Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
NEW
TANK
PROJECT
The object of this survey project is as follows:1. To impart training in the use of survey instruments and to acquire a comprehensive idea
of the project.
2. To train the students under difficult and realistic situation of the surveying project.
3. To develop team spirit in practical work.
4. To impart confidence in the management of the survey project.
The need for irrigation can be summarized in the following four points:
Less rainfall:
More water is available and then, the means to convey water to the area where
there is deficiencywhen the total rainfall is less than that needed for the crop, artificial
supply of water is necessary. In such a case, irrigation system should be developed at the
place where.
Non-uniform rainfall:
The rainfall in a particular area may not be uniform throughout the crop period.
During the early periods of the crop rains may be there, but no water may be available at
the end, with the result, that either, the yield may be less or the crop may wither. But the
accumulated or stored water during the excess rainfall period may be supplied to the crop
during the period when there may be no rainfall, but there is a need for watering.
Controlled water supply:By constructing a proper distribution system, the yield of crop may be increased.
Application of water to the soil by modern methods of irrigation serves the following
purpose:
1
2
3
It adds water to the soil to supply moisture essential for the plant growth.
It washes out all diluted salts in the soil.
It reduces the hazard of soil piping.
The alignment of the canal should be such as to ensure, the most economical way
of distributing water to the land, minimum no of cross drainage.
The length of the main canal source to water shed shall be minimum.
When the canal deviate from one counter to another, the alignment shall have less
number of CD work.
The field canal shall be separately provided for high and low lands .
By the number of hectares that 1 cumec of water can irrigate during the base
2
3
Gross commanded area:An area is usually divided into a number of watersheds and drainage valleys. The
canal usually runs on the watershed and water can flow from it, on both sides, due to
gravitational action only up-to drainage boundaries. Thus in a particular area lying under
the canal system, the irrigation can be done only up-to the drainage boundaries. The gross
Keep staff on permanent B.M and take readings and enter it as back sight in the
2
3
field book.
Take intermediate points towards the direction of required point is reached.
If the staff is invisible shift the level and note down the last reading as fore sight,
after shifting the level and temporary adjustment take readings of that point and
note down it as back sight.
Continue this procedure until the required point is reached.
The R.L of the point is determine by using these formula
H.I= P.B.M +B.S
R.L = H.I-I.S or H.I-F.S
4
5
Type
1)
Homogeneous
or Modified
Homogeneous
2)
Purpose
Modified
Homogeneous
Detention
or Storage
Storage
Soil
Classification
GW GP SW
SP
GC GM SC
SM
CL ML
CH MH
GW GP SW
SP
GC GM SC
SM
CL ML
CH MH
U/s slope
D/s slope
Previous
2.5:1
3:1
3.5:1
Not suitable
2:1
2.5:1
2.5:1
Previous
3:1
3.5:1
4:1
Not suitable
2:1
2.5:1
2.5:1
Type
Purpose
Shell Material
Classification
Zoned with
Minimum
Any
Not critical,
rock-fill;
GW,GP,SW,SP
Zoned with
Maximum
Core 1
Detention
OR
Storage
Not critical,
rock-fill:
GW,GP,SW,SP
10
Core
Materials
Classification
Not critical
GC, GM, SC,
SM, CL, ML,
CH, MH
GC,GM,
SC,SM,
CL,ML,
CH,MH
U/s
slope
D/s
slope
2:1
2:1
2:1
2.25:1
2.5:1
3:1
2:1
2.25:1
2.5:1
1:1
Zoned with
Maximum
Core1
Not critical,
rock-fill,
GW,GP,
SW,SP
Storage
GC,GM
SC,SM
CL,ML
CH,MH
2.5:1
2.5:1
3.0:1
3.5:1
LOCATION
: 762 m.
1.12 SURVEYS:
1.12.1 BUND ALIGNMENT:Length of the bund
: 310 m
: 9.40 m
: 99.280 m
: 97.780 m
: 97.280 m
Free board
: 1.5 m
Methods used
: Block contouring
Contour interval
: 10 m
: 99.280 m
11
2:1
2.25:1
2.5:1
3.0:1
: 89.880 m
: 97.780 m
: 97.280 m
:5m
: 9.40 m
Free board
: 1.5m
: 2.5H: 1V
Downstream slope
: 2 H: 1V
CONTOUR (m)
99.280
16900
97.780
96.280
95.880
94.880
93.880
92.880
91.880
90.880
89.880
14500
12280
10510
7580
3550
1620
510
180
0
By Trapezoidal formula
=[(A1+An)+2(A2+....+An-1)]
= 64893m3
By Simpsons rd formula =[A1+An+4(Aeven)+2(Aodd)]
= 64914.67m3
UPTO FSL:
By Trapezoidal formula
=[(A1+An)+2(A2+....+An-1)]
= 34648 m3
12
= 0.25 x (H+0.58)
= 0.25 x (9.40+0.58)
= 0.79m
1.14.2 TOP WIDTH:As the height of the Dam (H= 9.40m) is less than 15m, the bund has to be
designed as a small dam.
T = (0.2 x H) +3
= 0.2 x 9.40 +3
= 4.88 5.0 m
Type of material
U/S slope
13
D/S slope
2.5:1
2:1
2.
3.0:1
2.5:1
3.
2.5:1
2.0:1
3:1
2.5:1
3.0:1
2.5:1
4.
Adopting side slopes for homogeneous well graded material from the above table
U/S = 2.5:1 and D/S = 2:1
Sl.No.
1.
Up to 4.5
1.2 1.5
2.
4.5 to 7.5
1.5 1.8
3.
7.5 15
1.85
4.
15 to 22.5
2.1
(m)
Base period, B
(days)
Kharif:
14
Delta,
Duty, D
(cm)
(ha/cumec)
120
135
Vegetables
Wheat
90
180
120
65
864
1794.46
45
84
1728
1829.6
Rabi:
Therefore, the discharge required and the volumes of water required are:
CROPS
AREA,
A(hect)
BASE
PERIO
D,B(day
s)
DELTA
DUTY,D =(8.64XB)
(ha/cumc)
D
(mt)
DISCHARGE
Q=A/D
(cumec)
VOL.
V=Ax
(ha-mt)
KHARIF
RICE
1.2
120
864
1.2
1.44x10-3
1.44
MAIZE
1.0
135
1794.46
0.65
6.5x10-4
0.65
RABI
VEGETABLE
0.4
90
1728
0.45
1.8x10-4
0.18
WHEET
1.0
180
1829.6
0.84
8.4x10-4
0.84
Q (Kharif)
= 2.09x10-3cumec
Q (Rabi)
= 10.2x10-4cumec
Capacity of reservoir
= 34670 m3
= 3467m3
= 31203m3
1.15 WEIR:
The weir is a solid obstruction foot across the river to rise the water level and
divert the water in to the canal. Weirs are classified in to two heads depending on the
criteria of the design of their floods.
Department of Civil Engineering
Jain college of engineering, Belagavi
15
= 67630 m2
TBL
= 99.280 m
MWL
= 97.780 m
FSL
= 97.280m
Height or Depth
= 9.40 m
= 0.5m
= 10.1
= 2.5H:1V
= 2H:1V
Peak Discharge,
Qpeak = CA(2/3)
= 10.10 x (0.0676)(2/3)
Qpeak = 1.676 cumec
Difference between MWL & FSL i.e., Maximum Head is assumed as
Head = MWL FSL = 1.5 m
The width of horizontal masonry wall = 2(D+H) = 2(2+0.5) = 5m.
