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UNIT 3

Figuring Out Aconclusion

A.ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
1. Purpose
To persuade by presenting arguments
To Analyse or explain How and Why
2. Text Organization
A Thesis
Arguments
Reiteration
3. Language Features
Emotive words
(e.g.: alarmed, worried)
Words that qualify statements
(e.g.: usual, probably)
Words that link arguments
(e.g.: firstly,however, on the other hand, therefore)
The use of the present tense
The use of compound and complex sentences
example :

thesis

Being Fat Matters

Do you know if you are too fat, you may have serious problems with your
health ? A group of doctors wrote a report about some of the effects of too much
fat.
One important effect is on the heart. if you are fat, your heart has to work
harder. This may lead to a heart attack: or it may lead to ather heart problem.
In addition, extra fat can also change the amount of sugar in your blood.
This can cause serious disease such as diabetes.

arguments

Furthermore high blood pressure is another possible result of being fat.

More studies are needed about all these problems. But One thing is clear,
extra fat may make your life shorter.

reiteration

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B. GRAMMAR IN ACTION
1. Passive Voice
Form of passive
Subject + Finite form of to be + Past participle
example :
1. The Classrooms are swept every morning.
2. Compound Sentences
Take alook at these sentences :
Are you going to the party with us or will you stay home.
Dolphins are friendly animals and they are also intelligent.
My brother moved to Jakarta and I moved to Bandung.
Two sentences are related using connectors (and, but, or) and they result a compound sentence.
and, but, or calledcoordinate conjuctions. when a coordinate conjunction join two sentences, the
conjunction is normally preceded by a comma.
3. Complex Sentences
Take a look at these sentences.
Ali is going to go back to his country after he finishes his study.
independent clause
dependent clause
Even though wanted to, the little boy didnt take the chocalate.
dependent clause
independent clause
The three sentences above are called complex sentences. the complex sentences has two
parts : independent and dependent clause.
The indenpendent clause is a complete thought and can stand as a sentence by itsel. The
dependent clause, however, is not a complete thought. it depend on the clause to get its meaning.
The dependent clause can come before or after the indenpendent clause in a complex
sentence. if it comes before, it is generally separated from the indenpendent clause by comma.
but if it comes after the indenpendent clause, it doesn,t have a comma.
Here are some of conjunctions used in complex sentences :
To express time

After, before, since, until, when, while, as

To express cause

Because, since, as

To express condition

If, unless

To express contrast

Although, even though, though

To express purpose

In order to, so that

To express identification

That, when, where, which, who

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4. Linking Verbs (Relational Process)

Look at these sentences

Some of these illnesses are so bad.

The city is very busy.
She has a book.
They get angry.
it becomes fat .

The underlined words above are linking verbs. here is a list ofrelational process.
Be (is, am, are)
Be (was, were)
Seem
Appear
Sound
Look
Taste
Smell

Fell
Become
Remain
Turn
Grow
Go
Run
Come

Keep
Weigh
Stay
Cost
Measure
Make
Realize
Denote

Indicate
Refer to
Reflect
Portray
Function
Act
Reveal
represent

C. GETTING STARTED
ACTIVE LISTENING
Listen to the following text. Fill in the blank spaces with the words youhear

Cars Should be Banned in Cities

Cars should be banned in a city. As we all know, cars ........pollution,
and ....... a lot of road ............ and other accident.
Firstly, cars, as, as we all know, ........ to most of the pollution in the
lung cancers, and triggers ......... Some of these illnesses are so bad that
people can........from them.
..........., a city is very busy............ wander everywhere and cars
commonly hit pedestrians in a city, which causes them to die. Cars, today, are
the ........... killers.............
In conclution cars should be banned from a city for the reasons
listed ............

D.GET IT RIGHT
Ways to say it
1. Expressing Opinions
Asking other peoples opinions :
What do you think of . . . .
Is that right (true) that . . . .
Why do they behave like that ?
Please give me your frank opinion.

Expressing Opinion :
In my opinion . . .
To my mind ...
As I see it . . .
I think . . .
I feel . . .
I agree
I disagree
Absolutely
It seems that

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2. Expressing agreement and disagreement

Saying that you agree :

Saying that you dont agree :

Yes, I agree with you.

Im sure youre right.
Thats right (quite true)
Thats exatly what I think.
I dont have any objections.

We will never agree

Not at all/Not really.
I disagree.
I think thats nonsense.

Saying that you dont agree polietely :

I see your point, but . . .

Yes, may be, but . . . .
I dont like the idea.
Do you think so ?

Making a conclusion :

In conclusion,
Therefore,
To conclude,
On the whole,

we state that . . .

From the statement

From the fact above

we can conclude ..

On this basis, we agree that ...

example :
1. Dono : I personally think that the talk shows are very boring and long.
Mimi : I dont know about that. But I think the topics discussed are current.
2. Sandra : There are too many silly cartoons on television lately. Dont you agree ?
Tony : Not at all. Actually, I like cartoons because theyre very entertaining.

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Way to say it
3.Expressing satisfaction and dissatisfaction
Asking about satisfaction/ dissatisfaction :
How do you like your room ?
Is everything O.K ?
Is everything satisfactory ?
Are you satisfied ?

Expressing satisfaction :
I really like my new haircut.
It was satisfactory.
Everything is fine, thank you.
Im happy enough with it.

Expressing dissatisfaction :
I want to make a complaint.
I dont like the color
I have a complaint
Im tired of working here.

Responding to dissatisfaction :
I see
Im sorry to hear that.
Ill look into it
Ill see what I can do about it.
Ill try and take care of it.