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ESCUELA SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICA DE CHIMBORAZO

FACULTAD DE INFORMATICA Y ELECTRONICA

ESCUELA DE INGENIERIA ELECTRONICA

TEXTO BÁSICO :

ENGLISH ONE

AUTOR :

Dr. LENIN LARA OLIVO

RIOBAMBA – ECUADOR

2009

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
1
UNIT 1

1. GREETINGS
Once you have been introduced to someone, the next time you see that person it
is important to greet them. We also greet people as we leave people. In English
(as in all languages), there are different ways to greet people in formal and
informal situations.

1.1. Formal Greetings: Arriving

Good morning / afternoon / evening.


Hello (name), how are you?
Good day Sir / Madam (very formal)

1.2. Informal Greetings: Arriving

Hi / Hello
How are you?
What's up? (very informal)
How are you doing? (very informal)

It's important to note that the question "How are you?" or "What's up?" doesn't
necessary need a response. If you do respond, these phrases are generally
expected:

buenos días hello


good morning
buenas tardes good afternoon
buenas noches Saludo good evening
buenas noches Despedida good night

hola hi

¿Cómo está(s)? How are you?


How do you do?
How is going on?
How do you feel?
¿Qué tal? How's it going?
bien fine
muy bien good

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


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malo not so good
más o menos, así así so so
OK

¿Qué hay de nuevo? What's up?


What's new?
What’s the matter?
nada nothing
nothing much
adios good-bye
hasta luego bye
see you later
hasta pronto see you soon

More Help!

Click in greetings to hear the sounds

Click English Politeness to hear the sounds

Señor

Señor + apellido
Salud!
cuando se
brinda por algo Señora

De nada
Señora + apellido

Señorita +
No hay de qué
apellido
(opcional)

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
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EXERCISE : YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION

What’s your name?


What’s your address?
What’s your phone number?
Where are you from?
What’s your e-mail address?

underscore lower-case letter

upper-case at
dash dot
capital letter

My name is Maria.
My address is 10 de Agosto
20-30 and Guayaquil Street.
My phone number is
2976502
I’m from Riobamba City.
My e-mail address is
maria@hotmail.com

Exercises:
1. What’s your name? Remember:

What’s = What is
2. What’s your address? 2976502 = two nine seven
six five oh two
@ = at
3. What’s your phone number? . = dot
. = period, point
(full stop)
4. Where are you from? a = lower- case letter
A = upper-case or
capital-letter
_ = underscore
Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo - = dash
English I
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5. What’s your e-mail address

EXERCISE

Now practice with other students in your class.

Student 1 Remember:
Possessives adjectives
1 My
Your
2 His
Her
3 Its
Our
4 Your
Their
5
Student 2

5
Student 3

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
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1.3. Interview Spelling Names

Practice the conversation.

LAST NAME FIRST NAME


A. What’s your last name? 1 Basantes Maria
B. Basantes.
A. How do you spell that? 2
B. B-A-S-A-N-T-E-S 3
What’s your first
name? 4
A. Maria.
5
B. How do you spell that?
A. M-A-R-I-A 6
7
8

1.4. Demonstratives Adjectives

Los adjetivos demostrativos son aquellos que se utilizan para determinar la


ubicación de las cosas y son los siguientes:

This – That – These – Those – Here - There


SINGULAR PLURAL
closer This: este, esta, éste, ésta These: estos estas
farther That: ese, esa, eso, ése, Those: esos, esas
ésa aquel aquella aquellos, aquellas

Here: aquí We use "here" for something which is near to us.


Example: Here is the pencil in my hand.

There: allí We use "there" for something which is far from us.
Example: There is the pen next to the lamp.

A diferencia del idioma español, en el que se determina la proximidad con ESTO,


ESO y AQUELLO, en el idioma inglés sólo se utilizan dos grados de proximidad:
THIS, para señalar lo que se encuentra más cerca del sujeto, y THAT para lo
que está más alejado.

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
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Estos adjetivos concuerdan en número, ya sea en singular o en plural, con el
sustantivo al que acompañan, mientras que en género no existen diferencias
entre masculino y femenino:

This flower is beautiful. Esta flor es hermosa.


