4.

CASE STUDY

1. CHENNAI STATE LIBRARY

2 . CHANDIGARH STATE LIBRARY.
3. PARLIAMENT LIBRARY

4.1 CONNEMARA PUBLIC LIBRARY-CHENNAI

4.1.1 ORIGIN
In recognition of the importance of the Library service, it was decided to establish a first
true public library in Tamil Nadu during the 19th century by an enlightened Administrator
Lord Connemara, the then Governor of Madras during 1886- 1890 . The Foundation
Stone for the Library was laid on 22nd March 1 890 and was formally opened on 0512-1896. The Library so founded was named after Lord Connemara to perpetuate his
memory in Madras in recognition of his efforts.
4.1.2 BUILDING OLD BLOCK
Designed by H.Irvig, the consulting Architect to the
Government of Madras, the Connemara Public Library is
a Semi-circle end oblong building constructed in Indosaracenic style. It is a magnificent hall with a splendid
reading room and beautiful teak wood book-shelves. To
watch its ceiling is an aesthetic appearance to our eyes.
The roof is truncated semi-circle. The truncated top
has a wooden ceiling but the two carved sides are
made by colored glass pieces artistically cemented to
one another. This building is renovated by the
Archaeological Survey of India, Chennai with an
expenditure of Rs. 1.21 corers, to preserve the cultural
heritage of India, with the financial assistance from the
state and central government.
Two cope up with the increasing stock, a fourstoried
building with 71, 700 sq.ft. was constructed in 1973.
Further to accommodate the increased stock of books
another three storied building with 21, 823 sq.ft. was
added in 1999.

NEW BLOCK

OLD BLOCK

4.1.3 SITE AND SURROUNDING

The library was as part of a cultural complex that grew in the grounds
of what was once called 'The Pantheon'.
The entire complex now boasts buildings that reflect architectural
unity, even while demonstrating the various stages of Indo-Saracenic
development, from Gothic-Byzantine to Rajput Mughal and Southern
Hindu Deccani.
The Government Museum Complex in Egmore houses the Government Museum, the
National Art Gallery. Established in 1851, and the Connemara public library, the museum
consisting of six buildings and 46 galleries covers an area of around 16.25 acres (66,000
m) of land.

The entire complex area is approximately 32 acres, out of which

50% space is under green spaces , 22% by the connecting internal
roads, 21% by the built up areas and 7% of the space for parking.
Out of the total site area the Library Block occupies 4% of site area
and ,out of the total built up area it occupies 16% ground coverage.

SITE AREA ANALYSIS

7%
21%

GREEN SPACE
50%

22%

ROADS

TOTAL BUILT UP

BUILT UP
PARKING

AMPLE OF OPEN SPACES

PARKING FOR CARS

PARKING FOR BUS

PARKING FOR TWO WHEELERS

There is ample parking space provided on the site. The

parking lots have been divide into three categories namely
two wheeler parking provided near the entrance , car
parking along the boundary wall of the site, and bus
parking next to the car parking separated by a green patch.
Maximum two wheeler parking has been provided as it is
the most common and cheap mode of conveyance.

Total no of car parking provided is around 250 cars and 80 for

two wheeler. The site is well served with public transportation
facility.
A bus stop is located half Km from the site and auto rickshaw
stand is just next to it. The harsh climate of the site is
manipulated by tree plantation and green spaces

CIRCULATION SPACE

2ND PHASE
ANNEXE
OLD BLOCK

4.1.4 GROWTH
Connemara public library grew in 3
phases to fulfill the increasing book
demands and the population growth of the
city.
At present the stock of books in the
library is 6.36 lakhs , 3.32 lakhs users and
97,196 members.

NEW BLOCK
1ST PHASE

OLD BLOCK

NEW BLOCK 1ST PHASE

3RD PHASE

Area : 54035 sq.ft

Area : 71700 sq.ft

Area : 21,823 sq.ft

Year : 1896

Year : 1973

Year : 1999

No of books : 74,141

No of books : 3,20,385

No of books : 5,97,238

Users : 81,174

Users : 1,91522

Users : 3,20765

Members : 2,268

Members : 13,174

Members : 86,459

GROWTH RATE
USERS

YEARS

1896
1973

BUILT UP

1999
2009

BOOKS

500000

1000000

In the 10 years interval

year the no of books
increases 10% i.e. around
66847 in number, where as
the no of user increases by
15 %.
In the year 1973 with the
increase of 2.46 lakh of
books a built up area of
17665 had to be added to
house the books.

GROWTH
5

4.1.5 CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES

One of the basic functions of the Connemara Public Library is to
conserve the printed heritage to the future generations. For this purpose
the library has separate divisions for physical, chemical, reprographic
and digital conservations.
PHYSICAL CONSERVATION
All the books damaged by human error or by the natural reasons are mended, repaired
and bound in the Binding division. Journals are bound volume wise.

REPROGRAPHIC PRESERVATION
Most of the 19th century Tamil, Telgu ,Malayalam and Kanada manuscripts have already
been microfilmed .
RARE BOOKS COLLECTION
This library has got a good number of rare books and periodicals some of them are:
The Bible , 3 Hourtus Indicus Malabaricus 12 Volumes, A Voyage to Suratt in the
years 1689 , Ovington, An account of the Trade in India Lockyer(Charles) , An
account of the religion and government, learing and economy of the
Malabarians, Flora Indica Burmanni( Nicolai Laverrntii) etc.

4.1.6 STAFF AND SERVICE

The total Staff strength is 112. With this Staff strength, this Library is
providing service to the user community through the following
sections.
RECEPTION, MULTIPURPOSE HALL, CIVIL SERVICE STUDY
CIRCLE, LENDING SECTION, BRAILLE AND TALKING BOOK
SECTION, CHILDREN SECTION, EDUCATIONAL VIDEOS/ CD
ROM SECTION, INTERNET SERVICE, REPROGRAPHIC SECTION,
STD-PCO FACILITY ETC.

GROUND FLOOR

REPOGRAPHY

INTERNET

OFFICE AREA

RECEPTION

LANGUAGE SECTION

REFRENCE

ISSUE COUNTER

FURNITURE

LANGUAGE BOOK SECTION, DIGITILIZATION SECTION,

BINDING SECTION.

SECOND FLOOR

THIRD FLOOR

VIDEOS/CD

PERIODICAL SECTION, REFERENCE SECTION, STAFF OFFICE,

MICROFILM SECTION.

