Tech Spec

His Majesty's Government of Nepal
Ministry of Water Resources
Department of Irrigation
SIKTA IRRIGATION PROJECT

Nepalgunj, Banke
BIDDING DOCUMENTS
for
CONSTRUCTION OF HEADWORKS
VOLUME 2
CONTRACT NO: SIP/HW/ICB/01
Contents:
VOLUME 1
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
Invitation for Bids

Instruction to Bidders
Bidding Data
Part - 1: General Conditions of Contract
Part - 2: Conditions of Particular Application
Sample Forms of Bid, Appendix to Bid and Bid Security
Sample Forms of Agreement, Performance Security and Bank Guarantee and
Advance Payment
Technical Specifications
Bill of Quantities
VOLUME 2
Section
Section
VIII
IX
VOLUME 3
Section
Drawings
VOLUME 1
Section
I
Section
II
Section III
Section IV
Section
V
Section VI
Section VII
Invitation for Bids

Instruction to Bidders
Bidding Data
Part - 1: General Conditions of Contract
Part - 2: Conditions of Particular Application
Sample Forms of Bid, Appendix to Bid and Bid Security
Sample Forms of Agreement, Performance Security and Bank
Guarantee and Advance Payment
Bill of Quantities
VOLUME 2
Section VIII
Section IX
VOLUME 3
Section X
Drawings
VOLUME 2
Section VIII
Section IX
Bill of Quantities and Form for Rate

Analysis
SECTION VIII: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of contents
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS...................................................1-1

1.01 ABBREVIATIONS.....................................................................................................................1-2
1.02 B RIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE WORKS..............................................................................1-2
1.03 AMBIENT CONDITIONS.................................................................................................... 1-2
1.04 DRAWINGS....................................................................................................................... 1-3
1.04.1 Bidding Drawings..........................................................................................................1-3
1.04.2 Additional Drawings.....................................................................................................1-3
1.04.3 Drawings and Calculations to be furnished by the Contractor..................................1-3
1.04.4 Right to Change Design and Drawings........................................................................1-4
1.04.5 As-Built Drawings.....................................................................................................1-5
1.04.6 Measurement and Payment..........................................................................................1-5
1.05 SETTING-OUT AND SURVEY OF THE WORKS...................................................................1-5
1.06 LAYOUTS AND SCHEDULES PROVISIONAL........................................................................1-6
1.07 EXISTING IRRIGATION SYSTEM AND FLOW TO BE MAINTAINED.....................................1-6
1.08 TEMPORARY WORKS....................................................................................................... 1-7
1.09 COFFERDAMS.................................................................................................................. 1-7
1.10 NOTICE OF OPERATIONS................................................................................................. 1-8
1.11 SUPPLIERS OF MATERIALS.............................................................................................. 1-8
1.12 NATURAL MATERIALS..................................................................................................... 1-8
1.13 DISRUPTION OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES...........................................................................1-8
1.14 CLAUSES NOT APPLICABLE............................................................................................. 1-8
1.15 DELAY AND INCREASED COSTS DUE TO FLOODS, WASH-OUT OF ROADS OR IMPASSABLE
ROADS............................................................................................................................ 1-8
1.16 SUPPLY OF FUEL OILS..................................................................................................... 1-8
1.17 GENERAL ITEMS / ENGINEER'S REQUIREMENTS.................................................1-9
1.18 ASSISTANCE TO ENGINEERS STAFF...............................................................................1-10
1.19 STANDARDS AND SUPPLEMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................1-10
1.20 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME.......................................................................................1-11
1.21 REPORTS, MEETINGS AND DATA OF THE WORKS..........................................................1-13
1.21.1 Monthly Report............................................................................................................1-13
1.21.2 Site/Work Meetings.....................................................................................................1-13
1.21.3 Photographs.................................................................................................................1-13
1.21.4 Audits by the Employer...............................................................................................1-13
1.21.5 Measurement and Payment........................................................................................1-14
1.22 PROTECTION OF REAL ESTATE.....................................................................................1-14
1.23 SAFETY MEASURES AND PUBLIC CONVENIENCE...........................................................1-14
1.24 EXISTING CABLES, PIPE-LINES AND WORKS.................................................................1-15
1.24.1 Drawings......................................................................................................................1-15
1.24.2 Information and Instructions.....................................................................................1-15
1.24.3 Precautions..................................................................................................................1-15
1.24.4 Interference with Existing Works...............................................................................1-15
1.25 TEMPORARY FENCING...................................................................................................1-16
1.26 NOTICE BOARD............................................................................................................. 1-16
1.27 CLEAN UP THE SITE...................................................................................................... 1-16
1.28 CONTRACTORS TEMPORARY FACILITIES.....................................................................1-17
1.28.1 Contractors Offices, Workshops, Quarters, etc.........................................................1-17
1.28.2 Laboratory and Laboratory Equipment.....................................................................1-17
1.28.3 Sanitation.....................................................................................................................1-18
1.28.4 Medical Arrangements and First Aid Facilities........................................................1-18
1.28.5 Recreation....................................................................................................................1-18
1.28.6 Fire Protection............................................................................................................1-19
1.28.7 Lighting........................................................................................................................1-19
1.29 CONTRACTORS TRANSPORT.........................................................................................1-19
1.30 CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF TEMPORARY ACCESS ROAD...........................1-19
1.31 DISPOSAL AND CARE OF GROUND/SURFACE WATER, DEWATERING FOUNDATIONS AND
TEMPORARY DIVERSIONS............................................................................................. 1-20
1.31.1 General.........................................................................................................................1-20
1.31.2 Dewatering Foundations.............................................................................................1-21
ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.31.3 Temporary Diversion Works........................................................................................1-21

1.32 EXPLORATORY B ORING AND EXCAVATION OF TEST PITS.................................................1-22
1.33 MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES TO BE NEW AND UNUSED....................................................1-22
1.34 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION WORKS.......................................................................1-22
1.34.1 Borrow/Quarry Sites...................................................................................................1-23
1.34.2 Disposal of Spoil and Construction Waste.................................................................1-24
1.34.3 Provision and Maintenance of Camps, Offices, Stores, Equipment Yards and
Workshops....................................................................................................................1-24
1.34.4 Crushing Plants...........................................................................................................1-24
1.34.5 Hazardous Materials...................................................................................................1-24
1.34.6 Reinstatement of Environment...................................................................................1-25
1.34.8 Existing Settlements and Burial Grounds..................................................................1-25
1.35 INSURANCES.................................................................................................................. 1-25
1.35.1 Insurance of Works.....................................................................................................1-25
1.35.2 Third Party Insurance.................................................................................................1-26
1.35.3 Insurance Against Accident to Workmen...................................................................1-26
1.36 TRAFFIC........................................................................................................................ 1-26
1.36.1 Traffic Safety and Control..........................................................................................1-26
1.37 TEMPORARY DIVERSIONS FOR TRAFFIC........................................................................1-26
1.37.1 Provisions of Diversions.............................................................................................1-26
1.37.2 Survey beacons and Monuments................................................................................1-27
1.37.3 Access to Properties....................................................................................................1-27
1.37.5 Public Services............................................................................................................1-27
1.37.6 Width of Diversions.....................................................................................................1-27
1.37.7 Temporary Drainage Works........................................................................................1-27
1.37.8 Earthworks for Diversion............................................................................................1-27
1.37.9 Maintenance of Diversions.........................................................................................1-27
1.37.10 Removal of Diversions................................................................................................1-28
1.37.11 Measurement and payment.........................................................................................1-28
1.38 MAINTENANCE OF ROAD............................................................................................... 1-28
CHAPTER 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND REMOVAL OF EXISTING

STRUCTURES...............................................................................................2-1
2.1
CLEARING, GRUBBING AND TREE REMOVAL..................................................................2-2
2.1.1
Clearing and Grubbing.................................................................................................2-2
2.1.2
Tree Removal.................................................................................................................2-2
2.2
NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT.........................................................................................2-3
2.3
STRIPPING OF TOP SOIL.................................................................................................. 2-3
2.4
REMOVAL OF EXISTING STRUCTURES.............................................................................2-4
CHAPTER 3 EARTHWORKS........................................................................3-1
3.1
EXCAVATION.................................................................................................................... 3-2
3.1.1
General...........................................................................................................................3-2
3.1.2
Disposal of Excavated Materials..................................................................................3-2
3.1.3
Excavation in Main Canals..........................................................................................3-3
3.1.4
Excavation in Natural Rivers.......................................................................................3-3
3.1.5
Excavation in Drains....................................................................................................3-4
3.1.6
Excavation for Structures.............................................................................................3-4
3.2
EMBANKMENTS............................................................................................................... 3-5
3.2.1
General...........................................................................................................................3-5
3.2.2
Borrow Areas.................................................................................................................3-6
3.2.3
Embankment Construction...........................................................................................3-7
3.2.4
Measurement and Payment..........................................................................................3-8
3.2.5
Field Embankment Tests...............................................................................................3-8
3.2.6
Soil Sampling and Testing............................................................................................3-9
3.3
B ACKFILL FOR STRUCTURES........................................................................................... 3-9
3.4
TOLERANCES................................................................................................................. 3-10
3.5
HAULAGE OF EXCAVATED AND BORROWED MATERIALS MORE THAN 200 M................3-10
3.6
TURFING........................................................................................................................ 3-11
iii

3.6.1
3.6.2
3.6.3
3.6.4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
General.........................................................................................................................3-11
Material........................................................................................................................3-11
Construction.................................................................................................................3-11
Measurement and Payment........................................................................................3-12
CHAPTER 4 GRAVEL METALLING WORKS...............................................4-1

4.1
GENERAL........................................................................................................................ 4-2
4.2
MATERIALS..................................................................................................................... 4-2
4.3
SOURCE OF MATERIAL AND DELIVERY...........................................................................4-2
4.4
STOCKPILING.................................................................................................................. 4-2
4.5
PREPARATION OF FORMATION........................................................................................4-3
4.6
LAYING, AND COMPACTING GRAVEL WEARING COURSE................................................4-3
4.7
WEATHER LIMITATIONS AND DEFECTIVE MATERIAL.....................................................4-4
4.8
Q UALITY CONTROL......................................................................................................... 4-4
4.9
GRADE AND ALIGNMENT CONTROL................................................................................4-4
4.10 TOLERANCES................................................................................................................... 4-4
4.10.1 Tolerances in Surface Levels.........................................................................................4-4
4.10.2 Tolerances in Surface Regularity..................................................................................4-4
4.10.3 Rectification...................................................................................................................4-5
4.11 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT.......................................................................................4-5
CHAPTER 5 CONCRETE WORKS...............................................................5-1

5.1
GENERAL........................................................................................................................ 5-2
5.1.1
Standards and Codes of Practice..................................................................................5-2
5.1.2
Drawings, Calculations and Method Statements........................................................5-2
5.1.3
Costs of Testing and Sampling of Concrete and Concrete Materials........................5-2
5.1.4
Failure to Meet Specified Requirements.....................................................................5-2
5.2
MATERIALS..................................................................................................................... 5-3
5.2.1
Cement...........................................................................................................................5-3
5.2.2
Aggregates.....................................................................................................................5-4
5.2.3
Water..............................................................................................................................5-7
5.2.4
Chemicals in Concrete..................................................................................................5-8
5.2.5
Admixtures.....................................................................................................................5-8
5.3
Concrete Properties/Tests and Placing /Compaction................................................5-10
5.3.1
Concrete Properties and Tests....................................................................................5-10
5.3.2
Placing and Compaction.............................................................................................5-16
5.3.3
Measurement and Payment of Concrete....................................................................5-21
5.4
PLUM CONCRETE.......................................................................................................... 5-22
5.5
FORMWORK.................................................................................................................. 5-22
5.5.1
General.........................................................................................................................5-22
5.5.2
Materials for Formwork..............................................................................................5-23
5.5.4
Dimensional Tolerances..............................................................................................5-24
5.5.5
Cleaning and Re-using of Shuttering........................................................................5-24
5.5.6
Removal of Forms.......................................................................................................5-24
5.5.7
Finishing of Concrete.................................................................................................5-25
5.5.8
Measurement and Payment........................................................................................5-26
5.6
REINFORCEMENT STEEL...............................................................................................5-26
5.6.1
Material and Tests.......................................................................................................5-26
5.6.2
Storage of Steel Reinforcement..................................................................................5-27
5.6.3
Preparation of Reinforcement Drawings...................................................................5-27
5.6.4
Bending of Steel Reinforcement................................................................................5-27
5.6.5
Placing Reinforcement Steel......................................................................................5-28
5.6.6
Splicing of Reinforcement Steel.................................................................................5-28
5.6.7
Cover to Reinforcement Steel.....................................................................................5-29
5.6.8
Measurement and Payment of Reinforcement Steel.................................................5-29
5.7
STEEL CONSTRUCTION AND OTHER ITEMS TO BE CAST-IN..........................................5-30
5.8
PRE-CAST CONCRETE UNITS.........................................................................................5-30
5.8.1
General.........................................................................................................................5-30
5.8.2
Pre-cast Construction Alternative..............................................................................5-31
5.8.3
Pre-casting of Concrete Units....................................................................................5-31
5.8.4
Perforated Pre-cast PCC Pipes..................................................................................5-32
5.9
JOINTS........................................................................................................................... 5-34
iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS
5.9.1
General.........................................................................................................................5-34
5.10 PVC WATERSTOPS........................................................................................................ 5-36
5.10.1 Scope............................................................................................................................5-36
5.10.2 Material........................................................................................................................5-36
5.10.3 Workmanship...............................................................................................................5-36
5.11 DOWEL BARS................................................................................................................ 5-37
5.12 JOINT FILLER................................................................................................................ 5-37
5.13 JOINT SEALER............................................................................................................... 5-38
5.14 B ITUMEN JOINT COATING.............................................................................................5-38
CHAPTER 6 PROTECTION WORKS............................................................6-1

6.1
STONE WORKS................................................................................................................ 6-2
6.1.1
Materials........................................................................................................................6-2
6.1.2
Dry Stone Pitching........................................................................................................6-2
6.1.3
Rubble Boulder Apron / Rip Rap Stone.......................................................................6-2
6.2
GABION MATTRESSES..................................................................................................... 6-3
6.2.1
Materials........................................................................................................................6-3
6.2.2
Construction of Gabions...............................................................................................6-3
6.2.3
Testing............................................................................................................................6-5
6.2.4
6.3
CONCRETE B LOCK PITCHING.........................................................................................6-6
6.3.1
Materials........................................................................................................................6-6
6.3.2
6.4
GEO-TEXTILES................................................................................................................ 6-6
6.5
GRAVEL FILTER.............................................................................................................. 6-7
CHAPTER 7 METAL WORKS........................................................................7-1

7.1
GENERAL........................................................................................................................ 7-2
7.1.1
Standards of Materials and Workmanship...................................................................7-2
7.1.2
Welding...........................................................................................................................7-2
7.1.3
Weldable Structural Steel..............................................................................................7-2
7.1.4
Plate, Sheet and Strip....................................................................................................7-3
7.1.5
Steel Forging.................................................................................................................7-3
7.1.6
Testing Steel...................................................................................................................7-3
7.1.7
Dimensions of Standard Rolled Steel Sections............................................................7-3
7.1.8
Nuts and Bolts...............................................................................................................7-3
7.1.9
Fixing and Building-in.................................................................................................7-4
7.2
PROTECTION OF METALWORK........................................................................................7-5
7.2.1
Galvanising....................................................................................................................7-5
7.2.2
Shearadising..................................................................................................................7-5
7.2.3
Shop Cleaning and Painting.........................................................................................7-5
7.2.4
Supply of Paint and Painting at Site............................................................................7-6
7.2.5
Paint...............................................................................................................................7-6
7.2.6
Painting during Erection..............................................................................................7-7
7.3
HANDRAIL FOR STRUCTURES..........................................................................................7-8
7.4
ALUMINIUM STAFF GAUGING PLATE..............................................................................7-8
7.5
TRASH RACK................................................................................................................... 7-9
7.6
EMBEDDED METALWORKS.............................................................................................. 7-9
7.7
METAL LADDER AND STEP............................................................................................7-10
7.8
GALVANIZED OPEN STEEL FLOORING INCLUDING SUPPORTING STEEL WORK AND FIXING 10
7.9
STEEL PLATES TO AS COVERS TO PRESSURE RELIEF MANHOLES (750*550*12MM ).......7-11
7.10 PERFORATED STEEL PLATES TO FISH PASS ( 2000MM *1200MM *12 MM )....................7-11
7.11 FLEXIBLE NEOPRENE FLAP VALVE................................................................................7-11
7.12 THREADED CAP IN STAINLESS STEEL SOCKET FOR 110 MM DIA PIPES...........................7-11
7.13 GATE VALVE, PIPE WORK AND OTHER ARRANGEMENT TO FISH PASS.............................7-12
CHAPTER 8 WATER CONTROL EQUIPMENT............................................8-1

8.1
GATES AND GATE HARDWARE.........................................................................................8-2
8.1.1
Design, Drawing and Data...........................................................................................8-2
8.1.2
Design to Suit Climate..................................................................................................8-2

8.1.3
8.1.4
8.1.5
8.1.6
8.1.7
8.1.8
8.1.9
8.1.10
8.1.11
8.1.12
8.1.13
8.1.14
8.1.15
8.1.16
8.1.17
8.1.18
8.1.19
8.1.20
8.1.21
8.1.22
8.1.23
8.1.24
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Materials, Stresses and Workmanship..........................................................................8-2

Minimum Thickness......................................................................................................8-2
Gate Design....................................................................................................................8-3
Framing and Gear Supporting Members.....................................................................8-3
Gate................................................................................................................................8-3
Operating Gear..............................................................................................................8-3
Bolted Joints..................................................................................................................8-4
Field Connections.........................................................................................................8-4
Standardisation and Maintenance...............................................................................8-4
Advance Delivery of Anchor Members, etc.................................................................8-5
Preparation and Storage of Bolts.................................................................................8-5
Packing and Marking...................................................................................................8-5
Erection at Place of Manufacture................................................................................8-5
Inspection at Place of Manufacture.............................................................................8-6
Instructions for Site Erection.......................................................................................8-6
Operating and Maintenance Manuals.........................................................................8-6
Spare Parts, Special Tools, etc.....................................................................................8-6
Storage of Fabricated Metalwork.................................................................................8-7
Erection of Metalwork..................................................................................................8-7
Testing after Erection....................................................................................................8-7
Painting of Gates...........................................................................................................8-7
8.2
WHEEL AND AXLE TYPE LIFTING GATES FOR INTAKE AND F LUSHING SLUICE STRUCTURES.....8-8
8.2.1
General...........................................................................................................................8-8
8.2.2
Embedded Parts.............................................................................................................8-8
8.2.3
Gates, Wheel and Axles.................................................................................................8-9
8.2.4
Operating Gear and Platforms.....................................................................................8-9
CHAPTER 9 MISCELLANEOUS WORKS

9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
UPVC
PIPE...................................................................................................................... 9-2
PVC PIPE FOR WEEP HOLES..........................................................................................9-2
PVC PIPE FOR DRAINS................................................................................................... 9-3
B EARING PLATE FOR SLAB B RIDGE................................................................................9-3
AUTOMATIC MECHANICAL WATER LEVEL RECORDERS INCLUDING LOCKABLE,
WATERPROOF CABINETS AND ALL FITTINGS...................................................................9-3
WATER LEVEL DEVICE ON BRIDGE ABUTMENT..............................................................9-3
CHAPTER 10 ENGINEERS REQUIREMENTS

10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
9-1
10-1
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COMPLEX..................................................................10-2

GATE KEEPER HOUSES.................................................................................................. 10-2
SURVEY EQUIPMENT FOR THE ENGINEER.....................................................................10-3
SUPPLY OF TRANSPORT FOR THE ENGINEER AND THE EMPLOYER................................10-3
SUPPLY AND INSTALMENT OF MOVABLE TELEPHONE SYSTEM........................................10-4
PROCUREMENT OF PROJECT FACILITIES.......................................................................10-5
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT.....................................................................................10-5
SECTION
IX
BILL OF QUANTITIES....................................................IX-1
A.
PREAMBLE
...................................................................................IX-3
B.
DAYWORKS SCHEDULE
C.
BILLS
...................................................... IX-5
.........................................................................................IX-7
vi

D.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SAMPLE FORM FOR UNIT RATE ANALYSIS.................IX-19
vii

CHAPTER 1
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1-1

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.01 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are used in this specification :
km
m
mm
ha
m2, sq.m
mm2
m3,
No
%
0
C
kg
N
kN
ISO
Kilometre
metre
millimeter
hectare
square metre
Square millimeter
cubic metre
number
per cent
degree Centigrade
kilogram
newton
kilonewton
International Standard
Organization
lin
cu.
sq.
g
t
l
ml
s
min
NS
BS
IS
CP
ASTM
linear
cubic
square
gram
tonne
litre
milliliter
second
minute
Nepal Standard
British Standard
Indian Standard
British Code of Practice
American Society
for testing and Materials
US $
VM
Currency of USA
Vehicle Month
NRs
Nepalese Currency
1.02 Brief Description of the Works

The Sikta Irrigation Project lies in Banke District in the Terai of the Mid-Western
Development Region of Nepal, some 500 km west of Kathmandu generally as shown in
Drawing Nr SIP/HW/ICB/01. The works mainly comprise the construction of
Headworks for the irrigation of 34,000 ha of land in Banke District. The headworks will
be constructed at Agaiya, nearly 20 km west from Kohalpur and located adjacent to the
East West Highway.
The construction works include
A reinforced concrete structure for the construction of 317 m long diversion

barrage comprising a bridge across the Rapti River at Agaiya, Banke.
Guidebunds of about one km length made of earthworks in filling and gabion
along the both banks of the Rapti River in the upstream and downstream of the
Headworks at Agaiya.
RCC head regulators on right and left banks of the Rapti River offtaking 62.5
cumecs and 2.5 cumecs respectively to be constructed at Agaiya.
A settling basin of about 625 m length with concrete bed and side walls to be
constructed at Agaiya.
Bank Protection Works, and RCC barrel structures for 5 numbers of drainage
crossing, to be constructed at Agaiya of Banke District.
1.03 Ambient Conditions

The annual climatic cycle consists of the dry season from November to May, the wet
season being the remaining months of the year. Shade temperature will normally vary
between 5O and 40OC. Annual rainfall in Nepalgunj is around 1329mm, most of which
falls as intense rain during the wet season. Humidity in monsoon is as high as 80 100
%.
1-2

1.04 Drawings
1.04.1 Bidding Drawings
The drawings provided in Volume III of the Bidding Documents shows the general features
of the Headworks and related structures. Additional drawings may be delivered to the
Contractor prior to the commencement of the works in accordance with Clause 14.1 of the
Conditions of Contract Programme to be submitted. The Contractor shall prepare
construction and/or shop drawings as stipulated in Sub-Clause 1.04.3 of these
Specifications.
1.04.2 Additional Drawings
The drawings attached to the Bidding Documents (hereinafter referred to as Bidding
Drawings) accompany and form part of the Contract Documents. In addition to the
Bidding Drawings, Additional Drawings may be delivered by the Engineer to the Contractor
and such drawings shall thereupon become part of the Contract.
During the progress of the work, Additional Drawings will be issued by the Engineer
prior to commencement of the Works and as necessity arises to supplement and/or
supersede the Bidding Drawings, and such Additional Drawings shall thereupon become
part of the Contract.
The Contractor shall be governed by figures and dimensions as given on the drawings.
Where required dimensions are not shown, the Contractor shall obtain such dimensions
from the Engineer before proceeding with the construction of the portion of the Works to
which they refer. In every case, detailed drawings shall take precedence of general drawings.
The Contractor shall scrutinise such drawings and such further drawings issued from time to
time to the Contractor. If any ambiguity, discrepancy or mistake is found in the drawings, the
same shall be referred to the Engineer before proceeding with the works, and the Engineers
decision on resolving such ambiguity, discrepancy or mistake shall be final, conclusive and
binding.
1.04.3 Drawings and Calculations to be furnished by the Contractor
Unless otherwise stated in the Contract, the Contractor shall prepare drawings for all
Temporary Works to be constructed or supplied and installed by the Contractor or his
Sub-Contractor.
The Bidding Drawings and the Additional Drawings delivered by the Engineer will not
always be detailed enough for performance of the works. They will show many works
only in typical forms supplemented by tables of dimensions. The Contractor shall at his
own expense prepare detailed Construction Drawings of the individual works (hereinafter
referred to as Construction Drawings) based on the Bidding Drawings and the
Additional Drawings as needed for performance of the works. All Construction Drawings
prepared by the Contractor shall be submitted to the Engineer for his approval.
If required by the Engineer, the Contractor shall also submit calculations to the Engineer
for his approval. The drawings submitted by the Contractor shall be clear and complete.
The recommendable scales of the drawings are 1:1,000, 1:100, 1:50, 1:20, 1:10, 1:5, 1:2 or
1:1 depending upon the type of drawing and/or details which have to be drawn. Drawings
shall be of standard sizes as required by the Engineer.
1-3

