Silicone Lubricants The name "silicones" has been broadly applied to several

different base fluids, and they are available in a wide range of viscosities. The
main advantage over petroleum oils comes from the formulations that provide
very high viscosity index (usually in the 200 to 300 range), high resistance to
oxidation, and very low volatility. Polysulfide additives have greatly improved the
load-carrying capacity and antiwear properties of silicone lubricants. Silicone oils
have little effect on most rubbers, but this is not the case with other oils.
Systems previously lubricated with other oils should be cleaned and flushed.
Silicone oils are used in high temperature, high pressure hydraulic systems, air
compressors, and gear boxes. The cost of these oils is competitive with other
synthetic oils. Polyglycol Lubricants Examples of polyglycol lubricants are the
glycols, polyethers, and polyalkylene glycols. These are the least expensive of
the synthetics. They have excellent viscosity-temperature characteristics, have a
low volatility comparable with silicones, and have a good lubricating quality. They
are also compatible with other synthetic lubricants, and they readily accept
additives for further improvement of their properties. Polyglycols are not
compatible with petroleum oils and are not acceptable for governor use in that
they attack paint and other non-metallic materials, although they have little
effect on rubber. Synthesized Hydrocarbons Synthesized hydrocarbons are high
performance oils that are made from a petroleum-derived raw material and not
from the refining of petroleum. Several types of synthesized hydrocarbons (SHC)
are now available. SHC oils are compatible with petroleum oils and the systems
for which petroleum oils are designed. These oils do not deteriorate rapidly at
high temperatures and do not congeal readily at low temperatures. SHC base
fluids are free of aromatics, sulfur, and wax normally present in conventional
mineral oils. Organic Esters Organic esters are formed by reacting of alcohol and
certain types of acids. The two categories of esters used mostly for synthetic oils
are dibasic acid ester and polyol esters. Characteristics of organic esters are
much the same as the synthesized hydrocarbons.

Viscosity
ISO
Grade

Equivalent
SAE Grade

Centistokes

Density

10-6 reyns (lb s/in2)

40 oC

100 oC

104 oF

212 oF

kg/m3

lb/in3

32

10W

32

5.4

0.6

857

0.0310

46

20

46

6.8

5.7

0.8

861

0.0311

68

20W

68

8.7

8.5

1.1

865

0.0313

100

30

100

11.4

12.6

1.4

869

0.0314

150

40

150

15

19

1.8

872

0.0315

220

50

220

19.4

27.7

2.4

875

0.0316

hydraulic fluid provide various grades of detergents and oxidation stability in the fluids
they produce, the single factor that should weight the heaviest in determining the best
choice of fluid to use is viscosity, otherwise known as the fluid's weight. Viscosity is

also most often expressed as the fluids ISO number or grade.

Common ISO grades for use with hydraulic systems include 32, 46 and 68.
Sometimes, 10, or 10 weight is mentioned as well. I would like to point out that for
basic operation of any hydraulic system without concern to long-term effects of the
systems life, 10W-40 automotive engine may be used, providing it does not contain
degertant additives, and these additives used in engine oil can cause corrosion and
cavitation. This occurs because the detergents can cause water that has condensed
into the system to emulsify, preventing it from being seperated from the oil.
It is recommended however, that a proper hydraulic fluid be used, and chosen based
on its ISO grade. These fluids do not contain harmful additives that can cause damage
to components, and are designed to work within a specific temperature range.
Higher viscosity hydraulic fluid tend to reduce the system's operating temperature by
increasing the volumetric efficiency of the pump. If the viscosity is too high, however,
will cause poor mechanical effieciency by increased friction during startup, and may
lead to cavitation. Finding the right ISO grade that balances the benefits of volumetric
effeciency against the drawbacks of mechanical efficiency is the key to a good long
term oil choice. Ultimatly the manufacturer of the equipment knows this value and is
always best to consult the manufacturer to try to obtain the answer.
When it is not possible to do this, the age of the machinery may be taken into
consideration, as the effects of heat and friction may affect the decision process. The
following charts, provided by Paul Michael, Fluid Power Institute; Steven Herzog,
Rohmax Oil Additives; Thelma Marougy, Eaton Hydraulics Operations, "Determining