FIRST FLOOR

PERIODICAL

CIVIL STUDY

BINDING

DIGITILIZATION

BINDING

STACKING

TEXT BOOK SECTION, PRESERVATION SECTION,

RARE/MANUSCRIPT/OFFICIAL DOCUMENT SECTION.

4.1.7 SPATIAL ORGANIZATION

STAFF UTILITY

LIBRARY

PUBLIC UTILITY
(Gents ladies toilet)

(staff canteen,)

VERTICAL CIRCULATION

MULTIPURPOSE HALL

LIBRARY SERVICE
(P.C.O, Xerox, scanning,
cyber, videos.)

(Capacity- 100 people)

RECEPTION

ENTRANCE

4.1.8 GROUND FLOOR PLAN

The spatial organization and the segregation of the departments in the
new library has been done on the experience bases over coming he
flaws of the old library. The sections which were used frequently or which
needed privacy has been segregated to different floors. Ground floor
occupies an area of 25805 sq.ft. The grid of the building is 9-6 by 206. And columns are 1 by 1 in size

On the entrance of the building security checking and luggage

deposit counter has been provide after security check you enter the
library foyer where you have reception for any enquiry regarding the
library service. For efficient circulation the bifurcated staircase has
been provide in the reception lobby.
The ancillary services of the library like the reprography service, internet browsing,
multi purpose hall etc has been provided on the ground floor

ENTRANCE TO THE SECOND LOBBY

LOBBY WITH SEGREGATED TOILET AREAS.

For the convenience and supervision of blinds and children's the bralli and the
children's section has been provided on the ground floor.
Public utility services like the toilets and canteen has been provided in the second
lobby which opens to civil /entrance study section which has been segregated with
double door security.
The lobby in the front acts as a buffer zone. For vertical circulation of man and books
recently a lift has been added in the second lobby even for the disables.
Out of the total floor area
reading area occupies the
maximum space .
A seating capacity of 150
people has been provided on the
ground floor.
Out which 15 are carrel provide
for individual study. Total 37
stacks has been provided with a
storage capacity of 22200 books
approximately. The shelf is 3in
length and 1-6 deep.
As per the demand 6 split A.Cs has been installed recently
in the civil section for the comfort of the readers.

10

FIRST FLOOR
First floor consist of periodical section and the mezzanine floor consist
of the staff office and reference section. The new annexes block and
the way to the old block is assessed through the periodical section.
The new block first floor is used as stack room.
The periodical section has a seating capacity of 136 people at a time. It is used on
daily basis by maximum number of people for reading newspapers and magazines. The
periodical section is well lighted by the natural light from the wall opening. A single wall
of 108 ft consist of 11 windows of 5 width.
Minimum amount of
artificial lighting is required
as the day lighting is self
sufficient in it self.
.

The tables are arranged centrally

between two column space for linear
arrangement.
The second floor is the replica of
the first floor and houses language
section, binding and digitalization
section.

11

THIRD FLOOR
The last floor consist the
text book section, old book
preservation section and
the rare book, official
documents
and
manuscripts collection.
The preservation section is housed in the top
most level to keep it out of the reach of the
general public and as this section is rarely
visited by the common public only used for the
research work on Indian literature.
To
maintain
the
room
temperature these section has
been provided with split A.C
units. There is only 18% reading
area on this floor. Some chemical
treatment is also done to preserve
the books. Manuscripts are
preserved with natural herbs.
For future air conditioning of the
building space for the plant has
been provided on the ground
floor.

SECOND FLOOR AREA ANALYSIS

THIRD FLOOR AREA ANALYSIS

12

4.1.9 AREA STATEMENT

Grid : 9-6 by 20-6
Column size : 1-0 Square Column
1. Entrance Foyer 383.4 sq.ft
2. Reception 160 sq.ft
3. Toilets 495 sq.ft
4. Stairs 343 sq.ft
5. Assembly Hall 1715 sq.ft
6. Binding Section 1469 sq.ft
7. Children's Section 120 sq.ft
8. News Paper Section 6652 sq.ft
9. Reference Section 1712 sq.ft
10. Digitalization Room 1712sq.ft
11. Lending Section 6652 sq.ft
12. Staff 1469 sq.ft (6 person)
13. Chief Librarian 360 sq.ft
Closed stacking area on each floor : 2496 sq.ft (15 Rows)
Each Row : 18-0 wide and 1-6 Deep (6stacks per row)
Each Stack : 3-0 Wide and 1-6 Deep (Ht: 6-6)
Individual Stack Area :13-6sq.ft
Stack Gap : 4-0
Open stacking area on each floor : 3456 sq.ft (15 Rows & 2 Columns)
Each Row : 15-0 wide and 1-6 Deep (5 stacks per row)
Each Stack : 3-0 Wide and 1-6 Deep (Ht: 6-0)
Individual Stack Area :13-6sq.ft
Stack Gap : 4-0
Aisle : 4-6 Wide

FLOOR AREA ANALYSIS

TOTAL BUILT UP : 93523 Sq.ft (2.1 ACRES)
GROUND FLOOR : 28385 Sq.ft

TOTAL BUILT UP

FIRST AND SECOND : 24516 Sq.ft

THIRD FLOOR : 16106 Sq.ft

13

4.1.10 INFERENCES
MERITS :
Located in the old museum complex visited by many tourist and weekly visits by the
school trips.
Easily assessable by public convince.
Located on the entrance of the site , can be easily sited.
Parking space provided in front of the library building.
Separate parking provided for two wheelers.
Buffered from the noise of the main road by the set back of more than 100ft .
Spatial organization as per the library standards requirement.
Vertical transportation easily assessable in the entrance foyer.
Security check and baggage deposit counter at the entrance.
Stacks are arranged with proper spacing with the offset of 4 ft fro m the window for proper
lighting.
Minimum artificial lighting used in most of the areas.
DEMERITS :
Separate section for Braille and children's library is not available.
No separate service lift for books transportation.
No proper canteen area provided.
Natural light is sufficient but creates glare problem on some areas in the room.
Fire fighting measures not installed as per the standards.
No proper temperature and humidity control maintained in the stack and reading areas.
Only few sections has been renovated with these facilities.
No appealing faade treatment and no passive features installed on the south& west
facades.
Over all the general requirement has been fulfilled but the latest modern technologies ,
proper mechanical services , aura of a particular section , inviting interior and self accessible
library features are missing which will be available in the new library in kotturpuram.

