Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
By
January 2016
ii
Table of Contents
Page No.
Title Page
Table of Contents
ii
List of Tables
iii
List of Figures
iv
Chapter 1 Introduction
General Objective
Specific Objective
Significance of Study
Definition of Terms
9
9
Floor Mats
Rubber Sheets
10
Piezoelectric Transducer
11
Piezoelectric Crystals
11
Lithium-ion Battery
11
Full-Wave Rectifier
14
14
ii
Step up Chopper
16
Compression Springs
16
Working Theories
16
Energy Harvesting
16
Piezoelectricity
18
18
Frequency of Oscillation
19
19
20
20
20
22
24
24
24
25
25
26
26
26
ii
Local Works and Studies
In-Wheel Piezoelectric Generator for
28
28
29
30
31
Conceptual Framework
31
Block Diagram
32
Schematic Diagram
33
34
35
Lithium-ion Battery
35
PCB Layout
36
37
Test Population
39
Treatment of Data
39
39
ii
Calculation for the Tolerance
40
Testing Procedure
41
41
Proposed Project
43
Ideal Set up
43
43
References
49
Appendices
Appendix A
52
Appendix B
Bill of Materials
54
Appendix C
Gantt Chart
55
Appendix D
56
FEU-Institute of Technology
Appendix E
60
Consultation Sheet
64
iii
List of Tables
Figure No.
Description
Page No.
36
41
46
47
iv
List of Figures
Figure No.
Description
Page No.
13
14
22
23
28
30
Conceptual Framework
31
Block Diagram
32
33
10
34
11
Lithium-ion Battery
35
12
PCB Layout
36
13
System Flowchart
37
14
43
15
43
16
44
17
45
18
48
Chapter I
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Technology has evolved and became more advanced over the past decades and
along with this, the sources of energy that can power up electronics became more
industrialized.
Most energy sources have been depleting due to a great demand from its
increasing population. It is a given fact that the country has been battling with energy
sources that would supply electricity. Manila and other cities had experienced black
outs or power outages in earlier months of year 2015, specifically April to May because
of the shortage of supply of electricity [1]. Some of the energy sources like Malampaya
have been closed for operating due to weather or climate conditions.
The main energy sources which can be harvested are categorized in mechanical
energy from vibrations, thermal energy, solar energy, biomass and fossil fuels. Another
significant source of energy which is often overlooked is the human body. Human body
can generate a significant amount of energy through footsteps. The human waste foot
energy is being used to produce electricity which is a great evolution in electricity
generation. The average human can take 3,000 5,000 steps a day [2]. Some of the
energy wasted when human walks which is in the form of vibrations can be converted
into an electrical energy using Piezoelectric Crystals. Any form of vibration like
footsteps, heartbeats, etc. can generate electricity to activate electronic devices [3]. The
Most existing piezoelectric energy harvesting floors used floor tiles. Floor tiles
usually provide a hard surface. Unlike floor mats that are usually made of cloth and
rubber which are soft. An impact is a high force or shock which is applied over a short
period of time once two or more bodies collide whether elastic or inelastic [5]. A theory
in Engineering Mechanics states that impact strength, expressed in amount of energy
absorbed before fracture, decreases per increase in the modulus of elasticity which means
stiff materials will have less impact strength than supple materials [5]. Soft surfaces like
floor mats can produce more oscillations.
Piezoelectric Floor Tiles used ceramic tiles that are heavier than Puzzle Floor Mat
which uses rubber sheets. The mass of the upper layer of the mat which is the rubber
sheets will produce more vibrations than the mass of the ceramic tile. The concept of
frequency of oscillation states that the frequency is inversely proportional to the mass of
the person [6]. The heavier the person, the lower oscillation frequency will be produced.
A low frequency of oscillations will produce longer period of time. Thus, it will have a
greater generated output energy.
Puzzle Floor Mats are connected mats in which the circuit of each mat are
connected in series. Cascading of operational amplifiers is done through connecting each
op amps in series, thus, increasing the total gain. The gain is directly proportional to
the voltage output [7]. Batteries that are cascaded in series produce a higher voltage
output. The Puzzle Floor Mats are cascaded like cascading op amps or batteries in
which it increases the voltage output of the whole Puzzle Floor Mat.