In addition to the above, the Contractor shall at his own expense prepare reinforcement
drawings based on the drawings supplied by the Employer/Engineer as needed for the
performance of the works. These reinforcement drawings shall include such bar placing
drawings, bar-bending drawings, bar list and any other reinforcement drawings as may be
required to facilitate fabrication and placement of reinforcement bars. All reinforcement
drawings prepared by the Contractor shall be submitted to the Engineer for his approval.
For all sections of the work to be executed under the Contract, the Contractor shall
submit detailed drawings to the Engineer for his approval, including working drawings,
shop drawings and specifications. The Contractor shall submit these drawings in four (4)
copies to the Engineer for approval unless otherwise specified, and these drawings shall
be sufficiently detailed to show:
(a) The general arrangement and dimensions of all the parts and the size of each and
every part of the works to be executed under the Contract.
(b) The nature of the materials from which various parts are to be made, and
(c) Details of all construction.
Fabrication, manufacture or construction of any part of the works shall not commence
until the drawings have been approved in writing by the Engineer, and thereafter no
change shall be made to any drawings so approved without permission of the Engineer.
Subsequent changes shall be reported by sending another set of four (4) or specified
number of copies of each revised drawing to the Engineer for approval. The approval of
Contractors drawings by the Engineer shall not relieve the Contractor from any of his
liabilities or responsibilities under the Contract.
The Engineer shall check or review the drawings submitted by the Contractor and shall
return them with comments or approval within fourteen (14) days from the date of
submission by the Contractor. If re-submission of the drawings is required by the Engineer,
the Contractor shall re-submit them after necessary modifications and corrections until the
approval of the Engineer is obtained. In the event of disagreement with alteration, the
Contractor shall send a written notice to the Engineer within 7 days after receiving the
altered drawing(s).
From the approved drawings and calculations, four paper copies and one reproducible
copy of each set shall be submitted to the Engineer.
1.04.4 Right to Change Design and Drawings
When additional information regarding foundation or conditions become available as a
result of excavation work and further testing, and if found desirable to make changes in
the alignment, cross-sections, dimensions or design to conform to such conditions, the
Employer/Engineer reserves the right to make the necessary or desirable changes to the
opinion of the Engineer.
1.04.5 As-Built Drawings
The Contractor shall submit whole sets of As-Built Drawings of the completed Works,
one (1) set comprising one (1) negative drawings of high quality reproducible polyester
transparent Mylar film (or similar material) from which clear copy can be made and
three (3) clearly printed drawings along with two sets of CD, to the Employer before the
expiration of Defect Liability Period.
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The As-Built Drawings shall clearly show the lines and dimensions of the permanent
construction actually made based on the original design and/or change of design from
time to time ordered by the Engineer or proposed by the Contractor and approved by the
Engineer.
1.04.6 Measurement and Payment
No separate payment shall be made for preparation of all construction drawings,
reinforcement drawings, working drawings and shop drawings, drawing details, etc., to
be prepared by the Contractor and submitted to the Engineer and/or the Employer in
accordance with the provisions of the Contract, except for provision of As-Built
Drawings.
All costs including Contractor's margin, overhead, taxes, etc, incurred by the Contractor
to provide and submit As-Built Drawings shall be deemed to be included in the lump
sum price for item K-10 of the Bill of Quantities.
1.05 Setting-Out and Survey of the Works
The Contractor shall re-survey the Base Lines, Traverse Points, Bench Marks and confirm
the co-ordinates and levels of the Stations before using them for setting out the Works. The
Contractor shall immediately notify the Engineer of any discrepancies and shall agree
with the Engineer any amended values to be used in the Contract, including replacement
of any Stations missing from the original location.
The Contractor shall employ well-qualified and experienced surveyors for the execution
of survey and setting-out works. The instruments to be used shall be of a make and type
suitable for the intended works and shall be subject to Engineers approval.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the setting-out centre-lines, longitudinal and
cross sections of the ground, and position of the structures in accordance with the
drawings, and any other setting-out work necessary for the execution of the Works.
Before commencing the works for structures, drains etc, the Contractor shall survey and
take levels for longitudinal profile and cross sections along the routes/locations in which
the works are to be executed out at his own expenses. The Contractor shall use
benchmarks approved by the Engineer for such survey works. The surface levels so
determined shall be subject to the approved surface levels.
The demarcation of right-of-way and all-necessary preparation connected with it shall be
carried out by the Employer.
Along structures, drains, or combination thereof and roads, the Contractor shall install
temporary benchmarks at intervals of 250m. Their distance from the centre-line shall be
as instructed by the Engineer. The difference in double-levelling as executed for the
levelling of the temporary benchmarks shall not exceed 5 mm times the square root of the
length of the circuit in km. Ground levels shall be taken jointly by the contractor and the
Engineer's representative both prior to commencing and after completion of earth works.
The Contractor shall level and draw the followings for all structures canal, drains, bunds
and roads:
-
longitudinal section
cross-sections at an interval not exceeding 25 m before and after the execution of
the Works. The formation level shall be taken as reference while cross-sections shall
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cover at least a width as necessary for the Works to be constructed, including related
earthworks.
All field-books, calculations, maps, etc. of the survey activities shall be handed over to
the Engineer, immediately after the completion of the survey. All field data, derived from
the survey activities, entered in the field-books that are handed over to the Engineer, shall
also be entered into EXCEL spreadsheet or a compatible spreadsheet in a format
approved by the Engineer. The data shall be submitted on a CD.
No separate payment shall be made to the Contractor for the works to be carried out
under this Sub-Clause.
1.06 Layouts and Schedules Provisional
The locations, levels and dimensions as shown on the Drawings or given in the design
data or structure schedules are subject to amendment. The Contractor will be required to
undertake surveys for confirmation of alignment and levels of approach channels, flood
embankments, and river bank protection, as detailed in Chapter 6. Details of any such
amendment or confirmation of the original design will be given by the Engineer or the
Engineer's Representative during the course of construction.
1.07 Existing Irrigation System and Flow to be Maintained
The Contractor shall provide all Temporary Works and do all things which may be
necessary to maintain those parts of the existing irrigation and drainage system which
may be affected by these operations in a condition not less satisfactory than they were
prior to the commencement of the Works and shall maintain the normal irrigation
supplies therein except when written permission to vary the supplies has been obtained
from the Engineer.
When ordered by the Engineer the Contractor shall make connections and carry out such
other works as may be necessary to transfer the supply of irrigation water between the
existing system of canals and the system constructed under the contract. The Contractor
shall submit to the Engineer his detailed proposals for carrying out this work.
The Contractor shall not start the work without the written approval of the Engineer and
the cost of all such Temporary Works and all other charges arising from compliance with
this Clause shall be deemed to be included in the Contract Rates.
1.08 Temporary Works
Not less than fourteen days before commencing any portion of the Works, the Contractor,
if ordered, shall submit to the Engineer for his approval complete drawings of all
Temporary Works the Contractor may require for the construction of that part of the
Works.
Notwithstanding approval by the Engineer of any design for the Temporary Works the
Contractor shall be entirely responsible for their efficiency, security and maintenance and
for all obligations and risks in regard to such temporary Works which are specified or
implied in the Contract.
Except where specific items are provided in the Bill of Quantities, the cost of all
Temporary Works of every description, including de-watering, temporary diversions of
canals, drains, roads, and all services shall be included in the Contracts' Rates.
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1.09 Cofferdams
The term "cofferdam" denotes any temporary or removable structure, constructed to hold
the surrounding earth, water, or both, out of the excavation, whether such structure is
constructed of earth, timber, steel, concrete or any combinations of these. The term
includes earth dikes, timber cribs, sheet piling, removable steel shells and all bracing;
and it shall be understood to include excavation enclosed by pumping wells and well
points. The cost of cofferdams is always to be included as part of the bid price for the
structure.
The Contractor shall submit, upon request of the Engineer, Drawings showing his
proposed method of cofferdam construction. Approval of the Drawings by the Engineer
will not in any way relieve the Contractor of the responsibility for the adequacy of the
design for strength and stability or for the safety of the people working therein.
The interior dimensions of cofferdams shall be such as to give sufficient clearance for the
construction and removal of any required forms and the inspection of the interior and to
permit pumping outside the forms.
Material deposited within the stream area from foundations or other excavations shall be
removed if, in the opinion of the Engineer, it obstructs the stream channels.
Unless otherwise provided, cofferdams shall be removed after the completion of the substructure. The removal shall be effected in such a manner as not disturb or mar the
finished work. The Engineer may order the Contractor to leave any part or the whole or
the cofferdam in place.
When conditions are encountered which, in the opinion of the Engineer, render it
impractical to de-water the foundation before placing the footing, the Engineer may
require the construction of a concrete foundation or seal of such dimensions as he may
consider necessary, and of such thickness as to resist any possible uplift. the concrete for
such a seal shall be placed as shown in the Drawings or required by the Engineer. The
foundation shall then be de-watered and the footing placed.
Cofferdams shall be constructed so as to protect newly-cast concrete from suddenly
rising water and to prevent damage to the foundation by erosion.
1.10 Notice of Operations
The Contractor shall give full and complete written notice of all important operations,
including setting out, to the Engineer sufficiently in advance to enable the Engineer to
make such arrangements as the Engineer may consider necessary for inspection and for
any other purpose. The Contractor shall not start any important operation without the
written approval of the Engineer.
1.11 Suppliers of Materials
Before ordering a material for any description intended for the Permanent Works, the
Contractor shall submit for the approval of the Engineer the name of the maker or
supplier proposed and details of the place of origin and specification of the material. If
requested by Engineer, the Contractor shall supply to the Engineer for his retention a
copy of any such order place.
1.12 Natural Materials
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The Contractor shall make all arrangements for locating, selecting and processing
natural materials to comply with the Specification and shall submit to the Engineer for
approval full information regarding the proposed location well in advance of
commencement of working of the materials. Approval of a source does not imply that all
material in that source is approved.
1.13 Disruption of Local Communities
The Contractor shall take all measures necessary to avoid nuisance and disruption to
local communities. In particular the Contractor shall ensure no damage is done to crops,
pasture or woodland and outside the area for which the Engineer's approval for land
clearance has been given, that all irrigation supplies to such areas are maintained and
that the Contractor's operations do not cause flooding or pollution hazards.
1.14 Clauses Not Applicable
Any Clause in the Specification which relates to work or materials not required by the
Bill of Quantities or subsequently ordered in accordance with Clause 51 of the
Conditions of Contract shall be deemed not to apply.
1.15 Delay and Increased Costs Due to Floods, Wash-out of Roads or Impassable
Roads
Notwithstanding Clause 44 of the Conditions of Contract no extension of time or
increase in the Contract Rates shall be granted to the Contractor if he is delayed or
impeded in the completion of the Works or involved in additional costs by flood, high
river water levels, wash-out of roads or tracks or impassable roads.
1.16 Supply of Fuel Oils
The Contractor shall be responsible for arranging and ensuring that adequate supplies of
high speed diesel oil, motor spirits, kerosene, lubricants and other petroleum produces
are available at all times to meet his requirements for the purposes of or in connection
with the contract; the Contractor's particular attention is drawn to this requirements as
from time to time shortages and interruptions in the supply of fuel oils, etc occur in the
region.
1.17 General Items / Engineer's Requirements
Provisional Sums have been allowed for the payment of costs associated with the
provision, furnishing, equipping and maintenance of offices, laboratories and
accommodation for the engineer; provision of vehicles, generators, and supply of fuel,
insurance, maintenance, repair and servicing for these vehicles and for existing
Engineer's transport; and, provision, insurance maintenance, repair or replacement of
office, communications, and survey equipment.
All costs including Contractors margin, overhead, taxes etc, incurred by the Contractor
to provide, construct, supply, fabricate, erect, instal in accordance with the specifications
mentioned elsewhere, shall be deemed to be included in the rates/price quoted in the Bill
of Quantities of the respective items. No Contractors margin and overhead shall be
provided for the items for which the provisional sums have been allocated in the Bill of
Quantities. All facilities shall be ready for occupation by the Engineer within three
months after receiving the instruction. During this period, the Contractor shall provide
temporary accommodation to the Engineer's satisfaction in the vicinity of the works.
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The additional facilities shall be constructed as directed by the Engineer to the full
satisfaction of the Engineer on land provided by the Employer. The contractor shall,
before commencing the erection of the buildings, submit drawings showing plans,
construction principles, materials and a proposal for the arrangement of the major
laboratory equipment. Materials and workmanship shall be to the best recognized
standards for permanent buildings of this type. All vehicles, equipment and furniture
shall be new and unused when initially put in place.
The Contractor shall provide competent drivers to the approval of the Engineer. The
Contractor shall provide all fuel, lubricants etc. and shall license, insure (as detailed
below), service and maintain the vehicles in a roadworthy state. The Contractor shall be
obliged to have ready access to spare parts appropriate to the number, type and duty of
the vehicles supplied. If in the opinion of the Engineer the Contractor should default in
this respect and deprive the Engineer of use of vehicle(s) made unserviceable by normal
use in the conditions and demands of the site, the Contractor shall provide suitable
alternative transport to the approval of the Engineer. If the Contractor fails to provide
this service the Engineer shall be entitled to withhold the issue of Payment Certificate
until the service is resumed.
Insurance for vehicles must be comprehensive and include :
(i)
cover for the Engineer and his staff driving the vehicle;
(ii)
usage on the business of the Engineer and his staff;
(iii)
liability to third parties (including passengers whether the Engineer, his staff or
others) for an unlimited indemnity in respect of death or personal injury and for the
maximum indemnity reasonable obtainable in respect of loss, destruction or damage to
property.
The Contractor shall repossess the vehicles at the end of the Defects Liability Period or
earlier if ordered by the Engineer.
The facilities and contents, equipment, furniture, vehicles and survey equipment, except
those items provided by the Contractor for the proper maintenance of the facilities, will
become the property of the Department of Irrigation unless otherwise provided in the
Contract Documents.
Temporary offices required in accordance with the works shall be erected, dismantled,
moved and re-erected elsewhere from time-to-time as directed by the Engineer.
1.18 Assistance to Engineers Staff
The Contractor shall render all necessary assistance to the Engineers staff and shall
provide and maintain sufficient number of pegs, poles, paints, survey equipment and
tools, straight edges, stagings, moulds, templates, profiles and all other requisites for
checking the Contractors setting-out and the measurement of the Works.
The Contractor shall provide such full time or part time surveyors as may be required.
The cost of all labourers, surveyors, survey equipment and tools, and materials required
by the Engineer and his staff for checking the setting-out and the measurement of the
Works shall be covered by the Contractors expense and no separate payment shall be
made thereof.
1.19 Standards and Supplemental Specifications
Unless otherwise stated in the Contract, all workmanship, materials, and equipment shall
comply with the relevant American, British, German, Nepal and Indian Standard or Code
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of Practice current on the date fixed for receipt of bids. A copy of each relevant Codes
shall be supplied by the contractor within 28 days from the dates of commencement of
work.
Whenever in these documents references are made to particular reference standards or
abbreviations thereof, their meaning shall be as listed below and copies of such standards
shall be obtained at the Contractors expense from the particular organisation at the
address given:
AASHTO
American Association of State Highway and Transportation

Officials, Suite 341 National Press Building, Washington D.C.,
2004, U.S.A.
ACI
American Concrete Institute, P.O. Box 4754 Redford Station,

Detroit, MI 48219, U.S.A.
AISC
American Institute of Steel Construction, 101 Park Avenue, New

York, NY 10017, U.S.A.
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St,

Philadelphia, PA 19103, U.S.A.
AWS
American Welding Society, Inc. 2501 N.W. 7th St., Miami, FL

33125, U.S.A.
AWWA
American Water Works Association, 6666 West Quincy Avenue,

Denver, Colorado 80235, U.S.A.
BSI
British Standards Institution

101 Pantonville Road
London NI 9ND, England
DIN
Deutsche Industrie Norm

(German Industry Standard)
DNA
Deutsche Norrnenausschuss
Beuth-Vertrieb, Berlin 30
Koln, Federal Republic of Germany
ISO
International Organisation for Standardisation

1 Rue Devaremble, Geneva, Switzerland
SSPC
Steel Structures Painting Council,

Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.A.
U.S. Fed. Spec.
United States Federal Specifications

Sales (3FRI) Building 197, Washington,
Navy Yard General Services Administration
Washington, D.C. 20407, U.S.A.
USBR
United States Bureau of Reclamation

Superintendent of Documents
U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20.402, U.
1-10
4400
Fifth Avenue.,

Wherever reference is made in the Contract to specific standards and codes to be met by
the materials, Plant, and other supplies to be furnished, and work performed or tested,
the provisions of the latest current edition or revision of the relevant standards and codes
in effect shall apply, unless otherwise expressly stated in the contract. Where such
standards and codes are national, or relate to a particular country or region, other
authoritative standards which ensure a substantially equal or higher performance than the
standards and codes specified will be accepted subject to the Engineers prior review and
written approval. Differences between the standards specified and the proposed
alternative standards must be fully described in writing by the Contractor and submitted
to the Engineer at least 28 days prior to the date when the Contractor desires the
Engineers approval. In the event the Engineer determines that such proposed deviations
do not ensure substantially equal performance, the Contractor shall comply with the
standards specified in the documents.
No separate payment shall be made to the Contractor for complying with this SubClause.
1.20 Construction Programme
Within twenty-eight (28) days from the date of Letter of Acceptance the Contractor shall
submit to the Engineer for approval a complete and practicable construction programme
showing the orderly performance of the Works. The Contractor shall note that the detailed
design will be annually completed prior to commencement of construction works to be
executed in the next working season. The Construction Programme shall show in detail the
proposed method of operations, including purchase and delivery of materials and
equipment, as well as the construction. The Construction Programme shall show in a bar
chart each major item of the Works and the Temporary Works on separate horizontal lines,
sequence of operation and the period required for the completion of each activity. The
Construction Programme shall when approved by the Engineer become a part of the
Contract.
In amplification of the requirements in Sub-Clause 14.1 of the Conditions of Contract, the
particulars supplied by the Contractor with the programme shall include the following
details:
(a) a statement giving the numbers and categories of supervisory and technical staff and
skilled/unskilled labour to be employed on the Works;
(b) a list and type/details of Contractors Equipment (including vehicles) which the
Contractor proposes to employ on the Works stating whether they are to be acquired
from inside or outside Nepal, including programmed dates for order and delivery;
(c) a list detailing the purchase and delivery of materials and Plant from both inside and
outside Nepal;
(d) details of the Contractors methods of working for all operations including construction by
sequence. The programme shall also indicate the proposed temporary flow diversions and
arrangements for de-watering illustrating the sequence of various critical stages of
construction;
(e) a statement and outline layout giving the proposals for location or locations and
sizes of constructional camps, accommodation, offices, workshops and stores at the
Site; and
(f) details of the programme for the construction of the works from the date of receipt
of the Notice to Commence, including a complete resource allocation showing the
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number of units and allotted times for each unit of Contractors Equipment, Plant,
materials and labour allocated for each part of the works.
The construction programme shall be reviewed and revised if necessary at intervals of not more
than six (6) months. In addition, the Contractor shall immediately advise the Engineer of any
proposed changes in the Construction Programme. The Contractor shall prepare such
programme by the Critical Path Method (CPM) or the Programme Evaluation and Review
Technique (PERT) or by a similar type of construction scheduling. The Construction
Programme and the revised Construction Programme shall include a schedule of anticipated
monthly earnings during, the construction period.
The Contractor shall submit the revised programme within 21 days from the date of the
instruction from the Engineer.
No separate payment shall be made to the Contractor for complying with this Sub-Clause.
1.21 Reports, Meetings and Data of the Works