14

4.2 CHANDIGARH STATE LIBRARY

The Central State Library is a beehive of intellectual
activities. Since its very inception it has carved a niche for itself in
academic, literary and social circles of city beautiful.
The library has given a positive thrust to book-culture and related activities. Central
State Library caters to the demand of northern sectors and villages of the Chandigarh with
a network of two branches, a reading room and a mobile van. .
The Chandigarh
Public Library System was initiated in 1955 under
First Year Plan. This was covered under the scheme of Govt. of India."Promotion of Art
and Culture." After reorganization of the state of Punjab it came under the control of
Chandigarh Administration.
4.2.1 BUILDING INFORMATION
Location Sector- 17 near Bridge Market
Construction November1958
Architect P. Jeanneret
Total Built Up Area-30083 Sq.ft
Ground Coverage 16 %
Total Site Area 50405.5104 Sq.ft
Parking 30 to 35 two wheeler, car parking
in sector parking zone.
Ancillary Services
Provided Multipurpose hall, Cafeteria.
LIBRARY INFORMATION
Visitors
Books Issued/Returned/Consulted

5,18,000
5,60,000

Total Books

2,11,641

Newspaper received daily

Magazines received
Total membership
Total Budget

35
110
35,502
91,20,200

15

4.2.2 SITE AND SURROUNDINGS

1
9
13

11

2
6

12
8

10

1. High rise buildings

2. Central state library
3. Town hall
4. Post & telegraph building
5. Plaza
6. Over bridge
7. Cinema hall
8. Police station
9. Fire station
10. Parade ground
11. Football stadium
12. District courts
13. Bus terminus

16

4.2.3 VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS

ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING SECTION
The main activities here are classification and cataloguing the documents.
Classification in simple terms means assigning a numerical numbers as minute as
possible according to the subject which it covers.
This helps in arranging all books of one subject in one place rather than making it a
storehouse of books jumbled in one place.

FREE INTERNET ACCESS

The library has five work stations in the Reference Section for the use of internet.
Members can use the internet for half an hour daily.

The American Corner at the T.S.Central State Library provides a window on life and
culture in the United States and is the first place to visit for accurate and up-to-date
information about political, economic, cultural, educational and social trends in the United
States.
The American Corner has books, Magazines, CD-ROMs with current full text articles.
videos, DVD's and internet access.
CIRCULATION SECTION
This section represents the hub of library activities where lending out of books to
readers is facilitated.
In the circulation Section various functions are undertaken viz. Registration of new
members, lending of books, reminders for overdue books, reservation of books,
renewal of membership cards, records and files, statistics and inter library loans
etc.
Three computers have been installed exclusively for the
members to search books by title author, keywords and subject
through OPAC (On-Line Public Access Catalogue)

17

CHILDRENS SECTION

Children Section has been made more attractive to catch the eyes of
the children by adding educational & recreation toys & games
i.e.,soft toys,puzzles, blocks.
A seperate computer has been installed for children's exclusive use.

About 40 CD's have been added. The

titles
includes
nursery rhymes,fairy
tales,fun with numbers,Oxford dictionary,
spoken english, learn and enjoy, pre
school favourites, etc.
PERIODICAL AND NEWSPAPER SECTION
More than 50 percent of the readers of this library visit only this section due to the
special facility provided to non members.
About 10 years back record of newspapers is available.
Current issue of the magazines are being displayed on the reading table to make their
maximum use by a large number of readers. About 200 periodicals and 18 newspapers
are received in Hindi, English, Punjabi, English and Urdu Languages.
ADMINISTRATION SECTION
It keeps and maintains the records pertaining to various budgetary provisions of the
library like salary, expenditure and other matters pertaining to physical stock and
infrastructure of the library.
BINDING SECTION
Binding is a very vital affair for the library. Books need to be repaired and bound off and
on.

REPOGRAPHIC SERVICE
Reprographic Service was introduced in the library in 1989 with the purchase of Modi
Xerox Machine, which was set up in the reference section. The readers can get the
material Photostat as and when they require on nominal rates. It has minimized the
mutilation and pilferage of books to a great extent.

18

MOBILE LIBRARY

Due to expansion of the city and its development in phases a Mobile

van services were provided for the City Beautiful to cater to the needs
of the people living in the following areas, and also for housewives,
senior citizens etc. The mobile van caters to areas and colonies like
Railways colony, Maloya etc
C.D LIBRARY
. It has acquired about 150 CDs and two pentium based machine. The library will have
various access points to the World Wide Web.
EDUCATION MEDIA CENTRE
An audio-video Aids Educational Media has been set up in the library for which
infrastructure like TV, VCR, VCP, audio cassettes, Double cassette, Deck, speaker,
Overhead Projector, Video Projector with accessories, smart Video Projector with ceiling
mount, Bracket torn 10ft. Diagonal with remote control cable, Automatic slide projector
and cassettes on various educational subjects are played for the comprehension of the
subject like science, geography etc. for school students.

19

4.2.4 STAFF AND SERVICE

The total Staff strength is 6 people. With this Staff strength, this
Library is providing service to the user community through the
following sections.
RECEPTION, MULTIPURPOSE HALL, CHILDRENS LIBRARY,
AUDIO- VISUAL, COMPUTER ROOM, PERIODICAL SECTION,
BINDING SECTION.

GROUND FLOOR

PERIODICAL

CHILDRENS SECTION

OPEN STACKS

SECOND FLOOR

AMERICAN CENTER

THIRD FLOOR

NEW ARRIVAL

RECEPTION

LENDING SECTION, STAFF, CHIEF LIBRARIAN OFFICE, PUNJAB

STATE LITERATURE.

FIRST FLOOR

RECEPTION

ASSEMBLY HALL

RAMP

STAFF ROOM

READING AREA

AMERICAN CENTER, READING HALL.

CIRCULATION AREA

OPEN STACKS

READING

AQUIZATION SECTION, CAFETERIA, OPEN TERRACE.