With the aid of the facts, the proponents therefore offer to design an EnergyHarvesting Piezoelectric Puzzle Floor Mat using Piezoelectric Crystals. Instead of floor
tiles, which are usually made by clay or ceramics, a Puzzle Floor Mat will be used to
generate electrical energy through footsteps. These mats are made of rubber sheets which
are soft and elastic that will produce greater and longer vibrations. Greater and longer
vibrations will produce more energy to be converted.
The added parameters of the proponents study are the output energy of the
Piezoelectric Puzzle Floor Mat, installation and cost, weight of the project, as well as the
operability and maintenance. The output energy is the most significant parameter because
it will help in determining which devices it can supply. Installation of these floor mats
are very easy and low cost because it does not need to be installed like floor tiles. It can
just be laid down on the floor and materials that will be used are cheaper and available
in the Philippines. In addition, the frequency of oscillations of the spring has an influence
on the vibrations produced by the project. The weight of the person stepping on the mat
affects the frequency of oscillations which means it is also an important parameter to be
determined. Lastly, the operability and maintenance of the project is very simple since it
can be moved in different places and easy to fix when something is wrong.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Sources of energy in the Philippines have been diminishing because of a big
demand due to the increasing population in the country. The increasing demand in energy
impels researchers to find a renewable alternative sources. Piezoelectricity is a
technology in harnessing energy used in foreign countries as an alternative source.
Various energy harvesting piezoelectric devices have been developed like Piezoelectric
Floor Tiles.
The current study will design and localize existing Energy Harvesting
Piezoelectric Puzzle Floor mats. Puzzle Floor Mats will have a soft surface because it is
made of rubber sheets, hence making a longer and larger vibration due to the springs. It
will also be cascaded for a larger energy output. This study will contribute regarding the
problem of declining energy source of the country by using Piezoelectric Puzzle Floor
Mat which harness energy through oscillation.
1.3 General Objective:
To design and simulate the harnessing of energy of a Piezoelectric Puzzle Floor
Mat using Piezoelectric Crystals
1.4 Specific Objective:
To design a circuit for harnessing, monitoring and storing of the electrical energy
converted
To design a Piezoelectric floor mat which produce larger and longer vibrations
To attain an appropriate energy output of 2.5 Joules per step or higher of the
Puzzle Floor Mat through continuous testing
the piezoelectric crystals that will contribute in producing more vibrations. Furthermore,
this study will use a lithium ion battery with 3.7 volts voltage output.
The generated energy may depend on the weight of the person stepping on the
mat. A maximum of two persons can step on one mat. This study will only be
implemented indoors where many people are passing like building entrance or lobbies.
It can also be moved to different places. This study will monitor the output energy per
step manually using an energy or V/I meter. This study will use plugs that will help in
cascading the floor mats. The exposed jacks and plugs will have specific coverings for
protection against any liquid. However, the floor mat itself should not be soaked too
much with water because materials are not water proof.
The floor mat should be cleaned every day. The most common issue about the
maintenance of rubber floor mats is dirt and small debris which comes from the shoes
and slippers. In cleaning the floor mats, a vacuum or manual gentle scrubbing can be
applied. According to the data we gathered from the clinic, the average weight of the
students that are enrolled in FEU-Institute of Technology is 63kg. The maximum weight
that the floor mat can withstand is 36,993 kg. Therefore, any person can step on the floor
mat.
During testing, the researchers will use a controlled environment. Only one
person, weighing exactly 63 kg, will step on the mat. The person should step on the mat
in his natural way of walking. Moreover, using a controlled environment, the researchers
will be able to determine whether the energy is constant at every trial.
This will not include the study of any kind of tiles. The proponents will use a mat
that is made of rubber sheet which is water resistant in order to avoid any damage in the
internal parts of the mat in case that it will be wet. In addition, the Puzzle Floor Mat will
not generate energy if the foot is still on the mat unless the foot is removed.
1.6 Significance of Study
The electric energy consumption during 2010 was 64.52 billion kilowatt-hours in
the Philippines, which accelerated from 48.96 billion kilowatt-hours in the year 2013.
