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Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
PALl BUDDHISM
BY
H H TILBE,
'Profes<or
MA
C>/ Pal
IN
RA)IGOON
DAPTIST
COLLEGE
RANGOON.
AI\IRRICA'Il B .. P1IST MISSION PRESS 1
I', D PHINNE\' 1 SUPT 1
lQOO
PREFACE
iv
PREPACE
BuRMA,
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
I
INTRODUCTION
Jambudipa
L1fe of old Aryans
Changes
Two burnmg q uest1ons
AscetiCism
Metempsyckons
.. ,
A new philosopher
...
CHAPTER
II
Gotama born
marned
11
,
becomes an ascetiC
becomes Buddha
,
,
wms first d1sc1ples
,.
rev1s1ts old home
,
attams panmbbina
Legends of
11
CHAPTER
Ill.
Dhamma
Pili Canon
..l'l'hree Councils
Fundamental Doctnnes
(1) -God and Soul
(2)-Amcca
(3) -Khandas
(4).-Kamma
v(S) -Ar1ya-Saccim
a, Dukkha
h, Tanha
c, N1bbina
d, Magga
:z
2
5
5
5
7
7
s
9
IO
IO
IO
1I
IJ
13
13
IS
15
19
19
19
20
21
2:Z
24
24
25
26
27
27
28
39
VI
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Four Stages
Eth1cal System
.
(I) -Five Precepts .. .
(:z).-Eight Precepts .. .
~) -Ten Precepts
(4) -Evil Pnnciples .
(5).-Ten Depravmes
(6) -Ten Fetters
.
(7) -Seven Jewels .
(8) -Ten Transcendent Virtues ..
Buddha not the peer of Chnst
Ideal not attamable ..
CHAPTER IV
The Sangha
Lay-diSCiples
.
Doctrme of " Ment "
The 3angha not a pnesthood
Siimana and Samanera
Admission
Four Forbidden Acts
Four Resources
Eight art1cles possessed
L1fe m V1haras
Food
Clothmg
Duttes and dally routme
MeditatiOn
...
(I) Jhiina
~). Samiidhi
Bhikkh uni-Sangha
T1mes and Seasons
(1). Uposatha Days ...
(2). Vassa
(3). Pavirana
(4}. Civaratnasa
(5). Pat1hii.rakapakkha
.
Changes m Buddhtsm not strange
30
31
~2
32
32
32
33
33
33
34
34
35
36
3b
36
37
38
39
39
40
40
41
41
41
42
43
44
44
44
45
46
46
47
47
47
47
48
CORRIGENDA.
Page
"
"
"
"
"
"
5
10, 14
11, 13
14
21
30
30
for Sakavala
read Cakkavila,
PriiJii.pati
PraJii.pati
" Uravelii.
" Uravela
" Belugamako " Belugii.mako.
" as a
" asa
" Sakkii.yadtttht ,11 Sakkii.yad1tth1
" Das-SaiiiloJii.m , Dasa-Sal1iioJiinl .
"
INTRODUCTION.
''Three hundred year~ bt:fore Alexandna was founded,
about the t1me that fhale~, the most auc1ent ph1losopher of
Europe was tea<:.hmg 111 Gn.eu. that water 1s the ongm of
all thmgs, tht. soul ot the world , and Zoroast<:.r, m Media or
Pers1a, was !I} stemat1zmg the lire worsh1p of the mag , and
Coufucws 111 Chma was calhng on the teemmg multitudes
around h1m to offer to guard1.m spmts and the manes of their
ancestor~> , and Nebuchadm.zzar was st.ttmg up h1s golden
1mage m the plam~> of Dura , and Dame! was labonng 10
Babylon to L'tab!Jsh tht. worsh1p of the true God m Judea,
a rt.verend sage who had left a throne for philosophy, was
travehng from Gaya to Benares, and from Benares to Kanouj,
exhortmg thL people agamst theft fal~ehood, adultery, kllhng,
* Nor d1d
and mt<:.mpt.ran<:.t.
PALl BUDDHISM.
INTRODUCTION.
CHAPTER 1.-JAMBUDiPA.
