Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Lifesaving process
One glass of your precious blood, and less than one hour of your time can be your gift
to a man, woman or child
BLOOD DONORS: Historical Perspectives
Following War-- American Red Cross and other nonprofit blood services
facilitate voluntary blood donation.
WHO DEFINITION OF VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONOR
A donor who gives blood by his own initiative ( in community blood letting
activities or as a walk-in donor in hospital blood banks).
A donor who volunteers to give blood when requested or recruited by the Blood
Transfusion Services (BTS) or Hospital.
PHILIPPINE SCENARIO:
MAY 1998
Closure of all commercial blood banks.
National Voluntary Blood Services Program ( NVBSP)
Reinforce voluntary blood donation.
OBJECTIVES
1.
To ensure that all blood centers establish and maintain their own panels or
regular voluntary non- remunerated donors.
2.
To get at least 4% of the donor age population to voluntarily donate blood
regularly at least twice a year.
3.
To increase public awareness of the need of safe blood.
General Considerations on Blood Donation:
Confidentiality
Close relationship
Regular donors are safer than new occasional donors because they are better
informed, are committed to helping others and are regularly screened for
transfusion-transmitted infections.
CLASSIFICATION OF DONORS:
I.
VOLUNTARY DONORS (WALK-IN)
II.
MASS BLOOD LETTING PROGRAM (GOVERNMENT, NGO)
III.
REPLACEMENT DONORS.
Physical examination
PRE-DONATION INTERVIEW
BLOOD PRESSURE
90-160 mm Hg systolic and 60-100 mm Hg. diastolic.
Cancer
Cardiac disease
Prolonged bleeding
Chronic alcoholism
TEMPORARY DONOR DEFERRAL
A. CONDITIONS:
1.
Pregnant ---- 9 mos. And 3-6 months after weaning
2.
Acute Febrile illness 2-3 wks. After febrile episode
3.
Previous donation 250 ml- 6 to 8 wks.; 1 unit 3 months.
4.
Major operation 1 year
5.
Skin piercing, tattoo one year
6.
diagnosed with malaria 3 years
7.
Exposure to malaria one year
8.
History of alcohol intake 12 hours.
9.
Chicken pox/measles 6 months
B.
C.
Vaccine received:
1.
live attenuated vaccine:
a.
Category 1 : measles, oral polio ,mumps, yellow fever, BCG 2
weeks
b.
Category 2 : German measles-1 month
c.
Category 3 : Rabies vaccine 1 year
2.
Killed Vaccine and toxoids
Hep. B, DPT,injectable polio vacine, Cholera, Tyhpoid,Influenza
may donate anytime if without symptoms
Medications taken:
1.
Antibiotics other than anti-TB may donate anytime
2.
Anti-Tb drug defer until TB is cured
3.
Aspirin and Piroxicam donate anytime except for platelet
4.
Highly allergenic drugs
After medications are stopped for at least one day.
5.
Contraceptive Pills - may donate anytime.
6.
Anti-acne medications
2 months after cessation of medication.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Vital Signs
Routine P.E.
LABORATORY TESTING OF BLOOD:
Page 1 of 4
RPR/VDRL----- SYPHILIS
HIV
HEPATITS B
HEPATITIS C
MALARIA
HEMOGLOBIN
Shall provide counseling to explain why donor has to either postpone or refrain
from donating blood.
Must contact the appropriate health care provider to establish linkage between
the health provider and the patient if confirmatory or additional testing and
continuing medical care is necessary.
LABELING
Expiration date
Other statements:
The abo blood group and Rh type are also shown in big bold letters
STORAGE
1-6 Centigrade
CPDA-1=35 DAYS
Product in which all the red cells and most of plasma from the original unit are
present.
Platelets and WBC present are not active because they require separation and
special storage.
Consists of formed elements (rbc, wbc, plts) making up about 45% of the total
volume
Process by which blood products are separated from a single unit of whole
blood.
225 ml. in volume when collected from 500 ml. of whole blood.
200-250 ml. of plasma will be extracted leaving RBC with Hct. of 70-80%.
Random donor platelets are produced form blood using the light spin to produce
platelet rich plasma.
Prepared by apheresis.
Indications:
for septic, severely granulocytopenic patient unresponsive to 48 hours of
antibiotic treatment.
FRESH FROZEN PLASMA
Page 2 of 4
Prepared by centrifuging whole blood and extracting 200-260 ml. of the upper
liquid plasma.
Contains 90% water, 6-8%protein, small amount of CHO and lipids.
Used for bleeding patients with multiple coagulation deficiency problems
secondary to liver disease, DIC, or dilutional changes from massive transfusion.
Also for factors V and XI deficiencies.
CRYOPRECIPITATE
Contains 80% units of factor VIII, 50% of Von Willebrand factor present in
original unit, 250 mg. Fibrinogen, 25% factor XIII and some fibronectin activity.
Major use for patient with severe Von Willebrands disease, factor XIII deficiency
or hypofibrinogenemia and those burn and traumatic shock patients which lacks
fibronectin.
CRYOSUPERNATE
Plasma left after separation from fresh blood of cellular component and
cryoprecipitate.
CROSSMATCHING
It may detect the presence of antibody in the patient serum that will react with
antigens on the donor red blood cells but was not detected in antibody screening
because the corresponding antigen was lacking from the screening cells.
CROSSMATCHING:
1.
MAJOR CROSSMATCHING:
patient serum against donor red cells.
2.
MINOR CROSSMATCHING:
patient donor red cells against donor serum.
Phases:
1.
Saline phase
2.
Albumin phase--- IgM antibodies
3.
Anti-globulin phase IgG antibodies
Transfusion Reaction
IMMEDIATE REACTION:
A. IMMUNOLOGIC:
1.
HEMOLYTIC preformed antibody
2.
FEBRILE NONHEMOLYTIC
DELAYED REACTION:
A. IMMUNOLOGIC:
1.
Delayed hemolytic reaction
2.
Graft vs. host disease
3.
Post transfusion purpura
B. NON-IMMUNOLOGIC:
1.
Hemosiderosis
2.
Disease transmission (HIV ,Malaria, Hepatitis B and C)
Page 3 of 4
Page 4 of 4