The width of horizontal masonry wall = 4(D+H) = 4(2+0.5) = 10m.
Assuming Broad Crested Weir,
Length of weir can be calculated as,
Department of Civil Engineering
Jain college of engineering, Belagavi
16
= 0.55(H+h)
= 0.55(1.4+0.5)
Base width,
= a+h/n *2
= 1.03m 1m
= 1+1.4/4 *2
= 1.7m 1.8m
With a 0.3m projection on each side & depth of foundation thickness=0.6m.
= 99.280m
= 95.880m
Top width,
= 0.5m (assume)
Height, of abutment H
= 99.280-95.880
Bottom width, B
= 0.4xH
= 3.4m
= 0.4x3.4
=1.5m
U/S WING WALL:
Top level = FSL+0.3
= 97.280+0.3 = 98.08m
Height H =Top level-Top of bed concrete level
= 98.080-95.880
= 2.2m
Base width = 0.4xH
= 0.4x2.2
17
Height H = 1.4m
Bottom width,B
= 0.4xH
= 0.4x1.4
= 0.54m adopt 0.7
1/6 =1.7/L
L= (1.7 x 6)/1 =10.2m
L = AB+BC+CD+DE+EF
= 0.9+0.6+2.1+DE+1.0
10.2 = 4.6+DE
DE = 10.2-4.6
DE = 5.6m say 6m
Hence provide,
Ist Apron 0.4m thick & 3m length
IInd Apron 0.3m thick & 3m length
18
A= b x d
0.5 = 2d x d
(since b=2d)
D = 0.50 m.
b = 2 x 0.5 =1.0m
Hence, provide a rectangular sluice of 1m x 0.5m.
= 0.6m
= 0.75m
Bed concrete,
= 0.6m
Wearing coat,
= 0.1m
The discharge obtained from above calculations is very much less for design.
Therefore the discharge is assumed to be 1 cumec i.e., Q = 1 cumec.
h = head = Average lower water level in the tank Top level of sluice
However, sluice opening is to be designed for a driving head for normal
operating condition of 0.25 m to 0.3 m
:. Adopt h = 0.25 m
1.0 = 0.6 x a x
2 x 9.81 x 0.25
a = 0.752 m2
Department of Civil Engineering
Jain college of engineering, Belagavi
19
(B = 2d)
0.752 = 2d 2
d = 0.613 m
B = 2 x 0.613
= 1.226 m
= 1.0 cumec
= 1 in 2000
DESIGN:
Assuming D = 1.50 m
Vo= 0.55mD0.64
= 0.713m/sec
Assuming side slope of canal as 0.5 H: 1V
Now, A= Q/V= 1/0.713= 1.403m2
A = (B+0.5D) DB = 0.185m
Perimeter P = B+5D = 0.185+ (5)1.50 = 3.540m
R = A/P = 1.403/3.540=0.396 m
Velocity,
20
= 0.727m/sec
Hence, CVR = m = Vo/V = 0.713/0.727= 0.980
V = V0
0.73 = 0.73
But for this depth we get B = 0.185m which is much smaller practically. Therefore
for practical purpose we adopt the bed width of canal asB= 0.5m.
Therefore,
Depth
Slope
= 0.5H: 1V.
1.50 m
0.5 M
Actual discharge, Q = AV = 1.875 x 0.73 = 1.370m3/s
Therefore, Provide a Canal with base width as 0 .50 m & depth of 1.50m
21
1. Full flow:When the reservoir is full and there is steady seepage at its maximum rate. This
type of situation occurs in the rainy season then the phreatic line of earth dam is
maximum and calculated.
2. Sudden draw down:The most critical condition at which reservoir is suddenly emptied without
allowing appreciable drainage from the saturated soil mass. This condition is known as
sudden draw down at this time due to decrease in the water at the upstream side the
preparation of the earth dam also decrease the height of the phreatic line which is cellular.
LENGTH OF FILTER:We have to provide a downstream drainage system for our bund to drain out the
seepage water.
They are constructed of material appreciably more pervious than the embankment
soil.
Providing filter zones at D/S Sides have two purposes:
1. It reduces pore water pressure in the D/S portion of the dam and hence increases
Stability
2. It checks piping by checking migration of particles.
22
= 99.280 m
= 89.880 m
= 97.780 m
=5m
= 2.5:1
D/S slope
= 2:1
(2 x 5 x 1 .4+1.4 2)
= 4.0m
Y (m)
0
1.4
4.0
5.47
6.63
7.9
23
24
CHAINAGE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
GROUND
LEVEL
99.210
98.395
97.550
96.820
92.575
91.460
90.210
90.375
89.880
90.755
90.670
91.360
91.555
91.060
91.935
94.830
94.625
FORMATION
LEVEL
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
DEPTH OF
FILL
CUT
0
0.885
1.730
2.460
6.705
7.820
9.070
8.905
9.400
8.525
8.610
7.920
7.725
8.220
7.345
4.450
4.655
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Page 25
AVERA
GE
DEPTH
'd' IN m
0.443
1.308
2.095
4.583
7.263
8.445
8.988
9.153
8.963
8.568
8.265
7.823
7.973
7.783
5.898
4.553
CENTRA
L AREA
'Bd' IN
m2
2.213
6.538
10.475
22.913
36.313
42.225
44.938
45.763
44.813
42.838
41.325
39.113
39.863
38.913
29.488
22.763
AREA
OF THE
SIDES
'Sd in m2
1.106
3.269
5.238
11.456
18.156
21.113
22.469
22.881
22.406
21.419
20.663
19.556
19.931
19.456
14.744
11.381
AREA
OF THE
SIDES
'Sd in m2
0.885
2.615
4.190
9.165
14.525
16.890
17.975
18.305
17.925
17.135
16.530
15.645
15.945
15.565
11.795
9.105
TOTAL
SECTIONAL
AREA
'Bd+Sd2' in m2
4.204
12.421
19.903
43.534
68.994
80.228
85.381
86.949
85.144
81.391
78.518
74.314
75.739
73.934
56.026
43.249
DISTANC
E
BETWEE
N
STATION
S
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
QUANTITY =(Bd+Sd2) m2
FILLING
CUTTING
0.000
42.038
124.213
199.025
435.338
689.938
802.275
853.813
869.488
851.438
813.913
785.175
743.138
757.388
739.338
560.263
432.488
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
96.250
96.320
96.425
96.965
97.460
97.825
97.975
97.010
96.730
96.725
96.920
98.180
99.085
98.955
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
99.280
SUM
3.030
2.960
2.855
2.315
1.820
1.455
1.305
2.270
2.550
2.555
2.360
1.100
0.195
0.325
0.000
132
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
3.843
2.995
2.908
2.585
2.068
1.638
1.380
1.788
2.410
2.553
2.458
1.730
0.648
0.260
0.163
19.213
14.975
14.538
12.925
10.338
8.188
6.900
8.938
12.050
12.763
12.288
8.650
3.238
1.300
0.813
9.606
7.488
7.269
6.463
5.169
4.094
3.450
4.469
6.025
6.381
6.144
4.325
1.619
0.650
0.406
Page 26
7.685
5.990
5.815
5.170
4.135
3.275
2.760
3.575
4.820
5.105
4.915
3.460
1.295
0.520
0.325
36.504
28.453
27.621
24.558
19.641
15.556
13.110
16.981
22.895
24.249
23.346
16.435
6.151
2.470
1.544
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
365.038
284.525
276.213
245.575
196.413
155.563
131.100
169.813
228.950
242.488
233.463
164.350
61.513
24.700
15.438
12494.40
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