The electrical energy consumed in 2014 was 56.84 billion kilowatt-hours which was
ranked as 41st worldwide [9].This study will recommend a way to help lower the
electrical energy consumed annually by utilizing energy that is being dissipated by
human beings regularly. When a person is walking, an energy is formed through footsteps
or vibrations and can be converted into electrical energy. The harvested energy from
human footsteps is large enough to operate an electrical appliance/s and other equipment
which is costless. This project can also be placed in sidewalks to energy the stoplights
and the streetlamp since more footsteps from people walking through the Puzzle Floor
Mat will generate more energy. This study may help energy the lights in the hallways of
the schools and other business companies from the employees or students that are
walking through the Puzzle Floor Mat. Materials that would be used in this study are
locally available which is an advantage since importation of the materials will no longer
be needed.
The future researchers can enhance and develop the features and specifications of
the project as a recommendation. The Piezoelectric Puzzle Floor Mat can be converted
into a water proof floor mat. Floods caused by typhoons are not new in the Philippines.
If it is converted into water proof floor mats, it can be placed in the sidewalks where
pedestrians can walk through it and can still accumulate vibrations regardless of the
heavy rain and the flood. Moreover, since raindrops can create vibrations when it falls to
the mat, it can still generate energy during rainy days.
Definition of Terms
Piezoelectricity. The concept used in the project wherein it has the ability of a
material to produce an AC voltage from a mechanical energy in a form of vibrations or
stress specifically human footsteps. It also called as piezoelectric effect.
Piezoelectric transducer. It involves a crystal between two plates which form
vibrations and converts the vibrations to weak AC voltage.
Energy harvesting. A method of collecting small amount of energy which is in a form
of heat, light, sound, vibrations or movement. In this study, energy can be harvested
through vibrations and movement and will be used to convert into an electrical energy
using Piezoelectric Puzzle Floor Mat.
Water resistant. The ability to resist the penetration of water in some certain depth
but not entirely and one key feature of the Piezoelectric Floor Mat.
Oscillations. Produced by the vibrations.
Cascade. Connecting the circuit of each Piezoelectric Puzzle Floor Mats in series.
Op amps. Stands for Operational Amplifiers.
Chapter II
Review of Related Literature
This chapter discusses the review of related literature about Energy
Harvesting Piezoelectric Puzzle Floor Mats. It explains relevant concepts and materials
involving with the current study to provide the foundation of the proposed study.
10
Durability
Rubber sheets are strong and resilient against a variety of
conditions. If it installed properly, it can last for a long
time.
Soft
Given the fact that the material is strong and can last for a
long time, rubbers are actually soft.
Water resistant
Rubber materials are not absorbent of water or liquid
which theres no concerns about damage from simple
liquid spills.
Cons:
Slippage
If rubbers are not textured, it can become slippery when
liquid is spilled on it.
11
Dull finish
The appearance of the rubber sheets are unattractive to
many people which is why it is not a common option for
floorings where many people can see it.
Difficulty in Cleaning
Rubbers picks up grease so easy and have a tendency to
discolor when detergents are used for cleaning.
12
Light weight
-
Convenient
-
13
Cons:
Temperature exposure
-
Lithium-ion
batteries
high
14
15
16
17
perform a helpful task [18]. Moreover, Energy Harvesting, from natural sources
where an application can be implemented and sources of natural energy is
limitless, is an alternative source of energy to wall plugs and batteries which are
inconvenient
and
costly.
Energy
Harvesting
includes
photovoltaics,
18
2.2.2 Piezoelectricity
Piezoelectricity, also called the piezoelectric effect, is the produce of
electric potential or voltage from the crystals when mechanical stress is applied
through squeezing and deforming the crystal [20]. Piezoelectric effect has a
unique characteristics wherein it is reversible. It can function as a direct
piezoelectric effect where stress is applied to generate electricity. It can also
function as a converse piezoelectric effect where electric field is applied to
generate stress [21].
2.2.2.1 How Piezoelectric Effect Works
The charges in a piezoelectric crystal are normally balanced even
if it is not symmetrically arranged. Before exposing the material to
pressure and stress, the centres of the positive and negative charges of
each molecule concur wherein the charges are reciprocally cancelled.