1.21.1 Monthly Report
The Contractor shall furnish to the Engineer, at the Contractors own costs, at regular
monthly interval and in a form and number of copies determined by the Engineer, with
the followings:
(i)
physical progress for the preceding month and estimated progress for the report
month;
(ii) completion schedules (target and actual) based on the approved Construction
Programme as provided in Sub-Clause 14.1 of the Conditions of Contract;
(iii) estimated expenditures for the report month;
(iv) inventory of construction equipment and materials on which an advance was made
by the Employer as provided in the Conditions of Contract;
(v) a tabulation of construction equipment, listing the major items and pieces of
equipment which were utilised for performance of the Works during the preceding
month;
(vi) a tabulation of employees, showing the supervisory staff and the numbers of several
classes of labourers employed by the Contractor in the preceding month;
(vii) purchase and expenditure report covering the Plant and materials furnished by the
Contractor for the Works; and
viii) any report which may be specifically requested by the Employer and/or the Engineer.
1.21.2 Site/Work Meetings
The Contractor shall attend all the Site/Work Meetings called by the Engineer.
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1.21.3 Photographs
The Contractor shall make all arrangements to provide photographs in albums, but not
pasted, showing the work progress and shall promptly supply one negative, one
electronic copy and four printed copies of such photographs, larger than 8 cm x 12 cm in
size, of such portions of the works in progress and/or completed as may be directed by
the Engineer. Each print shall contain on its back the date and title of the view taken. The
negative of the photographs shall be property of the Employer and no prints from those
negatives shall be supplied to any persons without the approval of the Engineer.
1.21.4 Audits by the Employer
The Contractor shall note that the Employer shall be entitled at its discretion to conduct
audits in respect to:
(a) costs incurred in the event of termination; and
(b) any other costs that the Contractor claims from the Employer which are not
specifically covered by the terms of the Contract.
The Contractor shall be obliged to keep accurate up-to-date accounts with records
concerning the above items.
No separate payment shall be made for preparation of all documents, correspondence,
returns and reports etc., to be prepared by the Contractor and submitted to the Engineer
and/or the Employer in accordance with the provisions of the Contract, except for
provision of photographs. These photographs shall be the property of the Employer.
to provide and submit photographs in accordance with this Sub-Clause shall be deemed
to be included in the unit rate per set for Item No. K-9 of the Bill of Quantities.
1.22 Protection of Real Estate
The Contractor shall control the movement of his crews and equipment on right-of-way
including access routes approved by the Engineer so as to minimise damage to crops and
property and shall endeavour to avoid marring the lands. Ruts and scars shall be
obliterated and damage to land shall be corrected and the land shall be restored as neatly
as practicable to its original conditions.
The Contractor shall be responsible directly to the Employer for any excessive or
unnecessary damage to crops or lands resulting from the Contractors operations whether
on lands adjacent to right-of-way or on approved access roads and deductions shall be
made from payment due to Contractor to cover the amount of such excessive or
unnecessary damage as determined by the Engineer.
No separate payment shall be made to the Contractor for complying with the stipulations
of this Sub-Clause.
1.23 Safety Measures and Public Convenience
The Contractor shall provide necessary protection for all persons and properties at all
times. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for his approval a Safety Manual
1-13

with full details of safe construction methods. The Contractor shall comply with the
stipulations of the safe construction methods specified in the Safety Manual, to the
extent that such provisions do not conflict with the applicable laws. The Contractor shall
take all necessary measures to protect the work and prevent accidents during the
construction. He shall provide and maintain sufficient night-lights, barricades, guards,
temporary sidewalks, temporary bridges, danger signals, watchmen and necessary
alliances and safeguards to properly protect life and property. He shall also protect all
excavations, equipment and materials so that the public are not be endangered.
The Contractor shall conduct his operations so as to give the least possible obstruction
and inconvenience to traffic. Where existing access road or footpaths are not available
for detours, traffic shall be permitted to pass through the work with as little delay and
inconvenience as possible, unless otherwise authorised by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall also at all times provide convenient access for all entrances to
property abutting the Site and shall maintain them in a clean and tidy position.
No separate payment shall be made to the Contractor in complying with the provisions of
this Sub-Clause.
1.24 Existing Cables, Pipe-Lines and Works
1.24.1 Drawings
Drawings with existing power, and pipe-line systems within the Contract area are not
enclosed in the Contract Documents. Arrangements for a meeting with the relevant
authorities concerning the collecting of data of the systems will be made either by the
Employer or by the Engineer. The Contractor and representatives of the relevant authorities
shall be present in this meeting. Drawings and/or relevant information with an indication of
cables and/or pipe-lines will be made available to the Contractor as far as these cables
and/or pipe-lines are directly situated within the Contract area. The Contractor shall send a
written request to the Engineer before the Commencement of Works in case this meeting is
not arranged.
1.24.2 Information and Instructions
Full information and instructions of measures to be taken before and during the execution
of the Works, if there are any cable and/or pipe-line systems within the area, will be
submitted by the Employer or the Engineer in co-operation with the relevant authorities. In
this case, the Contractor shall follow the instructions as given by the Employer or the
Engineer.
If necessary, precautions shall be taken by the Contractor to protect the systems during the
execution of the Works.
1.24.3 Precautions
No excavating machines shall be used in the immediate surroundings of cables and/or pipelines, unless approved by the Engineer. Special care shall be taken to ensure that the
systems are accessible in case of emergency.
Temporary Works which have to be made in the surroundings of the system during the
execution of works, shall be maintained by the Contractor and shall be removed as soon as
practicable.
1.24.4 Interference with Existing Works
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The Contractor shall not interfere in any way with any existing works whether they are the
property of the Employer or of a third party and whether the position of such works is
indicated to the Contractor by the Engineer or not, except where such interference is
specifically described as part of the Works either in the Contract or in the Engineers
instructions.
The Contractor shall at his own expense provide and erect to the approval of the Engineer
such supports as may be required to protect efficiently all structures or works which may
be endangered by the execution of the Works and he shall remove such supports on
completion of the Works or otherwise take such permanent measures as may be required by
the Engineer to protect the structures or works.
The Contractor is to execute the Works in such a manner that he does not damage or
interfere with existing services which are located in proximity to the Site. The Contractor
shall be responsible for any damage or interference which may be caused to these services
due to execution of the Works and shall carry out all necessary repairs at his own expense
and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
1.25 Temporary Fencing
If and where required the Contractor shall erect and maintain suitable and approved
temporary fencing to enclose such areas of the works and areas of land occupied by the
Contractor within the Site as may be necessary to implement his obligations under
Clauses 19 to 24 of the Conditions of Contract. Where temporary fencing has to be
erected alongside a public road, footpath, etc., it shall be of the type required by the
concerned authorities and shall be erected to their satisfaction.
The Contractor shall fence his labour camps and other compounds and his housing sites in
an approved manner so as to exclude all wild or stray animals.
Fences crossed by the Works and forming boundaries of plots outside the area occupied by
the Works shall not be cut through or destroyed for more than the distance necessary to
permit the erection of new fencing etc, and the Contractor shall make the ends of the cut
fences reasonably secure.
The Contractor shall regularly inspect all such fencing, and any defects which may occur,
shall be made good without delay. Temporary Fencing shall remain in position until the
Works are completed and the Site cleared of all plant, materials and/or other waste matter.
No separate payment shall be made to the Contractor for complying with the provisions
of this Sub-Clause.
1.26 Notice Board
The Contractor shall erect a notice board of a size of not less than 2 m by 3 m at work
site. The notice board shall be painted and the description therein shall be approved by
the Engineer. The board shall be erected at a suitable place prior to the commencement of
the work.
The Contractor shall not erect any advertisement signboard on or along the Site without
the written approval of the Employer.
No separate payment shall be made for the provision of the notice board.
1.27 Clean Up the Site
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Prior to the issue of the latest Defect Liability Certificate by the Employer the
Contractor shall remove from the Site all plant and equipment, tools, rubbish, concrete
forms, boulders, bricks and other materials not incorporated in the permanent works.
No separate payment shall be made to the Contractor for complying with the provisions
of this Sub-Clause.
1.28 Contractors Temporary Facilities
1.28.1 Contractors Offices, Workshops, Quarters, etc.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the land he deems necessary for his offices,
stores, warehouse, motor pool, laboratory, workshops, pre-cast concrete factory, staff
quarters and labour camp. The Contractor shall be also responsible for construction,
maintenance, operation and subsequent removal or handing over if the Engineer requests,
of such temporary facilities as his office, stores, warehouse, motor pool, laboratory,
workshops, pre-cast concrete factory, staff quarters and labourer camps including
feeding and accommodation. These facilities shall be equipped with adequate electricity
and potable water supplies.
The Contractor shall submit for approval of the Engineer within fourteen (14) days from
the date of the Notice to Commence his detailed plan and/or construction drawings of his
offices, stores, warehouse, motor pool, workshops, pre-cast concrete factory, staff
quarters and labourer camps that he proposes to construct or rent, including his
proposals for water and power supply and sewage facilities. All buildings and facilities
shall conform to the Employers standards.
Provided that the Employer arranges the acquisition of the land, the Engineer may
request the Contractor to hand over the Contractors temporary facilities to the
Employer. The Contractor shall remove and clear the site, other than temporary
structures requested by Engineer to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The Contractor shall
start handing over his temporary facilities to the Employer after the issuance of TakingOver Certificate and shall complete it before issuance of Defect Liability Certificate. The
handing over shall be made in usable condition and the Contractor shall clean, repair and
re-paint the temporary facilities, if necessary, to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
1.28.2 Laboratory and Laboratory Equipment
The Contractor shall provide within the premises of the Contractors office a field
laboratory with such testing equipment and apparatus as are needed for the performance
of the tests specified in the Technical Specifications for the materials and construction of
earthworks, concrete, gravel wearing course, etc.
The Contractor shall within twenty-eight (28) days from the date of the Notice to
Commence submit a Quality Assurance Plan. The plan shall include testing schedules,
list of material sources, quality control procedures and other items as required by the
Engineer. The plan shall also indicate testing equipment and consumables. The
Contractor shall implement the quality control procedures in compliance with the
approved Quality Assurance Plan.
The laboratory provided by the Contractor shall be administrated and maintained by the
Contractor, including the supply of electric power and water to the laboratory. The
Contractor shall also provide testing equipment and apparatus and furnish all testing
staff, labours and consumable necessary for carrying out his testings. All the costs
1-16

incurred in operation of his testing shall also be borne by the Contractor. The Contractor
shall also appoint a superintendent in charge of testing to work in the laboratory.
The Contractor shall when requested by the Engineer or the Engineers
Representative carry out any test in the presence of the Engineer or the Engineers
Representative, or shall provide all necessary testing engineers, laboratory assistants
and labours required to the Engineer free of charge. The Contractor shall ensure that
the Engineer and his staff have unrestricted access to these facilities free of any
charge.
1.28.3 Sanitation
The Contractor is to arrange for a high standard of sanitation to be maintained
throughout the Camp and the Works. He shall construct and maintain at his own cost a
system of surface drainage and waste disposal which shall be approved by the
Engineer before any work commences. Sanitary conveniences for the use of persons
employed in the works shall be provided and maintained by the Contractor in
accordance with the appropriate laws and regulations in force in Nepal to the extent
and in such a manner and at such places as may be approved by the Engineer, and all
persons connected with the works shall be obliged to use them.
1.28.4 Medical Arrangements and First Aid Facilities
The Contractor shall make arrangements according to the regulations in force in Nepal
for treatment on the site of casualties and sick persons.
The arrangements shall include the minimum provision of a Dispensary with in-patient
facilities with a minimum of eight beds, a qualified resident dresser and assistant, and
for regular visits by a qualified medical practitioner. The Contractor shall make his
own arrangements for treatment of casualties on the Site in such first-aid units as may
be thought necessary.
In addition to the provisions of Clause 34 of the Conditions of Particular
Application, the Contractor shall manage and operate appropriate ambulances for
the transportation of injured or sick employees to hospitals in Nepal or India or other
places. This facility shall be available for the Employers, Engineers,
Subcontractors and Contractors personnel and workmen. The Contractor shall enter
in the appropriate items in the Bill of Quantities a sum to cover the construction of
such first-aid units and their management and operation and the removal by
ambulance.
Notwithstanding the minimum requirements prescribed above, the Contractor shall be
responsible for the adequacy of all the arrangements made.
1.28.5 Recreation
The Contractor is to make arrangements for the provision of adequate recreational
facilities for the employees living in the Camp and his own and the Engineers staff
housing sites. He shall submit to the Engineer for his prior approval, proposals for
providing these facilities.
The recreational facilities are to be managed by the Contractor who shall make rules for
their use which are to be approved by the Engineer. The facilities provided by the
Contractor are to be available to the staff of the Engineer and the Employer and their
families. Reasonable charges can be made to such staff for the use of these facilities.
1-17

The Contractor shall appoint a competent Welfare Officer whose duties will be to supervise
the administration of the Contractors accommodation and recreational facilities. He shall
in particular ensure that recreational arrangements are available to all employees.
1.28.6 Fire Protection
The Contractor shall construct, equip and administer at his cost fire control points in such
positions and of such size as will provide an adequate service for the protection against fire
of the Camp and all building stores and property on the Site. He shall install and maintain
a proper warning system to ensure that fire-fighting equipment can be brought into action
without delay.
1.28.7 Lighting
The Contractor shall install and maintain at his own cost a system of lighting to provide a
reasonable degree of illumination over the area of the Contractors offices and camp. He
shall submit details of his scheme for the approval of the Engineer before any work
commences.
in complying with requirements of this Sub-Clause shall be deemed to be included in the
respective lump sum price for the Contractors temporary facilities for Item No. K-4, K5 and K-6 of the Bill of Quantities.
Payment for Contractors temporary facilities such as offices, quarters, labour camps,
water and electricity supply system, laboratory and medical facilities shall be made in the
fixed percentage of these works. Eighty per cent (80%) of total lump sum price of these
temporary works shall be paid to the Contractor upon completion of these temporary
facilities, and the remaining twenty per cent (20%) of the total price will be paid after
removal.
1.29 Contractors Transport
The Contractor shall make his own arrangements for the transport where necessary of
his staff and workmen to and from the site of the works at his own expenses. No
payment shall be made on this item, and such costs in this item are deemed to be covered
in the unit rate.
1.30 Construction and Maintenance of Temporary Access Road
The Contractor shall construct and maintain the temporary access roads including
temporary access bridges necessary for construction of the Works and transportation of the
materials. The access roads to the borrow pits and for constructing the canals and roads
shall be constructed by rehabilitating and reinforcing the existing roads, where available.
The access roads shall be constructed in such a manner that all of the temporary access
road and bridge ensure the traffic of heavy equipment and trucks during the whole
construction period. The Contractor shall also pay compensation to the owner(s) if he
constructs the temporary access roads on a privately owned land.
Not less than 14 days before he intends to start construction of any part of the
temporary access roads, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer the detailed
construction programme, and drawings of:
(a) the temporary access roads including temporary access bridges; and
1-18

(b) any other temporary works which he considers necessary for proper execution of
the works.
The Contractor shall not start the construction of any temporary access road until the
Engineers approval thereto has been obtained. However, such approval shall not
relieve the Contractor of any liability or obligation under the Contract.
The Contractor shall construct the temporary access roads and bridges in accordance
with the approved drawings and construction programme and shall maintain and
repair such roads so as to assure traffic of heavy equipment and trucks throughout the
construction period of the works, giving a special attention to watering to the access
road(s), unless otherwise specified or directed by the Engineer. On completion of the
works such as canal, drain, road, bridge, culvert, etc., he shall remove such access
road and bridge from the site as directed by the Engineer.
The public and village roads may also be used as temporary access road. The
Contractor shall maintain and repair them to the satisfaction of the authorities
concerned.
The Contractor shall facilitate the use of such roads for other contractors of the Project and
public in a friendly co-operative manner without maintenance of the roads required by them.
All costs including Contractor's margin, overhead, taxes, etc, incurred by the
Contractor in complying with requirements of this sub-clause shall be deemed to be
included in the lump sum price construction and maintenance of Temporary Access
Road Item No. K-7. The cost incurred for the maintenance of public and village roads
used for temporary access roads shall be deemed to be included in the lump sum price
of Item no K-8 of the Bill of Quantities. Payment for these items shall be made on
pro-rata basis depending upon the total progress accomplished.
1.31
Disposal and Care of Ground/Surface Water, Dewatering Foundations and

Temporary Diversions
1.31.1
General
Disposal of all water encountered during the execution of the Works under the
Contract shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. Control of ground water shall
be accomplished in a manner that will preserve the bearing quality of the foundation
soils, will not cause instability of the excavation slopes, and will not result in damage
to existing structures. Where necessary to these purposes, the water level shall be
lowered in advance of excavation, utilizing wells, well points or similar methods. The
water level as measured in piezometers shall be maintained a minimum of one (1.0) m
below the prevailing excavation level, or it shall be lowered to a point no higher than
0.60m above the top of impermeable strata. Open pumping with sumps and ditches,
if it results in boils, loss of fines, softening of the ground or instability of slopes, will
not be permitted. Sumps, wells and well points shall be installed with suitable screens
and filters so that continuous pumping of fines does not occur. The discharge shall be
arranged to facilitate collection of samples of water by the engineers. The Contractor
shall construct and maintain all necessary cofferdams, channels, flumes, drains and
sumps and/or other temporary diversion and protective works. The Contractor shall
furnish all materials required and shall furnish, install operate and maintain all
necessary pumping and other equipment for removing water from the various parts of
the work and for maintaining the foundations. All parts of the Works shall be free
from water as required for construction. After having served their purpose, all dikes,
coffers and other temporary dewatering facilities shall be removed or levelled so as
not to interfere in any way with the operation of the canals and related structures.
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The Contractor shall be responsible for and shall repair at his own expense any damage
caused by flooding, water, or failure of any part of the dewatering facilities or protective
works.
1.31.2 Dewatering Foundations
The Contractor shall keep all excavation clear of water during construction. The
Contractors method of removal of water from foundation excavation shall be subject to
the approval of the Engineer. Where excavation for foundations extends below the water
table, the portion below the water table shall be dewatered in advance of excavation. The
dewatering shall be accomplished by the manner that will maintain the stability of the
excavated slopes and bottom of the excavation, and will enable all construction
operations in the dry. The Contractor shall also be required to control seepage along the
bottom of the excavation within the extent of the structures which may require
supplemental dewatering system or pipe drains leading to sumps from where the water
will be pumped out. Review by the Engineer shall not relive the Contractor of
responsibility for the adequacy of dewatering system to achieve the specified result.
The Contractor shall have sufficient number of different pumps, i.e., self-priming
centrifugal pumps, submersible pumps, and a few complete sets of well points with
compatible pumps. Certain large structures may be required to be dewatered by a well
point system.
1.31.3 Temporary Diversion Works
The Contractor shall have to construct temporary diversion works for construction of
Head Works, canals, roads, drains, natural stream and rivers and the related structures
such as turnouts, culverts, bridges, etc. Coffer and/or diversion channel shall be
constructed in such a manner that the water can be smoothly supplied downstream
without overtopping and damaging any part of the coffer and channel.
Not less than 14 days before he intends to commence construction of any part of the
temporary diversion works, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer the detailed
construction programme, and drawings of:
(a) coffer including impermeable membrane and diversion channel which he proposes;
and
(b) any other temporary works which he considers necessary for the proper execution of
the Works.
The Contractor shall not commence any temporary diversion works until the Engineers
approval thereto has been obtained. However, the approval shall not relieve the
Contractor of any liability or obligation under the Contract.
The Contractor shall construct the temporary diversion works in accordance with the
approved drawings and construction programme. The Contractor shall remove all
temporary diversion works on completion of the canals, roads and structures.
The cost of all the temporary diversion works, care of water including dewatering and
the related temporary works including crops and land compensation related to the
diversion works shall be borne by the Contractor.
1-20

in complying with the requirement of this Sub-Clause shall be deemed to be included in
the lump sum price of Dewatering foundations and Temporary diversion works of the
Item no G and H of the Bill of Quantities. Payment for these items shall be made on prorata basis depending upon the total progress accomplished.
1.32 Exploratory Boring and Excavation of Test Pits
The Contractor may from time to time be ordered by the Engineer for execution of
exploratory boring and excavation of test pits in the course of the construction work for
the purpose to ascertain the engineering properties of the underground foundation. The
Contractor shall furnish all necessary equipment, material and labour and shall execute
the works in conformity with the direction of the Engineer.
Measurement and payment for exploratory boring and excavation of test pits shall be
made in Day Work basis in accordance with Sub-Clause 52.4 of the Conditions of
Contract.
1.33 Materials and Supplies to be New and Unused
All materials, Plant and other supplies to be incorporated in the Works shall be new,
unused, of the most recent or current models, and incorporate all recent improvements in
design and materials unless provided otherwise in the contract.
1.34 Environmental Protection Works
The Environment is defined to mean surrounding area including human and natural
resources to be affected by execution and completion of Works.
The Contractor shall take all precautions for safeguarding the environment during the
course of the construction of the Works. He shall abide by all prevailing laws, rules and
regulations governing pollution and environmental protection. In particular, the
Contractor shall fully comply with the environmental protection mitigation measures
specified in the related EIA Guidelines published by the Ministry of Forests and Soil
Conservation and the Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology (Latest
Publications).
The Contractor shall prohibit employees from unauthorised use of explosives, poaching
wildlife and cutting trees. The Contractor shall be responsible for the action of his
employees.
Environmental protection works, among others, shall include:
1.34.1 Borrow/Quarry Sites
The Engineer shall have the power to disallow the method of construction and/or the use
of any borrow/quarry area if in his opinion the stability and safety of the Works or any
adjacent structure is endangered, or there is undue interference with the natural or
artificial drainage, or the method or use of the area will promote undue erosion.
All areas susceptible to erosion shall be protected as soon as possible either by
temporary or permanent drainage works. All necessary measures shall be taken to
prevent concentration of surface water and to avoid erosion and scouring of slopes and
other areas. Any newly formed channels shall be backfilled.
1-21

Borrows/quarries shall be located away from the population centres, drinking water
intakes and drainage systems. The cutting of trees shall be minimised. Temporary ditches
and/or settling basins shall be dug to prevent erosion. The undesirable ponding of water
shall be prevented through temporary drains discharging to natural drainage channels.
Earthwork operations shall be strictly limited to the areas to be occupied by the
permanent Works and approved borrow areas and quarries unless otherwise permitted by
the Engineer. Due provision shall be made for temporary drainage. Erosion and/or
instability and/or sediment deposition arising from earthwork operations not in
accordance with the Specifications shall be made good immediately.
The Contractor shall obtain the permission of the Engineer before opening up any
borrows or quarries. Such borrow pits and quarries may be prohibited or restricted in
dimensions and depth by the Engineer where:
(i)
they might affect the stability or safety of the Works or adjacent property;
(ii) they might interfere with natural or artificial drainage or irrigation;

(iii) they may be environmentally unsuitable.
At least 14 days before he intends to commence opening up any approved borrow pit or
quarry, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer his intended method of working and
restoration. These shall include but not be limited to:
(i) the location; design and method of construction of any access track;
(ii) the volume and nature of materials to be removed;
(iii) the sequence and method of excavation of materials;
(iv) measures for controlling runoff and sediment from the site during operations;
(v) proposals for site restoration including approximate finished levels, drainage,
erosion and sediment control, slope stabilisation and re-vegetation, including
reinstatement of any access track.
Operation of borrow pit or borrow area shall not be permitted until the method of
working for that particular pit or area has been approved by the Engineer in writing.
Restoration shall be to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
1.34.2 Disposal of Spoil and Construction Waste
Materials in excess of the requirements for permanent works and unsuitable materials
shall be disposed off in locations and in the manner as agreed with the Engineer. The
locations of disposal sites shall be such as not to promote instability, destruction of
properties and water supply systems. Exposed areas of such disposal sites shall be
suitably dressed and be planted with suitable vegetation.
The Contractor shall plan his works in such a way that there is no spillage of petroleum
products to the surface or sub-surface water.
1.34.3 Provision and Maintenance of Camps, Offices, Stores, Equipment Yards
and Workshops
Various works defined under this item are related to provision and maintenance of camps
for workmen and employees, Contractors site offices, stores equipment yards and
workshops, etc. These camps shall be adequate, rainproof, spacious, airy and hygienic
with proper lighting and materials storage facilities. The area shall be kept neat and
clean.
1-22

Space allocated for storage of materials such as cement, gabion wire, reinforcing wire
etc. shall in general be damp-free, rainproof and away from petroleum products storage.
Written information must be given to and approval be taken from the Engineer regarding
proper establishment and maintenance of such camps. Failure in compliance with
Engineers instruction in respect of overall standard will lead to reduction or withholding
of payment.
1.34.4 Crushing Plants
Crushing plants shall be located away from the population centres, water intakes and
sensitive echo system establishments. Suitable dust control device shall be fitted to the
crusher to control emission of dust from the plant.
1.34.5 Hazardous Materials
The Contractor shall not store hazardous materials near water surfaces. The Contractor
shall provide protective clothing or appliances when it is necessary to use some
hazardous substances.
High concentration of airborne dust resulting in deposition and damage to crops and
water resources shall be avoided. The Contractor shall take every precaution to control
excessive noise resulting in disruption to wildlife and human population.
1.34.6 Reinstatement of Environment
The Contractor shall arrange and execute works as well as related activities in such a
way that environmental conditions are reinstated. He may be required to carry out filling,
removal and disposal works along with planting of grass and trees at his own costs at
identified locations to reinstate environment as directed by the Engineer.
No separate payment shall be made for the cost incurred by the Contractor for
complying with the stipulations of this Sub-Clause. All costs including Contractor's
margin, overhead, taxes, etc, in connection with this Sub-Clause shall be considered to
be included in other items of the works included in the Bill of Quantities.
1.34.8 Existing Settlements and Burial Grounds
The Contractor shall carry out the Works so that interference with existing settlements
shall be kept to a minimum. The Employer will arrange for the evacuation of settlements in
the way of the Permanent Works, and the Contractor shall be responsible for the clearance
of any debris etc. remaining after the evacuation.
The Contractor shall not to interfere in any way with existing burial grounds, graves, and
the like. Where these are in the way of the Permanent Works, the Employer will arrange for
the opening up of graves and the removal of human remains.
The Contractor shall give 56 days notice in writing to the Engineer of his intention to carry
out any work requiring the evacuation of settlements or the removal of graves etc.
Should it be suspected that human remains are discovered during the course of excavation
Works, they shall be left undisturbed and the Contractor shall immediately report the
matter to the Engineers Representative and request his instructions.
1-23