Figure 1. Effect on viscosity upon the volumetric and mechanical efficiency of

hydraulic pumps

Figure 2. Temperature Operating Window for 13 to 860 mm2/s (cSt), 100 VI

Hydraulic Fluid

Figure 3. Figure 3. Temperature Operating Window for Hydraulic System

Operating at 45F to 150F

HFI supplies hydraulic fluid three ways, 55 gallon drum, 5 gallon pail,
and by-the-gallon for walk in sales provided the customers supplies a
container for the oil. The ISO weights we carry are:
ISO 32

ISO 46
ISO 68
Hydraulic Fluid Cross Reference Chart
The following chart may be used to cross over some of the more common brands of
hydraulic fluid.

HFI
Hydraulic
-150

Conoco
Super
Hydraulic
MV 32
SAE5W2
0

Hydraulic
-150

Super
Hydraulic
32
SAE10W
ISO 32

Hydraulic
-150

Ecoterra
32
SAE10,
ISO 32
Super
Hydraulic
46
SAE10W
ISO46

Hydraulic
-200

Mobil
Hydrailic
Oil 13
DTE
12M
DTE
13M
DTE23
Hydrailic
AW32
Hydrauli
c Oil
Light
DTE 24
ETNA 24

Shell
Tellus T
32

Chevron
AW
Hydrauli
c HD 32

AW
Hydrauli
c 32
Tellus 25
Tellus 32
Tellus
927
Tellus
Plus 22

DTE
Excel 32

Tellus S
32

AW
Hydrauli
c Oil 32
AW
Machine
Oil 32
Rykon
Oil AW
32
Rykon
Oil 32
Clarity
Hydrauli
c AW 32

DTE 25
ETNA
25
Hydrauli
c Oil AW
46
Hydrauli
c Oil
Medium
Hydrex
AW 46
NS 46
Vacrex
46

AW
Hydrauli
c 46
MD
Hydrauli
c Oil AW
46
Tellus 29
Tellus 46
Tellus
929
Tellus
Plus 46

AW
Hydrauli
c Oil 46
AW
Machine
Oil 46
EP
Industrial
Oil 46
EP
Machine
Oil 11
Hydrauli
c Oil 46

Exxon
Humble
Hydrauli
c 1193
Univis J26
Univis N
32
Humble
Hydrauli
c 1193
Humble
Hydrauli
c H32
Humble
Hydrauli
c H34
Nuto
H44
Terrastic
EP 32

Humble
Hydrauli
c 1194
Humble
Hydrauli
c H46
Humble
Hydrauli
c M46
Nuto
H46
Nuto
H48

Texaco
Rando
HDZ
32

Rando
HD 32

Rando
HD
Ashles
s
Rando
HD 46

Hydraulic
-300

Super
Hydraulic
68
SAE20W
ISO68

Hydrauli
c Oil 68
Hydrauli
c Oil
Heavy
DTE 26
ETNA 26

AW
Hydrauli
c 68
Tellus 33
Tellus 68
Tellus
933
Tellus
Plus 68

Rykon
Oil AW
46
AW
Hydrauli
c Oil 68
AW
Machine
Oil 68
EP
Machine
Oil 68
EP
Machine
Oil 70

Humble
Hydrauli
c 1197
Humble
Hydrauli
c H68
Nuto
H54
Nuto
H68

Rando
HD 68

The following chart may be used to help determine the proper ISO grade hydraulic fluid
to use with your system by referencing the manufacturer and model pump used in your
equipment or fluid powered system. In the chart below, the ISO grade (32, 46, 68) fluid
to be used should fall within the range of the optimum cSt listed in the right-hand
column.