In the cosmogony of Buddhism every world or Sakavala
consists of a Mount Meru surrounded by sea m wh1ch he four
huge Islands,-one to the North, one to the East , one to the
South, and one to the West, of Lhe Mountam In the world
m wh1ch we h\e 1 the Island lymg South of Mt Meru
IS called Jambudipa
Among Buddhists the name generally meant, m 1ts widest sense, all the known world , m
a narrower sense, tt was largely used m reference to Ind1a 1 or
so much of lndta as was known, m distmct1on from other lands
In this Jambud1pa, m the valley of 1ts great nver Ganges,
Buddhism arose, datmg from the hfe-ttme of 1ts founder,
Gotama Buddha, somewhere 6oo-soo B C.
The whole Ganget1c plam had already at that time been
long m the possessiOn of the Aryans , and the darker races
who had come mto the land before them had been destroyed
or dnven away or absorbed mto the conquenng people.
These conquermg Aryans, who had come mto India from
the North-West, many years before, and, after fully occupymg
the country of the Pan] ab, had pushed on down the valley of
the Ganges, were one of the seven great races mto wh1ch an
older people had separated m different waves of mlgrauonPersians, Ind1an Aryans, Greeks, Romans, Kelts, Germans,
and Slavs
We learn from common elements m the languages of these
seven races, that, already before they separated, there was
somethmg of Civilization m the old parent stock ; and 1t 111
certam that these Aryans brought considerable of Civ1hzat1on
With them mto Ind1a
Their oldest literature dates back more than a thousand
years before the nse of Buddhism and g1ves p1ctures of their
hfe m that far away penod
At that earher t1me they were engaged m wars of conquest,
gradually advancmg from a cold North-land mto ncher and
warmer countnes towards the South and South-East, taking
PALl BUDDHISM
JAIIIBUDIP A.
themselves and the darker slaves, had alreadv settled toto the
hard and cruel system of caste whtch for thirty centuries has
been a bhght on the mass of Indta's people
The stmple worsh1p of the old-tlme dettles had become an
elaborate system of sacrtfices and ntual HenotheJSm had
been swallowed up m polytheism ; and th1s, m turn, had
gtven way to pantheism of most ngtd momst1c type There
had been developed the doctrme of one God who was not
only supreme over all else m the umverse but was the only
real existence all else that appeared-gods, men, animals,
mammate thmgs,-were but emanatwns from htm
Under such circumstances life for the masses could not but
be full of e\tls and hardshtps and mequahues.
By the grt:at maJonty, no doubt, the suffenng and wrong of
thts VICIOUS artdictal hfe were borne wtth the dull apathy of
dense Ignorance and dark superstitiOn , but there were some
m all classes who were askmg two burnmg ql'esnons,(1) Whence comes all this unequal suffenng m the hves
of men~
(2) How may It be averted or escaped?
The rehgtous use of the Vedas and all pnestly funcuona,
such as the performance of sacnfice and other rehgtous ceremomes, were the exclusive nghts of the htgh-caste Brahm1ns;
and no one from another caste could by any means ever attam
to them But a knowledge of some parts of the Vedas and all
secular learmng were open to any one m either of the other
two castes of the real Aryans, and there arose from thetr
ranks many philosophers and reformers N.evoltmg from the
orthodox crf'ed and the settled customs of society, they
dthgently sought and zealously taught new schemes for the
amehoratJon of the evtls of hfe and for the explanatton of tts
mystenes
There was an almost umversal behef m the sanctity of
ascettctsm, and m the efficacy of penance, m gatnmg superhuman power and mstght , and the whole land was full of
ascetics These. dad m yellow rags, etther hved apart from
men, dwelhng as hermtts m the great forests, eatmg only
leaves and roots and frultS found about them, and spending
thetr whole time m deep and myst1c meditation ; or elae
wandered from place to place surrounded by bands of
admtrmg dtsctples, eatmg alms begged from house to house,
PALl BUDDHISM
JAMliUDIPA
GOTAXA
11
PALl BUDDHISM
GOTAliA.
13
PALl BUDDHISM
GOTAliA.
IS
16
PALl BUDDHISM.
GOTAMA,
I7
J8
~arcely less
PALJ BUDDHISM.
CHAPTER 111.-DHAMMA.
, dd!sm," p. n.
JO
PALl BUDDH[Sl\1
1t was wholely 1n the power of the leas orthodo~: Northem School a11d had no
DHAMMA,
PAU BUDDHISM.