CHAINAGE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
GROUND
LEVEL
89.880
89.650
88.695
89.440
89.165
88.235
86.810
85.845
84.810
84.475
83.965
83.040
81.235
81.105
81.170
81.180
GRADIENT
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
FORMATION
LEVEL
86.500
86.495
86.490
86.485
86.480
86.475
86.470
86.465
86.460
86.455
86.450
86.445
86.440
86.435
86.430
86.425
DEPTH OF
FILL
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.620
1.650
1.980
2.485
3.405
5.205
5.330
5.260
5.245
CUT
-3.380
-3.155
-2.205
-2.955
-2.685
-1.760
-0.340
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
31.180
-16.480
AVERAGE
DEPTH 'd'
m
-3.268
-2.680
-2.580
-2.820
-2.222
-1.050
0.140
1.135
1.815
2.233
2.945
4.305
5.268
5.295
5.253
CENTRAL
AREA 'Bd'
m2
-19.605
-16.080
-15.480
-16.920
-13.335
-6.300
0.840
6.810
10.890
13.395
17.670
25.830
31.605
31.770
31.515
AREA OF
THE SIDES
'Sd2 m
TOTAL
SECTIONA
L AREA
'Bd+Sd2'
m2
16.015
10.774
9.985
11.929
7.409
1.654
0.029
1.932
4.941
7.476
13.010
27.800
41.620
42.056
41.383
Page 27
-3.590
-5.306
-5.495
-4.991
-5.926
-4.646
0.869
8.742
15.831
20.871
30.680
53.630
73.225
73.826
72.898
DISTANCE
BETWEEN
STATIONS
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
QUANTITY =(Bd+Sd2)
FILLING
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
8.694
87.423
158.313
208.711
306.795
536.295
732.248
738.255
728.981
CUTTING
0.000
-35.902
-53.064
-54.954
-49.914
-59.257
-46.462
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-149.527
-299.554
CHAINAGE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
GROUND
LEVEL
97.475
96.210
95.475
94.245
93.350
92.665
91.595
90.650
90.125
89.205
88.795
89.425
88.785
88.780
88.740
88.654
88.568
88.482
88.396
88.310
88.224
88.138
GRADIENT
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
FORMATION
LEVEL
94.000
94.000
93.999
93.999
93.998
93.998
93.997
93.997
93.996
93.996
93.995
93.995
93.994
93.994
93.993
93.993
93.992
93.992
93.991
93.991
93.990
93.989
DEPTH OF
CUTTING
FILLING
-3.47
-2.211
-1.476
-0.247
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.648
1.332
2.402
3.346
3.871
4.790
5.200
4.569
5.209
5.213
5.253
5.338
5.424
5.509
5.595
5.680
5.766
5.851
-7.41
81.00
Page 28
AVERAGE
DEPTH 'd'
m
-2.843
-1.843
-0.861
0.201
0.990
1.867
2.874
3.609
4.331
4.995
4.885
4.889
5.211
5.233
5.296
5.381
5.467
5.552
5.638
5.723
5.809
CENTRAL
AREA 'Bd'
m2
-17.057
-11.060
-5.168
1.204
5.941
11.203
17.245
21.652
25.984
29.971
29.308
29.335
31.267
31.399
31.774
32.287
32.800
33.313
33.826
34.339
34.852
AREA OF
THE SIDES
'Sd2 m2
12.122
5.096
1.113
0.060
1.471
5.230
12.392
19.535
28.133
37.429
35.791
35.857
40.736
41.080
42.067
43.437
44.828
46.241
47.676
49.133
50.612
TOTAL
SECTION
AL AREA
'Bd+Sd2'
m2
-4.935
-5.963
-4.055
1.265
7.412
16.433
29.637
41.187
54.118
67.400
65.100
65.193
72.003
72.480
73.842
75.724
77.629
79.555
81.503
83.473
85.465
DISTANCE
BETWEEN
STATIONS
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
QUANTITY =(Bd+Sd2)
CUTTING
FILLING
0.000
-49.347
-59.631
-40.549
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
12.650
74.124
164.334
296.375
411.871
541.176
674.003
650.997
651.926
720.032
724.799
738.420
757.243
776.285
795.547
815.028
834.729
854.649
Page 29
REFERENCES:
Department of Civil Engineering
Jain college of engineering, Belagavi
Page 30
Page 31
WATER SUPPLY
&
SANITATION
Page 32
WATER SUPPLY
2.1 INTRODUCTION
The area surveyed for the water supply project is Bamanwadi village, which is
located at a distance of 16Km in North-West direction from the centre of the Belagavi city
on the longitude 15456and latitude 74264. There exist 58 houses with an average
population of 7 persons per house. This village lags behind in supply of potable water. The
available water is inadequate due to rapid urbanization, increasing population etc. The bore
wells and open wells are the main source of drinking water in that area.
The available raw water must be treated and purified before they can be supplied to the
general public for their domestic use. In general the public water supplies are mainly
designed from the view point to the quality requirement of drinking water. The available
water must therefore be made safe and good for domestic use.
The proposed design includes construction of water tank and modeling the pipelines
running through the area. The scheme will be designed for a working period of next 30
years. The aim is to provide these houses safe and potable water and meet their demand
efficiently.
Page 33
DL
05
Odour (TON)
Unobjectionable
Taste
Agreeable
Turbidity, NTU,
max
05
pH value
25
10
6.5 - 8.5
No
300
600
0.3
1.0
1000
250
consumer
acceptance
acceptance
Above
05,
decreases
consumer
PL
relaxation
Residual, free
chlorine, mg/L, min
0.2
Total Dissolved
Solids (TDS) mg/L,
max
500
2000
75
200
Manganese( as Mn)
mg/L, max
0.1
0.3
200
400
Page 34
45
100
Fluoride, (as F)
mg/L, max
1.0
1.5
Phenolic compounds
(as C6H5OH) mg/L,
max
0.001
0.002
0.001
No
relaxation
0.01
No
relaxation
0.01
No
relaxation
0.05
No
relaxation
Cyanide (as
CN),mg/L, max
0.05
No
relaxation
0.05
No
relaxation
05
15
Anionic detergents
(as MBAS) mg/L,
max
0.2
1.0
Polynuclear
Aromatic
Hydrocarbons (as
PAH) mg/L, max
0.01
Pesticides,
mg/L,max
Absent
May be carcinogenic
0.03
Toxic
0.001
Radioactive
materials:
a) (Alpha)
emitters, Bq/L, max
Department of Civil Engineering
Jain college of engineering, Belagavi
Page 35
0.1
b) (Beta) emitters,
pci/L, max
Alkalinity, mg/L,
max
200
Beyond this
unpleasant
0.03
0.2
01
05
30
100
Magnesium, (as
Mg), mg/L, max
Chromium (as 0.05
Cr6+) mg/L, max
Copper (as Cu)
mg/L, max
limit
taste
becomes
0.05
0.05
600
No
relaxation
1.5
Distribution system
Before we design an intake it is necessary to obtain the water
demand or the quantity of water to be withdrawn which depends upon the population to
be served.