Manufacturer

Equipment

Bosch
Bosch

FA;RA;K.
Q;Q-6;SV-10, 15, 20, 25, VPV 16,
25, 32.
SV-40; 80 &100 VPV 45, 63.
Radial Piston (SECO)
Axial & RKP Piston
Roller and Sleeve Bearing Gear
Pumps.
All
Piston Pumps
Vane Pumps
PF4200 Series

Bosch
Bosch
Bosch
Commercial
Intertech
Danfoss
Denison
Denison
Dynex/Rivett
axial piston
pumps
Dynex/Rivett
axial piston
pumps
Dynex/Rivett
axial piston
pumps

Min
cSt
15
21

Max
cSt
216
216

Optimum
cSt
26 - 45
32 - 54

32
10
14
10

216
65
450
-

43 - 64
21 - 54
32 - 65
20

10
13
10
1.5

107
372

21 - 39
24 - 31
30
20 70

PF2006/8, PF/PV4000, and

PF/PV6000 series.

2.3

413

20 70

PF 1000,PF2000 and PF3000

series.

3.5

342

20 70

Eaton

Eaton
Eaton
Eaton - Vickers
Eaton - Vickers
Eaton - Vickers
Eaton - Vickers
Eaton - CharLynn
Eaton - CharLynn
Haldex Barnes
Kawasaki
P-969-0026
Kawasaki
P-969-0190
Linde
Mannesmann
Rexroth
Mannesmann
Rexroth
Mannesmann
Rexroth
Parker Hannifin
Parker Hannifin
Parker Hannifin
Parker Hannifin
Parker Hannifin
Parker Hannifin
Parker Hannifin
Parker Hannifin
Parker Hannifin
Parker Hannifin
Poclain
Hydraulics
SauerSundstrand
USA
Sauer-

Heavy Duty Piston Pumps and

Motors, Medium Duty Piston
Pumps and Motors Charged
Systems, Light Duty Pumps.
Medium Duty Piston Pumps and
Motors - Non-charged Systems.
Gear Pumps, Motors and
Cylinders.
Mobile Piston Pumps
Industrial Piston Pumps
Mobile Vane Pumps
Industrial Vane Pumps
J, R, and S Series Motors and Disc
Valve Motors
A Series and H Series Motors

10 39

10 39

10 43

10
13
9
13
13

200
54
54
54
-

16 - 40
16 - 40
16 - 40
16 - 40
20 - 43

20

20 - 43

W Series Gear Pumps

Staffa Radial Piston Motors

11
25

150

21
50

K3V/G Axial Piston Pumps

10

200

All
V3 , V4, V5, V7 Pumps

10
25

80
-

15 - 30
25 - 160

V2 Pumps

16

160

25 - 160

G2, G3,G4 pumps & motors; G8,

G9, G10 pumps
Gerotor Motors
Gear Pumps PGH Series. Gear
Pumps D/H/M Series
Hydraulic Steering
PFVH / PFVI vane pumps
Series T1
VCR2 Series
Low Speed High Torque Motors
Variable Vol Piston Pumps. PVP
& PVAC
Axial Fixed Piston Pumps
Variable Vol Vane - PVV
H and S series motors

10

300

25 - 160

8
-

12 - 60
17 - 180

8
10
13
10
-

12 - 60
17 - 180
10 - 400
17 - 180

12 - 100
16 - 110
20 - 100

All

6.4

13

Series 10 and 20,

12 - 60

Sundstrand
GmbH
SauerSundstrand
GmbH
SauerSundstrand
GmbH
SauerSundstrand
GmbH
SauerSundstrand
GmbH
SauerSundstrand
GmbH

RMF(hydrostatic motor)
Series 15 open circuit

12

12 - 60

Series 40, 42, 51 & 90 CW S-8

hydrostatic motor

12 - 60

Series 45

12 - 60

Series 60, LPM(hydrostatic

motor)

12 - 60

Gear Pumps + Motors

10

12 - 60