DHAMMA.
PALl BUDDHISM.
DHAllllA..
PAL[ BUDDHlSM.
DHAMMA
J8
PALl BUDDH19N
"Desue"
No oth..:r feature of Buddh1sm has been more d1scussed or
more generally misunderstood Accordmg to d1fferent scholars 1t embraces every state lymg between conscwus and
perfect bhss equal to the Chnst1an's most exalted 1dea of
Heaven, and absolute extmctton of sentient extstence
Dr. Max Mueller was the first to senously study the word m
connection w1th all the available passages m wh1ch 1t occurs
m the Pih Canon , and he reached the conclusion that 1t
meant absolute extmctton
Prof. Chtldcrs followed m the same sort of research, and
reached the conclusiOn that the word had a double slgmficatlon-really meanmg absolute extmct1on , but bemg apphed,
by antic1pat1on, to the Arahii. even before death
Dr Rhys Dav1ds was the first to make clear the real use of
the word m the Pih Canon, as s1gmfymg not a state after the
Arahii.'s last death , but a condztzon m h1s last hfe-an extmctlon, pnmanly, of the causes of reb1rth
Accordmg to Brahmm 1deas, there could be no release from
sulfermg. except through escape from hfe Itself-when the
ema11ated soul should be reabsorbed mto Brahmii.
In reJectmg the Brahmm 1dea of a Supreme and Eternal
DHAMMA
PALl BUDDHISM.
DHAMMA.
32
PALl BUDDHISM.
DHAIIMA.
33
Dasa-Kdesi. or 11 Ten Depravities'' must be avo1ded (1) Lobha or "Lust "-(z) Dosa or "Hate "-(3) Moha
or "Folly "-(4) Mina or " Pnde"-(S) D1tth1 or "Heresy"(6) Vtcikcchii. or ''Doubt ''-(7) Thina or "Sloth "-(8) Ud
dhaccha or "Arrogance "--(9) Ah1nlti or" Shamelessness"(10) Anottappa or "Recklessness."
Dasa-SatitiOJii.Dl or " Ten Fetters" to be got rid of m the
''Four Stages" of the "Path," have already been g1ven 1n
the d1scusson under Anya-Saccim
Apart, however, from th1s merely negative morality wh1ch
cons1sts m avo1dmg gross sms and corruptmg pass1ons, there
are positiVe precepts wh1ch prescnbe the cultlvatlon of
mentor10us deeds together w1th states of heart both benevolent and pure
Satta-Ratanii.m or "Seven Jewels" constitute a necklace of
act1ve VIrtues that are to be most strenuously sought and
guardeda-Sat1pa~thina or" Earnest Meditation,"
(1) On the body-(2) On sensat1on-(3) On thought(4) On the cond1t1ons of existence
h-Sammappadhii.na or " R1ght Exertion,"
(t) To prevent dement from ammg-(2) To get nd of
dement that has ar1sen-(3) To produce mer1t-(4) To
mc:rease ment.
c-Iddh1pii.da or "Bas1s of Mag1c Power," as res1ding m
(1) Wdl-(2) Eff'ort-(3) Thought-(4) Investigation
d-Bala or 11 Power," as found m
(1) Fa1th-(2) Energy-(3) Recollechon-(4) Self-concentrahon-(S) W1sdom
e-Indnyim or 11 Organs of Sense," as bemg under thorough
control,
(1) Eye-(2) Ear-(3) Nose-(4) Tongue-(5) Body.
f-BoJJhaughi. or "Knowledge Requ1s1tes,"
(1) Recollection- (2) Invest1gat10n-(3) Energy-(4)
Joy-(s)Calm-(6)Contemplatlon-(7)Equammtty"
g-Anya-Atthaugtka-Magga or "Noble-Etght-Fold-Path,"
the etght d1vts1ons of whtch have already been g1ven m the
diScusston under Anya-Saccim t
See p 30 of th11 work
30 of th11 work
t See p
34
PALl BUDDHISM,
DHANMA
35
CHAPTER IV.-SANGHA.
From the very first there were two classes of the Buddha's
followers, the Bh1kkhus or "Mend1cants, and the Gahapatts
or" Householders "-also called Upiisakas or ''Adherents."
