Preliminary Design Report

A DOMESTIC WASTEWATER
TREATMENT FACILITY PROCESS
DESIGN INTEGRATED WITH THE
MODIFIED NUTRIENT-FILM
TECHNIQUE HYDROPONIC SYSTEM

By
Basadre, Al Drexie S.
Fallore, Roxl Rhyann F.
Mondia, Rene Rey B.

September 24, 2015

Executive Summary
Domestic wastewater treatment in the Philippines has quite became a problem in water
pollution. In the Philippines, only 10% of wastewater is treated while 58% of the groundwater
is contaminated. It is also a fact that only 5% of the total population is connected to a sewer
network in the Philippines (Claudio, 2015). Direct discharge of raw sewage to the ground
and septic tank seepage to the ground causes great damage to the surrounding body of
water as well as contamination of the groundwater. A treatment facility in response to this
problem may prove to eliminate the contaminants that may deteriorate the surrounding
waters in disposal. Treated water being removed by the contaminants may already be
disposed to the ground.
A proposed wastewater treatment facility composed of different equipment with its
corresponding processes is designed to treat domestic wastewater. The target location is
Xavier Ecoville, Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City. The process is composed of screening, solid
sedimentation, biofiltration, and sand filtration. The equipment corresponding to these
processes are the screens, the septic tank, the hydroponic system and the sand filters. A
corresponding preliminary economic screening was done and the process is found to be
comparable to existing waste treatment facilities. Furthermore, in the energy and material
balance, the sought after treated effluent standards for Class C waters were achieved in the
process. The whole process was able to achieve final effluent levels which are 2.192 ppm,
7.8913 ppm and 0.115014 ppm for BOD, COD and TSS levels respectively. Thus it was able
to pass the Class C water standards for new/proposed industries (NPI) which are 50 ppm,
100 ppm, and 70 ppm for BOD, COD and TSS levels respectively. There is also minimal
energy requirement due to the only source of energy which is the pump. By-product of
sludge was produced in the different parts of the process due to the solids removed, both
organic and inorganic matter. A HAZOP specifically on the Hydroponic system was done to
identify the possible consequences in the deviation of normal operations, being able to
identify the causes and the actions to correct the deviations. Overall, a design report is done
with evaluation and analysis on wastewater treatment design integrated with the modified
nutrient-film hydroponic system.

Table of Contents

Section 2.
Section 3.
Section 4.

Executive Summary
Introduction
Problem Statement
Review of Related Literature
Process Flow Diagram and Description
Mass and Energy Balance Calculations
HAZOP Study: Hydroponic System

i
1
1
1
4
7
16

Section 5.

References

18

Section 1.

List of Tables
Table 2.1
Table 3.2
Table 4.1
Table 4.2

Wastewater treatment facilities for market wastewater effluents

Components of the wastewater feed in terms of concentration
(Data from the Philippines)
Description of the Guide words
HAZOP Analysis

5
8
17
17

List of Figures
Figure 2.1
Figure 2.2
Figure 2.3
Figure 2.4
Figure 2.5
Figure 3.1
Figure 3.2
Figure 3.3
Figure 3.4
Figure 3.5
Figure 3.5.1
Figure 4

Input/Output Diagram
Block Flow Diagram 1
Block Flow Diagram 2
Block Flow Diagram 3
Process flow diagram of the proposed wastewater treatment
system
Schematic Diagram for Screening
Schematic Diagram for the Septic Tank
Schematic Diagram for the Hydroponic System
Schematic Diagram for the Sand Filter
Schematic Diagram for the Energy Balance
Friction Factor for Fluids inside pipes.
Diagram of the hydroponic system

4
5
5
6
6
7
9
11
12
13
15
16