photo courtesy of Sullivan Solar Power
Washington, DC | (202) 469-3750
www.TheSolarFoundation.org

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U.S. PV Capacity Additions & Solar Jobs, 2010 - 2015E

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Capacity Data Source: SEIA/GTM Research Solar Market Insight Q3 2015