This car is dirty. Este automóvil está sucio.

That house is expensive. Aquella casa es costosa.


That dog is bad. Aquel perro es malo.

These apples are cheap. Estas manzanas son baratas.


These pencils are in the box. Estos lápices están en la caja.

Those stars are in the sky. Aquellas estrellas están en el cielo.


Those boys are my friends. Aquellos niños son mis amigos.

1.4.1. El adjetivo demostrativo THIS también puede utilizarse para


presentar a alguien:

John, this is Mike. (John, este es Mike).

1.4.2. También se utiliza THIS para comenzar un relato de manera


coloquial:

This is the story... (Esta es la historia...)

1.4.3. THAT sirve para indicar algo que ha ocurrido o algo que alguien ha
dicho.

That was an incredible story. (Ha sido una historia increíble).

Exercises:
Complete the following sentences with Demonstratives adjectives

1. Esta casa es demasiado grande. .......... house is too big.

2. Estos son mis alumnos. .......... are my pupils.

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
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3. Esa ventana es pequeña. .......... window is small.

4. Este es mi libro. .......... is my book.

5. Aquellas flores son hermosas. .......... flowers are beautiful.

6. Esos zapatos son negros. .......... shoes are black.

7. Este perro es malo. .......... dog is bad.

8. Estos niños juegan en la calle. ......... children play in the street.

9. Estas son mis fotos. .......... are my pictures.

10. Esta mesa es mía. .......... table is mine.

1.5. Reading.

Read the conversations below:

David: Could you give me that book on the table over there?
Frank: Do you mean this book here?
David: Yes, that book.
Frank: Here you are. Oh, could you give me those magazines on the table
over there?
David: These? Sure, here you are.

David: Is there an apple on that table over there?


Frank: Yes, there is. Here it is.
David: Great, are there any oranges?
Frank: No, there aren't.
David: Oh, here they are, next to me on this table.

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
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Annex No. 1 Adjectives and click here to listen adjectives ending with ed and
ing (bore, bored, boring)

1.6. Possessive adjectives: Replace nouns. Possessive forms indicate


ownership. Also is followed by a noun

my
your
his Note: Possessive adjectives are used
to parts of a body (Annex No. 2)
her
Its Its is not the same as It’s. It’s means
Our it is.
your
their

Examples:

1. This is not my computer.

2. The cat has injured its foot

3. The boy broke his arm yesterday

4. She forgot her homework this morning

5. Its wing is broken.

6. Your son is very clever.

7. John is doing his homework.

8. My food is cold.

9. My brother is reading a book

10. Your sister is singing

11. Our parents are here

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
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Some parts of the body

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
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EXERCISE.

SUBJECT POSSESSIVE
PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES
have computer

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
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EXERCISES:
Choose the correct possessive adjective.

1. I have a pencil. ___ pencil is yellow.


a) Your b)His c)Our d) My

2. Maria has a ball. ___ ball is white.


a) Our b) Her c)Their d)His

3. Jose and Maria are students. ___ older brother is a mechanic.


a) Their b)Our c)Its d)His

4. When Maria was in Quito last Christmas she stayed at ___ grandmother’s
house.
a) his b) her c) their d) our

5. My family has a dog. and ___ name is Pancho.


a) Our b) Her c) His d)Its

6. George has a truck. ___ truck is new


a) Our b) Her c) Its d) His

7. Samuel and Jaime are students at the high school. ___ little brother is a
student at the middle school.

a) Their b)Her c)Our d)Its


8. Susan is Ecuadorian. ___ family is from Riobamba.

a) Our b) Her c) Its d) Their


9. When I was a child, I liked to sing and dance. ___ father sang and danced
with me.

a) My b)Her c)His d) Its

10. Maria and I have math class together. ___ teacher is Mr. Smith
a) His b) Her c) Our d) My

11. I have two brothers. ___ names are Juan and Carlos.
a) Their b) My c) Our d) His

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
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1.7. Possessive Nouns

To form the possessive for a noun we must add to the noun an apostrophe (‘)
and then the letter “s”.