Page 36
Year
Population
1985
1995
2005
2015
130
238
349
432
--------108
111
83
= cumulative increase/3
X = 302/3=101
Increase
Page 37
: BAMANAWADI
Page 38
: 58
: 25
: 07
: 02
: 432
Page 39
= 7.056m3
Minimum height of water required = 1.0 m
Height of FRL = 3.95m
Area of intake well=V/H
=7.056/3.95
=1.786 m2
Diameter of the intake well (D) =
1.786 4
= 1.51m
Providing a diameter of 1.51m and a height of 4.0m to the intake structure.
Diameter of main, d
5.88 x 103
A=
2
d=
= 2.94 x 10
m2
2.94 x 10 4
= 6cm
Page 40
=5.88 x 10
m3/s
Page 41
disinfection is the only treatment which is given to the raw water. However, in normal
cases, it is the final safeguard, and is given after filtration. The 'disinfection' not only
removes the existing bacteria from the water at the plant, but also ensures their'
immediate killing even afterwards, in the distribution system .The contamination of water
during its transit from the treatment plant to the place of its consumption is also thus,
prevented by the disinfectants. The chemical which is used as a disinfectant must,
therefore, be able to give this residual sterilising effect for a long period, thus affording
some protection against recontamination. In addition to this, it should be harmless,
unobjectionable to tongue, economical, and measurable by simple tests. Chlorine has
been found to be the best and the most ideal disinfectant and is now invariably used
throughout the world. The term chlorination is hence, commonly used to indicate broadly
that the water has been treated with a sterilizing agent. Disinfection, chlorination, and
sterilization are thus used as synonymous to each other. Besides chlorine, there are,
however, other minor methods of disinfection
Chlorine in its various forms is invariably and almost universally used for
disinfecting public water supplies. it is cheap , reliable ,easy to handle, easily measurable,
and above all, it is capable of providing residual disinfecting effects for long periods, thus
affording complete protection against future recontamination of water in the distribution
system. Its only disadvantage is that when used in greater amounts, it imparts bitter and
bad taste to the water, which may not be liked by certain sensitive-tongued consumers.
Department of Civil Engineering
Jain college of engineering, Belagavi
Page 42
Design of Screening
Design of settling tank
Design of rapid sand filter including wash water tank
Disinfection
Design of clear water reservoir.
2.8.2.4 SCREENING:
Screening is the very first operation carried of sewage treatment plant and consists
of passing the sewage through different types of screens so as to tap and remove the
floating matter such of pieces of cloth , paper, Wood, etc There ere are different types of
screens are there mainly are as follows.
1) Coarse Screens: The spacing between the bars is about 50 mm or more. These screens
help in removing large floating object from sewage.
2) Medium Screens: The spacing the bars is about 6 to 40 mm. These screens will
ordinarily collect 30 to 90 liters of material per million liters of sewage.
Page 43
d = 1m
12+12
= 1.414m
Assuming thickness of the wall on all the sides,
b=12.5cm =0.125m
Actual length of the screen l = 1-(20.125)
= 0.75m
Actual breadth of the screen b = 0.5-(20.125)
= 0.25m
Assuming 1cm bars @ 4cm clear spacing
Page 44
Number of bars =
c
Ba2 x distance
c
+1
c
distance
c
252 x 4
+1=5.25
4
2.8.2.7
DESIGN
OF
COAGULATION-CUM
(CLARIFLOCCULATOR)
Department of Civil Engineering
Jain college of engineering, Belagavi
Page 45
SEDIMENTATION
TANK
169.5 x
3
24 =21.187 m
21.187
3
= 7.1m2
Assume L=2xB
Area A=L x B
=2BxB
A=
7.1
2 = B
B=1.88m = 2 m
L= 2x2 = 4 m
Assume free board = 0.5m
Total depth, D=3.5m
Volume of the tank= 3.5x4x2
=28m
Provide extra depth for removal of sludge with a slope of 1 in 30.
Total depth at the end of the tank = 3.5+0.3 = 3.8m
Hence, Use a tank of 4 x 2 x 3.5m. Provide extra depth for sludge storage, say 3.5m
Depth at starting end &
3.5+
4
50 = 3.58m at the downstream end (using 1 in 50 slope).
Page 46
= 1.75m
169.5 x
30
24 x 60
= 3.521 m
capacity
depth
3.521
1.75 = 2.012m
Using L= 2B
2.012= 2B
B= 1.25
L= 2 x 1.25=2.5m
Page 47
6.590m
= 1.59hp
.. Providing 2Hp pump
= 339 m
=96.86
m2
Therefore, A=BxL
=2 B
So,
B=
=96.86
96.86
2
= 6.959m
Take, B=7m
L=2xB=14m
Department of Civil Engineering
Jain college of engineering, Belagavi
Page 48
AxH
Q
A= H
254.25
3.5
2
= 72.64 m
d2
=250
4
D=
72.64 x
Page 49
= 9.62 =10 m
x 102 x 4
4
2
= 274.9 m
=0.165m
Therefore, H=3.5+15+0.165
=18.66m
18.66 x 9.81 x 5.88 x 103
Hp=
0.735 x 0.7
=2.09 hp
..Providing 2 Hp pump
Page 50
Road
length
Population
Cattles
Total water
required per day
in Lit/day
Velocity
in m/s
Diameter
in m
Quantity o
earth work
m3
In m
160
83
10
11705
0.06
80
B1
220
188
57
28230
0.06
110
B2
120
35
08
5125
0.06
60
B3
90
126
25
18260
0.06
45
2.13 CONCLUSION:
Water for basic needs (households, services) represents a relatively small amount
of the total quantity withdrawn for other uses. Basic needs go beyond what we need to
drink or ingest through our food for daily survival, it includes the need for water to
Department of Civil Engineering
Jain college of engineering, Belagavi
Page 51
Page 52
CHAPTER 3
Department of Civil Engineering
Jain college of engineering, Belagavi
Page 53
Page 54
Inland surface
water
*
STANDARDS
Public
Land for
sewers irrigation
-
Suspended solids
mg/L, max.
100
600
200
Particle sizes of
Suspended solids
pH value
5.5 - 9.0
5.5 9.0
5.5 - 9.0
5.5 - 9.0
Temperature in 0C
10
20
10
20
1.0
1.0
5.0
5.0
30
350
100
100
Page 55
250
250
= All efforts should be made to remove color & odor as far as practicable.
Note: Inland surface water Streams, Rivers, Ponds, Lakes etc.
Marine coastal areas Into sea or ocean.
