Dictionary of

basic
network
components.

A device Bridges: interconnection of

computer networks operating in layer 2
(data link layer) of the OSI model. This
connects two network segments (or
divides a network into segments) by the
passage of data from one network to
another, based on the physical
destination address of each
packet.

B
Bluetooth: is an industrial specification for
wireless personal area networks (WPAN)
that enables the transmission of voice and
data between different devices through a

radio frequency link in the ISM 2.4 GHz

band.

Brouters: is a device
networking computer that
functions as a bridge (bridge network)
and as a router. A brouter can be
configured to act as bridge of the network
traffic, and as a router for the rest.

C
CAN network: a
network of high-speed computers
connecting LANs through a limited
geographical area such as a college
campus, a military base, hospital, etc. It
does not use public transport for
interconnection.

Coaxial cable: this type of

cable is composed of a
copper wire central
conductor surrounded by a mesh of
copper wires.
The space between the wire and the mesh
occupies a plastic line that separates the
two conductors and maintains the
electrical properties. All cable is covered
by a protective insulation to reduce
electrical emissions. The most common

example of this type is the coaxial cable

television.
It was originally used in the cable over
local networks due to its high capacity
and resistance to interference, but at
present its use is declining.
Its biggest flaw is its thickness, which
limits their use in small electrical conduits
and acute angles.

Computer: is an electronic machine that

receives and processes data into
convenient and useful information. A
computer is formed physically by
numerous integrated circuits and many
other components of support, extension
and accessories, which together can
perform various tasks very quickly and
under the control of a program.

F
Firewall: this is a security feature that
filters network traffic that he comes with a
firewall can isolate a computer from all
other computers on the network except
one or more that are the ones we are
interested can contact him.

G
Gateway: a device often
a computer, which
allows you to connect
networks with different
protocols and
architectures at all,
levels of communication. Its purpose is to
translate information protocol used in a
network protocol used on the network the
destination.

H
Hardware: refers to all physical parts of a
computer system; its components are:
electrical, electronic, electromechanical
and
mechanical.

Hubs: is a device that

enables centralized
wiring network and to
enlarge. This means
that the device
receives a signal and
emitting it repeats this
signal through its
different ports.

L
LAN: is a network that is limited to a
particular relatively small area such as a
room, one building, a ship, or an airplane.

The LANs are sometimes called a single

network location. Do not use media or
public interconnection networks.

M
MAN network: a network of high-speed
(broadband) that covers a wider

geographical area than a campus, but still

limited.

Modem: a device used to modulate and

demodulate a signal called by another
carrier called modulating input signal. The
modulating signal is the information that
is prepared for transmission (modem
prepares the information to be
transmitted, but does not perform
transmission). The modulating alters any
characteristics of the carrier so that a
signal is obtained which includes the
modulating information.

N
Network Interface Card: Provides
connectivity terminal or user of the
physical network, and handling
communication protocols of each specific
topology.

O
Optical fiber: This cable
consists of one or more
glass fiber strands, each
glass fiber comprises:
A central fiber core with
a high refractive index.
A cover surrounding the
core, of similar material
with a slightly lower refractive index.
A insulating sheath fibers and prevents
interference from occurring between
adjacent fibers, while providing protection
to the core. Each is surrounded by a
coating and reinforced to protect the fiber.

P
PAN Network: is a
computer
network used for
communication
among computer
devices close to
one person.

Printer: is a computer peripheral device

that enables a continuous range of text or
graphics of documents stored in

electronic form,
printing it on physical
media, usually on
paper, using ink or
laser technology
(toner).

Repetidores: is an
electronic device that
receives a weak or low
level signal and
retransmits it to a power
level or higher, so that
they can cover longer
distances without
degradation or with a tolerable
degradation. The term was created
repeater telegraphy and referred to an
electromechanical device used to
regenerate telegraph signals. The term
has continued in telephony and data
transmission.
Routers: is a router , an element that
marks the best route for the transmission
of messages in an entire network , it takes
the best way to send the data depending
on the type of protocol is loaded , has a
processor is the most robust It has more
processors and much more capacity in
their respective memories.

S
SAN: is designed to
connect servers,
matrices (arrays)
disks and
supporting libraries, allowing data traffic
without affecting the networks through
which users access network.

Server: A computer, part of a network,

provides services to other computers
called clients. Also it referred to with the
word server to a computer application or
program that performs certain tasks for

the benefit of other applications called

clients.

Ssoftware: the logical

equipment or software
of a computer system,
comprising all the
necessary software
components that make
it possible to perform
specific tasks, as
opposed to the physical components that
are called hardware.
Storage: Storage devices are based on
the SAN. The SAN liberates the storage so
that is no longer part of a particular bus
on a server, that is, storage is outsourced
and functionality is distributed . Both tape
drives or tape libraries and robots as disk

arrays are connected

directly to the Fiber
Channel network.
Switch: is a digital
logic device interconnect computer
networks operating in layer 2 (data link
layer) of the OSI model. Its
function is to interconnect two
or more network segments,
similar to the bridges (bridges)
way, passing data from one
segment to another according
to the destination MAC
address of
frames on the network.

Twisted pair cable: It is the most common

type of cable originated as a solution for
connecting telephones, terminals and
computers over the same cabling.
Previously, in Europe, telephony systems
not employing twisted pair cables.
Each cable of this type comprises a series
of pairs of twisted wires. The pairs are
twisted to reduce interference between
adjacent pairs. Typically a plurality of
pairs is grouped in a single sleeve color
coded to reduce the
number of physical
wires which are

inserted into a
conduit.

V
VLAN: is a group of computers
with a common set of shared resources
and requirements that communicate as if
they were attached to a logical division of
computer networks in which all nodes can
reach the others through broadcast
(broadcast domain) at the data link layer,
despite their different physical location.

WAN: they are computer

networks that are spread
over a wide geographic
area using means such
as satellites, interoceanic cables, Internet,
public optical fibers, etc.

Wi-Fi: is a mechanism for

connecting electronic
devices wirelessly. Wi-Fi
enabled devices (such as
a personal computer, a
smart TV, a game
console, smart phone or
music player) can be connected to the
Internet through an access point wireless
network.

Wireless Application Protocol

(WAP): is a technical standard for
accessing information over a
mobile wireless network. A WAP
browser is a web browser for
mobile devices such as mobile phones
that uses the protocol.

WLAN: is a system of flexible wireless

data communication, widely used as an
alternative to wired LANs, or as an
extension of these.

WPAN: is a network of wireless

computers for communication
between devices (both computers,
internet access points, cell phones,
PDAs, audio devices, printers)
close to the access point.

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