1.35 Insurances
The Contactor shall be paid the lump sum amount for fulfilling his obligations under
Clause 21, Clause 23 and Clause 24 of Conditions of Contract as mentioned in the
following Sub-Clauses 1.35.1, 1.35.2 and 1.35.3.
Payment shall be made in four instalments, one-fourth of the quoted amount for each of
the items K-1, K-2 and K-3 in each of the instalments. The first instalment shall be made
after furnishing all the documentary evidence of the insurance policy and remaining three
instalments to the contractor shall be paid on the annual basis.
1.35.1 Insurance of Works
For fulfilling his obligations under Clause 21 of the Conditions of Contract, the Contractor
shall be paid the lump sum amount of Item No. K-1 in the Bill of Quantities, which shall
be deemed to include all the Contractors costs incidental to providing the specified
insurance.
1.35.2 Third Party Insurance

For fulfilling his obligations under Clause 23 of Conditions of Contract, the Contractor
shall be paid the lump sum amount of Item No. K-2 in the Bill of Quantities which amount
shall be deemed to include all the Contractors cost incidental to providing the specified
insurance.
1.35.3 Insurance Against Accident to Workmen
For fulfilling his obligations under Clause 24 of the Conditions of Contract, the
Contractor will be paid the lump sum amount of Item No. K-3 in the Bill of Quantities
which amount shall be deemed to include all the Contractors cost incidental to providing
the specified insurance.
1.36 Traffic
1.36.1 Traffic Safety and Control
The Contractor shall provide, erect and maintain such barricades, including signs,
markings, flags, lights and flagmen as may be required for the information and protection
of traffic approaching to or passing through the section of the road under improvement
and/or diversions. Barricades, traffic signs and warning boards shall be provided as per
the Traffic Signs Manual (Latest Publication) published by the Traffic Engineering and
Safety Unit of the Design Branch of the Department of Roads.
The barricades erected on either side of the carriageway/portion of the carriageway close
to movement of traffic, shall be of strong design to resist violation, and be painted as per
the said Traffic Sign Manual. On both sides, suitable regulatory and/or warning signs
shall be installed for the guidance of the road users. On each approach, at least two
signs shall be put. The location of these signs shall be in accordance with the Code of
Practice published by the Traffic Engineering and Safety Unit of the Design Branch of
the Department of Roads.
1-24

In some locations steel drums may also be placed. These drums shall be white-washed,
blasted with sand and provided with retro retro-reflective tape strips, red on the left hand
side facing on coming traffic and white on the right hand side as appropriate. The
minimum size of these tapes shall be 0.01 sq.m. The drums shall be maintained in a clean
and effective condition and no stones or any other warning device shall be placed on top
of the drums.
Unless otherwise provided in the contract, no separate measurement and/or payment
shall be made for all materials and works required under this Clause. All costs including
Contractor's margin, overhead, taxes, etc, in connection with the work specified herein
shall be considered to be included with other related items of the work in the Bill of
Quantities.
1.37 Temporary Diversions for Traffic
1.37.1 Provisions of Diversions
Where some portions of the existing road cannot be used by through traffic, diversions as
may be required to deviate traffic from such portions shall be constructed.
1.37.2 Survey beacons and Monuments
Diversions shall be constructed so as not to damage or displace trigonometrical survey
beacons and road monuments. In exceptional cases where this is not possible,
arrangements shall be made to have survey beacons suitably referenced before they are
displaced and relocated after the completion of the work.
1.37.3 Access to Properties
Access to properties which work is being carried out shall be provided in the
as existed before the start of the work.
manner
1.37.4 Temporary Works

If diversions are provided they shall include the construction of temporary gates, grid
gates, fences, drainage works, and other incidentals considered necessary.
1.37.5 Public Services
Arrangements shall be made for the continuity of all public services such as power lines,
telephone lines, water mains, sewerage, drainage, etc., if the existing services are likely
to be affected.
1.37.6 Width of Diversions
The usable width for accommodation of two-way traffic shall not be less than 6 m.
Where diversions consist of two separate one-way lane the minimum usable width of
each lane shall not be less than 3.5 m.
1.37.7 Temporary Drainage Works
All necessary temporary drainage works required for proper surface run-off, such as
side drains, catch water drains, temporary cross-drainage structures, etc. shall be
constructed.
1-25

1.37.8 Earthworks for Diversion

Diversions shall be shaped and graded making full use of all material that can be
obtained from side cut or from the immediate vicinity within the road reserve. If
sufficient material cannot be obtained in this manner, material shall be imported from
other sources. Where the sub-grade is not sufficiently compacted in its natural condition,
it shall be compacted as specified in CHAPTER 3 prior to the commencement of the
earthworks.
All fill material shall be compacted to a density of at least 90% of maximum dry density
(Heavy Compaction).
1.37.9 Maintenance of Diversions
All diversions shall be maintained in a safe and smooth trafficable condition. Whenever
required the diversions shall be bladed by means of graders to provide a smooth riding
surface free of corrugations. All potholes shall be promptly repaired. Diversion shall be
watered to keep down dust from traffic and in order to facilitate the proper blading of
the surface. All drainage works shall be maintained in good working order and kept
unblocked.
1.37.10 Removal of Diversions
When traffic is routed permanently onto the new road following the completion of
construction, the diversions which are no longer required shall be removed and the
ground reinstated to its original condition.
1.37.11 Measurement and payment
Unless otherwise provided in the contract, no separate measurement and/or payment
shall be made for all materials and works required under this Clause. All including
Contractor's margin, overhead, taxes, etc, costs in connection with the work specified
herein shall be considered to be included with other related items of the work in the Bill
of Quantities.
1.38 Maintenance of Road
The Contractor shall be responsible for undertaking all routine maintenance of the
existing road and all bridges on the road from the day the road is officially handed-over
to the Contractor until the issue of Defects Liability Certificate by the Engineer. The
Contractor shall also carry out all routine maintenance of the completed works from the
time of their substantial completion until the Defects Liability Certificate is issued.
The Contractor shall also maintain roads that he uses for construction or access and the
use of such roads shall be identified in advance to the Engineer for inspection prior to
use.
The routine maintenance of the road shall include besides other, trimming vegetation,
cleaning all culverts, ditches, borrow pits, road side drainage, drainage channels and any
other obstructions cleaning road signs and checking and undertaking the repair of
guardrails and other road safety structures cleaning including removal of obstructions on
bridge decks and bridge deck drainage elements, checking and cleaning of expansion
joints and bearings, cleaning bearing shelves and weep holes, removing accumulated
debris and vegetation around and between piers and abutments, repairing parapets,
clearance on the road to allow free flow of traffic and reinstatement of any damaged or
deteriorated carriageway, and protection of adjoining works. In case of road Section
1-26

where the surface is in badly damaged condition, the maintenance of existing road
surface shall be maintained by potholes patching using gravel, re-profiling and regrading as instructed by Engineer. The surface shall be maintained to ensure longitudinal
and transverse profile. All the damages to the road carriageway and shoulder shall be
repaired with the material of equal or higher standard than the original surfacing.
The Contractor shall perform the maintenance works as often as required to keep the
carriageway, shoulders, and adjoining structures in proper working order to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.
During the period of commencement of works the Contractor shall mobilize labour and
equipment to make an immediate start on the maintenance of the existing road. The
location and scope of the maintenance work shall be as directed by the Engineer.
1-27

CHAPTER 2
SITE CLEARANCE AND REMOVAL

OF EXISTING STRUCTURES
SITE CLEARANCE AND REMOVAL OF

EXISTING STRUCTURES
2-1

CHAPTER

SITE CLEARANCE AND REMOVAL OF EXISTING

STRUCTURES
2.1
2.1.1
Clearing, Grubbing and Tree Removal

Clearing and Grubbing
During the Contractors operations the removal of weeds, organic materials, unsuitable
materials, shrubs, vegetation and small trees with a girth not exceeding 0.5 m measured 1
m above ground level may be required, in which case, the Contractor shall remove such
materials, shrubs, vegetation and trees after obtaining prior written approval from the
Engineer. All trees and shrubs to remain in place shall be protected from damage. Where
clearing is required, in the right-of-way and borrow area outside the right-of-way, all
combustible materials from clearing operations shall be burned or removed from the Site of
work or disposed of as directed. However, the felled trees shall not be burned; but shall be
deposited at the area designated by the Engineer.
All materials to be burned shall be piled neatly and when in a suitable condition shall be
burned completely. Piling for burning shall be done in such manner and in such location as
to cause the least fire risk. All burning shall be so performed that the cleared materials will
be reduced to ashes. The Contractor shall at all times take special precautions to prevent
fire from spreading and shall have at all times, suitable equipment and supplies for use in
preventing and fighting fires.
Grubbing shall consist of the removal of the stumps, jungle growth, brush and rubbish
from the work areas to be occupied by permanent structures, roads and canals and from the
surface of borrow areas, stockpile sites and elsewhere as directed by the Engineer.
No tree felling will generally be permitted unless essential for the construction of the works
and no tree shall be cut without the written permission of the Engineer.
Payment for clearing and grubbing operation specified above shall be made at the unit rate
per square metre of Item No. A-1 of the Bill of Quantities.
Where a particular Bill/Sub-Bill of the Bill of Quantities does not include an item for
Clearing and Grubbing, no separate payment shall be made for such work and all costs
therein shall be deemed to be included in the unit rates for various types of
excavation/embankment construction.
2.1.2
Tree Removal
Where shown on the Drawings or directed by the Engineer trees exceeding 0.5 m girth
measured 1 m above ground level shall be uprooted or cut down as near to ground level as
possible and the root ball extracted separately. The Contractor shall clearly demarcate and
count the number of trees to be removed and mark them as instructed by the Engineer. No
tree shall be felled without obtaining such approval from the Engineer. Authority for cutting
trees shall be obtained from the Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation who may require
that the trees be measured and marked in presence of officials from the Ministry.
The Contractor shall take necessary precautions to prevent damage to structures and public
property. If necessary, trees shall be cut in sections from the top downwards. In order to
prevent damage to trees that are to be left standing, trees shall be felled towards the centre
of the area being cleared.
2-2


The trees shall be felled, and the roots shall be dug out as far as possible, or directed by the
Engineer. The earthfilling in the area where roots have been dug out shall be compacted in
200 mm layer-wise with a suitable compacting machine.
The trees shall not be burned, but shall be transported to an area designated by the
Employer and shall be stacked and deposited. Such timber shall not be used by the
Contractor for any purpose and the felled trees shall be property of the Employer/HMG.
The Contractor shall be responsible for any theft and unauthorised removal of the felled
trees, and shall maintain a register showing the number of trees felled and stored in the
designated area.
Payment for removal of trees and roots including chopping branches, transportation, loading,
unloading, stacking at the designated area by the Employer shall be made at the unit rate per
square metre of Item No. A-2 of the Bill of Quantities.
Removal of Trees, no separate payment shall be made for such work and all costs therein
shall be deemed to be included in the unit rates for various types of
excavation/embankment construction.
2.2
Notice of Commencement
The Contractor shall give to the Engineer notice of his intention to commence the Clearing
and Grubbing operations. The works shall not be commenced until written approval has
been received from the Engineer.
2.3
Stripping of Top Soil

Stripping shall consist of the removal of all organic materials such as sod, topsoil and roots
from all embankment foundations, from areas where the excavated material is to be further
used in embankments, from the base of all roads and in all other areas shown on the
Drawings or directed by the Engineer, and the stockpiling or disposal thereof.
Materials from stripping which are suitable for topsoil shall be selected during stripping
operations and stockpiled for further use as directed by the Engineer.
Materials not suitable for topsoil or further use shall be disposed of in spoil banks as
instructed by the Engineer.
Materials from stripping shall be stockpiled or disposed thereof as provided in SubClause 3.1.2 of these Specifications. The disposal of all materials wasted from stripping
shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer.
Measurement for payment for all stripping operations shall include only the stripping, on
locations instructed by the Engineer and to a depth of 150 mm or as shown on the
Drawings. Payment for stripping shall be made at the unit rate per cubic metre for Item
No. A-3 of the Bill of Quantities.
Stripping, no separate payment shall be made for such work and all costs therein shall be
deemed to be included in the unit rates for various types of embankment construction.
2.4
Removal of Existing Structures
2-3


Existing brick or boulder or concrete (plain concrete or reinforced concrete) structures shall
be removed totally or partly where shown on the Drawings or directed by the Engineer, and
the materials thereof shall become property of the Contractor. The Contractor shall remove
such dismantled materials from the Site as directed by the Engineer or shall be incorporated
into new works as approved by the Engineer. In case that such removed materials such as
boulder or concrete block are used in a new structure, no payment for such removal works
shall be made under this Clause.
Where a structure is removed and a new structure is not required, the Contractor shall
place backfill and compact it up to the elevations of the existing ground surface as directed
by the Engineer.
No separate payment shall be made for the cost incurred by the Contractor for complying
with the stipulations of this sub-clause. All costs in connection with this sub-clause shall
be considered to be included in other items of the works included in the Bill of Quantities.
Excavation and earth filling will be paid for separately at the respective rates for Items
No A-5 and A-6 of the Bill of Quantities.
2-4
Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project:

EARTHWORKS
CHAPTER 3
3-1
EARTHWORKS

CHAPTER
3.1
3.1.1
EARTHWORKS
EARTHWORKS
Excavation
General
Excavation shall consist of excavation, removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials necessary
for the construction of permanent works in accordance with the requirements of these
Specifications, to the lines, grades and cross-sections shown on the Drawings or as otherwise
directed by the Engineer. This work shall also include the hauling and stacking, or hauling of
suitable materials to sites of embankment construction, disposal of unsuitable cut materials in
specified manner, dewatering and pumping, and the trimming and finishing of excavation lines to
such widths, depths and profiles as shown on the Drawings, or to such dimensions and levels as
may be instructed by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall give to the Engineer, at least 7 days written notice of his intention to
commence excavation works on any part of the Site. Such requests shall include details of initial
and final levels, drainage works, foundation layout, etc. The excavation shall not commence until
written approval has been received by the Contractor from the Engineer.
If, from any cause whatsoever, excavations other than for concrete works are carried out beyond their
true line and level, the Contractor shall at his own cost make good to the required line and level with
approved material and in such manner as the Engineer may direct.
If, from any cause whatsoever, excavations for concrete works are carried out beyond their true line
and level other than at the direction of the Engineer, the Contractor shall at his own cost fill in to
the required line and level with concrete of similar grade to that intended to be used.
When any excavation has been executed and trimmed, the Engineer shall be informed accordingly
so that he may inspect the completed excavation, and no excavation shall be filled in or covered
with concrete until it has been inspected and the Contractor has been authorised to proceed with the
work.
All excavation work shall be classified as common excavation, irrespective of the types of materials
encountered, and shall be paid at the unit rates shown in the Bill of Quantities.
3.1.2
Disposal of Excavated Materials

In so far as practicable, excavated materials from canals, drains, natural rivers and structures shall
be used, as much as possible, in such permanent construction works as embankments, as required
under the Specifications and as per standard engineering norms and practices for the given
conditions of the soil.
Except for the materials stockpiled in the yards as directed by the Engineer, excavated materials
shall be deposited or disposed of in spoil banks and/or right-of-ways of canals, drains and rivers as
shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer. The deposited or disposed of materials shall
be levelled and trimmed to reasonable lines as instructed by the Engineer.
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EARTHWORKS
Where practicable, suitable materials for embankments shall be excavated separately from the
materials to be wasted, and the suitable materials shall be placed in the designated final locations
directly from the excavation, or may be placed in temporary stockpiles and later placed in the
designated locations, as per standard engineering norms and practices for the given conditions of the
soil.
The excavated materials, which are suitable for embankments, but which are too wet for immediate
compaction, shall be placed temporarily in stockpiles approved by the Engineer until the moisture
content is reduced sufficiently to permit them to be placed in the embankment in conformity with the
Specifications.
The cost of depositing, and/or disposing of, including proper treatment of spoil banks, shall be
included in the relevant excavation items of the Bill of Quantities. Only the cost of hauling the
excavated materials to the spoil banks, the right-of-ways and embankment sites designated by the
Engineer shall be paid as stipulated in Sub-Clause 3.5 hereof, provided that the haulage is more than
200 metres from the free-haul limit.
3.1.3
Excavation in Main Canal

The excavation in main canal shall apply to excavation work in the Sikta Main Canal. The design
sections of the canal are shown on the Drawings.
Measurement for payment of excavation in main canal shall be made in cubic metre of earth
excavated from the ground surface or stripped surface, if any, to the neat lines and levels as shown on
the Drawings or as per standard engineering norms and practices for the given conditions of the soil.
Payment for excavation in main canal, measured as above, shall be made at the unit rate per cubic metre for
Item No. A-5 of the Bill of Quantities. Such unit rate shall include the costs of all labour, materials and
construction equipment necessary for excavation, trimming of side slopes, placing the materials on the
embankments or the spoil banks as directed, disposing of the unsuitable or surplus material, disposing of
ground and surface drainage water encountered, and all work necessary to maintain the excavation in good
order during construction, except the cost for the required haulage to be paid for as provided in Sub-Clause
3.5 hereof.
3.1.4 Excavation in Natural Rivers

The natural rivers under this contract means only one (1) river and that is West Rapti River other
rivers and/or stream in the command area are considered as either major or minor drains. The
excavation in natural rivers shall be applied only for excavation work in natural rivers as defined
above. The design sections of the natural rivers shall be as shown in the Drawings and approved by
the Engineer.
Spoil unfit for re-use shall be removed to sites approved by the Engineer and shall not be
permanently deposited elsewhere. The Contractor shall trim and regulate the spoil tops to profiles
and to levels as directed by the Engineer. Compaction to a specific density is not called for this type,
but material is to be placed to the satisfaction of the Engineer in horizontal layers no more than 50
cm thick to form a compact embankment by routing equipment over the fill to the maximum extent.
Measurement for payment of excavation in natural rivers shall be made by volume in cubic meter of
earth excavated from the ground surface or stripped surface, if any, to the neat lines and grades as
shown on the Drawings or as per standard engineering norms and practices for the given conditions
of the soil.
Payment for excavation in natural rivers measured as above shall be made at the unit rate per cubic
meter of Item No. A-4, in the Bill of Quantities. Such unit rate shall include the costs of all labor,
materials and construction plant necessary for excavation, trimming of side slopes, placing the
material in the spoil banks shown in the Drawings, disposing the unsuitable or surplus material,
3-3

EARTHWORKS
disposing ground and surface drainage water encountered, and all work necessary to maintain the
excavation in good order during construction, except the cost of the required haulage to be paid for
as provided in Clause 3.5 hereof.
3.1.5
Excavation in Drains
The excavation in drains shall apply to excavation work in all types of drains. The design sections
of drains are shown on the Drawings.
Measurement for payment of excavation in drains shall be made in cubic metre of earth excavated
from the ground surface or stripped surface, if any, to the neat lines and grades as shown on the
Drawings or as per standard engineering norms and practices for the given conditions of the soil.
Payment for excavation in drains, measured as above, shall be made at the unit rate per cubic metre
for Item No. A-5 of the Bill of Quantities. Such unit rate shall include the costs of all labour,
materials and construction equipment necessary for excavation, trimming of side slopes, placing the
material in the spoil banks shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer, disposing of the
unsuitable or surplus material, disposing of ground and surface drainage water encountered, and all
work necessary to maintain the excavation in good order during construction, except the cost of the
required haulage to be paid for as provided in Sub-Clause 3.5 hereof.
3.1.6
Excavation for Structures

Excavation for structures shall include excavation of all soils, sand, gravel and boulders, stockpile
of soil suitable for re-use and disposal of soil unsuitable for re-use as instructed by the Engineer.
Excavation for structures shall be carried out in a safe manner and to the lines and levels shown on
the Drawings, or to such lines and levels as may be approved by the Engineer.
The bottom and side slopes of excavation work against which concrete is to be placed shall be
finished accurately to the dimensions shown on the Drawings or prescribed by the Engineer, and the
surface so prepared shall be moistened with water and tamped or rolled with suitable tools or
equipment for the purpose of securing firm foundations. If, at any point, the natural foundation
material is disturbed or loosened during the excavation process or otherwise, it shall be compacted in
place, or it shall be removed and replaced with suitable earth materials or concrete as directed by the
Engineer and at the expense of the Contractor.
If, at any point of excavation, material is excavated beyond the established lines and grades, it shall
be re-filled and compacted by tamping or rolling in layers of not more than 150 mm thickness at the
Contractors expense.
Excavation for structures shall be measured for payment in cubic metre to the lines and levels
shown on the Drawings. The quantities to be measured shall be the net cubic content of the voids
formed by the removal of the materials enclosed between the bottom of the footing and the existing
ground level by a surface generated by vertical lines passing through the periphery of the bottom of
the footing. No measurement shall be made for any excavation over the limited excavation
described above. Over-excavation of width, length, cutting of slopes, shoring and planking shall be
deemed as convenience for the Contractor in executing the work and shall not be measured and paid
separately. Backfill to be measured shall also be limited to this void only with due consideration to
the nature of the structure.
Payment of excavation for structures, measured as above, shall be made at the unit rate per cubic
metre for Item No. A-4 and A-5 of the Bill of Quantities, depending upon the location of the
structure. Such unit rates shall include the costs of all labour, materials and construction equipment
necessary for excavation, placing the materials in spoil banks as directed, disposing of the
unsuitable or surplus material, disposing of ground and surface drainage water encountered, and all
3-4

