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In Longitudinal Stability,

Section 12

B and G are viewed from the side of ship.

Longitudinal Stability

These points are measured from:

Midships or
Aft Perpendicular.
They are referred to as:
Longitudinal centre of Gravity (LCG) and,
Longitudinal centre of Buoyancy (LCB).
Relative positions of LCB and LCG will effect
the ships trim.
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Note:
Trimming couple ?
Trimming Lever ?
Trimming Moment ?

Longitudinal Centre of Flotation (LCF)

(Also called the Tipping Centre)
Ship tips at this point, when the trim is
changed.
Its the centre of Water-plane area.
Ships draft at this point indicates its
underwater volume and displacement.

If ship is on Even-Keel ,
Can we find LCG without
lengthy calculations ?
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If F is at midships

Centre of Floatation

Boxed Shaped Vessel

Even Keel

Trimmed by Stern

Why does it change with the draught ?

Half Trim
Trim

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Activity (1):

Proportion of trim to Fwd or Aft end will depend on

distance from F to that end.

A ship 160m in length is trimmed 1.2m by the stern.

LCF is 2.8m abaft midships. Find the draft at the fwd
and aft perpendiculars, if the TMD = 5.0m.

EVEN KEEL
F

Change of draft aft =

TRIMMED BY STERN

Draft Aft

M
y

l
L=LBP
x + y = TRIM

y>x

Activity (2):

Find the TMD of a vessel of 185m in length if the AP dr

is 9.66m and FP dr is 7.92m. LCF is 4.13m aft of midships.

(80 - 2.8) x 1. 2m = 0.58 m

160
= 0.58 + 5.0 = 5.58m

Change of draft fwd = (80 + 2.8) x 1.2 = 0.62 m

160
Draft Fwd.
= 5.0 - 0.62 = 4.38m

Trimming Moments
Means of creating a Trimming
Moment:
Longitudinal transfer of a weight
Loading / unloading of weight

Find Trim
Find Correction to fwd or aft dr to find LCF dr.
Ans: LCF Dr = 8.829m

Trimming Moment = Tr. Lever x Displ

Trimming Lever = LCB ~ LCG
LCB is obtained from the hydrostatic particulars.
LCG is obtained by calculation.
Once the Trimming Moment is obtained, you can obtain
the trim by :
Trim =

Trimming Moment cm
MCT1cm

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Longitudinal Centre of Gravity

( Known as LCG )
As you load and discharge weights, the position of
ship's G changes.
A convenient method of determining the position of G
is by taking longitudinal moments about a common
point of reference.
This point of reference in the case of LCG is either
Midships or the Aft Perpendicular

MCT1cm is the moment to change trim by 1 cm over the LBP,

obtained from the Hydrostatic Table.
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Taking Longitudinal Moments About

Midships or Aft PP
LCG of ship after adding or removing weights is
referred to as the Final LCG.

Trimming Moments
Means of creating a Trimming
Moment:
Longitudinal transfer of an onboard
weight

FINAL LCG = FINAL LONG. MOMENTS

FINAL DISPLACEMENT
See MV Onesuch Condition No. 2

Loading / unloading of weight

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If a wt is shifted in fore & aft direction:

Trimming Moment created = Wt x Distance Shifted.

Taking Trimming Moments about LCF after

adding or removing weights:
Eg: Adding 50t at 10m fwd of LCF creates 500t-m Trimming
Moments to Fwd.

Change of Trim (CoT) = Trimming Moments cm

MCTC

This CoT can then be proportioned to the FWD & AFT drafts.
A bodily sinkage or rise due to change in displacement also
has to be taken into account.

Remember:
MCTC has to be adjusted for the R.D. (like TPC)
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Attempt:
Example 3 (Page 12-7)

Find bodily sinkage (Wt TPC)

Find CoT by taking moments about LCF (Wt x dist)
Find Change of Draft FWD and AFT due to CoT
(proportion trim)

Example 4 (12-8)
Use CoT = Tr Moments
required to be created.

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If a wt is shifted in fore & aft

direction:
Trimming Moment created =

Activity (3):

Wt x Distance
Shifted.

Find the change of trim (COT) of a ship, if a wt of 20t is shifted

from fwd to aft over a distance of 65m. MCT1cm = 100 t-m
Change of Trim =

Trimming Moments
MCT1cm

= 20 x 65 = 13.0 cm or 0.13 m
100

Change of trim can then be proportioned to find the

fwd and aft drafts as discussed earlier.
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Trimming Tables

MCTC to find moments

That amount of moments must be equal to wt x dist

to No. 1 from LCF.

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Trimming Tables

may be used to find drafts

after adding or removing weights. They solve the
sinkage/rise plus change of trim.
Table in page 9 shows the change in draft fwd and
aft for 100t placed in the locations indicated by
arrows.
Table in page 10 indicates the change in fwd and aft
draft due to filling of a tank. Note: this table is not

worked on a set wt, but for the total wt of the tank.

Draft to be used in the tables is: True Mean Draft
ie. Draft at LCF.
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Activity (4) : MV Onesuch, floating in SW at an even keel draft

of 6.0m, loads the following cargo:

100t in No. 1 hold aft,

200t in No. 3 hold forward

250t in No. 4 hold centre.

Find the new drafts and displacement.
Space

Wt (t)

Dr. Aft
(m)
6.00

Dr. Fwd
(m)
6.00

Initial Dr

8609

1H (Aft)
3H (Fwd)

+ 100

- 0.12

+ 0.25

+ 200

+ 0.06

+ 0.18

4H (C)

+ 250

+ 0.625

- 0.35

Final

9159

6.565

6.08

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Ans:
New draft:
F 6.08m
A 6.57m
Displ = 9159t
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Best of luck for your exam!

END

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