19
1
2
Equation 2.2.4
20
amplifier circuit is the input of the next operational amplifier circuit. The total
output gain of the cascaded operational amplifier is the product of the individual
operational amplifier circuits [25]. If there are 3 operational amplifier circuits
given, the overall gain in cascade connection will be mathematically expressed
as:
= 1 2 3
Equation 2.2.5
21
made by the people who uses the station. This energy will be multiplied
by the number of people who crosses the station. Like in Tokyo station,
the energy will be multiplied over the 400,000 people who crosses the
station in an average day and this energies are sufficient to light up the
electronic signboards, according to East Japan Railway. Takuya Ikeba, a
spokesperson in JR East, said that We are just testing the system at the
moment to examine its full potential". Same concept is applied in Shibuya
station wherein on an average week, 2.4 million people passes through
this station. Soundenergy Corp. applied the Energy Generation Floor.
Yoshiaki Takuya, a planner with Soundenergy Corp. said that "An
average person, weighing 60 kg, will generate only 0.1 watt in the single
second required to take two steps across the tile. But when they are
covering a large area of floor space and thousands of people are stepping
or jumping on them, then we can generate significant amounts of energy."
The generated energies can be stored in a capacitor and can be distributed
to the part of the station including the electrical lighting system and the
ticket gates. It is important to know the generated output energy so that it
can easily determine what type of low energy device it can only energy
up [26].
22
23
for the harvester to fit and be compatible with the shoes as well as a
consideration for both high performance and excellent durability. An
average output energy of 1mW during a walk at a frequency of roughly
1Hz is obtained from the harvester. Through integrating the harvester with
a energy management circuit, a direct current (DC) energy supply is
created. The DC energy supply is verified by driving a simulated wireless
transmitter that can be activated once every 2 3 steps with an active
period lasting 5ms and a mean energy of 50 mW. Hence, this study
illustrates the feasibility of using piezoelectric energy harvesters in
energying wearable sensors. Wearable sensors are becoming smaller and
are frequently used by many which indicates that a need for portable
source of electrical energy is important [27].
24
25
26
27
floor tile throughout the day. The proposal of the project gave an option
which are renting the floor tiles and continuing on the expansion to the
other publicly areas on the New Brunswick campus. The estimated cost
of the project are $50,000 for renting the floor tiles and $800,000 for the
full permanent installation. The floor tiles can be installed in top of the
current floor and with the use of an inverter, the generated energy can be
connected to the electrical system of the building and can supply any
electronics like television display. The force exerted on the floor by a
person is approximately about 1 to 1.3x of the body weight. The project
can harvest 50% of the energy. The area covered by the floor tiles is
approximately 4,000 2 for using 1400 tiles. The total implementation
cost including the installation and maintenance cost is about $800,000. A
50-tile system can be rented because of high installation which are about
$65,000 including the installation and maintenance and it can be renter
over 1-3 year period. A 50-tile system can cover about 18 feet by 6 feet
rectangular area. With the use of this, it can generate 173 Watts which can
supply the monitoring and displaying of the harvested energy [29]. The
monitoring is 5-days in a week and 15 week per semester based on the
table below.
28
29
30
31
Chapter III
Research Methodology
This chapter discusses the methodology used in the study. It explains each section
of the design considerations and hardware specifications of the prototype. The population
and samples are also explained in this chapter. Furthermore, this chapter shows the ideal
set-up of the Piezoelectric Puzzle Floor Mat. Succeeding section explains the conducted
procedure and analysis to examine the appropriate output energy. This study also
illustrates particular diagrams to expound how the output energy will be attained which
is the main objective of this project.
3.1 Conceptual Framework
INPUT
Footsteps
Vibration
PROCESS
Converts
OUTPUT
the
vibrations to DC
Usable DC
voltage
voltage
32
are many people walking, there are also a higher calculation of the footsteps that can be
collected per day. The project must be placed in a public place to acquire many footsteps.
The generated output energy will be higher if there are many footsteps walking through
the project. The main process of the project is to convert the vibrations produced by the
footsteps into DC voltage. The output in this project is in the form of usable DC voltage
which can be the supply voltage for some low energy applications.