20

4.2. 5 LE CORBUSIERS DESIGEN

By virtue of its location which was predetermined by Le Corbusier in his
overall plan of the City Centre, Jeanneret followed the strict volumetric
and faade controls laid out for the sector.
The circular concrete columns, beams, parapets, deep verandas and undulatory
glazing which are the typical architectural features of the City Centre dominate the
exterior of the building.
However, when a visitor enters the building he appreciates the architect whose skill
and talent combined with an intuitive understanding of the aesthetic and functional
aspects of a library bestow on this piece of architecture grace and serenity.

RAMP DETAIL, SLOPE 1:7

G.L

SECTION THROUGH STACKING AREA

BASEMENT VENTILATION DETAIL

On the rear side, the changed stacklevels are truthfully expressed on the
faade. These are treated with horizontal
bands and small window openings in the
recessed brick wall.

The staircases, the ramp, the counters,

the reading halls, and above all, the color
scheme complement each other and
create an ambience suited for relaxed
reading and learning.

SECTION THROUGH RAMP

21

4.2.6 GROUND FLOOR

The building has two entrances at different levels. From the
south-west, there is a passage to the basement which presently
houses the National Gallery of Portraits. The main entrance to the
library is from the north-east which is at ground level.
The inviting entrance hail has a built-in reception counter and from
here one can take a ramp or staircase to go to the upper floors.
. The ground floor house a Multi- purpose hall with a sitting capacity of 150 people, a
children's section with a sitting capacity of 35 children's at a time with total 25000
books . The stack provided are 3 in width and 1-6 deep . One stack contains 125
books
approximately.
.
The dimensions of the bookshelves, the reading tables and chairs are kept to suit the
children. The children's section is crowded in the months of June July .

NORTH- EAST

22

FIRST AND SECOND FLOOR

The first floor accommodates the book-lending section and various
administration offices.
The second floor is allotted to the reference and magazine
sections.
The third floor houses rare books which the scholar and the layman
can consult. A cafeteria with an open terrace provides light
refreshments.

23

THIRD FLOOR
The floor area of the third floor is 5129 Sq.ft. the last floor consist of
the cafeteria and Acquisition section. The reading area in the second
floor is an open terrace on the last floor . For connecting the last stack
area stairs are provided from the terrace.

SECOND FLOOR

THIRD FLOOR

24

4.2.7 AREA STATEMENT

Grid : 17-3 by 17-3
Column size : 17Dia Circular Column
1. Entrance Foyer 1204 sq.ft
2. Reception 108 sq.ft
3. Toilets 235 sq.ft
4. Stairs 144 sq.ft
5. Ramp 453 sq.ft
6. Assembly Hall 1411 sq.ft
7. Children's Section 1908 sq.ft
8. News Paper Section 630 sq.ft
9. BindingSection 309 sq.ft
10. Audio Visual Room 560 sq.ft
11. Computer 256 sq.ft
12. Staff 625 sq.ft (6 person)
13. Chief Librarian 415 sq.ft
Closed stacking area on each floor : 1110 sq.ft (15 Rows)
Each Row : 10-0 wide and 1-6 Deep (3 stacks per row)
Each Stack : 3-3 Wide and 1-6 Deep (Ht: 6-6)
Individual Stack Area :13-6sq.ft
Stack Gap : 3-0
Open stacking area on each floor : 2788 sq.ft (6 Rows & 3 Columns)
Each Row : 15-0 wide and 1-6 Deep (5 stacks per row)
Each Stack : 3-0 Wide and 1-6 Deep (Ht: 6-0)
Individual Stack Area :13-6sq.ft
Stack Gap : 3-0
Aisle : 4-6 Wide

FLOOR AREA ANALYSIS

TOTAL BUILT UP

TOTAL BUIL UP AREA: 30083 QS.FT

GROUND FLOOR :
8273 SQ.FT
FIRST&SEOND:
8273 SQ.FT
THIRD:
5264 SQ.FT

25

4.2.8 INFERENCES
MERITS :
Located in Sector -17 that is the heart of the city so can be easily located.
Easily assessable by public convince.
Parking space provided in the sectoral parking zone at the back side of the building.
Only two wheeler parking provided in the front of the library.
Spatial organization as per the library standards requirement.
Vertical transportation easily assessable in the entrance foyer.
Security check and baggage deposit counter at the entrance.
Stacks are arranged with proper spacing with the offset of 4 ft fro m the window for
proper lighting.
Separate section provided for children's and Braille library .
Separate service lift and staircase provided at the stacking area .

DEMERITS :
canteen area provided but not in working condition at present.
Natural light is insufficient.
Noise pollution due the surrounding site activities.
Fire fighting measures not installed as per the standards.
No proper temperature and humidity control maintained in the stack and reading areas.
Only few sections has been renovated with these facilities. Of the library.
Insufficient stacking space as per the increasing demand of the books.
No separate cyber caf provided for the users.
Parking provided only for limited two wheeler in front
No appealing faade treatment.
Over all the general requirement has been fulfilled but the latest modern technologies ,
proper mechanical services , aura of a particular section , inviting interior and self
accessible library features are missing which will be available in the new library in
kotturpuram.

26

4.3 PARLIAMENT LIBRARY DELHI (A Proto-Type Study)

4.3.1 INTRODUCTION
The Parliament Library of India is located at the heart of Lutyens urban design for New
Delhi, to the northwest of Bakers Parliament House.
The Library was expected to be apt for the 21st century ,while also complementing the
majestic heritage from the British colonial period.
Responding to the Parliaments giant colonnade, the Library features a meticulously
ordered cluster of circular forms, organized cross-axially, and configuring an incomplete
square. Inspirations from ancient temples and palaces have been distilled into a
contemporary vocabulary that is shaped and textured by the memory of places and the
geometry of latticework.
building contains basic library functions, parliamentary services and related facilities over
four floors, two of them below ground.
All public spaces on the upper floors are covered by structural lattices of different
patterns, surmounted by shallow bubble domes that create a sculptural landscape on the
roof.
4.3.2 SITE AND SURROUNDINGS
The site is close to the majestic complex
of imperial buildings that flank the
expansive Raj path (Kingsway).
The avenue runs for two kilometers from
east to west, from Lutyens Viceroys House
(now the residential palace Rashtrapati
Bhawan) and Bakers twin secretariat
buildings (now ministries) to India Gate,
Lutyens war memorial.
To the north of the ministries is Bakers
Parliament House (Sansad Bhawan), a
massive circular structure 170 meters in
diameter, surrounded by a giant colonnade
in beige granite that sits atop a one-storeyhigh podium in red sandstone
. (The height of the Library could not exceed the height of this podium.) The porch
behind the colonnade is a continuous veranda for circulation.
The rest of the building has an introverted scheme, with the central hall surrounded by
three chambers and three courtyards.
The 10-acre triangular site for the Library lies northwest
of the Parliament site, a triangle of equal size with a
restricted road in between. Vehicle access is from Talkotora
and Pandit Pant roads.