Gotama very Wisely recogmzed the fact that not all could
or would accept h1s Dhamma m all the fullness of its mean~ng and requ1rements
He reahzed thaL very few, comparatively, from the great
mabSes of men would ever attempt, and fewer stdl succeed m
the attempt, to follow his " Path," throughout its four ddlicult " Stages" to the goal So w1th great practical good
sense he offered a modtfied hope to a moral and benevolent
la1ty-who after all were really necessary for the support of
hts Saugha or " Order of Bhtkkhus "
These lay-dtsctples, contmumg to hve an ordmary hfe to
the world-marrymg, reanng a fam1ly, earmng a hvehhoodentertamed practtcally no hope of attatmng Ntbbina m thts
present exiStence A few of the more eamest mtght hope to
reach the " Second Stage," or even the " Thtrd Stage " of
the ''Path , '' but the great ma.Jonty d1d not a~m at once
beyond the "Fust Stage " All, however, were certain of
finally attatmng the goal
Adwiss1on to the latty was very stmple, conststing merely
in the acceptance of the" Four Noble Truths" and the
repetztzon of the formula of "Three Refuges"-" I go for
refuge to the Buddha." "I go for refuge to the Dhamma"
" I go for refuge to the Sangha."
After admtsston, the only absolute requirement was the
observance of the Paiica-Silim or first 11 F1ve Precepts."
However, the Gahapatts were afimonsltetl to observe the
whole ethtcal system and to undertake more or less severe
and protracted medltatton ; and the way was always open
for them to pass on mto the Saugha, 1f at any t1me they
became earne&t enough to abandon the householder's life and
become mendtcant ascetics. Even as householders, they
SANG HA.
37
PALl BUDDHISM
SANGHA,
39
PALl BUDDHISM
SANGHA
41
PA.LI BUDDHSM
SANGHA.
The robes consasted of three separate paeces-(1) A loincloth, a straaght strap covenng the lom and thagha-(a) A
skart, a straaght strap fastened about the waast and draped
about the lower hmbs-(3) A blanket or cloak, a broad
straaght strap adjusted about the trunk so as to cover the
entare body below the neck, except the rtght shoulder and
arm whach were left bare The completely tonsured head
was always left bare
Later on, sandals and an umbrella were allowed, and a large
fan was earned as a screen to shut out stghts hkely to diSturb
the calm of subjectave contemplataon
The dutaes and routme of datly hfe m the Sangha were
very sample
Farst of all was the necessaty for dascaphne wathin the
Order atself W1th the hfe of the laaty they had absolutely
noth1ng to do , they were not spmtual or moral overseers,
and m no sense pastors of the masses of men among whom
they lived and to whom they looked for support But at
was essenttal that they mamtam the rules and avoad the
prohJbJtions la1d down for their own Order
Except m cases of vaolataon of the more seraous prohabitions
and when a member voluntanly requested the assembled
brethren to pomt out any fault notaced m hlS hfe, no charges
were ever preferred by one agamst another , but all matters
of dascaphne came up on voluntary confessaon of fault.
On Uposatha Days, all members assembled m thear regular
chapters to listen to the Pitamokkha-a body of rules for the
government of the Order, even m most tnvaar detail-and
each was expected to confess to any conscaous failure in the
observance of any of the rules Silence was consadered a
claam of gualtlessness In case of vaolauon of the more Important prohabatJons, ammediate and Irrevocable expulsion
from the Sangha was anfhcted , m other more minor faults,
penances, more or less severe, were Imposed
Instructaon was an amportant duty The preceptors must
for five years gave mstructton to those who had selected them
at the ume of reception mto full membershap , the Sii.malJ.eras
were under more or less constant mstructton by Simanas ; generally any espec1ally samtly or capable Simana was expected
to impart hiS greater attamments to those who desired has
anstructaon Outside thear own membershap there was much
PALl BUDDHISM.