3.2 Block Diagram
Footsteps
Mat Surface
Piezoelectric circuit
Full-Wave Rectifier
Step-Up Chopper
Lithium-ion Battery
Load
Figure 8. Block Diagram
Wired monitoring
using Energy meter
or V/I meter
33
This figure shows the block diagram of the system. The human footsteps will
make contact and apply pressure to the mat surface that will produce vibrations. The
piezoelectric circuit converts the vibrations caused by the footstep into an AC voltage.
The output AC voltage is converted to DC voltage using a full-wave bridge rectifier. The
fixed DC output voltage of the rectifier will be converted into a variable DC voltage with
the use of a step-up chopper and will be stored in a Lithium-ion battery. The generated
voltage can be applied to a load but depending on the kind of load it can only supply. The
output energy per step of the project is monitored by using an energy or V/I meter.
3.3 Schematic Diagram
34
This figure shows the circuit diagram of the project. This also shows the
interconnection of the Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier, Step-Up Chopper, Lithium-ion
Battery, and the Full-Wave Bridge Inverter. The voltage source of the circuit is AC
voltage produced by the 25 Piezoelectric Crystals connected in series. The generated
energy will be consumed by the load if there is a load.
3.3.1 Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier
This figure shows the Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier circuit diagram. The
Full-Wave bridge rectifier converts the AC voltage source that produces by the
25 Piezoelectric Crystals connected in series into a pulsating DC. The capacitor
acts as a smoothing capacitor that smooth out the pulsating DC produced by the
Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier and creates ripples.
35
36
Model
GEB5650122
Voltage Output
3.7V DC
Current Capacity
4000mAh
Charging Voltage
4.25V 500mAh
This table shows the specifications of Lithium-ion Battery. The output voltage of
Lithium-ion battery is 3.7VDC
3.4 PCB Layout
37
Start
Footsteps
Is the person
finish
stepping on
the floor
mat?
AC will be converted to DC
using a full-wave bridge rectifier
38
A
Monitor using energy or
V/I meter
DC output stored in a Lithium-ion battery
DC voltage
Is there
a load?
End
39
circuit will be converted into a DC voltage with the use of a full-wave bridge rectifier.
The fixed DC voltage output of the rectifier will be converted to variable DC voltage
with the use of a step-up Chopper and will be stored to a Lithium-ion battery for later
use. The system will ask if there is a load connected to the circuit. The load will consume
the output DC electrical energy if there is a load connected to the circuit. The energy or
V/I meter are the device that will be used to monitor the energy of the mat per step. The
system will standby if the floor mat stops to oscillate.
3.6 Test Population
Through the data gathered from Computer Services Office (CSO), the average
number of students that enter the building of FEU Institute of Technology per day is
5,780 from November 9 to 14, 2015. The average number of students that leaves the
school premises is the same as the average number of students that enter. The researchers
use the exit as the location of the device so most of the students will be able to step on
the mat and to avoid getting wet of the Piezoelectric Puzzle Floor Mat. Due to the
inconsistency of implementing of tapping the I.D., the researchers chose the date of
November 9-14 of 2015 because of the strict implementation of tapping the I.D. in the
entrance.
3.7 Treatment of Data
3.7.1 Calculations for the number of trials
The researchers set a standard error tolerance level of 5%. The researchers
the error tolerance of 5% because it is the department standard and usually used
40
in thesis. The researchers will determine the number of samples/trials needed for
the project using the Slovins formula:
1+ 2
Equation 3.7.1
n=
5,780
1+(5,780)(0.05)2
Thus, the number of trials needed to attain the appropriate energy output
of the Piezoelectric Puzzle Floor Mat through continuous testing is 374.
3.7.2 Calculation for the Tolerance
Tolerance =
41
days =
ave. students
5,780
=
= 15.45 16 days
number of trials
374
1
2
Tolerance %
42
3
4
5
.
.
.
374
Ave.
Ave.
43
44
This figure shows the dimensions of the Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting floor
mat which is a 20 by 20 by 3. The dimension of the mat was in a square shape so that
the force exerted on the Puzzle Floor mat is equally distributed.