1.7.1. Examples of regular nouns:


The boy’s name. The boys’ toys.
The girl’s pen. The girls’ pen.

1.7.2. Examples of irregular nouns:


The man’s car is in the garage. The men’s cars are in the garage.
The child’s toy. The children’s toys.

1.7.3. Possessives nouns with names:


Juan’s brother is sick
Miguel’s house is very far.
Carlos’ girlfriend is at the party.

1.7.4. OBSERVATIONS
We normally use (‘s) for people.
I went to my brother’s house. (NOT the house of my brother)
This is my mom’s sister.

We use of for things, places, etc..


What is the name of the movie
Quito is the capital of Ecuador

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
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1.8. Subject pronouns: Go before the verb

I
You
He Note: Also use the subject pronoun
after than, as and that.
She
It
We
You
They

Examples:
Remember
1. I am friendly
Subject
The Subject
2. You are a nice person Pronoun is
Subject

3. She is sweet always a


Subject capital letter
4. He is charming
Subject

5. They are funny.


Subject

6. It barks a lot (It is used to refer to things, animals and the weather: It is
Subject
raining.)
7. We are clever.

Exercise:

Write the possessive adjectives:

Subject pronouns possessive adjective


1. I my class

2. you teacher
3. he desk
4. she house
5. we car
6. they books

Annex No. 3 The Family and Parenthood

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
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1.9. SIMPLE PRESENT THE VERB “TO BE”
1.9.1. . Explanation
El verbo to be tiene tres formas: am, is y are. Si miramos el gráfico nos
daremos cuenta que:

1) am se utiliza solo para la primera persona del singular.


2) is se utiliza solo para la tercera persona del singular.
3) are se utiliza para la primera, segunda y tercera persona del plural y la
segunda persona del singular.

1.10. Affirmative Statement (positive)

Examples:

Affirmative statement enunciado (positive) Remember:


Always use the long form of the
Long form Short form verb be in affirmative short
I am your friend I’m your friend answer.
You are a nice person You’re a nice person A. Are you tall?
He is charming He’s charming B. Yes, I am. (not Yes, I’m.)
She is sweet She’s sweet
It is beautiful It’s beautiful
We are clever We’re clever
You are Cool You’re Cool
They are at home They’re at home

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
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Exercise:

1. Make one exercise of each subject pronouns in affirmative statements


2. Homework: find out about Countries and Nationalities.
3. Review at home put in correct order the following positive sentences.

1.11. . Negative Statement

“To Be” Verb Negative Remember

The Subject
pronoun is
always a
capital letter

Examples:

Negative statement

Long form Contracted short form


I am not your friend I’m not your friend
You are not a nice person You’re not a nice person You aren’t…
He is not charming He’s not charming He isn’t…
She is not sweet She’s not sweet She isn’t…
It is not beautiful It’s not beautiful It isn’t…
We are not clever We’re not clever We aren’t…
You are not Cool You’re not Cool You aren’t…
They are not at home They’re not at home They aren’t…

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
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1.12. . To Be Questions

“To Be” Verb Questions

Examples:

Questions

1 st Example 2 nd Example
Am I your friend? Am I right?
Are you a nice person?
Is he charming? Is He here?
Is she sweet? Is She a nurse?
Is it beautiful? Is it cheap?
Are we clever? Are We wrong?
Are you Cool? Are You Peter Smith
Are they at home? Are they American

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
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Exercises:
Choose the correct form of the verb to be. (simple present) (+,-, ?)

1. Firefighters ___ hard workers.

2. Sara ___ interested in computers now.

3. Sam ___ not a manager yet, but he hopes to be someday.

4. My mother and father ___ very proud of me at this time.

5. Susan ___ an engineer now.

6. I ___ am a student now.

7. Patricia and John ___ married now.

8. I ___ not married yet.

9. Maria ___ a computer technician now.

10. She ___ a website designer.

11. You ___ at home.

12. They ___ doctors.

13. We ___ in our classroom.

14. I ___ in my office.

15. It ___ a cat.

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
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Exercises:

Pick the Person!

