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Chapter(28:(Plant(Structure(&(Growth(((
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1. Describe$the$structure$and$function$of$these$three$basic$plant$organs:$
(a) Roots$
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Fibrous$Roots$
Taproots$
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one main vertical root, develops from the embryonic root. gives rise to lateral roots (branch roots)
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(b) Stems$
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Terminal$bud$
Axillary$bud$$
Nodes$&$internodes$$
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(c) Leaves$
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Blade$
Petiole$
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2. Describe$the$3$types$of$plant$tissues:$
(a) Dermal$
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outer protective layer covering, protects plant from water loss and disease, also
insects by secreting sticky fluids and toxic compounds when they are near by
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(b) Vascular$
carries out long distance transport between the roots and shoot systems
Xylem$
move water and support the system
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Phloem$$
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(c) Ground$
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3. Plants$have$5$major$types$of$cells.$Below$you$will$find$a$picture$of$each$cell$type.$Give$the$major$
function$of$each$cell$type.$Specific$questions$may$follow$your$general$description$of$the$cell$type.$$
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same function as collenchymea cells, except they are more rigid, and when mature they
cannot elongate along with how the proccesses occur in regions where they stopped
growing in length
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sugar transport and organic nutrients transporter.
transported via gilled sieve cells
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4. At$the$end$of$this$first$extensive$concept,$do$not$lose$sight$of$the$big$picture.$Complete$the$following$
summary$charts.$$
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roots
stems
dermal
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
leaves
vascular
Sclerynchyma
ground
Xylem
Phloem
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5. What$are$meristems?$$
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perpetually embryonic tissues that allow intermediate growth
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6. Describe$the$location$and$function$of:$
(a) Apical$meristems$
$ at the tips of roots and shoots, provide additional cells that enable the plant to grow in length and go through primary growth
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(b) Lateral$meristems$
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7. Contrast$annuals,$biennials,$and$perennials.$$
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Annuals - germination to flowering seeds to production to death. wildflowers
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Biennials - flowering and fruiting in their second year. raddishes and carrots
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Perennials - trees, shrubs, and some grasses. live very long time.
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8. Draw$and$label$the$primary$growth$of$a$root.$Label$the$three$zones$of$cells$and$what$occurs$at$each$
zone.$
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9. Describe$leaf$anatomy.$$
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10. Compare$and$contrast$primary$and$secondary$growth$$
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11. Describe$the$roles$of$the$following$in$secondary$growth:$$
a. Vascular$cambium$
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b. Cork$cambium$
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c. Bark$
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12. Beginning$at$the$center$of$a$tree$trunk,$list$the$layers$as$you$proceed$outward$to$the$bark,$using$these$
labels:$cork$cambium,$cork,$periderm,$bark,$growth$ring,$secondary$xylem,$secondary$phloem,$and$
vascular$cambium$$
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Label$the$parts$in$the$following$diagram$of$a$flowering$plant$using$the$photo$in$your$book.$$
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cuticle
cuticle
cuticle
vein
guard cells
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