mstructton of the latty and acttve mtsstonary effort m propagandllm among those who had not yet accepted Gotama's
doctnnes , and, m later years at least, 10 every land where
Buddb1sm estabhshed 1tself, schools were opened m connection w1th the V1hiras, for the da1ly mstruchon of all the
boys of the communtty both m the Dhamma and m the
ordinary bran<.hes of secular learnmg , so that m Buddh1st
commumt1es a man 1s rarely met, who has not the rud1ments
of education
Med1tat10n, however, was the most 1mportant of all matters
m a Simana's hfe , for the w1sdom so essent1al to h1s advancement along the " Stages " of the " Path '' was particularly
t"::at evolved from h1s own mner consciOusness m the
act of med1tat10n There were five pnnc1pal subjects of
med1tat1on (1) Mettabhivani or" Med1tat1on on Love "-(2) Karunibhivo~ni or " Med1tat1on on P1ty ' -(3) Mudttabhivani or
"Med1tat1on on Joy ''-(4) Asubhabhii.vani or "Med1tataon
on lmpunty "-(S) Upekkhibhavani or "Med1tataon on
Equammtty"
One obJeCt m med1tauon was the culuvat1on of Jhina or
" Mysttc Intuttton " by whtch were attamed supernatural
w1sdom called Abh1ftfti, and supernatural power called Iddht
In Jhina there were four stages ut -Seatmg btmself m a secluded spot, the Simav.a fixed
hts thought upon the chosen subject unttl he became filled
With supernatural ecstacy , and h1s body was plunged tnto
profound trance, whde hts mmd contmued an contemplatton
of the subJect chosen
2nd-Still keepmg hts thought fixed upon the same
subject, he gradually freed hts mmd from all actlvty m
reasomng, whtle the ecstacy remamed
3rd-Stdl keepmg Ius thought fixed on the same subJect,
he gradually freed htmself from ecstacy and attamed to a
state of calm o;eremty
4tA -Sull keepmg hts thought fixed on the same subject,
he passed mto a state where every emotton of pleasure or
pa1n, every act1v1ty of thought, was lost, and only pure tranquil peace remamed
Another obJect m med1tatton was the cuhvat1on of Samidha
a atate of,supernatural calm often confounded w1th ]hina,
SANG HA.
45
PALl BUDDHISM.
MID
s.uldHA..
PALl BUDDHISM
way by the more pious, who then reframed entirely from all
ammal food, though usmg It freely at other bmes; and Vassa
has, not maptly, been called by European scholars, Buddhtst
Lent.
The greatest mertt m connection with these holy days,
however, was to be gatned by observmg the precepts and
mmtstertng to the Sali~ha durmg Patthiirakapakkha or
" Extraordmary-fortmght, 1 and most espectally by furmshing
the members w1th needed robes at that time
Such was earhest BuddhlSm-the BuddhiSm fairly derived
from the most authentic sources, the Pih Pttakas . such were
tts Environments, xts Founder, 1ts Philosophy, Its Ethtcs, its
Brotherhood, and Its Special Days That none of these
things long remamed such, 10 the behef and practtce of Its
adherents, xs not strange It xs only another proof that human
nature ts stronger than a sybtem of human philosophy; that
the human soul can be netther successfully denied, nor long
depnved of God and worship ; that atheism and self-seekmg
are the certain destructxon of all that embrace them.
PIN IS
INDEX.
PAGE.
Abhiftdi1
44
17
Absalom,
Absolute Anmhllat1on, 29
36
Adherent,
Aggregates,
24
33
Ahmki,
Akaraniyini, Cattiri,
40
Akusala-Mii.lim, ...
32
JI, u
Alira,
Alexandna,
J
34
Amenca.
31
Anigimi,
Ananda,
13, 14
Anathapindaka,
14, 41
24
Anatta,
Anger,
30
24
Amcca,
AnnihilatJOn1 Absolute, 29
Anottappa,
33
26
Apostles' Creed, ...
Arahi,
28, 29, 31, 34 45
Arahii.sh1p,
...
37, 46
Anya-Atthalig1ka-Magga 1 2 9
33
26, 33
Anya-Saccim,
.
Anya-Saccin11 Cattiin,
31
Arrogance,
33
31
Ariipariiga,
Aryans,
5, 7
As1a,
38
AS1at1c,
I7 1 39
Asoka,
141 20,21
Asubhabhivani,
44
23
Asuras,
Atheam,
:z:z, 48
PAGE.
u
Athe1st,
Atheistic,
u
Attachment,
26 1 28, 29
32
AtthaiJ.ga-Silii.n1 1 ...
Attnbutes, Subjective, 25 1 27
AVIJJi,
29, 31
B
1
Babylon,
Bala,
33
BaSis of Mag1c power,
33
28
Bemg, Eternal, ...