45
46
Force
Area
m
2)
s
250MPa =
2.54 2 1 2
(1.5inches)2 (
) (100 )
1
(max kg)(9.81
Outside diameter
0.48 or 12.19mm
Free Length
1 or 25.40mm
Solid Height
0.715 or 18.16mm
Max. deflection
Spring rate/constant
This table shows the specifications of the smaller springs. The springs model,
outside diameter, free-length, approx. load and solid height, solid height, maximun
deflection, and the spring rate/constant are shown in the table. The springs should be
sturdy enough so that when a person step on the mat, it will not be deformed.
47
Outside diameter
0.72 or 18.29mm
Free Length
1 or 25.40mm
Solid Height
0.705 or9mm
Max. deflection
Spring rate/constant
This table shows the specifications of the bigger springs as a support. The springs
model, oustdie diameter, free-length, approx. load and solid height, solid height,
maximun deflection, and the spring rate/constant are shown in the table. The springs
should be sturdy enough so that when a person step on the mat, it will not be deformed.
48
(a.)
(b.)
Figure 18. Comparison of design with respect to vibrations
This figure shows the comparison of design of existing study with the researchers
study with respect to vibrations. Figure a shows the design of an existing study of
Piezoelectric floor tile which has four springs as a support to the floor tile. While figure
b shows the design of current study which has a total of 29 springs as a support to the
floor mat. Figure b can produce larger and longer vibrations since it has the more number
of springs. Moreover, the location of the spring of figure b is just below the floor mat
unlike figure a. Thus, the effect of the steps is directly to the springs. The more number
of springs, the less its tendency of going sideways.
49
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4] http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/edexcel/generation_transmission_el
ectricity/electrical_quantitiesrev3.shtml.
[3 B. Doyle, Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting, p. 9, May 2012.
5]
[3 T. Caston, "Piezoelecctric Energy Harvesting Floor Mat," Electrical Engineering Community,
6] EEWEB, 2011.
[3 L. Gittins, "Houstin Chronicle," Hearst Newspaper, LLC, [Online].
7] http://smallbusiness.chron.com/types-bluetooth-technology-58388.html.
Available:
[3 N. Ismail and R. Abd Ghani, "Advance Devices Using Piezoelectric Harvesting Energy," IEEE
8] Xplore Digital Library, pp. 450 - 453, 2013.
[3 J. Carrillo and D. Marusiak, "Energy Harvesting of Human Movement," California
9] Polytechnic State University , 2012.
[4 "Star Trek," startrek.com, 2015. [Online]. Available: http://stattrek.com/chi-square0] test/independence.aspx?Tutorial=AP.
[4 M. S. N. N. G. Monika Jain, ""VIDYUT Generation via Walking: Analysis"," International
1] Journal of Engineering Sciences and Resaerch Technology , Feb 2013.
52
APPENDIX A
Chi-Square Critical Values Table
Degrees of
Freedom
0.10
0.05
0.025
0.01
2.706
3.841
5.024
6.635
4.605
5.991
7.378
9.210
6.251
7.815
9.348
11.345
7.779
9.488
11.143
13.277
9.236
11.070
12.833
15.086
10.645
12.592
14.449
16.812
12.017
14.067
16.013
18.475
13.362
15.507
17.535
20.090
14.684
16.919
19.023
21.666
53
10
15.987
18.307
20.483
23.209
11
17.275
19.675
21.920
24.725
12
18.549
21.026
23.337
26.217
13
19.812
22.362
24.736
27.688
14
21.064
23.685
26.119
29.141
15
22.307
24.996
27.488
30.578
16
23.542
26.296
28.845
32.