Characteristics/
Parameter
Arsenic (as As), mg/L,
max
Mercury (as Hg) mg/L,
max
Lead (as Pb) mg/L, max
Calcium (as Ca) mg/L,
max
Hexavalent Chromium
(as Cr) mg/L, max
Total Chromium (as Cr)
mg/L, max
Copper (as Cu) mg/L,
max
Zinc (as Zn) mg/L, max
Selenium (as Se) mg/L,
max
Nickel (as Ni) mg/L,
max
Dissolved Phosphate(as
P) mg/L, max
Manganese (as Mn)
mg/L
Iron (as Fe)
mg/L
Sulfide (as S) mg/L, max
Cyanide (as CN) mg/L,
max
Fluoride (as F) mg/L,
max
Vanadium (as V) mg/L
TABLE NO 3.2
STANDARDS
Inland
Public
Land for
surface
sewers
irrigation
water
Marine
coastal areas
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.1
1.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
0.1
2.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
5.0
15
15
0.05
0.05
0.05
3.0
3.0
5.0
5.0
02
02
02
03
03
03
2.0
5.0
0.2
2.0
0.2
0.2
2.0
15
15
0.2
0.2
0.2
Page 56
10
20
50
50
50
100
100
10-7
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-7
10-6
10-7
10-6
3.4.1 SCREEN
Screening is the very first operation carried of sewage treatment plant and consists
of passing the sewage through different types of screens so as to tap and remove the
Department of Civil Engineering
Jain college of engineering, Belagavi
Page 57
DESIGN OF SCREENS:
Length of screen L = 1m
Breadth of screen B = 0.5m
Depth of screen
d = 1m
Page 58
Ba
Number of bars =
2524
+1=5.25
4
Page 59
135.6
24 x 60 x 60 x 0.3
1.569 x 10 3
0.3
3 2
= 5.23 x 10 m
say 0.5m
We have,
depth of chamber
settlement velocity
Detention time =
0.5
= 0.2
= 2.5sec
Page 60
Page 61
Page 62
Area =
=
capacity
depth
4068
1.2
Area = 3390 m2
Assuming L=2B
Therefore,
Area = l B
3390 = B2B
B= (3390/2)
B = 41.2 m say 42m
As L= 2B
= 2 42
Length = 84m
Providing a free board of 0.5m the dimensions of the tank are 84m42m1.7 m.
Road
name
M
B1
B2
B3
.. Hence safe
Page 63
Size in m
0.5X0.5
0.5X0.5
0.5X0.5
0.5X0.5
Quantity o
earth work
m3
40
55
30
22.5
Page 64
Page 65
3.5 CONCLUSION:
Department of Civil Engineering
Jain college of engineering, Belagavi
Page 66
REFERENCES:
1. Water Supply Engg. S.K.Garg, Khanna Publishers
2. Environmental Engg.
Page 67
Page 68
HIGHWAY
PROJECT
Page 69
HIGHWAY PROJECT
4.1 INTRODUCTION OF SITE
It was proposed to carry out a survey work for the alignment of new highway near the
BHAMANAWADI which is situated at a distance of around 5 km from the college campus.
The site was almost plain terrain with red soil. The four different groups carried out the
alignment survey work in four different paths. Out of these four, one alignment is selected.
In connection with this highway, the following geometrical Elements are designed.
1) Horizontal curve
a) Super elevation
b) Extra widening
c) Stopping sight distance
d) Over taking sight distance
e) Set back distance
f) Transition curve
2) Vertical curve
3) Quantity of cutting and filling
4) Pavement thickness
Page 70
Page 71
Page 72
Sl no.
Light
1 in 50(2.0%) to 1 in 60(1.7%)
bituminous surface
Thin bituminous surface
1 in 40(2.5%) to 1 in 50(2.0%)
1 in 33(3.0%) to 1 in 40(2.5%)
pavement
Earth
1 in 25(4.0%) to 1 in 33(3.0%)
4.5.2 Carriageway
It depends on the width of traffic lane and the number of lanes. The carriageway
intended for one line of traffic movement may be called a traffic lane. The lane width is
determined on the bases of the width of vehicle and the minimum side clearance which may
be provided for the safety.
Width of Carriageway for different class of roads is as follows:
Table No 4.2
Sl No.
Class of roads
Width of carriageway
1.
Single lane
3.75m
2.
7.0m
3.
7.5m
4.
Intermediate carriageway
5.5m
5.
Page 73
embankment or the bottom width of highway cutting excluding the side drains
Width of roadway of various classes of roads (m) is as follows:
Table No 4.3
Plain and
Sl no.
Road classification
Rolling
Terrain
Mountainous and
Steep Terrain
a)Single lane
b) Two lanes
3
12.0
6.25
12.0
8.80
9.0
4.75
9.0
7.5
4.75
9.0
7.5
4.00
Village roads-single
lane
4.5.4 Kerbs
Kerb is the boundary between the pavement and shoulder.
In rural roads submerged kerbs are sometimes provided at pavement edge between
edge and shoulders. These kerbs provide lateral confinement stability to the
granular base course and flexible pavements.
Types of kerbs:
Low or mountable type kerbs
Semi-barrier type kerbs
Barrier type kerbs
Page 74
IRC Recommendations
Shoulders
min-2.5 m
Parking lane
3m
Cycle track
min-2 m
Foot path
min-1.5 m
Mountainous &
Steep Terrain
Open
Built-up
Areas Areas
Normal Normal
1.
30-60
30
30-60
24
20
2.
25
25-30
20
15-25
18
15
3.
15
15-25
15
15-20
15
12
4.
Village Roads
12
12-18
10
10-15
Page 75
20
25
30
40
50
60
65
80
100
20
25
30
45
60
80
90
120
180
for design in m
40
50
60
65
80
100
165
235
300
340
470
640
Page 76
0.0, 2.5, and 5mm etc. The load penetration graph was plotted
Page 77
Fig No 4.1
= 5 Kg
= 8.5%
c) No of layers
= 3
d) No of blows
= 56 per layer
Page 78
Load in kg
0.000
23.65
47.3
70.95
94.6
113.52
127.71
137.17
146.63
156.09
164.55
175.01
189.2
203.39
LOAD VS PENETRATION
250
200
150
LOAD VS PENETRATION
100
50
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 7.5 10 12
Page 79
100
112.34
100
1370
= 8.2%
(2) For 5 mm penetration
load at 5 mm penetratio n
CBR=
100
100 = 8%
Table No. 1.8 Thickness of various layer for 15msa & CBR 8%
Cumulative
Total Pavement
traffic in msa
thickness mm
3.04 msa
450.00 mm
Bituminous PC (mm)
20.00 mm
Surfacing BM
(mm)
50.00 mm
Page 80
Base 250 mm
Pavement
Traffic (msa)
thickness
1
2
3
5
10
(mm)
375
425
450
475
550
Pavement Composition
Bituminous Surfacing
Wearing
Binder
cource (mm)
20 PC
20 PC
20 PC
25 SDBC
40 BC
cource (mm)
50 BM
50 BM
50 BM
60 DBM
Granular Base
& Sub base
(mm)
Base- 225mm
Sub base 150
Base -250
Sub-base- 150
B
C
B
8%
R
R
8
%
Page 81
Page 82
Page 83
Page 84
R (ruling) =
Where
V2
127 e f
R = Ruling Radius
V = Design Speed
e = Super elevation
f = Co-efficient of lateral friction
V2
127 e f
R (ruling) =
50 2
127
0
.
07
0
.
15
R = 90.00 m
The radius of the horizontal curve of deflection angle, = 15o is 90 m.
Chainage of point of intersection = 160 m
Deflection Angle, 1
= 15
Page 85
Length of tangent
= R tan(/2)
= 90.0 tan (15/2)
= 11.848 m
2.