EARTHWORKS
work necessary to maintain the excavation in good order during construction, except the cost of the
required haulage to be paid for as provided in Sub-Clause 3.5 hereof.
3.2
3.2.1
Embankments
General
Embankments shall include the construction of all embankments for canals, drains, roads, natural
rivers, structures and filling in other parts of the Works with suitable materials obtained from
canals, drains, rivers and structures excavation, or extracted from borrow areas.
All embankments shall be constructed to the lines and levels shown on the Drawings or as directed
by the Engineer. Unless otherwise specified ten (10) percent of extra filling to the embankment
height from the original ground shall be made. The materials for embankment shall not contain any
stumps, brush, weeds, roots, clods and any matter that may decay.
Not less than seven (7) days before he intends to commence the works, the Contractor shall submit
to the Engineer for his approval the details of his proposed method of obtaining embankment
materials. The Contractor shall not commence any work necessary for furnishing the materials until
the Engineer's approval has been obtained.
The entire ground surface to be under an embankment shall be scarified or ploughed thoroughly to
a depth not less than 150 mm, and be compacted to meet requirements as specified by these
Specifications. This operation shall commence only after the completion of stripping, as specified in
Sub-Clause 2.3 of these Specifications.
Where the ground surface to be under an embankment is not suitable for a foundation, as determined
by the Engineer, the Contractor shall strip the area to be under the embankment down to such depth
as may be directed. The material so removed shall be disposed of as provided in Sub-Clause 3.1.2.
Before commencing embankment filling, and from time to time as may be considered necessary by
the Engineer, the Contractor shall carry out compaction trials in the presence of the Engineer on
each type of soil to be used. He shall carry out all necessary laboratory and field testing as required
by the Engineer and shall submit to the Engineer the results of all tests.
Following the completion of compaction trials, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer, for his
approval, proposals for the compaction of each type of material. The Contractors proposal shall
include reference to the types of equipment, operating weights and tyre pressure, method of
adjusting moisture content, number of passes and loose depth of each layer.
If, in the opinion of the Engineer, the results of the compaction trials indicate that the Contractors
proposed equipment and methods will achieve the densities specified, the Engineer shall approve
the same.
Notwithstanding the Engineers approval of any of the Contractors equipment or methods, the
Contractor shall at all times be solely responsible for executing the works in accordance with the
Specifications.
All the earthwork in embankments, and backfilling of structures, shall be spread in layers of uniform
thickness not exceeding 200 mm over the entire width. The moisture content of the spread material shall
be checked prior to commencement of compaction. If it is found to be outside the specified limits, the
same shall be adjusted by watering or drying to the permissible limits specified, only then the soil shall
be compacted by mechanical rollers to not less than the specified percentages of the maximum dry
density. The compacted layer shall be tested by the Contractors for checking the density and other
parameters in accordance with the frequencies specified in Sub-Clause 3.2.5 of these Technical
Specifications.
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EARTHWORKS
For embankments, if the results of the field density tests show less than the specified density in a
certain layer, the whole reach will be rejected and re-compaction shall be required.
Successive layers shall not be placed until the layer under construction has been approved by the
Engineer.
Embankment are divided into the following four (4) types for measurement and payment in the Bill
of Quantities in accordance with the source of embankment materials and the haulage distances:
3.2.2
(a)
Type A
Embankment using materials obtained from the excavation sites and

placed in the embankment sites without hauling
(b)
Type B
Embankment using materials obtained from the excavation sites and

hauled to the embankment sites with a haulage distance of up to 200 m.
(c)
Type C
Embankment using materials obtained from borrow area and hauled

to the embankment sites with a haulage distance up to 30 m.
(d)
Type D
: Embankment using materials obtained from borrow area and hauled to the
embankment sites with a haulage distance from 30 m up to 200 m
Borrow Areas
The materials used for embankments Type C and Type D shall be obtained from borrow areas
proposed by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer. The maximum depth of the borrow area
shall be approved by the Engineer. The Contractor shall pay to the owners of such borrow areas the
cost for procurement of the materials from such privately owned areas.
Borrow pits may be situated on both sides of the embankment depending on the availability of the
soil. It shall be located in places approved by the Engineer, but shall not be within ten (10) metres
from the toe of a completed embankment or other works.
The Contractor shall explore the possibility of utilising the borrow pits in future as fish ponds by
the owners of the land. In case the owners wish to use borrow pits as fish ponds, the depth of the
pits may be up to 3 m. In such cases, the borrow pits shall not be continuous over lengths of more
than 100 m. A strip of no less than 30 m at the level of the original ground shall be left between the
pits.
In other cases the Contractor shall arrange borrow areas in such a manner that the ground elevation of so
arranged borrow areas will be more or less the same as the neighbouring area, so that rain water will not
stagnate in the borrow areas. The arrangement shall be to the full satisfaction of the owner of the borrow
area and the Engineer, or as otherwise directed by the Engineer.
Except where provided elsewhere, no direct payment shall be made for the operation and maintenance
of borrow pits, including clearing, stripping, excavation and any other works to acquire the
embankment materials from the borrow areas. These costs shall be included in the appropriate unit
rates for the embankment for which materials are used from the borrow areas.
3.2.3
Embankment Construction
Before the material for the first layer of the embankment is placed, the foundation for the
embankment shall be prepared, as provided for in Sub-Clause 3.2.1 hereof, and shall be moistened
or dried and compacted in the manner hereinafter specified.
The material shall be deposited in horizontal layers and thickness of each horizontal layer, after
compaction, shall not be more than 200 mm in any case. All lumps or clods of heavy clay shall be
thoroughly broken down by means of proper instruments, and moisture control of the materials
shall be thoroughly carried out so as to ensure the specified dry density. Compaction shall not be
permitted until the moisture content of the soil has been adjusted and approved by the Engineer.
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EARTHWORKS
Moisture content, checked in accordance with IS 2720 (Part II), at the time of compaction shall be
between 97 per cent and 103 per cent of the Optimum Moisture Content.
The natural moisture content and the optimum moisture content of the material shall be checked
before compacting it. If they are found to be outside the specified limits, the same shall be made
good. Where water is required to be added, water shall be sprinkled from a water tanker fitted with
a sprinkler capable of applying water uniformly and then thoroughly mixed in the soil by blading or
harrowing until a uniform moisture content, as specified, is obtained throughout the depth of the
layer.
If the material delivered is too wet, it shall be dried by aeration and exposure to sun, until the
moisture content is acceptable for compaction.
The Contractor shall have deemed to have taken into account the fact that the materials encountered
may vary widely with respect to their in situ moisture content and the moisture content at which the
materials are to be compacted. Accordingly, the materials may have to be wetted by adding water, or
dried to the required degree, along with intimate mixing of the entire mass of the materials.
When the materials have been satisfactorily conditioned, it shall be compacted by pneumatic tired
rollers, sheep-foot rollers, tamping rollers, vibrating rollers, steel tired rollers, vibration rollers with
pad-foot or by mechanical tampers upon the Engineers approval after spreading the materials
horizontally. Hand tampers shall not be permitted. Where mechanical tampers are used to compact
soils in confined areas, they shall be equipped with suitably shaped heads to obtain the required
density.
Where placing and spreading operations will be carried out by hand method which deposits
materials directly from the excavation by human power, with the Engineer's approval, the materials
shall be thoroughly compacted by mechanical tamper or other approved means. Hand tamper will
not be permitted. The distribution of materials shall be such that the tamped materials will be
homogeneous and free from lenses, pockets, streaks or other discontinuities.
The dry density of the soil in the compacted materials shall not be less than ninety five (95) percent
of the maximum dry density as determined by the Standard Proctor Compaction Test (ASTM:
D698-42T) for the materials being compacted with a probability of maximum ten (10) percent
failure except as otherwise directed by the Engineer. The minimum number of samples for testing
shall be as specified in Sub-Clause 3.2.5 hereof.
Unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer, embankment shall be constructed evenly over the full
width. The surface of the embankment at all time during construction shall be maintained at such a
cross-fall as to prevent ponding of rain water.
Different layers shall be constructed one after another. In the time that might elapse between the
acceptance of a lower layer and the placing of the overlying layer, if any damages such as cracking,
rutting, corrugations, pot holes, erosion, etc. are caused to the lower layer due to whatever reasons,
such damages shall be repaired by the Contractor at his own cost. The methods employed for
repairing damages shall include scarification with re-compaction or reconstruction using new
materials, as directed by the Engineer.
Finishing operations shall include the work of shaping and trimming the side slopes to conform to
the levels, cross-sections and dimensions shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
Both the upper and lower ends of the side slopes shall be rounded off to improve appearance and to
merge the embankment with the adjacent terrain. Embankment slopes after trimming work shall be
compacted by mechanical tamper or approved means.
3.2.4
Measurement and Payment

3-7

EARTHWORKS
Measurements for payment of embankment construction for major canals shall be made for the
material placed to the prescribed lines, grades and dimensions shown on the Drawings or as
directed by the Engineer.
Payment for embankment Type A shall be made at the unit rate per cubic metre for Item No. A-6 of
the Bill of Quantities, which unit rate shall include all costs of placing materials in layers,
furnishing water, moistening or drying the materials and compacting the materials as provided in
this Sub-Clause, and trimming and compacting the slopes, including all costs of labour, materials
and construction equipment. Excavation of the materials for the embankment shall be paid under
the applicable excavation items specified in Sub-Clause 3.1.
Payment for embankment Type B shall be made at the unit rate per cubic metre for Item No. A-7 in
the Bill of Quantities, which unit rate shall include all costs of transportation of materials from
excavation sites or from temporary stockpiles including re-handling, if required, to the place of
final use, and the costs of placing materials in layers, furnishing water, moistening or drying the
materials and compacting the materials as provided in this Sub-Clause, and trimming and
compacting the slopes, including all costs of labour, materials and construction equipment.
Excavation of the materials for the embankment shall be paid under the applicable excavation items
specified in Sub-Clause 3.1.
Payment for embankments Type C and D shall be made at the unit rates per cubic metre for Items No.
A-8 and A-9 in the Bill of Quantities respectively, which unit rates shall include all costs of land
compensation or acquisition for borrow areas, furnishing the embankment materials in the borrow
areas including stripping of top soil and excavation in the borrow areas, loading and transportation of
the materials from the borrow areas to the place of final use, and the costs of placing the materials in
layers, furnishing water, moistening or drying the materials, compacting the materials as provided in
this Sub-Clause, and trimming and compacting the slopes, reinstating the borrow pits, including all
costs of labour, materials and construction equipment.
3.2.5
Field Embankment Tests

The Contractor shall carry out tests to determine the natural and optimum moisture content and the
maximum dry density of soils in a given area. Then the Engineer shall determine the allowable
moisture content range of the materials and the maximum thickness of each layer after spreading. The
Engineer may change the allowable moisture content range of the materials prescribed in Sub-Clause
3.2.3 hereof after field embankment tests.
The frequency of tests shall be as follows:
Particle Size:
every 2,000 cu.m or every change in source
Atterbergs Limits:
Moisture Density Relationship:
Natural Moisture Content:
every 500 sq.m
Field Density:
every 500 sq.m
No separate payment shall be made for the field embankment tests. All costs of furnishing, materials,
labours, construction equipment and executing, the field embankment tests shall be included in the
unit rates for applicable embankment items in the Bill of Quantities.
3.2.6
Soil Sampling and Testing

The Contractor shall carry out control tests on fill materials as required in the Specifications, as and
when required by the Engineer. The Engineer shall have unrestricted access to soil laboratories and
their test results. Tests required are:
Moisture content
Grain size analysis
Liquid limit
IS 2720 Part II or BS 1377 - 1A

BS 1377 - 7B and 7C
BS1377 - 2A
3-8

Plastic limit
Compaction test
Field density tests
EARTHWORKS
BS1377 - 3
IS 2720 Part VIII
Earth Manual, USBR
The Contractor shall provide the necessary equipment, labour and transport for carrying out the
sampling and testing in the Site laboratory. The soil samples shall be stored and tested at the Site
laboratory under the supervision of the Engineer.
3.3
Backfill for Structures

The materials used for backfill of structures shall be suitable material for embankment construction,
unless otherwise specified and obtained from excavations for structures, canals, drains and rivers or
from borrow areas as directed by the Engineer. Backfill material shall be placed in layers, each with a
maximum thickness of 200 mm. Unless otherwise specified, the placing and compacting of all backfill
materials shall conform to the applicable requirements of Sub-Clause 3.2.
Moisture content, checked in accordance with IS 2720 (Part II), at the time of compaction shall be
between 95 per cent and 105 per cent of the Optimum Moisture Content.
Prior to the commencement of placing backfill, all materials adjacent to structures such as concrete
wastage, forms, stones, etc. shall be cleared to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Backfill materials
shall be placed in such a manner as will ensure satisfactory compaction without damage to the
structure. Compaction adjacent to all structures shall be carried out by engine-driven tampers,
small vibratory rollers or approved hand tools.
The surface of the backfill material shall be compacted so as to give a slightly cambered surface to
facilitate drainage, and the backfill material shall be watered or allowed to dry, if necessary, in
order to maintain or achieve the specified moisture content for compaction.
The dry density of the soil in the compacted materials shall not be less than ninety five (95) per cent
of the maximum dry density as determined by IS 2720, Part VIII.
Compaction of backfill materials above placed concrete shall not be permitted with vibrating rollers
within 1.0 metre vertically of the surface of the concrete, except with the prior approval of the
Engineer.
Measurement for payment of backfill for structures shall be made for the materials placed to the lines
to which the structural excavation was measured according to the prescribed lines, grades and
dimensions shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer. Filling beyond the original ground
line shall be deemed to be embankment.
Payment of backfilling shall be made at the unit rate per cubic metre of Item No. A-10 of the Bill of
Quantities, which unit rate shall include all costs of re-handling the excavated materials in canals,
drains, rivers and structures or furnishing the backfill materials in the borrow areas including
stripping of the borrow areas, excavation of the material in the borrow areas, loading and
transportation of the materials to the place of backfill site, placing the materials in the structure by
hand tools, mixing and harrowing (if necessary), watering or drying the materials and the cost of all
other works connected herewith as provided for in this Sub-Clause.
3.4
Tolerances
Permitted tolerance on levels and dimensions for earthwork shall be as stated below
provided that the cross sectional areas of channels, bed widths, and road surface widths shall
not be less than those shown on the Drawings.
3-9

Description
Bed Level
Side Slope
(from positions
shown on the
Drawings)
Bank
Level
EARTHWORKS
Main canal
Drains
Road
+0 mm
- 100 mm
+ 0 mm
-100 mm
150 mm
150 mm
150 mm
Top
not lower than specified
level plus extra filling
50 mm
The Contractor shall make due allowances for consolidation and settlements of
embankments. The levels and dimensions shall be within the tolerances specified above at
the end of the Defects Liability Period. The cost of such allowances shall be included in the
rates.
3.5
Haulage of Excavated and Borrowed Materials more than 200 m

In the event that haulage of excavated materials exceeds a free-haul limit of 200 metres, the
haulage shall be counted as a cubic metre-kilometre which defines one cubic metre of excavated
material hauled one kilometre in excess of the free-haul limit. Payment for the haulage exceeding a
free-haul limit of 200 metres shall be made only for the excavated materials wasted to spoil banks,
or carried for use in the embankment works, or backfill work as directed by the Engineer.
Unless otherwise specifically provided, no separate payment shall be made for the haulage of
boulders or cobbles for rip-rap work, masonry work and gabion works, gravel or crushed
aggregates and sand for concrete works, and gravel for wearing course and filters.
Measurement of the quantity of materials shall be made in cubic metre for the compacted volume in
the embankment or backfill in case of borrowed materials and in the actually excavated volume in
case of spoil materials as specified. The haulage distance shall be measured along the shortest
direct route between the centre of excavation or borrow area and the centre of embankment, or
backfill, or deposited, or disposed area, as determined by the Engineer, regardless of haulage route
actually run.
Payment for haulage shall be made at the unit rate per cubic metre-kilometre determined by the
Engineer for Item No. A-11 and A-12 of the Bill of Quantities, regardless of the methods and the type
of equipment used for haulage, including loading and unloading, the materials.
3.6
3.6.1
Turfing
General
This work shall consist of furnishing all topsoil, grass and fertilizers and placing and incorporating
the same on embankment slopes and other locations shown on the Drawings or directed by the
Engineer.
3.6.2
Material
Grass shall be of the type that is available locally. Other grass types proven to grow well under the
local conditions may also be used subject to the prior approval of the Engineer.
3-10

EARTHWORKS
Fertilisers shall consist of standard commercial materials such as Nitrogen-Phosphate-Potassium

shared in ratio of 16:5:12 or in other suitable ratio approved by the Engineer. The application rate
shall be determined through soil analysis of soil samples taken from the area to be grassed.
3.6.3
Construction
The area to be grassed shall be brought to the required slope and cross-section by filling, reshaping
eroded areas and refinishing slopes, etc. The soil shall be loosened to a depth of 100 mm. All clods
larger than 200 mm in diameter shall be crushed. Where necessary, water shall then be applied.
Good quality topsoil shall then be added to the embankment soil. The rate of application shall be
equivalent to 50 mm loose thickness. The topsoil shall then be well mixed with the embankment
soil.
Fertiliser shall be spread and thoroughly incorporated into the prepared soil material.
Grass planting shall be started well in advance of the monsoon season to ensure establishment of
growth before the rain sets in and shall not be performed when the ground is muddy or when the
soil or weather conditions would otherwise prevent proper soil preparation and subsequent
operations.
Grass, as approved, shall be supplied in sods cut in sections of about 300 mm x 300 mm square.
The grass sods shall be cut in such a way as to provide a minimum 50 mm root and topsoil matrix
adhering to the sods.
The grass sods shall be placed and gently worked into the prepared bed. The grass cover shall be at
least 90 per cent of the area to be grassed, and evenly distributed over the area specified to be
grassed.
The whole area shall then be gently rolled and tamped.
Watering of the grassed areas shall be carried out immediately after planting. After the initial
watering, it shall be applied in sufficient amount as conditions may require to keep the soil and
plant roots moist during the growing period.
The Contractor shall appropriately maintain the grassed areas. Any erosion or slippage of the soil
caused by watering shall be repaired by the Contractor at his own expense.
3.6.4

The turfing/sod facing shall be measured in square metres of finished and accepted work. Payment
for turfing shall be made at the unit rate per square metre of the turfed/ sod faced area as indicated
in Item No. A-13 of the Bill of Quantities. The unit rate shall be deemed to include the cost of
furnishing all labour, material, incidentals for carrying out the work including preparation of grassbed, fertilizing and planting of grass as specified, watering, maintenance and all other procedures
specified herein.
3-11

CHAPTER 4
GRAVEL METALLING WORKS
4-1

CHAPTER 4 GRAVEL METALLING WORKS

4.1
General
The gravel metalling works implies the gravel wearing course . The gravel wearing
course shall mean the top surfacing course constructed from granular materials and placed
on the formation of a road where no other layers are to be placed on top of it.
4.2
Materials
Gravel wearing course material shall be crushed rock, natural or crushed gravel or
decomposed rock. The grading of the gravel wearing course after placing and compaction
shall be a smooth curve within and approximately parallel to the following table:
Sieve Size (mm)
% passing by weight
50
37.5
20.0
5.0
1.18
0.300
0.075
100
85-100
60-85
30-65
15-43
8-27
4-12
The material shall have a minimum 4-day soaked CBR of 30% at the specified in-situ
density. The maximum Los Angeles Abrasion Value shall be 50%. The material shall have a
Plasticity Index not less than 15 and not more than 35. The material shall not be flat and
elongated flaky and shall be spherical or cubical in shape.
4.3
Source of Material and Delivery

The Contractor shall supply details of alternative sources of the gravel materials proposed
for use. Unless otherwise directed, the Contractor shall be responsible for investigating the
source of supply of materials, and for submitting samples to the Engineer for testing and
approval prior to delivery. The Contractor shall bear the charges which may be necessary
for testing. All work involved in clearing and stripping of quarries and pits, including
handling unsuitable material encountered, shall be performed by the Contractor at his own
expense. Preliminary approval of a source shall not infer that all materials derived
therefrom will be acceptable.
No material shall be brought to Site until the Engineer has approved the source of supply,
the plant and methods to be used in producing the material and constructing the gravelwearing course. Such approval shall not relieve the Contractor from his responsibility for
arranging the production, placing and compaction.
4.4
Stockpiling
Approved gravel wearing course material shall be stockpiled in the manner and locations
approved by the Engineer. Prior to stockpiling, storage sites shall be cleaned and levelled
by the Contractor at his own expense. The Contractor shall ensure that there is no
segregation during stockpiling.
4.5
Preparation of Formation
4-2

The formation shall be cleaned of all foreign matter, and any potholes, loose materials,
ruts, corrugations, depressions and other defects which have appeared due to improper
drainage, traffic or any other cause shall be corrected, and, if considered necessary by the
Engineer, the Contractor shall scarify, water, grade and re-compact the sub-grade to the
specified line and level all at his own expense. The Engineer may require the formation to
be proof-rolled by a loaded truck, scraper or other approved means prior to dumping of the
wearing course material. The cost of all such proof rolling shall be at the Contractors
expense. The underlying layer shall be compacted to a minimum dry density of 93% of the
Maximum Dry Density (MDD) in accordance with IS 2720 Part VIII - heavy compaction.
4.6
Laying, and Compacting Gravel Wearing Course

The gravel wearing course material shall be deposited in such quantity, and spread in a
uniform layer across the full width required, so that the final compacted thickness is
nowhere less than shown on the Drawings or instructed by the Engineer. Every reasonable
effort shall be made to prevent segregation during the loading, hauling, dumping,
spreading, mixing, trimming and compacting operations.
The compacted thickness of any layer laid, processed and compacted at one time shall not
exceed 200 mm and where a greater compacted thickness is required, the material shall be
laid and processed in two or more layers. The minimum layer thickness shall be 100 mm.
The material shall be broken down in the pavement to the grading specified. Any oversize
material which cannot be broken down to the required size shall be removed and disposed
of by the Contractor at his own cost.
The material shall be scarified and the moisture content adjusted, by either uniformly
mixing in water or drying out the material, such that the moisture content during
compaction is between 95% and 102% of the Optimum Moisture Content (IS 2720 Part
VIII). Water shall be sprayed by water tanker equipped with sprinkling unit. The material
shall be graded and trimmed to final line and level. Light compaction may be applied before
the final trim is carried out but once 25% of the compactive effort has been applied no
further trimming, or correction of surface irregularities shall be allowed.
The compaction shall begin at the sides and progress to the centre, parallel with the centre
line of the roadway, uniformly lapping each preceding pass and covering the surface
completely.
The final trim shall be in cut and the Contractor shall ensure that material from the trim is
neither deposited in low areas nor spread across the section but graded clear of the works.
Following the final trim the material shall be compacted to a dry density of at least 95% of
MDD. During the grading, trimming, and compaction of the material the Contractor shall
ensure that the surface and/or the material does not dry out by applying fog, sprays of
water or other approved means sufficient to maintain the surface and/or material within the
specified limits of moisture content.
Vibratory rollers for the final compaction shall not be allowed.
4.7
Weather Limitations and Defective Material

The road base shall be constructed only when weather conditions do not detrimentally
affect the quality of the finished course. Any areas of the surface that are damaged by the
effects of weather conditions during any phase of construction shall be completely made
good to the satisfaction of the Engineer and at the expense of the Contractor.
4-3

If at any time during the progress of the work, any material supplied is found to be not in
accordance with this Specifications, the Engineer shall direct the Contractor to remove the
unsuitable material and replace it with satisfactory material. Previous acceptance of the
whole or part of the material by the Engineer shall not restrict his right to direct removal
and replacement of the material subsequently.
4.8
Quality control
The MDD and Optimum Moisture Content shall be determined for each new material
encountered and at intervals of at least once per 1,000 sq.m of each layer of compacted
material.
The field dry density shall be determined at least once per 500 sq.m of each layer of
compacted material but with a minimum of three tests per section.
The soaked CBR and Plasticity Index of material used for the gravel wearing course shall
be determined when opening up each new source and at least once per 1,000 cu.m of
compacted material taken from that source. The grading of the material shall be determined
at least once per 500 cu.m of compacted materials.
4.9
Grade and Alignment Control

Grade and alignment control stakes shall be furnished, set and maintained by the Contractor,
subject to checking by the Engineer, in order that the work shall conform to the lines, grades,
and cross-sections shown on the Drawings or ordered by the Engineer. The stakes shall be set
in rows on, and parallel with the centreline of, the roadway, and spaced so that string lines
may be stretched between them, but in no case more than 10 m apart.
4.10 Tolerances
4.10.1 Tolerances in Surface Levels
Measurements of surface levels shall be taken at points selected by the Engineer at 10 m
centres longitudinally and at 2 m centres transversely.
Tolerances in surface level shall be as follows:
Sub-grade
Gravel Surface
+ 20 mm to - 30 mm
+ 10 mm to - 10 mm
4.10.2 Tolerances in Surface Regularity

The surface regularity shall be tested at points decided by the Engineer with a 3-m long
straight edge placed parallel with or at right angles to the centreline of the road. The
maximum allowable deviation of the surface below the straight edge shall be 15 mm.
4.10.3 Rectification
Where any tolerances are exceeded the Contractor shall determine the full extent of the area
which is out of tolerance and shall make good the surface of the pavement course or
formation as follows:
4-4

If the sub-grade level is too high it shall be retrimmed and recompacted as specified. If the
formation surface is too low, the deficiency shall be corrected by the addition of suitable
material of the same classification or other approved material laid and compacted in
accordance with the Specifications.
In case of gravel wearing course, the material shall be scarified to a depth of 75 mm,
reshaped, with material added or removed as necessary and recompacted all to Specification.
The area treated shall be not less than 15 m long and 2 m wide or such area as determined by
the Engineer.
4.11 Measurement and Payment
Measurement for payment of gravel wearing course shall be made in place to the compacted
features and to the lines and dimensions shown in the Drawings or as directed by the
Engineer. Payment for gravel wearing course shall be made at the unit rate per cubic metre
for Item No. B-1 of the Bill of Quantities. The unit rate shall include all the costs of
collecting, crushing, sieving, storing, supplying loading, hauling, unloading, spreading, and
mixing the materials, levelling and compacting including preparation of formation, and
grading, smoothing and all the costs of labour, materials, construction equipment and all
other related work.
4-5

WORKS
CONCRETE
CHAPTER 5
5-1
CONCRETE WORKS

WORKS
CHAPTER
5.1
5.1.1
CONCRETE
CONCRETE WORKS
General
Standards and Codes of Practice
All concrete work shall be carried out in accordance with British Standard BS 8110 unless
otherwise specified herein. Conversion of stresses and densities in kN shall be made using the
following factor:
1 kN = 102.0 kg (force)
5.1.2
Drawings, Calculations and Method Statements