Sentient, ..
271 28
,
Superhuman,
30
11
22 1 29
Supreme,
11
14
Belugii.mako,
r, 10, 12
Benares,
Bh1kku, 15, 36, 37, 39 1 40,
41, 42, 451 47
Bh1kkhuni,
151 45 1 46
45 1 46
Sangha,
11
Bh1kkus, Order of,
36
19
Bible,
B1mbisii.ra,
13 1 41
Buth,
28
Bodh1satta 1
16
BOJJhaligi,
33
u
Bo Tree, Sacred,
Brahmii.,
91 x6, 28, 29
Brahmaloka,
31
Brahrnm, 71 81 9, II 1 141 25,
28,46
Brahmimsm,
81 z:a
so
PALl BUDDHISM.
PAGE.
Buddha, I, z, So 91 U 1 14,
IS, 16, 17, zs, z6, 30,
31, 32, 34. 36, 39 41, 45
19
Buddhaghosa 0
Buddhism, 1 1 z, 3,
60 u,
191 31 0 :u, 23, Z5 1 z6,
z8, 34, 35, 37, 44 48
BuddhiSt, So 19, ZI, z6, 30,
32, 34 35. 38, 44
Buddhist Lent, ..
48
I, 23
Burma,
s,
c
Cakkavi.la,
S 24
Calm,
33
Canon, 19, :zo, u, :z8, 34 37
Cathohc18m,
35
40
Cattii.n Akaraniyim,
Cattin Anya-Sacci.nt,
31
Catti.ro N tssayi, .
40
19
Ceylon,
..
Chanda,
15
Chandagutta,
20
Character, Essential,
2S
Chanty,
34
Childers,
27, 28
Chma,
1
Chnst,
...
34
Chnstian, 1, 17, 19, :zo, :z8, 34
Chnstianity, 91 19, :z6, 30, 35
Civari,
...
42
Civaramisa,
42, 47
Coenobite,
13 1 38
Coenobites, Order of,
38
1
Confucius,
Contact,
28
ContemplatiOn, . ..
33
Continued Ex18tencf' 1
28
D
Damel,
1
Dasa-Kdesa,
33
Dasa-Paramiti,
34
Dasa-Safl.fiOJiDI 1
30, 33
32
Dasa-Silini1
David,
17
Davids, Rhys,
I l 1 19, :z8
32
Day, Uposatha, ...
Delusion of Ego-Ity,
30
Demon, Serpent,
40
Demon-Tempter,
17
Dependence on Rites,
30
Dependent-Ongmation, 27
Depravities, Ten,
33
Desire, 26, 27, 28, 29, 37, 38
Desire, Extinction of, 28, 29
Deva,
16, 17
14
Devadatta,
30
Devaloka,
Dhamma, 3, 14, 15, 201 27,30,
31, 36, 37, 39o 44 4So 47
Dhammacakkappavattana
13
sutta,
Dhammisoka,
20
32, 36, 41
Dtsciple, Lay,
DI&Ctphne, Rules of,
:zo
33
Dtttlu,
Doctnnes of Faith,
zo
Doubt,
30, 33
Dosa,
33
Dukkha,
24, 27
Dura,
1
51
INDEX.
PAGE.
PAGE.
E
Earnest Meditation,
33
Effort,
33
Ego,
2g, go
Ego-ity,
30
Energy,
gg, g4
Enghsh,
19
Equammity,
g3, 34
Med1tat10n on, 44
11
Essential Character,
25
Eternal Bemg,
28
Ethics,
21 26, 30, 31, 48
Europe,
I, 34
European,
..
48
Evd Prmc1ples, ..
g2
Exertion, Right, ... 30, 33
ExiStence, Continued,
28
ExtinctiOn,
28
of Desire, 28, 29
11
Utter, ...
29
11
Extraordmary-fortmght, 47
48
F
Fa1th,
33
,,
Doctrmes of, 20
Female-Ascetic, ...
45
Mendicant,
45
11
Fetters,
30, 3I 1 37
Ten, ...
30
11
FJVe Precepts, ...
g6
Folly,
...
gg
Forbidden Acts, Four, 40
Form,
...