1. They have a large house with a garden.


a. John b. Mary and Peter c. Joice

2. He has a motorbike.
a. Richard b. You and your sister c. Mr and Mrs. Smith

3. She has a cat.


a. Peter b. My brother and I c. Your aunt

4. We have a farm.
a. Susan and her family b. My family c. Jack

5. He has a new football.


a. Mary b. Mike c. Your parents

6. They have a horse.


a. I b. You c. My parents

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


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EXERCISE: Is the pronoun correct?

Look at the picture. Is the pronoun in the sentence correct? If it is, choose 'YES',
otherwise, 'NO'.

Tom
Bird

They are its wings.


They are your books.
YES NO YES NO
My family and I My family and I

It is our cat. It is their dog.


YES NO YES NO
Elephant Jack

It is their trunk. It is his cup of tea.

YES NO YES NO

Annex No. 3 The Family and Parenthood

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
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1.13. Question with Where, What, Who.

Wh-Questions

Wh-Questions allow a
speaker to find out more
information about topics.
What
Which
When
Where
Why
Who
Whom
Whose

Examples with What: Object/Idea/Action.

What is your name? What is the President’s name?

What is your project? What is the computer program?

What are they looking for? What is the weather like?

What is your city? What is hardware?

What time is it? What is your idea?

Examples with Where: Place.

Where are you from? Where is the bus station?

Where do you live? Where is it?

Where is the train station? Where is he?

Where is the phone? Where is the hotel?

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


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Where is the bank? Where is the teacher?

Where is the phone? Where is the bank?


Where is the washroom? (also called Where is the Internet cafe?
toilet, bathroom, ladies’ room, mens’
room, restroom)
Where can I get a taxi? Where is the bus stop?

Where is the hotel? Where is the doctor’s office? (hospital,


walk-in-clinic)
Where is the shopping center? Where can I park? (put the car)

Examples with Who: Person.

Who is the Ecuadorian president? Who is the best?


Who is the teacher? Who are they?
Who is the nurse? Who am I?
Who are my classmates? Who opened the door?
Who are they?

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
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1.14. Countries and Nationalities

Click here to hear an explanation about Nationalities

1.14.1. Where are you from? Or Where are you come from?

To respond, there are 2 possible answers.

1) “Yo soy de (país)”

Subject + am/is/are from Country

I am from Ecuador

2) “Yo soy …(nacionalidad)”

Subject + am/is/are Nationality

I am Ecuadorian

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


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Annex No. 4 See more Countries and Nationalities

Homework: Complete the crossword, print screen, and print it out.

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
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Exercises No.1:

Match the items on the right with the items on the left

I are
You is
He are
She am
It is
We are
You is
They are
Exercise No.1 in the computer

Exercise No. 2

Match the items on the right with the items on the left

I am I’m
You are We’re
He is You’re
She is She’s
It is You’re
We are It’s
You are He’s
They are They’re

Exercise No. 2 in the computer

Exercises: No.3

Choose the correct form of the verb “to be” :

1. I Polish Yo soy Polaco.


2. She Egyptian Ella es Egipcia.
3. We in Spain Nosotros estamos en España
4. You in France Tú estás en Francia.
5. You Japanese Ustedes son Japoneses.
6. They in England Ellos están en Inglaterra.
7. It on the table Esto está sobre la mesa.

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
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EXERCISE No. 4 : Where are you from? Where are you come from? I am
Ecuadorian

Complete the chart. Use the words from the box.


Canadian Canberra
Ottawa Australian
The United States Madrid
Spain Colombia
Mexican American
Colombian Mexico City
Rome Ecuador
Ecuadorian Italy

Country Capital city Nationality


Australia Canberra
Italian
Bogota
Spanish
Mexico
Washington, D.C.
Canada
Quito
Exercise No. 5.
Where are these cities? Complete the sentences. Use the words from the box.
England Australia
Brazil Costa Rica
Venezuela The United States
Poland Japan
Ecuador

1. Sydney is in Australia

2. New York
3. Tokio
4. San José
5. London
6. Warsaw
7. Rio de Janeiro
8. Caracas
9. Quito

Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo


English I
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Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo
English I
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