17
24.769
27.587
30.191
33.409
18
25.989
28.869
31.526
34.805
19
27.204
30.144
32.852
36.191
20
28.412
31.41
34.17
37.566
54
APPENDIX B
Bill of Materials
The tabulated estimation cost of the materials that are needed for the construction
of the project are listed below:
No. Materials
Price
Quantity
Total Price
Piezoelectric
Buzzer/Transducer
50.00
25
1250.0
500.00
10
5,000.00
2,500.00
2,500.00
80.00
640.00
Stainless Steel
(15in x 1in x 1in)
4
5
Vinyl Tile
4 pairs (8 pieces)
Banana Jacks
1,200.00
4 pairs (8 pieces)
Banana Plugs
75.00/pack
100
150.00
80.00/pack
20
80.00
Diodes
10.00
20
200.00
6.00
12.00
(1N4001)
9
Capacitors
(470uF, 25V)
10
Chopper
1,000.00
1,000.00
11
Energy meter
5,000.00
5,000.00
12
Lithium
(3.7V)
575.00
13
90.00
360.00
14
Ferric Chloride
40
40.00
TOTAL
ion
Battery 575.00
18,007.00
55
APPENDIX C
Gantt Chart
This table provides the chart illustration of the researchers Project Study 1
schedule which enables the researchers to coordinate and track specific activities and
tasks.
56
APPENDIX D
Average Weight of Students in FEU-Institute of Technology
57
58
59
60
APPENDIX E
Data of Average Students that Entered the School Premises
Date
2015-08-25
744
2015-08-26
6,075
2015-08-28
6,288
2015-08-29
4,834
2015-09-01
5,715
2015-09-02
4,352
2015-09-03
5,484
2015-09-04
5,412
2015-09-05
4,066
2015-09-07
4,882
61
2015-09-08
5,335
2015-09-09
4,620
2015-09-10
4,673
2015-09-11
2,445
2015-09-12
3,535
2015-09-14
4,875
2015-09-15
4,891
2015-09-16
4,016
2015-09-17
4,038
2015-09-18
3,948
2015-09-19
2,466
2015-09-21
3,628
2015-09-22
3,180
2015-09-23
3,614
2015-09-24
3,587
2015-09-26
2,750
2015-09-28
3,704
2015-09-29
2,389
2015-09-30
1,556
62
2015-09-30
1,556
2015-10-01
3,215
2015-10-03
2828
2015-10-05
2,320
2015-10-06
2,377
2015-10-07
1,684
2015-10-08
1,789
2015-10-09
1,691
2015-10-10
1,565
2015-10-12
1,401
2015-10-13
1,040
2015-10-14
522
2015-10-15
837
2015-10-16
4,030
2015-10-17
4,073
2015-10-20
4,256
2015-10-21
3,502
2015-10-22
2,080
2015-10-23
3,794
63
2015-10-24
345
2015-10-26
1,334
2015-10-27
3,987
2015-10-28
2,793
2015-10-29
1,656
2015-10-30
1,678
2015-11-02
5,816
2015-11-03
5,953
2015-11-04
6,445
2015-11-05
8,109
2015-11-06
7,158
2015-11-07
5,123
2015-11-09
7,103
2015-11-10
6,698
2015-11-11
5,430
2015-11-12
6,048
2015-11-13
5,672
2015-11-14
3,729
APPENDIX F
CONSULTATION SHEET
Project Study 1
Members:
CAPATI, Aubrey Sharmaine M.
MAGLUYAN, Pamela Kim Donnelle G.
POSTRE, Raul Christian M.
DATE
TIME
ACTIVITY
08 20 15
18:00 19:00
Chapter __ : Consultation
08 24 15
14:30 15:00
Chapter __ : Consultation
08 27 15
16:00 16:30
Chapter __ : Consultation
09 02 15
13:30 14:00
Chapter __ : Consultation
09 06 15
12:30 14:00
Chapter __ : Consultation
09 07 15
16:10 17:35
Chapter __ : Consultation
09 10 15
15:40 16:00
Chapter __ : Consultation
09 11 15
16:40 16:55
Chapter __ : Consultation
SIGNATURE
09 16 15
13:45 15:00
Chapter __ : Consultation
09 21 15
13:10 13:30
Chapter __ : Consultation
09 22 15
13:50 14:30
Chapter __ : Consultation
09 24 15
13:10 13:50
Chapter __ : Consultation
09 30 15
10:42 11:05
Chapter __ : Consultation
10 03 15
12:40 13:15
Chapter __ : Consultation
10 08 15
13:40 14:35
Chapter __ : Consultation
10 12 15
13:15 14:10
Chapter __ : Consultation