25
Founder,
... g8, 48
Four Forbidden Acts,
40
,, Noble Truths,
g6
Four Resources,
, Stages,
11 Truths,
Fruit,
40
go,~!
go, 31
G
GahaptJ,
36
Ganges,
5
Ganget1c,
5
Gayi,
1
S
Germans,
God,
22, 2g, go, g8, 48
39
Gomg-Forth,
Gotama, I, 3, 51 9, 101 II, Ig,
14, 15, I6, I9 1 20, 21, :z:z,
2g, 24, 26, 27, 29, gi, 34
35. 36, 37, 38, 4I, 42, 44t
4546
Great Decease, ..
1S
,
Founder,
g8
,
Renunciation, I7 1 18
Teacher,
20
11
Greece,
1
Greeks,
5
H
Hate,
Heaven,
Hell,
Henotheism,
Heresy,
Hierarchy,
Himalayas,
Hindu,
Holy One,
Hour1 1
Householder,
g3
2g, 28, gi
23
7
33
38
IO
II
gi
161 I7
36
PALl BUDDHISM.
PAGE
I
lddhi,
44
lddhtpida,
33
Ignorance. 27,28,29 1 3I 1 37
Impermanence,
24
Impurtty, Meditation on, 44
lndta,
s, 7, 8, IO, IS, I9
lndtan,
5
lndnyii.m,
33
Intuttton, Mysttc,
44
33
InvesttgatiOn,
47
Invttatton,
J
Jambudipa,
]etavana,
Jewels,
3, 5
14,41
Jhii.na,
44
Joy,
,.
Meditation on,
JudalSm,
]udea,
33
-45
33
44
9
I
K
Kimarii.ga,
30
Kamma, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29 1
37
27
Kammam,
KanouJ,
1
Kapllavatthu,
IO, I3 1 I4
Karma,
27
Karu9Abhivani,
44
Kassapa,
I3
IS
Kelts,
Khandas, 241 25, 26, 27, 29,
30
PAGE.
Khatttyas,
Kilesa, Dasa-,
Ktndness,
Knowledge-Requtsttes,
Kohs,
Kosalas,
Kusmagara,
10
43
34
33
10
14
IS
L
Lay-dtsctple,
32, 36 41
Lent, BuddhiSt,
48
Lobha,
33
Lo\'e, Meditation on,
44
33
Lust,
for Corporeal Ltfe, 31
11
, Incorporeal Ltfe, 3I
11
M
Magga, AnyaAtthail.gtka, 33
Magt,
I, 16
Mag1c Power, Bas1s of,
33
Mahii. Kappas,
24
Mahipanntbbinasutta,
IS
19
Mahmda,
Mina,
3I 1 33
Mira,
I7 1 18
Mason,
I
Master,
20
Max Mueller,
.
28
IO, IS, 16
Miyii.,
Medta 1
I
MeditatiOn, 33 4I, 44, 45, 47
.,
Earnest, . . .
33
on Equammity, 44
11
Impunty,
44
11
11
"
" Joy, ..
44
44
11 Love,
11
44
,
, Ptty,
ss
INDEX.
PAGL
PAGE.
0
Occident,
34
Old-Age,
28
Omntpotent Creator,
Z2
Order, 39r 40, 43r 45, 46, 47
of Bhtkkus,
,
11 Coenobites,
Organs of Sense, ...
Onental,
Orthodox School,
11
36
38
28,33
17, 34
20
p
Pabba.i.Ji,
39
Pih, I, 19, 20, u, 28, 34,
35. 37. 48,
Panca-stlim,
32, 36
PanJab,
S
PantheiSm,
7
Paramlttii., Dasa34
Panmbbii.na,
29, 37
..
Pii.tahputti 1
20
Path, 22, 23, 26, 27, 30,
33. 36. 37. 38, 44
, Noble-Etghtfold-,29
30, 33
Pattence,
34
Pattgha,
...
30
471 48
Pat1kii.rakapakkha,
Pii.Umokkha,
43, 46
IS
Pii.vii.,
Pavii.ranii.
47
Peepul,
12
Perception,
25
Pers1a,
I
Perstan,
5
Phtlosophy,
... 2 1 3I 1 48
1 1 3, u, 48
P1takas,
Plly, Med1tat1on on,
44
7
PolytheiSm,
40
Poverty,
Power,
33
Prajipati,
zo, 14, 45
Precepts,
3ll
,
Eight,
32, 47
.,
Ftve,
32 1 36
PALl BUDDHISM.