Point of curve
3.
Point of Tangency
V2
225 R
e=
50 2
225 90
e=
= 0.123
As the value is greater than maximum super elevation of 0.07, the actual super elevation
to be provided is restricted to 0.07
Check for coefficient of lateral friction developed for full speed
V2
0.07
127 R
f=
50 2
0.07
127 90
= 0.148
As the value is less than 0.15, the design is safe with a super elevation of 0.07.
Department of Civil Engineering
Jain college of engineering, Belagavi
Page 86
n=2
We =
n l
2R 9.5 R
50
2 6
2 90 9.5 90
= 0.4 + 0.555
= 0.954 m
Provide an extra width of 0.6 m and hence the total width of the pavement
B = W + We
B = 7+0.954
B = 7.954 m
v2
254 f
0.278 v t
SSD
50 2
254 0.37
0.278 50 2.5
=
= 34.75+26.60
SSD = 61.35 m
Page 87
Figure No 4.
d1= Distance travelled by overtaking vehicle A during the reaction time t sec of
the driver from position A1 to A2.
d2= Distance travelled by the vehicle A from A2 to A3 during the actual
Overtaking operation in time T sec.
d3= Distance travelled by on-coming vehicle C from C1 to C2 during the
Overtaking operation of A i.e., T sec.
Overtaking sight distance = d1 + d2 + d3
Here, Total reaction time of the Driver, t = 2 sec
A = 4 m / sec2.
Acceleration,
[IRC Recommendation]
S=spacing between vehicles
Vb
= V - 16
Page 88
0.2 vb 6
S=
=
0.2 34 6
= 12.8 m
say 13 m
14.4 s
A
T=
4 13
4
=
= 6.84 sec
vb t
d1 = 0.278
d1=
0.278 x34 2
= 18.904m
0..278vb T 2 s
d2 =
=
= 90.65 m
d3 =
v T
= 0.278x50 6.84
= 95.076 m
OSD = d1+d2+d3
= 18.904+90.65+95.076
OSD = 204.63 m
ISD = 2 SSD
=2
61.35
Page 89
Figure No 5.
The distance d between the centre of the pavement & the center line of the inside lane may be
taken as the width of the pavement at the center (being a two lane)
d = 7.954/4
= 1.98m
/2 = (180S)/ (2(R-d))
= (18061.35)/ (2 (90-1.98) = 1958'3
Setback distance
=
=
Setback distance
R R d cos / 2
90 90 1.98 cos 1958'3" /2
= 3.35 m
Hence the minimum setback or clearance required to provide a clear vision for an SSD of
61.35 m is 3.35 m
Page 90
Figure No. 6.
a) Length of transition curve by rate of change of centrifugal acceleration
C=
80
75 V
80
75 50
= 0.64 m/sec
The minimum and maximum values of C are limited to 0.5 to 0.8 respectively.
Therefore take C=0.5 m/sec
Ls1 =
0.0215 V 3
CR
0.0215 50 3
0.64 90
= 46.66 m
b) By rate of introduction of super elevation
Page 91
Ls2 =
e
NB
2
0.07
150 7.954
2
= 41.785 m
c) As per empirical formula given by IRC
2 .7 V
2
Ls3 =
2.7 50
2
90
= 70 m
Adopt max value of the above three
Provide the length of transition curve Ls =70 m
At chainage of 260 m the alignment changes its direction
Page 92
R=
L
2N
n1 =
N=
1
50
1
52
1
52
1
50
and n2 =
1
57
1
52
1
57
1
60
1
52
1
60
109
2964
1
57
Ls = 0.19(NV3)1/2
=0.19(0.0367 x 50 3)1/2
Ls = 12.87 m
L = 2 Ls = 25.73 m
NS 2
1.5+ 0.035 S
Ls =
Ns 2
1.5 0.035 x61.35
Page 93
1
52
11
300
= 0.0367
L = 2S
L= 2 x 61.35
(1.5+0.035 x 127.59)
0.0367
1
57
1
52
L= 23.319m
Assumption is correct
Therefore Ls= 23.319 m
Where b =
2N
3 L2
Since L<SSD
We have,
When the gradients are not equal, the lowest point lies on side of flatter grade and
1
n
2N
n1.
I.e. X0 = 23.319
1
52
2 0.0367
Page 94
Where
b= 3 L2
Now,
b=
2 x 0.0367
3 x 92.622
2 X 0.0367
3 X 23.319 X 23.319
b = 4.49 x 10-5
DATA:
Area = 1600m2
C0-efficient of runoff(k) = 0.40
Rainfall intensity= 2cm/hr
n2= 0
By rational formula,
Maximum flood discharge Q =
Q=
k x Pc x A
36
(1.5+0.035 x 127.59)
0.0367
0.4 x 0.083 x 16 00
36
Q = 1.481m3/sec
Providing 1 pipe of internal diameter d
Department of Civil Engineering
Jain college of engineering, Belagavi
Page 95
1
57
1
52
QxA
V
d = 0.79m
The minimum diameter 0f the pipe should be 1.0 m. Therefore providing a pipe 1.0 m dia.
B) Excavation (E) - Refers to any excavated material. There are two main categories
for excavated material - ordinary material (O.M.) and rock. Both O.M. and rock are
generally paid for by cubic meter in terms of excavation cost (Rs./m 3). Rock is generally
handled as a separate cost because it is substantially more expensive to excavate.
C) Borrow (B) - Refers to the fill material that must be brought to the proposed
highway site from outside the highway cross section. Borrow does not include the
material that is excavated on site for use as fill , The borrow cost is normally given in
Rs./m3, and this rate normally includes cost of excavating borrow. There may be
surcharge for borrow if excavated from someone' s property (BE).
4.13.1 Embankment
Process of raising the grade line of a highway above the existing ground level.
Department of Civil Engineering
Jain college of engineering, Belagavi
Page 96
b = Formation width
1: S = slope
For filling.. S = 1.5
For cutting S = 1.5
d = depth of section.