27

SITE PLAN

N
LIBRARY

Site conditions and trees prohibited the northwestern corner of the

plan from being built, leaving the square incomplete. Otherwise the
plan, with its courtyards and axes, is similar to historic precedents.

28

4.3.3 PLANNING
The plan of the building is inspired by pre-colonial Indian
architecture such as the magnificent Taj Mahal, with its square base
and symmetrical composition.
The plan of the richly adorned Datia Palace (1614 A.D.) in central India is said to be
reminiscent of the ancient Indian mandala.
Another inspiration is the Adinatha Temple (1439 A.D.) at Ranakpur in western India.
Adinatha is square in plan, with cardinal axes meeting at the center, leaving open-to-sky
courtyards in the leftover spaces. In addition to being icons of Indian architecture,
courtyard plans admit daylight and have social and climatic advantages.
Historically, Indian buildings with interior open-air spaces helped in defense. But for
Rewal, in a library that needs neither defense nor ceremony, such forms seem to
symbolize an introversion characteristic of the ancient Indian guru.

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT IN RELATION TO THE GEOMETRY OF PARLIAMENT HOUSE.

INSPIRATIONAL SOURCE FOR THE PLANNING OF THE LIBRARY.

29

4.3.4 GROUND FLOOR PLAN

The site measures 10 acres with a built up area of 60000 sq.m. The
entire building is planed on a grid of 5 mts.
The three courtyards are symmetrically placed around the central built form
complimenting distinct functions. The height of the building is restricted to the podium
level of the Parliament house.
The building has two basements an two upper floors There are twelve domes of
various sizes, and an auditorium for 1075 persons apart from the stack area for
housing 3 million books which are in the basements.

PUBLIC ENTRY

LIBRARY BLOCK
BPST

MLA
READING
HALL

REFRENCE
DOCUMENTATION

ENTRY FROM
PARLIAMENT
(V.I.P)

AUDITORIUM

RESEARCH
INFORMATION

COMMITTEE
ROOM

PRESS
PUBLIC
RELATION

RECEPTION

MUSEUM

N
30

GROUND FLOOR LIBRARY

PERIODICAL

Maximum area is occupied

by the stacks to house the 3
million parliament books.
STACKS

PERIODICAL

The 2nd basement floor is

completely stacked with
official documents , old
newspapers and books.
Where
as
the
first
basement has a double
height reading area.
The periodical is on
the ground floor along
with net browsing
area, where as first
floor has maximum
reading area naturally
lighted
with
surmounted dome.

CHIEF
LIBRARIAN
OFFICE

M.P READING HALL

ENTRANCE

TOTAL BUILT UP PIE CHART

OF LIBRARY AREAS.

31

4.3.5 DESIGN CONCEPT

The central function of the complex is the
Parliament Library --- a house of knowledge,
symbolically a place of enlightenment.
The design concept with its connotations of an inward
looking building reflects a specific preference for subtle
spatial enclosures rather than forms of grandeur.
The design is based on the context of the site and the
nature of the proposed building. The aim is to seek a low
key architectural expression signifying sagacity, even
spiritual elegance rather than compete with the power of
the parliament.
The second basement floor of the main building will
have closed stacks, covering 8,000 square metres of
area.
The open stacks having approximate area of 2,700
square metres are predominantly provided in the first
basement of the main building.
The building will have eight committee rooms and a
banquet hall.
Kitchen / canteen facilities for nearly 500 persons
are also being provided apart from a number of
kitchenettes / snack bars.
The analogy of a relationship between a guru and the
king may not be far fetched while comparing the
proposed library with the existing Parliament building.
Both visually and symbolically, the central hall of the
existing Parliament denoting peoples power, consensus
and democracy, is linked to the central core of the new
complex, symbolizing knowledge on a central axis,
through a sequence of spaces culminating in a new
auditorium for 1,100 persons.

32

The focal centre, place of

enlightenment provide natural
light even to two basements.
Natural light pours into the MPs reading room. Its
structural light tubular frames and juxta position of
wood and glass bricks according to inner space a
translucent quality.
Hand crafted stone jails are used throughout
the building.
The calm pond in one court yard symbolizes
equality.
For the roof of the museum and library we have
proposed a structural system of diagram of steel
tube spanning 30 40 metres.
It protrudes above the roof and it covered with
shallow domes of concretes and glass brick.
The aim is to provide a light and elegant structural
system which could be viewed from long distance
only.
For the central focal point of library activities he
had proposed a dynamic glass dome framed with
stainless steel structural members in form of four
petals.
The focal domes provide the natural light for the
two basements at centre of the building.

The Parliament Library has two distinct structural

systems. The structural arrangement for lower
floors is based on a diagram of prefabricated
concrete coffers at 1.2 metres (with spans up to 10
metres) supported by circular column of concrete
encased in sandstone.

33

4.3.6 BUILDING SERVICES

The auditorium is equipped with the state-of-the-art digital Dolby
surround sound system for 35 mm film projection; a wireless
simultaneous interpretation system for ground plus four language
interpretation; video projection system with high power Xenon
illumination system with an output of 10,000 ANSI lumens; and
stage light system with scanner controlled FOH lights.
The Computer Centre which is centrally air conditioned, is equipped with most modern
facilities such as access control system with magnetic card, glare free lighting,
closed circuit TV, automatic fire detection and fire fighting system in addition to in
built public address system.
SOME E&M SERVICES PROVIDED ARE:
Central air-conditioning of 45,000 Sqm. of the building, with 5 x 500 TR centrifugal
chilling machines including winter heating and dehumidification.
Automatic, intelligence fire alarm systems, duly integrated with AHUs, PA system and
Fire Check Doors, for co-ordinated functioning in case of fire.
Non-wet fire-fighting system with NAFS-III gas in computer centre and micro filming
store & CO for Switch Rooms.
CCTV for surveillance, library operations and display of proceedings in Parliament.
PA system in most parts of the building.
Video projection system, Digital conferencing
Interpretation system in Committee Rooms.

systems

Car-control systems for Parking area.

