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Overview

The circuit was designed to create ten different frequency bands to be handled by a single
graphic equalizer to produce and maintain a predetermined area of frequencies.

Terminology

o Graphic Equalizer – a common type of equalizer considered as a high-fidelity audio


control which consists of a bank of sliders for cutting and boosting different frequency
ranges or bands of sound and allows the user to see graphically and control individually a
number of different frequency bands in a stereophonic system
o TL074 – low noise JFET quad operational amplifier with features such as high slew
rate, latch up free operation, compensated internal frequency, low harmonic distortion,
protection from output short circuit, JFET input stage with high input impedance, low
offset current and input bias, low noise, and wide common-mode and differential voltage
range

Circuit Explanation

A graphic equalizer is one of the two kinds of equalizers commonly found in radio productions
which derive its name from the rough graph of a sound’s altered frequency response that is
formed by the slider control settings on the front faceplate of equalizer. A typical graphic
equalizer consists of several audio filters/amplifiers with a specific audio range frequency.

In this type of circuit, ten ICs were used with their corresponding potentiometer for the regulation
of frequencies. Each connection has common components and would only differ in the capacitor
values that comprise each filter. This configuration forms a 10-band octave equalizer that will
operate on the center frequencies with the adjustment on both ends. The filter will not intervene
if the potentiometers RV1 to RV10 have been regulated in the middle for the passing signal. At
this stage, the gain is one.

The slide potentiometers control the volume or gain in most graphic equalizers which is adjusted
by moving a control button up or down. Proportionally, the upward sliding increases the gain and
the placement of sliding potentiometers for each channel is side-by-side. The highest frequency
adjustment is at the right while the lowest frequency at the left. Doing this arrangement allows
the buttons to be patterned in a graphical way while representing the gain as a function of
frequency for each channel.

The unit will act as a filter when the sliding is done on the output side where it cuts off the area
while degrading the signal of the predetermined area of frequencies. On the other hand, if the
sliding is done on the input side, the unit acts as a filter for passing the signal while being
amplified for the predetermined range of frequency. The circuit is connected between the
preamplifier and final power amplifier and the components used in constructing this circuit are of
good quality especially for the potentiometers and capacitors.

Part List

R1....20= 10Kohms C4= 10nF polyester C18= 68pF polysterine


R21....40= 1Mohms C5= 47nF polyester C19= 360pF polysterine
R41= 10Kohms C6= 4.7nF polyester C20= 36pF polysterine
R42= 1Kohms C7= 22nF polyester C21= 4.7uF polyester
R43.....52= 2.2Kohms C8= 2.2nF polyester C22-23= 33pF polysterine
R53.....62= 47Kohms C9= 12nF polyester C24= 10uF 25V
R63-64-66-67= 47Kohms C10= 1.2nF polyester C25-26= 47uF 25V
R65= 10Kohms C11= 5.6nF polyester C27...32= 47nF polyester
R68-69= 47 ohms 1/2W C12= 560pF polysterine IC1...3= TL074
RV1....10= 100Kohms lin FADER C13= 2.7nF polyester S1= 2X4 SW for stereo
RV11= 10Kohms log. C14= 270pF polysterine
C1= 180nF polyester C15= 1.5nF polyester
C2= 18nF polyester C16= 150pF polysterine
C3= 100nF polyester C17= 680pF polysterine

Application

The use of graphic equalizers may be found in consumer products that are commonly in middle-
and high-end stereophonic sound systems. The programs for graphic equalizers are available
for use in a personal computer for fine tuning of sound. They are also found as standard practice
in all professional recording studios, live sound reinforcement systems, and some high fidelity
systems where a graphic equalizer uses a spectrum analyzer to compensate for the room
acoustics and room frequency response, with matching frequency bands. This is very essential
due to the standing waves produced by the size of the room and the materials in it which causes
some sound frequencies to be louder than the others. All the graphic equalizers function by
dividing the frequency response range into separate frequency bands even if they come in
different designs.

Source:users.otenet.gr/~athsam/EQ_10_band.htm

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