Mean Depth, d =
1
(d +d )
2 1 2
- 800
800
- 1500
gradient
1 in 30 (Downward)
1 in 30 (upward)
Page 97
Page 98
Distance
m
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
RL OF
GROUN
D
157.460
155.850
154.615
153.345
152.330
151.290
150.405
149.470
148.180
147.145
146.225
145.535
144.660
143.515
142.720
142.150
RL OF
FORMATIO
N
157.46
157.13
156.8
156.47
156.14
155.81
155.48
155.15
154.82
154.49
154.16
153.83
153.5
153.17
152.84
152.51
DEPTH OF
FILLIN
G
0.000
1.280
2.185
3.125
3.810
4.520
5.075
5.680
6.640
7.345
7.935
8.295
8.840
9.655
10.120
10.360
Page 96
CUTTING
MEAN
DEPTH
(d) M
CENTRAL
AREA M2
SIDE
AREA M2
TOTAL
SECTION
AL AREA
M2
(d1+d2)
x1/2
bd
2x1/2(sxd
2)
bd+sd2
FILLING
0.000
0.640
1.732
2.655
3.467
4.165
4.797
5.377
6.160
6.992
7.640
8.115
8.567
9.247
9.887
10.240
0.000
7.680
20.790
31.860
41.610
49.980
57.570
64.530
73.920
83.910
91.680
97.380
102.810
110.970
118.650
122.880
0.000
0.614
4.502
10.574
18.035
26.021
34.524
43.376
56.918
73.343
87.554
98.780
110.103
128.274
146.644
157.286
0.000
8.294
25.292
42.434
59.645
76.001
92.094
107.906
130.838
157.253
179.234
196.160
212.913
239.244
265.294
280.166
0.000
82.944
252.923
424.335
596.453
760.008
920.940
1079.063
1308.384
1572.526
1792.344
1961.598
2129.131
2392.444
2652.940
2801.664
QUANTITY M3
(bd+sd2)XL
CUTTING
140.895
140.810
139.405
137.925
137.515
136.020
134.605
133.190
131.905
130.690
130.010
129.790
129.315
128.720
128.120
127.800
127.265
126.570
125.325
124.255
123.850
122.345
121.635
121.225
121.000
120.900
120.915
121.305
152.18
151.85
151.52
151.19
150.86
150.53
150.2
149.87
149.54
149.21
148.88
148.55
148.22
147.89
147.56
147.23
146.9
146.57
146.24
145.91
145.58
145.25
144.92
144.59
144.26
143.93
143.6
143.27
11.285
11.040
12.115
13.265
13.345
14.510
15.595
16.680
17.635
18.520
18.870
18.760
18.905
19.170
19.440
19.430
19.635
20.000
20.915
21.655
21.730
22.905
23.285
23.365
23.260
23.030
22.685
21.965
Page 97
10.822
11.162
11.577
12.690
13.305
13.927
15.052
16.137
17.157
18.077
18.695
18.815
18.832
19.037
19.305
19.435
19.532
19.817
20.457
21.285
21.692
22.317
23.095
23.325
23.312
23.145
22.857
22.325
129.870
133.950
138.930
152.280
159.660
167.130
180.630
193.650
205.890
216.930
224.340
225.780
225.990
228.450
231.660
233.220
234.390
237.810
245.490
255.420
260.310
267.810
277.140
279.900
279.750
277.740
274.290
267.900
175.690
186.902
201.058
241.554
265.535
290.963
339.867
390.628
441.570
490.194
524.255
531.006
531.995
543.640
559.025
566.579
572.278
589.100
627.764
679.577
705.847
747.106
800.069
816.083
815.209
803.537
783.698
747.608
305.560
320.852
339.988
393.834
425.195
458.093
520.497
584.278
647.460
707.124
748.595
756.786
757.985
772.090
790.685
799.799
806.668
826.910
873.254
934.997
966.157
1014.916
1077.209
1095.983
1094.959
1081.277
1057.988
1015.508
3055.598
3208.521
3399.878
3938.341
4251.945
4580.929
5204.966
5842.784
6474.597
7071.240
7485.945
7567.863
7579.846
7720.896
7906.845
7997.988
8066.678
8269.100
8732.540
9349.968
9661.568
10149.162
10772.085
10959.834
10949.590
10812.765
10579.880
10155.084
121.925
122.540
123.135
123.720
124.330
124.580
124.880
124.975
125.180
125.470
125.595
125.295
125.235
124.910
124.450
123.945
123.595
123.445
123.295
123.260
123.220
123.275
123.280
123.220
123.420
123.685
123.980
124.390
142.94
142.61
142.28
141.95
141.62
141.29
140.96
140.63
140.3
139.97
139.64
139.31
138.98
138.65
138.32
137.99
137.66
137.33
137
136.67
136.34
136.01
135.68
135.35
135.02
134.69
134.36
134.03
21.015
20.070
19.145
18.230
17.290
16.710
16.080
15.655
15.120
14.500
14.045
14.015
13.745
13.740
13.870
14.045
14.065
13.885
13.705
13.410
13.120
12.735
12.400
12.130
11.600
11.005
10.380
9.640
Page 98
21.490
20.542
19.607
18.687
17.760
17.000
16.395
15.867
15.387
14.810
14.272
14.030
13.880
13.742
13.805
13.957
14.055
13.975
13.795
13.557
13.265
12.927
12.567
12.265
11.865
11.302
10.692
10.010
257.880
246.510
235.290
224.250
213.120
204.000
196.740
190.410
184.650
177.720
171.270
168.360
166.560
164.910
165.660
167.490
168.660
167.700
165.540
162.690
159.180
155.130
150.810
147.180
142.380
135.630
128.310
120.120
692.730
632.991
576.681
523.834
473.126
433.500
403.194
377.666
355.163
329.004
305.556
295.261
288.982
283.284
285.867
292.218
296.315
292.951
285.453
275.709
263.940
250.680
236.913
225.645
211.167
191.620
171.494
150.300
950.610
879.501
811.971
748.084
686.246
637.500
599.934
568.076
539.813
506.724
476.826
463.621
455.542
448.194
451.527
459.708
464.975
460.651
450.993
438.399
423.120
405.810
387.723
372.825
353.547
327.250
299.804
270.420
9506.101
8795.015
8119.711
7480.840
6862.464
6375.000
5999.340
5680.763
5398.127
5067.241
4768.264
4636.213
4555.416
4481.945
4515.270
4597.077
4649.745
4606.509
4509.930
4383.987
4231.203
4058.104
3877.231
3728.253
3535.473
3272.498
2998.043
2704.201
125.070
125.590
126.055
126.385
126.515
126.890
127.220
127.725
128.295
128.805
129.355
129.995
130.595
131.250
131.910
132.745
133.670
134.445
135.280
136.115
136.695
137.445
138.040
138.465
138.735
139.040
139.100
139.210
133.7
133.37
133.04
132.71
132.38
132.05
131.72
131.39
131.06
131.39
131.72
132.05
132.38
132.71
133.04
133.37
133.7
134.03
134.36
134.69
135.02
135.35
135.68
136.01
136.34
136.67
137
137.33
8.630
7.780
6.985
6.325
5.865
5.160
4.500
3.665
2.765
2.585
2.365
2.055
1.785
1.460
1.130
0.625
0.030
0.415
0.920
1.425
1.675
2.095
2.360
2.455
2.395
2.370
2.100
1.880
Page 99
9.135
8.205
7.382
6.655
6.095
5.512
4.830
4.082
3.215
2.675
2.475
2.210
1.920
1.622
1.295
0.877
0.327
0.222
0.668
1.173
1.550
1.885
2.228
2.408
2.425
2.383
2.235
1.990
109.620
98.460
88.590
79.860
73.140
66.150
57.960
48.990
38.580
32.100
29.700
26.520
23.040
19.470
15.540
10.530
3.930
2.670
8.010
14.070
18.600
22.620
26.730
28.890
29.100