Parking for 286 cars

34

and

Simultaneous

4.3.7 BUILDING FEATURES

THE LATTICE COMICAL STRUCTURE
various public spaces are roofed over with a variety of domes which
are lifted above and float over rings of light .
. These steel structures are based on squares, hexagons and octagons that form a
steel lattice
These are composed of steel tubes that are ten centimeters in diameter..
The joints are cast separately at foundries in south India and then connected to the
tubes with bolts. The entire structure of domes is supported by circular ring beams that
is lifted above the roof level by a series of columns. The resultant vertical plane was
filled with at combination of glass and glass bricks

DOME FOR THE ENTRANCE HALL

INTERNAL TREATMENT OF SURFACE WOODEN

ACOUSTIC TILES ON THE CEILING OF THE
BANQUET HALL AND MEETING ROOM

THE GLASS ROOF SPANS OVER THE FOCAL

CENTRE PROVIDING NATURAL
ILLUMINATION TO SURROUNDING GALLIES

LATTICE STRUCTURE
ROOFING THE VIP
ENTRANCE.

BANQUET HALL, DETAIL OF LATTICE

SUPPORTED BY STEEL RING BEAM.
LATTICE STRUCTURE ROOFING THE
SCHOLARS LIBRARY.

35

The focal centre is located at the cross axis of the library complex,.
Externally it is also the highest point of the composition. It is a glass
dome framed with stainless steel structural members in the form of
four petals.
The parabolic forms of the petals are tied together on top to a square
member and laced together underneath with tensile rods.

VIEW SHOWING THE STRUCTURAL

FRAMEWORK OF THE FOCAL CENTRE DOME
VIEW TOWARDS BUREAU OF PARLIAMENTARY STUDIES.

ROOF GARDEN
The extensive roof garden of the library provides a picturesque view of an undulating
landscape punctuated by a series of sculptural domes. In the winter the garden
becomes a public space, where scholars and parliamentarians alike can meet
and discuss the days proceedings; in the summer the sixty centimeters of earth provide
a thermal mass which effectively insulates the floors beneath it. This strategy of using
the earth as an insulating barrier is further exploited by placing two floors below the
natural ground level .
COURT YARDS
The three courtyards that form the inner core of the
building provide the surrounding spaces with a dust
free environment (a major consideration for any
building in the hot and dusty Indo-gangetic plain) from
where a soft diffused light emanates.
Each courtyard symbolizes one aspect of the Indian
constitution. One is an amphitheater, symbolizing
freedom of expression. Another courtyard has a pool
of water symbolizing equality.
A tree forms the focal point of the third
courtyard, representing social justice

DETAIL OF THE PLANTATION OF ROOF GARDEN.

36

VIEW OF ONE OF THE COURTYARDS.

VIEW OF THE COURTYARD WITH WATER

FROM THE SURROUNDING PASSAGE.

MATERIALS

The use of Red and Beige Sandstone in the new building ensures the harmony between
the new library and the existing parliament. The protruding ceiling canopy protects the
glass windows from harsh sun rays.

SANDSTONE CLAD CIRCULAR COLUMNS, HAND CARVED JAALIS

AND SANDSTONE PANELS.

GLASS BRICKS ARE USED TO LIGHT UP

THE TWO BASEMENTS.

TECHNOLOGY AND ARTISNAL SKILLS

Cutting edge hi tech technologies live in perfect harmony with artisan techniques of
ancient origins. The work of engineering and technical skill is used along with
craftsmanship of stone cutters who make jaalis.
HANDCRAFTED STONE
JAALIS ARE USED FOR
AOUSTIC CONSIDERATION

CONSTRUCTION OF ENTRANCE HALL DOME

37

4.3.8 INFERENCES
Lighting and Ventilation is as per standard.
Firefighting Arrangements with Fire Alarm System
Service Staircase and Fire Escape Staircase
Acoustics and Heating Ventilation
Safety and Security of Users and Building
Proper Air between Stacks
Glassed Partitions
Steel Racks with Wooden Panel
Bay Guides

38

5. SITE ANALYSIS

39

5.1. WHY AT KOTTURPURAM?

Kotturpuram is a locality in Chennai
(Madras), Tamil Nadu, India.
Located on the south bank of the Adyar
River, it is easily identified on satellite maps,
being situated on a prominent northward
bend of the river.

It constitutes mostly of residences

and sports clubs. It has developed
into a working class residential
community since the 1980s.

ADYAR RIVER

It is also the site of education

and research hubs of the city, all
the institutes are located on Rajiv
Gandhi road more than 100
engineering's
colleges
and
polytechnic are located in this
area. Also being adjacent to the
Indian Institute of Technology Madras(IIT), st.patrician college,
KRMM college of arts and
science, Anna University, MGR
Medical University,
Madras
School of Economics, Cancer
Institute and the renowned Guindy
Children's Park.

40

5.2 SITE INFORMATION

The given site is a very dormant one which is located on the
Kotturpuram Road.
It is placed in a mixed community setup which consist of residential,
Educational and Commercial establishment.
The site is flanked by Government Data Centre on the north, madras economics
school on the west and Anna Gems Science Park School on the south. It has frontage
on one side only from the east direction ,along the Gandhi Mandapa Road. The site is
sufficient for coming up such a Modern State Public Library Building Complex Project.

Madras Economics School

PROPOSED
STATE LIBRARY

RAILWAY STATION

The landmarks that are located near the site are Anna University,
Children's Park, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial, Cancer Hospital,
Indian Institute Of Technology, Birla Planetarium ,Gems Park High
School, Madras Institute Of Mathematics.

41

5.3 TRAFFIC SENARIO

The readers to library are likely to be from the nearby residential
areas ( Kotturpuram, Adyar, Nandanam, Velachery, Saidapet,
T.Nagar, Taramani etc.) educational institute ( Anna University, IIT,
Madras University etc) and schools.
The Library is located on the western side of the Gandhi
Mandapam Road. The distance
to the nearest bus
transport facility is 0.5 km and to the nearest suburban
railway station is 1 km. so the visitors/users are most likely
to visit by the public transport mode. The no of users to a
library on a Leave during the evening hours.
It is expected that maximum 2750 persons would travel
to the facility by bus or private vehicle during the evening
peak hours assuming 30% to travel by bus and 50% by two
wheelers and 20% by cars. The total equivalent flow would
be nearly 600 pcu/ hour.