Before commencement of the concrete works, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for
his approval:
-
Detailed Method Statements with related working drawings necessary for the construction,
transportation and placing at site
Detailed calculations
Detailed construction drawings
Detailed drawings of formwork
The Method Statement shall contain, among others, details about the following, but shall not be
limited to:
5.1.3
Detailed time schedule showing the preparation, production, testing and placing activities
Details about material sources
Construction method
Details about placing the concrete
Details of the vibration system to consolidate the concrete during construction
Details of cooling system (method)
Details of the curing system
Transportation method
Placing method
Quality control system and quality assurance plan, etc.
Costs of Testing and Sampling of Concrete and Concrete Materials

The costs of all sampling, transport of samples and testing in connection with the concrete shall
be in accordance with the Conditions of Contract and these Technical Specifications and such
costs are to be borne by the Contractor. These costs shall be deemed to be included in and
covered by the unit rates for concrete as shown in the Bill of Quantities.
5.1.4
Failure to Meet Specified Requirements

If the specified requirements have not been met, the Contractor shall take such remedial action
as the Engineer or Engineers Representative may order, and shall, before proceeding further
with concreting, submit for their approval details of the action proposed to ensure that the
concrete still to be placed in the Works shall comply with the Specifications.
5.2
5.2.1
Materials
Cement
5-2

WORKS
CONCRETE
5.2.1.1 Quality and Type

The cement to be used in the Works shall be ordinary Portland cement complying in all respects
with BS 12. For the purposes of cement testing under BS 12, the Site shall be deemed to have a
tropical climate.
5.2.1.2 Tests on Cement
Before any cement is ordered in quantity or brought on to the site, the Contractor shall submit
to the Engineer a detailed list of the sources, country or countries of origin and manufacturers
brand names of the types of cement which he proposes to use.
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer, without charge, test certificates relating to each
consignment of cement. Each certificate shall show that a sample of the consignment has been
tested by the manufacturer or by an approved laboratory and that it complies in all respects
with the requirements of the Technical Specifications.
The cement will be tested in accordance with and shall meet the requirements of the NS Code.
When required by the Engineer the Contractor shall supply to the Engineer samples of cement
taken on delivery to, or during storage on the Site, for testing at the Contractors laboratory
without extra charge.
No cement from any consignment shall be used without the approval of the Engineer and the
Contractor shall maintain a record of the locations of the concrete made from each consignment
which record shall be available for inspection by the Engineer. If for any reason the Contractor
wishes to vary the source, country or manufacturer in respect of any type of cement at any time
during the Contract, he shall give adequate notice of every such variation and shall carry out all
tests called for by the Engineer on the proposed substitute cement, and shall obtain written
approval of the variation before ordering any substitute material.
The Engineer may call for new tests, at the Contractors expense, in particular if the cement has
been stored for a long time, to check the cement is still conforming to the requirements.
5.2.1.3 Delivery and Storage of Cement
Cement shall be delivered to the site in properly sealed paper bags or other approved
containers, stamped with date of delivery and marked sound. Cement from abroad shall be
packed in sealed plastic bags inside the paper bag. Cement shall be delivered in quantities
sufficient to ensure the proper progress of the Works and the quantities held in stock on site
shall be to the approval of the Engineer.
Each consignment of cement shall be stored separately so as to provide easy access for
inspection and testing. After they have been approved by the Engineer, consignments shall be
used in the order in which they were delivered. Any cement which shall prove to have been
exposed to damage by water will be rejected upon delivery.
Cement delivered in bags shall be stored in a weatherproof, waterproof and reasonably airtight
building provided solely for that purpose. The floors of the building shall be raised at least 30
cm above the ground level to prevent the absorption of moisture. It is not permitted to store
bags to a greater height than 2 metres. Storage in the open may be permitted on small works by
the written authority of the Engineer, in which case the cement shall be placed on a raised
platform and amply protected by waterproof coverings to the approval of the Engineer.
5-3

WORKS
CONCRETE
Cement, when being conveyed to the site in lorries or other vehicles, shall be adequately
protected from the weather and from contamination by dust, sand or any organic materials. In
the case of delivery of cement in bulk, the cement shall be stored in a properly designed silo.
The silo must be provided with walls properly insulated against sun radiation.
No cement shall be taken from the storage, unless it is needed for immediate use.
5.2.1.4 Cement Measured by Weight
All cement used in the Works shall be measured by weight. Cement from partly filled or
unsealed bags shall not be used.
5.2.1.5 Rejection of Cement
Notwithstanding the receipt of the test certificate as required by Sub-Clause 5.2.1.2 - Tests on
Cement, and the approval of the Engineer, the Engineer may reject any cement as a result of
further tests on compressive strength and chemical composition. The Engineer may also reject
cement which has deteriorated owing to inadequate protection or other causes, or in any other
case where the cement is not to his satisfaction. Re-tests, if required, are at the Contractors
expense. The Contractor shall remove all rejected cement from the site without delay and at the
Contractors expense.
5.2.2
Aggregates
5.2.2.1 Supply and Classification

The Contractor shall make his own arrangements for procuring, crushing, grading and
delivering aggregate for the Works, as required from sources to be approved by the Engineer.
Separate fine and coarse aggregate shall be used for the manufacture of concrete. Aggregates
shall be graded to produce a workable dense concrete.
(a) Coarse Aggregates
The term coarse aggregate is used to designate well graded aggregate mainly retained on a
5.00 mm, BS 410 test sieve and mainly passing a 37.50 mm, BS 410 test sieve. Coarse
aggregate shall be supplied in the following primary sizes:
Size designation
Normal size range
10 mm
5 mm to 10 mm
20 mm
5 mm to 20 mm
40 mm
5 mm to 40 mm
Coarse aggregate shall consist of natural gravel or crushed rock. Friable and flaky pieces such
as mica and shale shall not be present. Coarse aggregates shall be well graded within grading
given in Table 5.1 and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
Table 5.1: Percentage by Weight Passing Standard Sieves
Sieve Size (mm)
Size Designation
5 mm to 10 mm
5 mm to 20 mm
5-4
5 mm to 40 mm

WORKS
CONCRETE
50.0
100
37.5
100
95 - 100
20.0
100
95 - 100
37 - 70
10.0
85 - 100
30 - 60
10 - 40
5.0
0 - 25
0 - 10
05
The aggregate shall be free from adherent coatings and shall, if necessary, be washed for this
purpose and shall be free from sulphates.
Clay or silt lumps shall not exceed 0.25 per cent and material passing a BS sieve No. 200 shall
not exceed 1.0 per cent, both by weight. The content of coal and lignite shall not exceed 0.5 per
cent by weight.
(b) Fine Aggregates
The term fine aggregates is used to designate aggregate mainly passing a 5.00 mm, BS 410
test sieve and containing only that much coarser material as is permitted for the various grading
zones.
Fine aggregate shall consist of natural sand, or a mixture of natural sand and crushed gravel or
crushed rock. The aggregate shall not contain any flint, chirt or lime. The quantity of silt, clay
and dust, determined in accordance with the decantation method given in BS 812, shall not
exceed 3% by weight of the sample. The content of mica shall not exceed 3% by weight of the
sample. The aggregate shall not contain any deleterious material in such form or in sufficient
quantity as to affect adversely the quality of concrete, to which the tests described in Parts 6
and 8 of BS 1881 shall be the guide.
The Engineer shall permit the addition of crushed gravel or crushed rock fine aggregates to the
natural sand only where, in his opinion, it is impracticable to obtain the required fine aggregate
grading other than by such addition. The grading of the fine aggregates shall lie within one of
the grading zones as set out in Table 5.2 and specified in BS 882.
5-5

WORKS
CONCRETE
Table 5.2 Percentage by Weight Passing Standard Sieves

BS 410
Standard Mesh
10.0 mm
Grading Zone
1
100
Grading Zone
2
100
Grading Zone
3
100
Grading Zone
4
100
5.0 mm
90 - 100
90 100
90 - 100
95 - 100
2.36 mm
60 - 95
75 100
85 - 100
95 - 100
1.18 mm
30 - 70
55 90
75 - 100
90 - 100
600 m
15 - 35
35 60
60 - 80
80 - 100
300 m
5 - 20
8 30
12 - 40
15 - 50
0 - 10
0 10
0 - 10
0 15
150 m
5.2.2.2 Quality
All aggregates to be used in concrete shall be clean, hard, dense, sound, chemically inert, or
limited porosity and uncoated particles free from clayey or organic matter. Aggregates for
concrete shall comply with BS 882 : Part-2 and the following:
Grading: in accordance with Tables 5.1 and 5.2 herein.
Mechanical Properties: when tested in accordance with BS 812, Part 3, the Ten per cent
Fines Value shall be not less than 50 KN.
mica content test
Silt, Clay and Dust Fraction: when determined in accordance with the decantation method
given in BS 812, Part 1.
Water Absorption: when tested in accordance with BS 812 Part 2 the water absorption
after 24 hours shall not exceed 4%.
Soundness: when tested in accordance with the sodium sulphate soundness test specified in
ASTM C88 the aggregate shall have a percentage loss of less than 15.
Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity: when tested in accordance with ASTM C 289 aggregates
exhibiting evidence of alkali-aggregate reactivity will not be acceptable unless the
Contractor can show that the proposed cement aggregate combination, when tested in
accordance with ASTM C227 or other tests, will not produce deleterious alkali-aggregate
reactivity, as to which the Engineer shall be the sole judge.
Shrinkage: when determined in accordance with the BRE Digest 35 test the drying
shrinkage shall not exceed 0.065%.
5.2.2.3 Testing
Testing of aggregates is to be in accordance with BS 812 or as specified herein. For each
source of aggregate, and at least six weeks prior to the preparation of trial mixes, samples of
aggregates together with the results of the test requirements stipulated in Sub-Clauses 5.2.2.1
and 5.2.2.2, shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval of the sources of aggregate and
quality.
To check whether the aggregates contain lime, the particles shall be immersed in a 5 per cent
HCL solution after crushing. The aggregate shall be rejected if the particles dissolve in the
solution.
After approval has been given for any particular aggregate, a sample weighing at least 50 kg of
the approved aggregate shall be retained by the Engineer as a standard against which all future
samples can be compared.
5-6

WORKS
CONCRETE
Approval of a source of aggregate by the Engineer shall not be construed as constituting the
approval of all materials to be taken from that source, and the Contractor shall be responsible
for the specified quality of all such materials used in the Works. The Contractor shall not obtain
aggregates from sources which have not been approved by the Engineer.
During the course of the Contract, the Contractor shall supply to the Engineer samples of
aggregates taken in accordance with BS 812 at a frequency of at least once a week, or as
directed by the Engineer from each aggregate stockpile. The samples shall be delivered to the
Site laboratory for testing under the supervision of the Engineer.
If the routine tests carried out by the Engineer show the aggregate to be not to the same
standard as originally approved, then subsequent testing to obtain acceptable aggregates shall
be undertaken by the Contractor at his own cost.
5.2.2.4 Washing and Screening
Aggregates shall be washed and screened as necessary, to produce aggregates meeting the
specified requirements. All such washing and screening shall be to the satisfaction of the
Engineer.
Should mica be present in unacceptable quantities, its removal shall be effected by techniques
approved by the Engineer. The costs of all washing and screening shall be included in the unit
rates for concrete in the Bill of Quantities.
5.2.2.5 Storage
Aggregates shall be stored in separate stockpiles in such a manner that the intermingling of
materials from separate stockpiles or bins is not possible, and so as to prevent contamination by
mud, rubbish, windblown dust or vegetation. Aggregate stockpiles shall be provided with
adequate drainage to ensure rapid drainage of the aggregates. The storage arrangements shall
be to the approval of the Engineer.
5.2.3
Water
Water used in mixing and curing of concrete shall be subject to approval, and shall be
reasonably clean and free of oil, salt, acid, alkali, sugar, vegetable or other substances injurious
to the finished project. Water shall comply with BS 3148.
In no case shall the water contain an amount of impurities which will cause a change in the time
of initial or final set of the cement of more than 30 minutes, nor a reduction in the compressive
strength of mortar of more than 10 per cent at any time of testing, when compared to the results
obtained with distilled water.
Water for mixing, washing aggregates, curing and rinsing shall not contain:
More than 500 mg/l of chlorides as Cl;
More than 500 mg/l of sulphates as SO3;
More than 2,000 parts per million of insoluble residues;
An acid degree of pH > 5.
Furthermore, the chloride content in mixing water must be such that in no case, the total
amount of chlorides in water, cement, aggregates and additives of the fresh concrete, shall
exceed 0.3 per cent of the weight of cement.
The Contractor shall deliver to the Engineer, without charge, samples of the water proposed for
use in the Works, for the Engineer to carry out such tests as he may require to confirm its
5-7

WORKS
CONCRETE
suitability. Samples will be delivered sufficiently in advance of the Works for completion of the
tests before the water is required for use, and at such other times during the course of the
Contract as the Engineer may direct. If required by the Engineer, the Contractor shall, without
extra charge, treat the water taken from any other source to such a degree as may be necessary
in order to render it suitable for mixing and mortar.
5.2.4
Chemicals in Concrete
The total sulphate content, whether as gypsum or more soluble salts, of the concrete ingredients
when measured as sulphur trioxide shall not exceed 4% of the weight of cement in the concrete.
The chloride content of the concrete ingredients, when measured as chloride ion, shall not
exceed 0.2% of the weight of cement in the concrete. If instructed by the Engineer, the
Contractor shall obtain samples from the concrete for testing, in accordance with BS 1881, Part
6. The cost of sampling and transport shall be covered by the unit rates for concrete.
5.2.5
Admixtures
No materials of any description shall be used in any concrete mix other than aggregates, cement
and water as defined in these Technical Specifications, unless specified otherwise or with the
written approval of the Engineer in each and every case, or as otherwise instructed by him.
The Engineer shall only approve additives for which properly documented evidence is available,
showing that the 28-day characteristic cube strengths produced with such additives are not less
than the strengths of the corresponding plain concrete mixes. The Engineer may, in addition,
order cubes to be made and tested at the Contractors expense of concretes containing such
additives before giving his approval to the incorporation of any of the proposed additives in
concrete used for the permanent Works.
Additives (if applied) shall not produce concretes which are less dense, more porous, have
inferior surface structures, or are more susceptible to humidity or temperature movement than
the corresponding plain concrete mixes. Under no circumstances shall any additive containing
calcium chloride be used in any concrete mix, grout or mortar. Additives shall be used with
caution and every care shall be taken to prevent over-dosage.
The Contractor should note that any commercial description of any additive issued by
manufacturers shall not be accepted when proposing such an additive for the approval of the
Engineer. In order to save delay, the Contractor shall submit the complete description about the
chemical composition of any additive, and of its anticipated effect on the particular mixes in
which it is proposed to be used, including the reason for its necessity.
All additives shall be supplied to the Works in containers or packages clearly marked with the
recommended dosage for each type of mix in which they are to be used.
As far as possible, powder additives shall be supplied in individual sacks containing the exact
amount for one charge of a standard mixer. Liquids or powders, which are to be used as
solutions, shall be dispensed by means of an appliance fixed to the mixer, whereby weight,
volume or dosing time can be recorded.
All additive dispensers shall be thoroughly cleaned before commencing each days work and at
every interruption of the Works.
Samples for checking the calibration and dosage of additives shall be taken at regular intervals
and records kept to enable correlations to be made with test cubes and the positions of concrete
containing additives in the structure.
5-8

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CONCRETE
Any cement containing additives shall be supplied in bags or containers clearly marked to show
the nature and quantity of such additives, and shall be stored separately from any other type of
cement.
Before using any additive or combination of additives in any mix, the Contractor shall be
required to prepare trial batches of concrete, at his own expense, for the approval of the
Engineer to establish the compatibility of the additives with the cements and aggregates actually
in use on the Site. As far as possible, such trial batches shall be mixed and compacted under
similar conditions of temperature and humidity to that likely to be experienced by the bulk of
the concrete to be used in the Works.
Selected specimens from these trial batches shall be tested at suitable times for hardness, colour
match, surface finish, water absorption and density, and shall be compared with similar
specimens of plain concrete without additives. The compaction, workability and slump of the
mixes with and without additives shall be similarly compared.
Notwithstanding any previously given approval, the Engineer may withdraw such approval at
any time with respect to any mix containing additives if the performance of the particular
additive under actual site conditions is not completely satisfactory.
Any batch of concrete which has received an excessive dose of an additive or which shows
deterioration after placing, as a result of incorrect use of additives, shall be cut out or otherwise
replaced at the Contractors expense. Claims for extra payment caused by delay, due to the
rejection of any additive or mix containing an additive, will not be accepted. In case plain mixes
are not adequate and additives are required, the Engineer reserves the right to specify other
particular additives and/or methods. The price quoted by the Contractor for concrete works
shall be deemed to include the cost of mixing, transporting, placing and compacting concrete
containing additives when applicable.
These provisions shall also cover the use of additives in special grouts used for grouting the
steel Seal Plates.
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5.3
Concrete Properties/Tests and Placing /Compaction
5.3.1
Concrete Properties and Tests
5.3.1.1 Classes and Grades of Concrete

The concrete used in the Works shall be of the grades or classes shown on the Drawings or
indicated in the Bill of Quantities or instructed by the Engineer. The characteristics of the mixes
of concrete to be used in the Works shall be as given in Table 5.3 unless otherwise approved by
the Engineer.
5.3.1.2 Maximum Sizes of Aggregate to be Used
Unless shown on the Drawings or given in the Bill of Quantities, the maximum size of coarse
aggregates in concrete for any part of the Works shall be the largest of the sizes given in Table
5.3. The Contractor shall obtain the approval of the Engineer for the maximum size of
aggregates in each section of the Works.
5.3.1.3 Compressive Strength Compliance
The compressive strength of the concrete shall be based on the compression testing of 150 mm
concrete cubes, made and tested in accordance with BS 1881, Parts 1, 3 and 4 on the testing
equipment installed by the Contractor in the Site Laboratory under the supervision of the
Engineer.
The compressive strength of the concrete is specified by the specified compressive strength in
Table 5.3 for each grade of concrete. The concrete in the Works shall be considered to comply
with the compressive strength requirements specified in Table 5.3 if not more than 5% of the
28-day cube compressive strength test results fall below the specified compressive strengths
and the 28-day cube strengths shown in Table 5.4 are equal or exceeded.
Table 5.3: Classes of Concrete
Concrete Classes
Grades
Maximum
Aggregate
Size
(mm)
Specified
Compressive
Strength
(N/sq.mm.)
Minimum
Cement Content
(kg/cu.m.)
Maximum
Cement Content
(kg/cu.m.)
Maximum Water
to Cement Ratio
M40
M
40/20
20
M25
M
25/20
20
M
20/40
40
M 20
M
20/20
20
M
20/10
10
M 15
M
M
15/40
15/20
40
20
40
25
20
20
20
15
15
10
375
375
290
330
330
330
240
200
425
425
400
400
400
400
400
400
0.5
0.5
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.60
The tentative use of the above classes of concrete shall be as follows:

Class
Use of Concrete
5-10
M 10
M
10/40
40

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M 40
M 20
M 25
M 15
CONCRETE
- Precast Piles, Heavy Diversion Structures, Wearing coat

- Reinforced concrete at important and/or thin parts/sections
- Precast Units
- Reinforced concrete at less important and/or thick
parts/sections
- Plain concrete at less important and/or thin parts/sections
- Plain concrete at less important and/or thick parts/sections
- Mass concrete
M 10
Levelling/Lean concrete
The standard deviation (st.) in Table 5.4 shall be determined from cube results of at least 40
separate batches of concrete for each concrete grade produced on the Site from similar
materials by the same plant under similar supervision. When 40 cube results are not available
and for the initial mix designs the value of the standard deviation shall be taken as Table 5.5.
The concrete represented by a group of four consecutive test cubes shall include the batches
from which samples were taken to make the first and last cubes in the group of four, together
with all the intervening batches. If only one cube result fails to meet the minimum individual
cube strength given in Table 5.4, then the result shall be considered to represent only the
particular batch of concrete from which that cube was taken, provided that the average strength
of the group of four results in which the low cube occurs satisfies the second requirement of
Table 5.4. The action to be taken in respect of the concrete represented by test cubes which fail
to meet the compliance values given in Table 5.4 shall be determined by the Engineer which
may range from qualified acceptance in less severe cases, to rejection and removal.
Table 5.4: Cube Strength Compliance Values
Concrete Grade
Minimum Individual Cube

Result (N/sq.mm.)
M 40/20
34
Mean of any Four

Consecutive Cube Results
(N/sq.mm.)
40 + 0.82 st
M25/20
21.1
25+0.82 st
M 20/40
17
20 + 0.82 st.
M 20/20
17
20 + 0.82 st.
M 20/10
17
20 + 0.82 st.
M 15/40
12.8
15 + 0.82 st.
M 15/20
12.8
15 + 0.82 st.
M 10/40
8.5
10 + 0.82 st.
Table 5.5: Standard Deviation for Mix design

Concrete Grade
40/20
Standard Deviation
(N/sq.mm)
9
25/20
20/40
9
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20/20
20/10
15/40
15/20
10/40
5.3.1.4 Water Cement Ratio

The maximum water cement ratios specified in Table 5.3 shall be the ratios by weight of free
water to cement in the mix based on the aggregates being in a saturated surface dry condition.
Throughout concrete production the actual water cement ratio shall be strictly monitored and
the batch quantities of aggregates and water regularly adjusted to maintain the design water
cement ratio.
5.3.1.5 Workability
Concrete shall be of such consistency that it can be readily worked into the corners and angles
of the formwork and around reinforcement without segregation of the materials or bleeding of
free water at the free surface or against formwork. On striking the formwork the concrete shall
present a face which is uniform, free from honeycombing, surface crazing, or excessive dusting,
and which shall not, in the opinion of the Engineer, be inferior to the specified standards.
Concrete to be placed underwater shall have high workability such that the specified strength is
achieved without compaction.
Concrete workability shall be as low as practical for the placement and workability and shall be
within the limits given in Table 5.5 unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. The tolerances
given in BS 8110 shall not apply.
Table 5.6: Range of Slump Values
Type of Concrete
Slump (mm)
Precast Concrete
10 to 50
Mass Concrete and Plain Concrete
25 to 75
Reinforced Concrete
50 to 100
Underwater Concrete
100 to 200
5.3.1.6 Mix Design

The Contractor shall prepare trial mixes having workability, strength and surface finish as
criteria, to satisfy the Engineer regarding these qualities. The trial mixes shall be made and
compacted in the presence of the Engineer, using the same type of equipment as will be used for
the Works.
Not later than 56 days before commencement of concreting operations, the Contractor shall
inform the Engineer in writing about mix designs he proposes to use, and his target slumps for
the various Items. The Contractor shall then conduct trials on mixes for each type, at least 45
days before concreting commences and at no extra cost to the Contract. These trials shall not
cease until the Contractor has demonstrated that the requirements of these Technical
Specifications have been met.
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From each trial mix, preliminary 150 mm test cubes shall be made in sets of nine for testing
after 28 days. The preliminary cubes shall be made, cured and tested in accordance with BS
1881. They shall be tested by the Contractor in a nominated laboratory in the presence of the
Engineer and the certified copies of the results of all tests shall be submitted to the Engineer.
The trial mix proportions shall be approved if the average of the nine cubes tested at 28 days
exceeds the values specified Table 5.7.
From the same mix as that from which the preliminary test cubes are made, the consistency of
the concrete shall be determined by the compacting factor test in accordance with the BS 1881,
or other method approved by the Engineer. The remainder of the mix shall be cast in a wooden
mould and compacted.
Table 5.7: Average Compressive Strength for Trial Mix Propertions.
Concrete Class
40/20
Average Compressive Strength (N/sq.mm)