28.590
26.820
23.880
125.172
100.983
81.752
66.434
55.724
45.581
34.993
25.000
15.504
10.733
9.188
7.326
5.530
3.949
2.516
1.155
0.161
0.074
0.668
2.062
3.604
5.330
7.443
8.694
8.821
8.514
7.493
5.940
234.792
199.443
170.342
146.294
128.864
111.731
92.953
73.990
54.084
42.833
38.888
33.846
28.570
23.419
18.056
11.685
4.091
2.744
8.678
16.132
22.204
27.950
34.173
37.584
37.921
37.104
34.313
29.820
2347.923
1994.430
1703.420
1462.935
1288.635
1117.315
929.533
739.902
540.843
428.334
388.884
338.461
285.696
234.188
180.555
116.850
40.909
27.443
86.783
161.321
222.038
279.498
341.726
375.841
379.209
371.045
343.128
298.202
139.275
139.510
139.610
139.790
139.785
139.860
139.945
139.945
139.945
140.000
140.035
140.025
140.050
140.010
140.025
140.045
139.990
139.295
139.645
139.645
139.775
140.330
140.465
140.695
140.765
141.050
141.345
141.815
137.66
137.99
138.32
138.65
138.98
139.31
139.64
139.97
140.3
140.63
140.96
141.29
141.62
141.95
142.28
142.61
142.94
143.27
143.6
143.93
144.26
144.59
144.92
145.25
145.58
145.91
146.24
146.57
1.615
1.520
1.290
1.140
0.805
0.550
0.305
0.025
0.355
0.630
0.925
1.265
1.570
1.940
2.255
2.565
2.950
3.975
3.955
4.285
4.485
4.260
4.455
4.555
4.815
4.860
4.895
4.755
Page 100
1.748
1.568
1.405
1.215
0.973
0.678
0.428
0.165
0.190
0.492
0.777
1.095
1.417
1.755
2.097
2.410
2.757
3.462
3.965
4.120
4.385
4.372
4.357
4.505
4.685
4.837
4.877
4.825
20.970
18.810
16.860
14.580
11.670
8.130
5.130
1.980
2.280
5.910
9.330
13.140
17.010
21.060
25.170
28.920
33.090
41.550
47.580
49.440
52.620
52.470
52.290
54.060
56.220
58.050
58.530
57.900
4.581
3.686
2.961
2.214
1.419
0.689
0.274
0.041
0.054
0.364
0.907
1.799
3.014
4.620
6.599
8.712
11.406
17.983
23.582
25.462
28.842
28.678
28.482
30.443
32.924
35.102
35.685
34.921
25.551
22.496
19.821
16.794
13.089
8.819
5.404
2.021
2.334
6.274
10.237
14.939
20.024
25.680
31.769
37.632
44.496
59.533
71.162
74.902
81.462
81.148
80.772
84.503
89.144
93.152
94.215
92.821
255.506
224.956
198.210
167.943
130.886
88.185
54.041
0.250
3.550
6.300
9.250
12.650
15.700
19.400
22.550
25.650
29.500
39.750
39.550
42.850
44.850
42.600
44.550
45.550
48.150
48.600
48.950
47.550
142.540
143.170
144.075
145.155
146.570
147.715
149.325
150.355
151.235
151.985
152.940
153.600
154.705
155.545
155.415
155.455
155.445
155.200
154.680
154.185
154.130
153.995
153.715
146.9
147.23
147.56
147.89
148.22
148.55
148.88
149.21
149.54
149.87
150.2
150.53
150.86
151.19
151.52
151.85
152.18
152.51
152.84
153.17
153.5
153.83
154.16
4.360
4.060
3.485
2.735
1.650
0.835
0.445
1.145
1.695
2.115
2.740
3.070
3.845
4.355
3.895
3.605
3.265
2.690
1.840
1.015
0.630
0.165
0.445
Page 101
4.557
4.210
3.772
3.110
2.192
1.242
0.640
0.795
1.420
1.905
2.428
2.905
3.458
4.100
4.125
3.750
3.435
2.978
2.265
1.428
0.823
0.398
0.305
54.690
50.520
45.270
37.320
26.310
14.910
7.680
9.540
17.040
22.860
29.130
34.860
41.490
49.200
49.500
45.000
41.220
35.730
27.180
17.130
9.870
4.770
3.660
31.156
26.586
21.348
14.508
7.211
2.316
0.614
0.948
3.025
5.444
8.839
12.659
17.931
25.215
25.523
21.094
17.699
13.298
7.695
3.057
1.015
0.237
0.140
85.846
77.106
66.618
51.828
33.521
17.226
8.294
10.488
20.065
28.304
37.969
47.519
59.421
74.415
75.023
66.094
58.919
49.028
34.875
20.187
10.885
5.007
3.800
43.600
40.600
34.850
27.350
16.500
8.350
TOTAL
=
in m3
390853.91
6
82.944
104.880
200.646
283.035
379.691
475.185
594.215
744.150
750.234
660.938
589.188
490.283
348.753
201.866
108.848
50.070
38.00
10070.890
Page 102
= 390853.916m3
E/W in Cutting
= 10070.890M3
REFERENCES
Arora.N.L . Transportation Engineering ,Published by New India publishing
house (1999)
Khanna .S.K and Justo C.E.G Highway Engineering 8th edition (2001).Published
by Nem Chand and Bros, Roorkee
Indian Road Congress (IRC) specifications for Road and Bridge works 4th
revision (Aug 2001)
Page 103
Page 104
OLD TANK
PROJECT
Page
Location
: 747.47m.
Latitude
: N 155823
Departure
: E 743059
: 225
: 110m
Page
:134.980 m
: 128.625 m
: 134.480 m
: 133.980 m
:5m
: 6.355 m
: 0.5 m
: 3 H: 1 V
: 2 H: 1 V
GROUND
LEVEL
FORMATION
LEVEL
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
134.980
133.530
132.980
134.640
133.900
133.555
133.550
133.530
132.720
132.030
132.980
134.980
134.980
134.980
134.980
134.980
134.980
134.980
134.980
134.980
134.980
134.980
134.980
134.980
DEPTH
OF
AVERAGE
FILLING OF DEPTH
in m
"d" in m
0.000
1.450
0.725
2.000
1.725
0.340
1.170
1.080
0.710
1.425
1.252
1.430
1.427
1.450
1.440
2.260
1.855
2.950
2.605
2.000
2.475
0.000
1.000
QUANTITY
OF
FILLING
(Bd+Sd2)
0.000
68.875
163.875
95.000
16.150
67.450
118.987
136.562
176.225
247.475
235.125
95.000
= 1420.724
Page
CONTOURS
AREA IN m2
AREA
1
2
3
4
5
128.625
129.625
130.980
131.980
132.980
427.744
1891.766
3127.132
3951.629
7112.704
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
TOTAL VOLUME:
d
2 [
By Trapezoidal formula =
= 12740.75 m3
By Simpsons rd formula =
d
3 [A1+An+4(A even) +2(A odd)]
= 12389.43 m3
NEW STORAGE:AREAS OF EACH CONTOUR
SL NO
CONTOURS
AREA IN m2
AREA
128.625
427.744
A1
129.625
1891.766
A2
130.625
3127.132
A3
131.980
3951.629
A4
132.980
7112.704
A5
134.980
9411.218
A6
TOTAL VOLUME:
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By Trapezoidal formula =
= 21002.72 m3
By Simpsons rd formula =
d
3 [A1+An+4(A even) +2(A odd)]
= 21417.56 m3
ADDITIONAL STORAGE:Increase in storage = New storage Old storage
= 21417.56 - 12740.75
= 8676.81 m3
RL of sluice sill
: 132.42 m
: 0.10m
Height of sluice
: 1m
Top width
: 1.2m
CONCLUSION:
Department of Civil Engineering,
Jain College of Engineering, Belagavi.
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REFERENCES:
1. Engineering Hydrology Subramanya. K; Tata Mcgraw Hill New Delhi 2008
(Ed)
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