FROM ANNA UNIVERSITY

A library with modern facilities is to attract 3000 visitors

per day and 25% (750 visitors) of them are likely to visit
during the evening hours. When a function/meeting is
organized in the amphitheater and auditorium another
2000 person will arrive/

CROSS JUNCTION Km FROM SITE

As the facility is located in the midst of the residential

and educational institutions anticipated traffic of 600 pcu is
expected equally from both ends of Gandhi Mandapam
Road i.e 300 puc from Anna University side and another
300 from Nandanam side . Majority of the roads in the
area carry traffic nearly 1.5 to 3.77 times their capacity.

WAY TO RANEET ROAD

NEAREST BUS STOP

GANDHI MANDAPAM ROAD

ENTRANCE TO SITE

42

SITE ENTRANCE

SITE OFFICE

GOVERNMENT DATA CENTER ON

NORTH SIDE

5.4. SITE REQUIREMENT

SITE AREA

: 32, 400 Sq.mt (8 Acres/ 3.24 Hectares)

READING CAPACITY : 2000 PERSON AT A TIME

STACKING CAPACITY : 12.5 LAKH BOOKS
F.S.I : 1.75
SETBACKS

G.C : 30%

HT : 8 STORIES/ 42 Mt

MADRS ECONOMICS SCHOOL ON THE

SOUTH WEST SIDE

: FRONT SET BACK : 7 Mt ,SIDE SET BACK : 7Mt,

REAR SETBACK : 7Mt

43

SITE LOCATION

: The site is located on Gandhi Mandapam

street,Kotturpuram-Chennai.

MAIN ACCESS

: Cancer Institute and Research Centre 1km, Indian

Institute of Technology 1.10km and Anna University
1.60km.

OTHER ACCESS

: Chennai Airport 8km, Guindy Race Course 4km,

Central Railway Station 2km.

EXISTING USE

: Mixed Community setup.

CONTOURS

: No contours in the site

TEMPERATURE

: Max : 43C --Min : 18C

RELATIVE HUMIDITY : 88%

WIND DIRECTION

: Blowing from SE

AVERAGE WIND SPEED : 3.672 Kmph

PERIOD

: September 19 -25 , 2008

SOIL TYPE

: Sludge soil and sand mixed with clay.

WATER TABLE LVL

: 3mt from ground surface

PARKING FACILIY

: surface parking cars 545 & 183 two wheelers

ELECTRICITY

: from municipal electricity board

SOURCE OF WATER

: Chennai metropolitan water supply

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT :

75 kld proposed

44

5.6 DEMOGRAPHY
Chennai has a long history since 1639. The Chennai City Corporation
was constituted in 1798. The City extending over an area of 68 sq.km in
1901 had a population of 5.40 lakhs. Since 1941, it had grown rapidly
and the growth of population in Chennai City and other local bodies
within CMA . The present population of the city is 43.34 Lakhs.
Chennai is a city of migrants like any other
MADRAS ECONOMICS SCHOOL
metropolitan city in India. According to 2001
Census, migrants to Chennai City from other
parts of Tamil Nadu State constitute 74.5 %,
and the table below shows a downward trend in
the migration to the City from 37.24% in 1961 to
GOVERNMENT
21.57% in 2001. Migrants from other parts of
DATA CENTRE
India constitute 23.8% and the remaining 1.71
% of the migrants is from other countries.
The Literacy rate of Chennai is
76.81% in the city, 76.09% in CMA and 73.51%
in Urban TN.

ANNA GEMS
SCHOOL

45

5.7 CHENNAI CLIMATE :WARM AND HUMID CLIMATIC ZONE AS

PER SP -41 CODE:
This type of climate is normally found in the coastal areas. Mean
maximum temperature during summer does not rise beyond 32
degree centigrade and relative humidity ranges between 70% and
90%. Because of less diurnal variation of temperatures along with
high humidity, the emphasis should be on prevailing winds. Coastal
regions of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu,
Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal fall under this category.
Desirable features of buildings in this zone are:
1. ORIENTATION: should be preferably in North-South direction for habitable rooms
i.e. longer walls should face north & south so that shorter sides are exposed to
direct sunlight.
2. WINDOWS AND FENESTRATION: Proper cross ventilation of building is of extreme
importance therefore large openings should be positioned on windward and leeward
direction. However, openings should be provided with suitable protection like
sunshades, chhajjas etc. from Sun and rain. Windows area should be 15 to 20 percent
of floor area. The sill height of windows should be at low level between 0.5 to 0.7 meter.
Fixed windows should be avoided. Internal doorways between drawing & dining and
dining to passage etc. may be left open without shutters/leaves. Ventilators should be
provided as near to ceiling as possible. Provision of mechanical ventilation for
circulation of fresh air as well as exhaust of used air should be made.
3. WALLS: Low thermal capacity material be used in construction and walls can be
thinner as temperatures are not very high. Compound wall on the windward side should
be low. Bare fencing or light screen walls are preferable. RCC jalies are more
advantages as they allow passage of air through them and at the same time provide
privacy by obstructing the vision.
4. ROOFS: should have large overhangs to avoid rainwater hitting the wall. Roof
should be finished with materials of low thermal conductivity. Top roof surface should
be made reflective by providing whitewashing or any reflective paint / tiles. Proper
slope is essential for effective removal of rainwater.
5. VEGETATION: Shrubs of medium height or coconut trees grove or casuarinas,
which do not act as wind barriers are recommended.
6. SPECIAL NEEDS: Good rain-water drainage is essential. Desert coolers are not
suitable in these areas.