54
PAGE.
Precept&, Ten,
32, 39.40
Pretas,
23
Pride,
3I, 33
Pr1esthood,
38
Principles, Evil-,
32
Protestant,
.
35
Puraty of L1fe,
40
R
Rams,
I4 1 20, 41, 42, 47
Rijagiha, II, I3. 14, IS, 41
Rajput,
...
10
Rihula,
Io, 13
33
Rataniim, Satta-,
Reason,
25
Recklessness,
33
Recollection,
33
Reformation,
35
Refuges,
36, 39, 40
Renunciation, Great,
17
Requ1s1tes, Knowledge-, 33
Resolution,
34
40
Resources, Four, ..
Rhys Dav1ds,
11, 19, 28
R1ght A1ms,
30
, Deeds,
30
., Exert1on,
30, 33
., L1vehhood,
30
, Med1tat1oo,
30
, Mandfulness,
30
, V1ews,
30
, Words,
30
Rates, Dependence on,
30
Robe.Month,
... 42, 47
Rohm1,
10
Romans,
5
20
Rules of DJSCiphne,
Riipa,
25
Rupariga,
3t
SacciJn, Ariya-,
23,33
PAGE.
Sacred-Bo-Tree,
la
Sakadigimi,
30
Sakka,
23
10
Sakkas,
Sakkiyad1tthi,
30
101 16
Sil,
Sa mid hi,
4445
Simal)a, 39, 40, 41, 43. 44
46,47
Simanera,
39, 43, 45 46
Simani,
... 45, 46
Sammappadhina,
33
Sangha, 3, 13, 14, Is, 2o,
32, 36, 37. 38, 39. 40, 42,
43. 45. 46, 47. 48
Sankhira,
25
Sanni,
25
Sani'iOJii.m, Dasa-,
30
Sinputta,
13
Sat1patthina,
33
Satta-Rataniim,
33
Sii.vatthi,
14, 15, 4t
School, Northern,
20
,
Orthodox,
20
,
Southern,
20
Self,
2 3, 24, 30
34
, Abnegation,
,, Concentration,
33
, Exaltation,
3I
Sensataon,
25, 27, 28
Sense, Organs of, 25, 28, 33
Sensuousness,
30
Sentient Bemg, ... 27, 28
Serpent-Demon, ...
40
Seven Jewels,
33
Shamelessness,
33
SilabbataParimisa,
30
Silii.m, Atthati.ga-,
32
,
Dasa-,
32
,
Patica-, ... 32 1 36
ss
INDJEX,
PAGF.
Slavs,
5
Sloth,
33
30
Sotipanna,
Soul,
u, 48
Southern School,
zo
48
Special Days,
T
Tanha,
26, 27, 28, 29
Teacher, Great,
zo
Tempter, Demon-,
17
33
Ten Deprav1t1es,
30, 33
11 Fetters,
, Precepts,
32, 39, 40
11 Transcendent V1rtues,
34
35
Testament, New,
1
Thales,
Thina,
33
33
Thought,
19
Three Baskets,
Three Refuges, .. 36, 40
T1mes and Seasons,
46
T1-p1taka,
19, 21, 35
Transcendent V1rtues, Ten,
34
Translation, Buddh1sm m,
25
Truth,
,.
Noble,
Two Refuges,
Uddaka,
u, u
Uddhacca,
31, 33
24
Umverse,
Upidina,
zz, 261 27 1 29
Upisaka,
36, 42
Upekkhabhi.vani,
44
Uposatha Day, 32, 37 431
46, 47
Uraveli,
Utter-Extmction,
V
141 41 1 47 1 48
Va~a,
Veda,
7, 11
25
Vedani.,
Veluvana,
41
30, 33
V1clk1cchi,
V1hi.ra, 14, 41 42, 44, 45 1 46
47
20
Vmaya,
..
25
Vu:'lnina,
V1rtues, Ten Transcencent,
34
Warren,
Way,
Wdl.
Wdhams, Momer,
W1sdom,
...
zs, 27
12
33
23
33t 34
Yasodhari.,
17, 45
34
27, 28, 31
39
PAGE.
Zoroaster,
10,
13 1 141 16