40 + 1.64 st. 3.5
25/20
25 + 1.64 st 3.5
20/40
20 + 1.64 st. 3.5
20/20
20 + 1.64 st. 3.5
20/10
20 + 1.64 st. 3.5
15/40
15 + 1.64 st. 3.5
15/20
15 + 1.64 st. 3.5
10/40
10 + 1.64 st. 3.5
After 24 hours the sides of the mould shall be struck and the surface examined in order to
satisfy the Engineer that an acceptable surface can be obtained with this mix. When a proposed
mix has been approved, no variation shall be made in the mix proportions, grading zone or
source of any of the constituents without the consent of the Engineer.
5.3.1.7 Works Cube Tests
During the course of the Works and at such time as the Engineer may direct, 150 mm test cubes
of concrete shall be made on site, cured and tested in a nominated, or in the Contractors
laboratory in accordance with BS 1881. Particular care shall be taken to ensure that the test
cubes are stored under uniform conditions throughout the year, including a complete covering
of damp thick jute sheet or similar approved material, constantly sprayed with water whilst in
the mould and during any transit between site and laboratory, and also including subsequent
storage immersed in water kept strictly within the specified temperature range.
If the cubes fail to attain the target average strength during an initial work test, additional tests
may be required and the concrete which they represent shall be removed and replaced by
concrete complying with the Technical Specifications to the satisfaction of the Engineer. In this
case no extra costs can be claimed by the Contractor.
The cost of sampling, making and curing work test cubes, together with the provision of the
cube moulds, all other necessary equipment and apparatus and the packing and transport to the
laboratory, shall be included in the rates. All cubes shall be marked at the same time of casting
with the date, the class of concrete and other necessary remarks to identify the part of the
Works, from which such cubes were taken.
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If, in the opinion of the Engineer, the quality of the concrete gives reason to perform additional
tests, the Contractor shall make supplementary cubes. Payment for this is deemed to be
included in the rates.
5.3.1.8 Frequency of Tests
During manufacture and placing of concrete, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, at least
two samples of each pour during each day, but not less than two samples for each 50 cu.m of
concrete, shall be taken. All samples shall be random samples, taken in the presence of the
Engineer, moulded and cured and tested in accordance with the requirements of BS 1881.
The concrete shall be compacted by hand and well covered with wet gunny bags, all in the
shade. After 24 hours in the mould the cubes shall be taken out and put in water. They shall be
kept there until sent to the laboratory, well covered with wet gunny bags. In the laboratory the
cubes shall be kept in water until being crushed, unless otherwise specified. The curing water at
the site shall be well shaded and the temperature of the water shall be recorded daily using a
maximum and minimum thermometer.
Unless otherwise instructed, each set of cube tests shall consist of 6 cubes, three cubes shall be
crushed 7 days after mixing, and three cubes shall be crushed 28 days after mixing. The day of
casting is to be clearly marked on the cubes. The results of the concrete cube tests shall be
assessed in accordance with BS 1881.
The strength requirement shall be deemed to be satisfied if the 7-day cube strength is not less
than three fourths of the specified 28-day cube strength for work tests. If the work cube
strength derived from these tests do not reach the desired value, the mix shall be redesigned at
no extra cost to the Employer.
The Engineer may direct the non-destructive test to the contractor for the completed portion
of the concrete work as necessary. No separate payment will be paid for such tests.
5.3.1.9 Concrete Cores

If the results for the compressive strength of the concrete do not fulfil the requirements as stated
in the foregoing Item, or if, in the opinion of the Engineer defects of workmanship during
construction give rise to doubt as to the strength, durability and/or safety of the structure or
part thereof, supplementary testing may be performed.
If, in the opinion of the Engineer additional testing is necessary, at least six concrete cores shall,
where ordered by the Engineer, be drilled or cut from the work and tested in accordance with
BS 1881. The cores shall be approximately 150 mm in diameter and, where possible, have a
height/diameter ratio of two, the correction factor given in BS 1881 shall be applied to give the
equivalent strength of a cylinder having a height/diameter ratio of two.
If the compressive strength of the cores, adjusted for height/diameter ratio and age, fails to
attain the characteristic compressive strength at 28 days as specified above, the concrete which
they represent shall be cut out, removed and replaced with concrete to the satisfaction of the
Engineer at no extra cost. The cost of sampling, drilling or cutting and preparing cores, together
with the provision of equipment and apparatus and the packing and transporting to the
Employers laboratory shall be included in the rates.
5.3.1.10 Water and Slump Tests
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A check on the moisture content of the aggregate shall be made before concreting begins, for the
purpose of assessing the amount of free water to be added at the mixer.
The Contractor shall provide himself with a chart, a copy of which shall be given to the
Engineer for approval, relating moisture content in aggregate to water to be added at the mixer
for the class of concrete in use. The amount of water introduced into the mix shall be strictly
controlled and shall be the minimum amount consistent with complete compaction.
The device for measuring water shall show accurately the quantity, and be so designed that the
water supply will be automatically cut off while water is being discharged into the mix.
Frequent slump tests shall be carried out in accordance with BS 1881 on samples of concrete
taken immediately before placing to determine the consistency of the concrete. The slumps of
the trial mixes shall be recorded for identification purposes and for subsequent use as a rough
routine check on quality. However, slump shall not be used as an officially acceptable measure
of the workability of any concrete.
5.3.1.11 Weight Batching and Mixing
Materials for the concrete shall separately be proportioned by weight in an approved weighbatcher and shall be thoroughly mixed in a batch mixer of an approved size and type so as to
ensure a uniform distribution of the materials throughout the concrete. The majority of the
concrete will have to be produced in a concrete batching plant of sufficient capacity for
continuous casting of large quantities of concrete (50 cu-m/hour).
The type of the mixer must be in accordance with the maximum nominal size of the aggregate.
The materials shall be mixed for a period and at a drum speed specified by the manufacturer of
the mixer. Mechanical means shall be provided for recording the number of revolutions for each
batch and automatically preventing the discharge of the mixer until the materials have been
mixed the specified minimum time. The first batch of concrete materials placed in the mixer
shall contain a sufficient excess of cement, sand and water to coat the inside of the drum
without reducing the required mortar content of the mix.
Upon cessation of mixing for a considerable period, the mixer shall be thoroughly cleaned and
the process repeated. The maximum size of the batch shall not exceed the maximum rated
capacity of the mixer as stated by the manufacturer and as stamped on the mixer. All mixing
and handling plants shall also be thoroughly cleaned in case of using a different type of cement.
Under no circumstances shall concrete be mixed with more than one type of cement in any one
batch.
The Engineer may, at his discretion, forbid the mixing or placing of any concrete if he considers
the ambient temperature too high. The Contractor may also be required by the Engineer to carry
out frequent cleaning of equipment to remove deposits of hardened or dried concrete which
accrete rapidly at high air temperatures. All hazards attaching to the batching and mixing of
concrete under the climatic conditions at the site shall be deemed to be contingencies of the
Contract and the Contractor shall make whatever allowances which he may consider necessary
for ensuring the production of concretes complying fully with this Technical Specifications
under any climatic conditions at any time during the Contract and to the entire satisfaction of
the Engineer.
5.3.1.12 Ready Mixed Concrete
Ready mixed concrete may be used only with the approval of the Engineer and shall comply
with all requirements of the Contract. The concrete shall be carried in purpose made agitators,
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operating continuously, or truck mixers, which shall comply with BS 4251, or similar
approved. For each batch of concrete, the time of introduction of cement and water to the
aggregates shall be recorded and forwarded to the Engineer. Water shall be added either at the
delivery point or at the central batching plant. In no circumstances shall water be added in
transit.
Concrete shall be discharged and placed within one hour after the time of loading, or other such
time as may be found necessary and approved by the Engineer to ensure that the concrete has
the required workability at the time of discharge and placing. The time of loading shall be the
time of contact between the cement and aggregates or, when these are surface dry, between
cement and added water.
5.3.2
Placing and Compaction
5.3.2.1 Preparatory Works

The Engineers approval in writing shall always be obtained before any concrete is placed in
the Works.
The formwork or area of disposition shall be cleaned as specified in Sub-Clause 5.5:
Formwork.
All construction equipment and materials required, or which may be required, during the
concreting work and for cooling and curing, shall be on site and fully prepared for the work.
The Engineers approval to place concrete will only be given after all these preparations and
other relevant requirements of the Technical Specifications have been carried out and complied
with.
If concreting is to be executed at night or when otherwise daylight is not sufficient, the
Contractor shall provide for sufficient lamps on site so that all elements of the site relevant for
the concreting will be clearly visible.
Struts, stays and braces, serving temporarily to hold the formwork for structures in correct
shape and alignment, pending the placing of concrete at their locations, shall be removed when
the concrete placing has reached an elevation rendering their services unnecessary. These
temporary members shall be entirely removed from the formwork and not buried in the
concrete. If necessary and/or directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall cool any formwork
that has become overheated or exceptionally dry through prolonged exposure to the sun. The
Contractor shall ensure that all shuttering retains sufficient humidity content and does not
become shrunken or warped. All soaking or spraying of shuttering shall be done with pure
water. The Engineer may forbid altogether the placing of concrete in any formwork which he
judges has become too hot and/or dry and that concrete members cannot be satisfactorily
produced there from.
No extra payment for cooling or soaking formwork shall be claimed, and costs incurred by the
Contractor, due to shuttering becoming too hot or dry, shall be deemed to be included in the
rates.
5.3.2.2 Depositing in Works
The methods of conveying and depositing concrete shall be such as to prevent segregation of
the materials, and shall be approved by the Engineer before concreting begins.
Concrete shall be deposited directly in the Works, without the need for rehandling, as soon as
possible and not more than 20 minutes after mixing and, in any case, before the initial set has
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taken place. If any delay has occurred after mixing and the concrete has begun to set, it shall
not be used in the Works and shall be removed from the Site. Normally, concrete for structures
may be deposited at a maximum vertical height of 1.50 metres without the use of tubes,
provided suitable measures are taken to prevent segregation and premature coating of upper
reinforcing steel.
When placing operations involves dropping concrete from more than 1.50 m height, it shall be
deposited through sheet metal slides or other approved pipes. As far as practical, the pipes shall
be kept full of concrete during placing and their lower ends shall be kept buried in the newly
placed concrete.
Concreting of any section or unit of the Works shall be carried out in one continuous operation
and no interruption of the concreting will be allowed without the approval of the Engineer.
Where deposition of concrete has to be interrupted, precautions shall be taken to ensure
satisfactory adhesion of later batches of concrete to that previously placed. Where delays of
more than one hour occur between successive concreting operations in one section or unit of
Works, concreting shall only be resumed when, in the opinion of the Engineer, the previously
placed concrete has had ample time to harden and the resulting joint shall be treated as a
Construction Joint within the meaning and description of the Sub-Clause 5.9.1.1.
When concrete is being placed, a competent steel fixer shall be in continuous attendance to
adjust and correct the position of any reinforcement which may be displaced. The Contractor
shall take care that during, and immediately after, depositing in the work of the concrete, the
concrete will not be contaminated by dust, organic matter or other foreign material.
Concrete that, in the opinion of the Engineer, has been contaminated, will be regarded as
inferior and shall be dealt with as described in Sub-Clause 5.3.2.9.
Transportation of concrete directly over the fixed reinforcement during the depositing shall not
be allowed without proper provisions to avoid displacing or any other harm to the
reinforcement.
5.3.2.3 Depositing Concrete under Water
A retarding agent shall be added to the concrete, and Portland blast furnace slag cement (BS
12) shall be used. The cement contents shall not be less than 400kg/cu.m of concrete. The
consistency shall be such that the concrete will flow out evenly from the tremie tube.
Concreting shall commence immediately after approval of the bottom of the wall and after the
reinforcing cage has been placed. If concreting has not been started within four hours after
cleaning the bottom of the wall, the cleaning shall be repeated at the Contractors expense.
Continuity of concrete placing is essential and a continuous rate of at least 20 cu.m concrete
per hour is desirable.
Concreting of a wall shall be carried out without construction joints and executed under
bentonite by the tremie method. The bentonite level within the wall shall be kept at a constant
elevation, well above ground or water elevation outside the casing. The tremie tube shall be
filled with concrete while slowly lowering a valve or plug. The tremie tube shall, at all times, be
kept full of concrete up to the bottom of the hopper, while the discharge end shall be kept
sufficiently submerged (2 to 6 m) in already deposited concrete to prevent surging of bentonite
into the tube. The location of the discharge of the tremie tube, relative to the surface of
deposited concrete, shall be kept under strict supervision at all times. If, by accident, the
concrete in the tremie tube sinks below the bottom of the hopper, the tube shall be refilled in
such a way that no air or bentonite is trapped in the tube.
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The first 0.5 cu.m of concrete to be deposited in a wall may consist of grout, with a consistency
and quality corresponding to the rest of the concrete in the wall.
Concreting shall be continued to such a level above the theoretical cut-off elevation (minimum
300 mm) in order to ensure the concrete below this cut-off elevation is of a satisfactory quality.
The cut-off elevations are as shown on the Drawings unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
After one week of hardening of the concrete the top of the wall shall be cut-off at the theoretical
cut-off elevation without damaging the reinforcement or the concrete under the specified cut-off
level, and in such a way as to produce a horizontal bearing surface.
5.3.2.4 Depositing in Layers
Concrete shall be deposited in approved quantities and in horizontal layers of such thickness as
to permit thorough compaction, expel air and bond with the layers below. However, in no case
shall the thickness of the layer be deeper than 0.30 m. Each layer shall be placed and
consolidated before the preceding batch has started its initial set.
If, for unforeseen reasons, it is necessary to stop concreting before completion of the layer then
construction joints as specified shall be formed and further concreting will be suspended for at
least 24 hours.
5.3.2.5 Compaction of Concrete
All concrete shall be thoroughly compacted immediately after deposition to expel air and to
ensure the concrete is in full contact with all contained and embedded surfaces. Vibrators shall
be used for compacting, unless otherwise specified or ordered by the Engineer. The type of
vibrator to be used is subject to the approval of the Engineer. Vibrators of the immersion type
shall have a frequency of 5,000 - 8,000 vibrations per minute for concrete with a slump of
more than 80 mm and a frequency of 9,000 - 12,000 vibrations per minute for concrete with a
slump less or equal to 80 mm. The Contractor shall provide a sufficient number of vibrators to
properly compact each batch immediately after it is placed in the formwork.
The Contractor shall also provide at least a 50 per cent duplication of all vibration equipment
as standby during any period of concreting.
Vibrators shall not be allowed to come into contact with the reinforcement or formwork and
great care shall be taken to avoid over-vibration causing segregation or pockets in the finished
mass. All personnel handling vibrators shall be trained in their proper use.
Vibration shall not be applied directly or through the reinforcement to sections or layers of
concrete which have hardened to the degree that the concrete ceases to be plastic under
vibration. It shall not be used to make concrete flow in the formwork over distances so great as
to cause segregation, and vibrators shall not be used to transport concrete in the formwork.
Every care shall be taken to see that reinforcement and fittings attached to the formwork are not
disturbed and that no damage is caused to concrete that has already set or to the internal face of
the formwork by using immersion type vibrators. In areas of congested reinforcement, it may be
necessary to use small diameter pokers and the Contractor shall supply suitable sizes of pokers
for each part of the work. Vibration of concrete by hammering the formwork with hand tools
shall not be permitted.
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Concrete that, in the opinion of the Engineer, has been compacted in a way that does not
conform with the Technical Specifications as described above will be regarded as inferior and
shall be dealt with as described in Sub-Clause 5.3.2.9.
5.3.2.6 Construction Joints
Construction joints shall be made only where located on the drawings prepared by the
Contractor and approved by the Engineer. Construction joints shall be formed only on
horizontal planes.
Construction joints shall comply in all respects with Sub-Clause 5.9.1.1.
5.3.2.7 Concreting in Unfavourable Weather

Concreting shall not be permitted during heavy rain or stormy weather or when the concrete
temperature rises above 32C on discharge from the mixer. When the air temperature exceeds
25C, concreting will only be permitted after special precautions, approved by the Engineer,
have been taken to prevent early setting of the concrete, such as using chilled mixing water,
keeping the aggregates and shutters continuously sprayed with water and erection of temporary
sun shades over the working area. During concreting operations, the temperature of the placed
concrete shall be recorded. The minimum internal temperature of the concrete within 24 hours
after casting in place should not be more than 30C in excess of the ambient temperature or
more than 60C.
Since the temperatures in the project area frequently exceed 25C the Contractor shall submit a
Method Statement, describing all special precautions as described above for the approval of the
Engineer as required by Sub-Clause 5.1.2. Prior to giving his approval, the Engineer shall
solicit the advice of the Employer. No concreting shall be allowed before approval of the
Contractors Method Statement.
The measures to be taken shall generally comply with the requirements and/or
recommendations as described in ACI 305-R77 (Hot weather concreting).
All cracks wider than 0.3 mm caused by thermal stresses or other causes shall be repaired by
the Contractor, by injecting epoxy-resin with a low viscosity. The epoxy resin shall be subject
to the Engineers approval. Any additional cost in connection with the above mentioned
preparations and injections with epoxy-resin shall be included in the unit rate of concrete
works.
5.3.2.8 Curing of Concrete
Until a period of 7 days has elapsed from the time of placing the concrete, it shall be kept
protected against loss of moisture, rapid temperature change, rain and flowing water,
mechanical injury and contamination by airborne dust and/or sand. All methods to be used for
curing and protection of freshly placed concrete shall be subject to the prior approval of the
Engineer. These methods shall include the use of curing membranes, watering, damp covers,
shades and/or any other precautions that the Engineer may require.
Curing membranes shall be sprayed on the surface of the concrete as soon as all free water has
evaporated from the surface. In the case of forms that have been eased or struck before 7 days
have elapsed from the date of placing concrete, the curing membranes shall be applied
immediately after the shutter has been removed.
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In the case rain falls on the newly coated concrete before the film has dried sufficiently to resist
damage, or if the film is damaged in any other manner, a new coat of the solution shall be
applied to the affected portions.
The Contractor shall submit details of the curing procedure he proposes to use, to the Engineer
for his approval.
During very hot weather conditions, the Contractor may be required to cool and/or wet
formwork containing concrete by spraying with water and this shall be carried out where
directed notwithstanding and whatever other measures the Contractor may employ for the
curing of the concrete.
All materials, spray equipment and an ample supply of water for curing shall be ready on site
before any concreting starts. The quality of water used for curing shall comply with Sub-Clause
5.2.3.
The Contractor may submit for the Engineers consideration alternative methods of curing
which will achieve a result at least as good as those specified, and the Engineer shall approve or
reject such alternative methods without any reason being given. Concrete that is, in the opinion
of the Engineer, not cured according to the approved curing procedure will be regarded as
inferior and shall be dealt with as described in Sub-Clause 5.3.2.9.
5.3.2.9 Faulty Work
Any portion of the work which is honeycombed or otherwise inferior shall, on the written
instruction of the Engineer, immediately be cut out and reconstructed in an approved manner
without extra charge. Plastering of defective Works shall not be permitted.
5.3.2.10 Record of Concreting
All pre-cast concrete elements shall have the date of casting engraved on them before the
concrete has fully hardened. Any undated elements may be liable to be rejected by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall take all measures necessary for the curing and protection of the elements
after fabrication.
5.3.2.11 Cast-in Parts
The cast-in parts, such as lifting lugs, steel plates to fit the Rubber Seals, nosing angles,
supporting structures, etc. shall be fixed in the positions as indicated on the Drawings or as
Anchor bolts must be free from rust, dirt or grease and be properly stored before using. The
delivering, processing and fixing of the cast-in parts shall be deemed to be included in the rates
for the steel structures.
5.3.2.12 Blockouts
Concrete blockouts shall be formed where metalwork and other various items specified under
the Contract are to be installed by the Contractor. Where blockouts are to be made, the concrete
surfaces shall be chipped, roughened, cleaned and kept moist for at least 4 hours. After such
surfaces have been approved by the Engineer and the metalwork and such other items as
specified above have been installed in position, the Contractor shall place reinforcement (if
required) and cement concrete of M15 grade or concrete of the same type as that specified for
the surrounding concrete, which ever is of a higher grade.
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CONCRETE
If blockouts are filled with concrete as specified above, care shall be taken that the freshly
placed concrete is tightly bonded to the previously placed concrete and that complete adhesion
between the concrete and all metalwork and other items in the blockouts is obtained.
The cost of making and backfilling blockouts shall be included in the unit rate of the respective
concrete types in the Bill of Quantities.
5.3.2.13 Grouting
All grout required to be used for spaces under ready made equipment metalwork (gates, guides
etc.,) or as may be required by the Engineer shall be furnished by the Contractor. Unless
otherwise specified, all materials shall conform to the requirements specified herein for
concrete. Grout shall consist of one part Portland cement to three parts sand by volume with
sufficient water to obtain a consistency suitable for the intended use. All grouting operations
shall be performed in the presence of the Engineer.
5.3.3
Measurement and Payment of Concrete

Measurement of concrete for payment shall be made only to the neat lines of the structures as
shown in the Drawings or as established by the Engineer. In measuring concrete for payment,
the volume of all cavities, depressions, openings, embedded pipes, woodwork and metalwork,
except reinforcement bars, anchor bolts and bars, shall be deducted.
Payment for concrete M40, M25, M20, M15 and M10 will be made at the unit rate per cubic
metre for Items Nos. C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4 and C-5 respectively of the Bill of Quantities. The unit
rate shall include the cost of all labour and materials required in the construction, including
furnishing and handling cement and exclude the costs of furnishing and placing reinforcement
bars and concrete forms which shall be made at the unit rate of Items No. C-10 and C-8
respectively of the Bill of Quantities. No separate payment shall be made except for items
expressed in Bill of Quantities for construction joints, grouting, and other incidentals and all
costs in connection therewith shall be considered to be covered by the unit rate of concrete.
5.4
Plum concrete
Plum concrete of following grades and specification will be used as directed by the Engineer.
The concrete specification will be as per the clause 5.3 hereof, for the corresponding grades.
The boulder shall be washed properly prior using in the plum concrete.
Type
Plum Concrete MI5
Plum Concrete M10
Mass concrete
M15 -60%
M10-40%
Boulder
40%
60%
Payment for plum concrete M15 and M10 will be made at the unit rate per cubic metre for
Items Nos. C-6 and C-7 respectively of the Bill of Quantities. The unit rate shall include the
cost of all labour and materials required in the construction, including furnishing and handling
cement and exclude the costs of furnishing and placing concrete forms which shall be made at
the unit rate of Items No. C-8 of the Bill of Quantities. No separate payment shall be made for
construction joints, grouting, and other incidentals and all costs in connection therewith shall be
considered to be covered by the unit rate of concrete.
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WORKS
5.5
5.5.1
CONCRETE
Formwork
General
Formwork shall include all temporary moulds for forming the concrete, including the herring
bone steel, together with all temporary structures required to support such moulds.
The Contractor shall submit drawings and calculations showing details of the formwork he
intends to use, to the Engineer for approval. The drawings and calculations shall be in
accordance with the provisions stipulated in Sub-Clause 1.04.3 of these Technical
Specifications.
The drawings shall show the materials proposed and indicate details of construction, such as
sizes of members and spacing, and position of waling, struts, bolts and wedges.
Formwork shall not be constructed until the drawings and the calculations, if applicable, have
been approved by the Engineer. Such approval shall not relieve the Contractor of the
responsibility for the sufficiency of the formwork. Any changes or modifications to the
formwork required by the Engineer shall be borne by the Contractor.
Formwork shall be of suitable design and substantial construction to carry the loads resulting
from placing and vibrating wet concrete and any incidental loads such as construction loads,
wind and other forces, without inadmissible bulging, distortion or deflection.
Formwork shall be sufficiently tight to prevent loss of water or mortar from the concrete.
Special attention shall be paid to formwork where pokers or shutter vibrators are to be used.
5.5.2
Materials for Formwork