46

5.8 SPECIAL RULES FOR MULTI-STOREYED BUILDINGS

(1) (a) Site Extent:- The minimum extent of site for construction of multi-storeyed
buildings shall not be less than 1500 square metres.
(b) Road width:- The site shall either abut on a road not less than 18 metres in
width or gain access from public road not less that 18 metres
width through a part of the site which can be treated as an
exclusive passage of not less than 18 metres in width.
Provided further that multi-storeyed building may be permitted with limitations on
maximum FSI and maximum height of the building on a site abutting or gaining access
from a public road of min. 12 m/15 m in width, or gain access from public road not less
that 12 m/15 metres in width through a part of the site which can be treated as an
exclusive passage of not less than 12 m/15 metres in width, subject to compliance of
the planning parameters stated in the Table under sub rule (2) below.
EXPLANATION:
(i) Road width means the road space as defined in DR no. 2 (35). The qualifying road
width for permitting multi-storeyed building shall be available at least for a stretch
of 500m along the length of the road abutting the site and the stretch from a
junction can be straight or a curve or zigzag or combination of the above.
To cite examples
a) If the road over its general length is of 18 metres width, but because of some kinks
in front of the site one end is 17.8 metres and the other end is 18.2 metres is
acceptable.
b) If the general road is of width less than 18 metres width, but only widens opposite to
or nearer to the site is more than 18 metres, is not acceptable.

c) If the road is generally of 18 metres width up to a considerable length on one side,

but discontinues and narrows into a road of smaller width on the other side of the site
in question and the plot owner is willing to leave enough space for continuity of 18
metres road in front of his site, this will have to be checked and decided on case-bycase.
d) If the general road width is less than 18 metres and the site owner merely agrees to
leave enough space to have 18 metres in front of his site only, this is not acceptable.

47

(ii) Road width measurements for the above purpose shall be of the
road as designed and laid and the existence of unauthorized
encroachments, for which no patta has been given, will not normally
affect adversely provided the shortage in width in the min. stretch
stated above does not exceed 10% of the min. prescribed width.
However permissibility (in exceptional cases) or otherwise in such
specific situations will be decided case-by-case.

48

(1)

PARKING AND PARKING FACILITIES:

For the use of the occupants and of persons visiting the premises
for the purposes of profession, trade, business, recreation or any
other activity parking spaces and parking facilities shall be
provided within the site to the satisfaction of the Authority and
conforming to the standards specified in Annexure XVI.

.
(2) VEHICULAR ACCESS WITHIN THE SITE:
Internal Vehicular Access way including passage if any within the site shall have a
clear width of 7.2 m. and such vehicular access shall be available for every
building block in the site. Further, it shall be a clear width of open to sky and no
projection in structure over it is permissible.
(3) CORRIDOR WIDTH: The corridor serving as access for units in the development in whichever floor they
may be situated shall not be less than the standards prescribed in Annexure XVII.
(4) BASEMENT FLOOR: -

(a) The height of basement floor shall not exceed 1.2 metres above ground level and
the headroom shall be minimum 2.4 metres.
(b) No part of the basement shall be constructed in the minimum required set
backspaces required for the movement of snorkel.
(c) In cases where second basement is proposed for parking and incidental uses,
sufficient provision for lighting and ventilation and also for protection from fire to
the satisfaction of Directorate of Fire and Rescue Services shall be made.
(e) During the construction of the basement floor, it shall be sole responsibility of the
planning permission holder to ensure that the building / structure in the adjoining
sites are not weakened / damaged.
(5) FIRE SAFETY, DETECTION AND EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS:
(a) All building in their design and construction shall be such as to contribute to and
ensure individually and collectively and the safety of life from fire, smoke, fumes and
also panic arising from these or similar other causes.
(b) In building of such size, arrangement or occupancy that a fire
may not itself provide adequate warning to occupants, automatic
fire detecting and alarming facilities shall be provided where
necessary to warn occupants or the existence of fires, so that
they may escape, or to facilitate the orderly conduct of fire exit
Drills.

49

6. DESIGN CRITERIA
To meet the clients requirements and objectives, including being a
cultural facility and a unique and enjoyable civic place for Chennai and
surrounding districts, such as the open air theatre, exhibition space, sky
courts etc..
Provide adequate space and flexibility for a variety of tasks and for the growth of the
collection and number of users.
Resolution of conflict between lively and reflective spaces. Intercultural and needsbased considerations, consistent with age-groups, interests etc. To design a library
requires clear purposes, and the judges are examining what they see as the result of
these deliberations.
Ideas: culture, learning, information, leisure zoning and display of space conceiving
the user close to content -open areas adjacent to heavier stocked areas, use of
cloistered area .
A sense of being in the community, while doing your own thing the personal and the
community in harmony.
To develop knowledge resources, leisure
space for parents and toddlers, serious
areas deeper in the building or upstairs
Services not just through technology but
through personal contact, the space allowed
for this interaction to take place naturally,
either in adjoining spaces or while walking
around.
H.Q
STAFF
RARE BOOK,
PRESRVATION
UNIT
READING ZONE

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS

TEXT BOOKS

REFERENCE
PERIODICAL
ENTRANCE AREA, MULTIPURPOSE HALL.
CHILDRENS SECTION

SEGREGATION OF PUBLIC
& PRIVATE AREAS

50

7. AREA STATEMENT
LOBBY/RECEPTION
CYBER CAF
AUDITORIUM
LIFT, STAIRCASE, ESCALATOR
CURRENT NEWSPAPER SECTION
CHILDRENS SECTION
PERIODICAL SECTION
REFERENCE SECTION
STACK AREA ( TAMIL BOOKS)
READING AREA
STACK AREA (ENGLISH BOOKS)
READING AREA
DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGE
INDIAN LANGUAGE
BACK ISSUE OF NEWS PAPER
READING AREA
BACK ISSUE OF PERIODICALS
READING AREA
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT
STACK AREA
READING AREA
DONOR COLLECTION
READING AREA
AUDIO& VISUAL
RARE BOOKS
DIGITAL LIBRARY
READING AREA
STAFF
BINDING & BOOK SORTING
CONFERENCE HALL

: 6000 SQ.FT
: 7500 SQ.FT
: 15,000 SQ.FT
:1,500 SQ.FT
: 6000 SQ.FT
: 3000 SQ.FT
: 7500 SQ.FT
: 6000 SQ.FT
: 22500 SQ.FT
: 6000 SQ.FT
: 22500 SQ.FT
: 6000 SQ.FT
: 10,000 SQ.FT
: 15,000 SQ.FT
: 12000 SQ.FT
: 2000 SQ.FT
: 12500 SQ.FT
: 2000 SQ.FT
: 26000 SQ.FT
:2500 SQ.FT
: 1500 SQ.FT
: 6000 SQ.FT
: 7500 SQ.FT
: 20000 SQ.FT
: 6000 SQ.FT
: 2500 SQ.FT
: 2000 SQ.FT
: 14000 SQ.FT
: 7500 SQ.FT

51