Formwork for the concrete structures shall be made from plywood or steel.
The plywood shall be resistant to deterioration by water and shall be fixed and jointed in such a
manner as to give a perfectly smooth and even finish to the concrete. It shall have a thickness of
not less than 17.5 mm.
The steel formwork shall be accurately aligned and with close fitting joints. The outside of the
steel formwork shall be painted in a light colour to prevent extreme temperatures due to solar
radiation.
Only with the approval of the Engineer can formwork be made from good quality seasoned
timber, free from loose knots, shakes and warped surfaces.
This timber shall not be less than 30 mm in thickness and the board faces in contact with
concrete and the board edges shall be planed smooth and joints shall be tongued and grooved.
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer, before commencing construction, a set of forms
complying with the above requirements, but such submission to the Engineer or approval by
him shall not relieve the Contractor of any of his responsibilities under the Contract for the
successful completion of the structure.
5.5.3
Fixing of Formwork
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CONCRETE
Formwork shall be fixed in perfect line and true plane, with no crevices and joints, and shall be
securely braced, supported and wedged so as to retain its position without displacement or
deflection during the placing and compaction of the concrete.
Joints in formwork shall be made so that no leakage of grout can occur from the concrete. All
joints shall be either horizontal or vertical, unless the form of the finished concrete requires
them to be otherwise. Chamfers measuring 30 mm by 30 mm are to be made to all exposed
edges of concrete, unless otherwise indicated in the Technical Specifications or ordered by the
Engineer.
Subject to the approval of the Engineer, internal ties may be used. All such fastening shall be so
arranged that when the forms are removed, no metal left permanently in the work shall be
within 50 mm of any surface.
The use of wire ties for supporting the forms shall not be permitted in concrete walls which are
to be subject to water, or when the finished surface, required as determined by the Engineer, is
to be permanently exposed; wire ties used for other concrete works shall be cut off flush with
the concrete surface, after the forms are removed.
Connections shall be so formed as to permit the easy removal of the forms without hammering,
etc., and without the necessity of levelling against the surface of the concrete.
Adequate access holes shall be left for the purpose of inspecting, cleaning out the forms and for
placing and compacting the concrete.
Scaffolding (if required) shall be firmly constructed to the satisfaction of the Engineer. No
separate payment shall be made for scaffolding.
Before placing any concrete, all bolts and the like (if required and which are to be built in) shall
be fixed in their correct positions, and cores and other devices for forming holes, openings, etc.,
shall be fixed to the forms. No holes shall be cut in any concrete unless approved by the
Engineer.
Surfaces of the forms to be in contact with concrete shall be free from adhering foreign matter,
projecting nails and the like, grooves, splits or other defects.
A non-staining commercial mineral oil or other approved material shall be applied to the faces
of the forms before concreting to prevent adherence to the concrete. Care shall be exercised to
prevent the material applied to the faces of the forms from coming in contract with the
reinforcement, but if this should inadvertently occur, the reinforcement shall be cleaned to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.
When forms have been built and have been prepared ready for concreting, they will be
inspected by the Engineer and no concrete shall be placed until the forms have been approved
by him. In order to avoid delays in obtaining approval, the Contractor shall inform the
Engineer, at least 24 hours in advance, of his intention to have the forms ready for inspection.
5.5.4
Dimensional Tolerances
Any deviation on the minus side in measurements of the finished concrete works is not
permitted.
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CONCRETE
Unless specifically indicated on the duly approved Drawings, tolerances on the plus side can
only be accepted up to a range of 4% at the most with a maximum of 5 mm.
5.5.5
Cleaning and Re-using of Shuttering

Before any concrete is placed, the forms shall be properly cleaned and washed out with water
and air under pressure to remove saw-dust, shavings and all other foreign matter. All water
shall then be trained and mopped out from the formwork.
If side forms are to be re-used, all surfaces shall be cleaned and shall be completely free from
remains of concrete or mortar.
If, in the opinion of the Engineer, moulds are not acceptable for re-use, they shall be either
properly repaired or be substituted by other moulds. Substituting moulds shall comply with the
requirements as specified above.
5.5.6
Removal of Forms
Forms shall be removed only under skilled supervision and in such a manner as to not damage
the concrete. Forms shall not be removed before the concrete is sufficiently set and hardened.
Nevertheless, the forms shall not be struck without the prior approval of the Engineer. The
minimum periods which shall elapse between placing concrete and the removal of the forms are
given in Table 5.8.
Table 5.8: Removal of Forms
Type of formwork
Minimum net period before removal in days
Vertical :
Columns and walls
Soffit :
Slabs
Beams
5
8
Drops :
Slab
Beams
16
18
Compliance with the above requirements shall not relieve the Contractor of his obligation to
delay the removal of the forms if the concrete has not sufficiently set. Due to variations in site
temperatures and depending on the curing conditions, the Engineer may, at his discretion, vary
the time listed above.
Any damage to the concrete, which may occur by the removal of the forms or by overloading,
shall be fixed at the Contractors expense and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
5.5.7
Finishing of Concrete
Surface finishing shall be classified as follows:
-
Ordinary finish;
Wire Brush finish.
Power Trowel finish
5.5.7.1 Ordinary Finish

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CONCRETE
If not otherwise specified, exposed surfaces shall be given an ordinary finish.

Immediately following the removal of forms, fins and irregular projections shall be removed
from surfaces. On all surfaces, the cavities produced by form ties and all other holes, broken
corners or edges, and other defects shall be thoroughly cleaned, and after having been
thoroughly saturated with water shall be carefully pointed and trued with an approved nonshrinkable polymer modified cement mortar with at least the same qualities of the adjacent
concrete. The concrete shall then be rubbed if required or cured. Construction joints in the work
shall be left carefully tooled and free of mortar and concrete. The resulting surfaces shall be
true and uniform.
Exposed surfaces not protected by forms shall be struck off with a straight-edge and finished
with a wood float to a true and even surface The use of additional mortar to provide a grout
finish will not be permitted.
5.5.7.2 Wire Brush Finish
All surfaces that will come into contact with cementitious grout or epoxy bonding grout shall be
ridged finished by means of a wire brush.
As soon as the forms are removed, and while the concrete is still comparatively green, the
surface shall be thoroughly and evenly scrubbed with stiff wire or fibre brushes, using a
solution of muriatic acid in the proportion of one part acid to four parts of water until the
cement film or surface is completely removed and the aggregate particles are exposed, leaving
an even pebbled texture presenting an appearance grading from that of fine granite to coarse
conglomerate, depending upon the size and grading of aggregate used. When the scrubbing has
progressed sufficiently to produce the texture desired, the entire surface shall be thoroughly
washed with water to which a small amount of ammonia has been added, to remove all traces of
acid.
5.5.7.3 Power Trowel Finish
Where indicated in the drawings as power trowel finish, the surface will be finished with a steel
trowelled 3 mm thick floating coat of neat cement.
Immediately after trowelling and removing excess laitance, a well-mixed cement slurry
consisting of ordinary Portland cement or coloured cement and water solution shall be mixed
with hardener and sprinkled over the surface in a uniform layer at maximum rate of 2.5 kg per
square metre. The cement slurry shall then be steel trowelled perfectly smooth.
5.5.8

Measurement of formwork for payment shall be in square metre. Measurement shall be made
only for the forms that have been used and approved by the Engineer. Payment for formwork
measured shall be made at the unit rate per square metre for Item No. C-8 and C-9 of the Bill
of Quantities. The unit rate shall cover the cost of furnishing all labourers, equipment and
materials, erecting and removing the forms and scaffolding and all incidental costs necessary to
complete the works to the required dimensions and shape, including chamfering in accordance
with these Specifications and as instructed by the Engineer.
5.6
5.6.1
Reinforcement Steel
Material and Tests
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WORKS
CONCRETE
Reinforcement steel shall include the steel bars in reinforced concrete structures as well as the
steel bar supports, and shall be laid in accordance with the approved Drawings.
Steel reinforcement shall consist of hot rolled round deformed (high bond) high yield stress bars
and shall comply with the requirements of BS 4449. Specific characteristic strength shall be
460 N/sq.mm and 425 N/sq.mm for bars up to 16 mm diameter and bars having a diameter
larger than 16 mm, respectively.
The bars shall be from new stock. A cross section of any bar to be delivered shall be of the
exact shape and have the specified diameter at any point of the bar. The average diameter of 20
bars when selected at random from each shipment of the same size, shall not be bigger or
smaller by 2 per cent from the specified diameter. Bars shall be free of scale, oil, dirt and
structural defects.
When required by the Engineer, the Contractor shall submit three copies of mill sheets of steel
bars for the approval of the Engineer before each shipment, and inspection at site will be made
by the Engineer in accordance with the Specifications and the above mill sheets.
The Contractor shall prepare test specimens of steel reinforcement to be used in the works. Test
specimens shall be taken in the presence of the Engineer and shall be of a size sufficient to carry
out the specified test.
The test specimens shall be tested in an approved laboratory and the certified copies of the
results of the tests shall be submitted to the Engineer. The specimen shall be tested for bending
and tensile properties. The methods and requirements for testing shall be carried out in
accordance with the applicable specifications of ASTM-A 615 and ASTM-A 497 and the
additional requirements mentioned in the relevant sections of ACI-318 and ACI-439.
If necessary, other equivalent National Standards may be substituted after obtaining the
approval of the Engineer.
If ordered by the Engineer, test procedures shall be repeated at the Contractors own expense
for any new supply of steel reinforcement.
5.6.2
Storage of Steel Reinforcement

Steel reinforcement shall be stored above the ground on platforms, skids or other approved
supports, and shall be protected from mechanical injury and surface deterioration caused by
exposure to conditions producing rust.
Different types and dimensions of reinforcement shall be kept separately.
5.6.3
Preparation of Reinforcement Drawings

The Contractor shall prepare, at his own expense, all detailed reinforcement and bending
drawings. The drawings shall include all bar-placing drawings, bar-bending schedules, bar lists,
and any other reinforcement drawings as may be required to facilitate fabrication and
placement of reinforcement bars.
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WORKS
CONCRETE
Reinforcement drawings shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval. Reinforcement

drawings and bar lists prepared by the Contractor shall conform to the standard practices of the
industry.
5.6.4
Bending of Steel Reinforcement

Steel reinforcement shall be cut from straight bars, free from kinks and bends or other damage,
and bent cold by experienced competent workmen. Bar diameters greater than 19 mm shall be
bent in a bending machine designed for the purpose and approved by the Engineer. Any steel
that has already been bent shall not be re-bent at the place of the previously made bend.
Dimensions for bending shall be in accordance with the requirements as set out in BS 4466.
5.6.5
Placing Reinforcement Steel

The number, size, form and position of all reinforcement steel bars, fabric, ties, links, stirrups
and other parts of the reinforcement shall be placed in exact position in accordance with the
Drawings and kept in the correct position in the forms without displacement during the process
of vibrating, tamping and ramming the concrete in place. The Contractor shall provide all
necessary distance pieces and space bars at his own cost to maintain the reinforcement in the
correct position.
Correct positioning will be achieved with the use of stays, blocks, ties, hangers or other
approved supports. Blocks for holding the reinforcement from contact with the forms of
adjacent reinforcement shall be precast concrete mortar blocks of approved shapes and
dimension consisting of 1:2 cement/sand mortar. The Contractor shall provide evidence that
mortar is of the same quality and density as the surrounding concrete. The water tightness of
the mortar blocks shall be at least similar to the concrete into which they are concreted. The
blocks shall be fitted with a semi-circular hollowing and double bent poured-in 16 gauge
annealed steel wire. The use of pebbles, pieces of broken stone or brick, or other materials shall
not be permitted.
Any ties, links or stirrups connecting the bars shall be taut, so that the bars are properly braced,
the inside of their curved parts shall be in actual contact with the bars around which they are
intended to fit. Bars shall be bound together with the best black annealed mild steel wire which
is subject to the Engineers approval, and the binding shall be twisted tight with proper pliers.
The free ends of the binding wire shall be bent inwards.
Before any steel reinforcement is embedded in the concrete, any scale, loose rust, oil, grease or
other deleterious matter shall be removed. Partially set concrete which may have adhered to the
exposed bars during concreting operations shall likewise be removed.
When the reinforcement has been placed and is ready for concreting, it will be inspected by the
Engineer, and no concrete shall be placed until the reinforcement has been approved by him.
The Contractor shall inform the Engineer at least 24 hours in advance of his intention to have
the reinforcement ready for inspection.
5.6.6
Splicing of Reinforcement Steel

All steel reinforcement shall be furnished in full length as indicated on the Drawings. Splicing
of bars, except where shown on the Drawings, shall not be permitted without the written
approval of the Engineer. Splices shall be staggered.
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WORKS
CONCRETE
Welding of steel reinforcement or connections of steel reinforcement by means of mechanical

splices shall be done only if detailed on the duly approved Drawings or if such authorisation is
made by the Engineer.
When it is necessary to splice reinforcement bars at points other than any shown on the
Drawings, position and methods of splicing shall be determined based on strength calculations
and approved by the Engineer. In lapped splices, the bars shall be lapped 20 times the diameter
of the bar or the following, whichever is larger. No hooks shall be required for lap joints, unless
otherwise specified.
The lap length shall be calculated as follows:
(i) For tension reinforcement bars
1=
sa
4 cb
where, sa = Allowable tensile strength of reinforcement steel.

cb = Allowable bending strength of concrete.
= Diameter of reinforcement bar
1
= Lap length
(ii) For compressive reinforcement bars
80 per cent of 1 calculated by the above formula.
When gas pressure welding of joints is used, the operation shall be made by conforming to the
following requirements:
(a) The welding equipment shall be so designed as to hold both bars to be jointed in a straight
line, applying pressure of more than 3 kg/sq.mm to the contact surface of the bars.
(b) The blowpipe shall emit a constant flow of gas, and its diameter shall be suitable for the
diameter of the bars to be welded.
(c) Oil, rust, paint, and dust shall be completely removed, by a grinder, from the surfaces to
be jointed.
(d) The edge surface of bars to be jointed shall be inclined to the axis of the bar at more than
80 degrees, and shall be so planed that the clearance between bars being in contact shall
not be more than 4 mm.
(e) Bars to be jointed shall be butted with pressure of more than 1 kg/sq.mm. The pressure
shall be increased gradually with heating, until the diameter of the joint portion increases
to 1.2 times the original diameter of the bars.
(f) The joint portion shall be heated uniformly with more than two blowpipes. Flames shall
always completely cover the heated portion.
(g) After jointing, the joint shall not be cooled rapidly by rain, etc. Re-jointing shall be made,
when inflation of the joint portion is insufficient.
5.6.7
Cover to Reinforcement Steel
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WORKS
CONCRETE
The concrete cover to reinforcement shall be as shown on the Drawings, or as directed by the
Engineer. Unless otherwise specified on the Drawings, the concrete cover on the steel
reinforcement shall be at least 50 mm, if the concrete is subject to exposure to soil or water. In
other cases a cover of 40 mm shall be acceptable.
The Contractor shall provide any necessary cement pads for ensuring that the cover is attained,
and in no case may the use of pebble, pieces of broken stone or brick, or other packing
materials be permitted.
5.6.8
Measurement and Payment of Reinforcement Steel

Measurement for payment of furnishing and placing reinforcement bars shall be made only for
the weight of the bars placed in the concrete in accordance with the Drawings, or as directed by
the Engineer. Clips, ties, wastage, overlaps, spacer bars, annealed wire or other material used
for positioning and fastening the reinforcement bars in place shall not be measured for payment.
Only reinforcement bars in laps indicated on the Drawings shall be included in the
measurements for payment. Payment for furnishing and placing reinforcement bars shall be
made at the unit rate per metric ton for Item No. C-10 of the Bill of Quantities, which unit rate
shall include the cost of furnishing reinforcement bars, furnishing and attaching wire ties and
metal supports, if used, and of delivering, unloading, hauling, storing, sorting, cutting bending,
cleaning, placing and securing, and maintaining in position all reinforcement bars, as shown on
the Drawings, or as directed by the Engineer.
5.7
Steel Construction and Other Items to Be Cast-In

The work covered by this item shall include cleaning, placing and fixing of all structural
metalworks, miscellaneous steel and non-ferrous metal items, to be cast-in or bolted-in the
grooves according to these Technical Specifications and the Drawings.
The metalworks and other items to be cast-in shall, among others, consist of:
-
lifting provisions for stoplogs, anchor bolts, gates

steel seal support
steel gate supporting plates, nosing angles, timber guiding beams in the groove conforming
to the dimensions shown on the Drawings, ladder, trash rack gauges, etc.
The Contractor shall provide templates and other auxiliary equipment for the correct
positioning of the construction. Further details concerning metalworks are described in
CHAPTER 7 of these Technical Specifications.
The Contractor shall ensure that all the items to be cast-in are on site in scheduled time, in order
to avoid interruptions during the execution of the Works. If recesses are provided, these shall be
sufficiently larger in size than the dimensions of the structure to be cast-in.
The screw thread of anchor bolts or other items shall be protected in advance and cleaned and
greased immediately after filling or grouting.
The tolerances of the sealing plates, after installation, shall be such that during the
commissioning test the deflection of the rubber sealing in all sections shall be limited to 20-30
mm.
Payment for the items to be cast-in shall be made in accordance with CHAPTER 7 for various
items included in the Bill of Quantities.
5-29

WORKS
5.8
5.8.1
CONCRETE
Pre-cast Concrete Units

General
Two types of pre-cast concrete units, i.e., perforated PCC pipes and bridge girders shall be
provided as shown on the Drawings.
The Contractor shall submit Working Drawings to the Engineer at least 14 days in advance of
the manufacturing date of each type of pre-cast element.
The Contractor may manufacture the pre-cast concrete units at the site, after approval from the
Engineer, in accordance with the Specifications. All materials to be furnished and used for precast concrete units by the Contractor shall conform to the requirements of this Sub-Clause and
shall be approved by the Engineer. Forms or moulds for concrete units shall conform to shapes
lines and dimensions as shown on the Drawings, or as directed by the Engineer. The Contractor
shall submit details of the forms or moulds he proposes to use for the approval of the Engineer.
Pre-cast units may also be manufactured in a factory off the Site. In such cases, the Contractor
shall provide the Engineer with full information, in advance, concerning the name and address
of the factory, details of the probable date of commencement of manufacture and arrangements
for inspections in the factory.
In all cases, the Contractor shall submit a time schedule indicating the following:
date of commencement of manufacturing
date of delivery
date and sequence of erection
duration of the execution
No commencement of works shall be made until the time schedule has been approved by the
Engineer.
5.8.2
Pre-cast Construction Alternative

Pre-cast construction may also be employed for structures, other than the above units, of such
dimensions and function for which such construction would be suitable. Should the Contractor
wish to employ pre-cast construction, in such cases he shall submit to the Engineer full details
in writing of his proposals including all proposed modifications to thickness of concrete section,
concrete specification and reinforcement to suit such construction, and his proposed methods of
handling and bedding pre-cast units and backfilling to the same, etc. The Engineer may approve
such proposals with or without modifications, and the Contractor shall be paid for such precast units as if constructed to the details on the Drawings and itemised as such in the Bill of
Quantities.
5.8.3
Pre-casting of Concrete Units

Pre-cast concrete units to be manufactured shall be of concrete with adequate strength for
bearing loads as shown on the Drawings, or as directed by the Engineer. Moulds for pre-cast
concrete shall be of steel construction. The Contractor shall submit details of the mould to the
Engineer for his approval. The quality, tests, trial mixes and test cubes of the concrete shall be
made, all in accordance with Sub-Clause 5.3 of these Technical Specifications.
The concrete units shall be cast in horizontal position, unless otherwise directed by the
Engineer. The concrete shall be placed continuously in each of these units and compacted by
vibrating in a manner acceptable to the Engineer. Special care shall be exercised in tamping and
vibrating the concrete so as not to displace the reinforcement.
5-30

WORKS
CONCRETE
The method of curing shall be approved by the Engineer.

At least four hours must elapse from completion of the placing of concrete before its
temperature is raised. The rise in temperature within any period of 30 minutes shall not exceed
100C and the maximum temperature attained shall not exceed 70 0C. The rate of subsequent
cooling shall not exceed the rate of heating.
The method of curing used shall minimize the loss of moisture from the concrete.
The concrete units shall remain in their moulds for three (3) days before being stripped, during
which time the exposed face shall be covered with sacking or matting and kept constantly wet;
in addition, the sides of the forms or moulds shall be shielded from the direct rays of the sun.
After removal of forms or from the moulds, the units shall be kept moist continuously, for a
minimum period of eleven (11) days. After stripping, the pre-cast units shall be stacked for a
period of not less than thirty (30) days, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, so as to leave
a free air space between each of these pre-cast units.
All pre-cast units shall have the date of casting engraved on them before the concrete has fully
hardened. Any undated units may be rejected by the Engineer.
The cast-in parts, such as lifting lugs, fasteners, jointing materials, supporting structures, etc.
shall be fixed in position as indicated on the Drawings or directed by the Engineer. Cast-in parts
shall be free from rust, dirt or grease. The Contractor shall also coat the concrete joints with
straight run bitumen, grade 40/50 as indicated on the Drawings or instructed by the Engineer.
The costs for the delivering, processing and fixing of cast-in parts as well as bitumen coating,
shall be deemed to be included in the unit rates of the relevant pre-cast concrete units and no
separate payment shall be made.
Loading, unloading, storage and placing of the pre-cast units at the Site shall be done by skilled
labour under the supervision of a competent supervisor. When pre-cast units are stored they
shall be supported at such positions as will ensure that the stresses induced in them are always
less then the permissible design stresses. Transportation, storage and placing of the pre-cast
units shall be done carefully and in such a manner as to avoid damage and to keep the surfaces
of the units free of dirt and other unwanted spots. Any unit which is damaged or has any
perceptible impairments shall be liable to be rejected by the Engineer.
5.8.4
Perforated Pre-cast PCC Pipes
5.8.4.1 Materials
Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or specified in the Bill of Quantities, un-reinforced
precast concrete pipes shall comply with ASTM standard. Concrete shall comply with the
relevant Clauses of concrete of these Technical Specifications. No admixtures shall be included
in the concrete without the written approval of the Engineer. Perforated pipe drainage shall be
able to withstand a differential collapse load of 100 KN/m2. The perforations shall form at least
10% of the surface area of the pipe, and the perforation diameter shall be in the range of
5.000.25 mm. Pipes shall be constructed of non-corrodible and non-degradable materials to
the approval of the Engineer and shall be internally smooth and seamless.
5.8.4.2 Pre-casting
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WORKS
CONCRETE
If the pipes are to be supplied by a manufacturer, the Contractor shall supply to the Engineer
for his approval, prior to any order for such pipes being made, confirmation from such
proposed manufacturer that he can provide pipes of the required sizes which will conform to the
Specifications. During concrete casting of the pipes, it shall be continuously spun.
The Contractor shall supply the Engineer with certificates from the manufacturer with regard to
pipe strength or any other test specified in relevant NS/IS/ASTM(any one) Standard which the
Engineer may require. Tests shall be made, and witnessed by the Engineer, unless otherwise
ordered by him, all in accordance with the tests set out in relevant clause of NS or IS or ASTM
Standard.
If the pipes are to be manufactured by the Contractor himself, he shall obtain the equipment for
pipe making from a reputable manufacturer, to whom he shall make aware of the requirements
of these Specifications, and who shall undertake that his plant, if his instructions are followed,
will provide pipes that will comply with these Specifications. The Contractor shall have
satisfied himself that he will be able to comply with the instructions of the manufacturer and
can produce the pipes with the materials available and under the conditions prevailing at the
Site.
The Contractor shall design the concrete mix for concrete intended for use in pipes, and shall
supply the details of the mix to the Engineer. The Contractor thereafter shall use the designed
mix and shall not vary the mix without previously informing the Engineer. The Contractor shall
provide all details in respect of the manufacture of pipes to the Engineer for his approval prior
to commencement of casting, and these details shall include his proposals for the fabrication
and placing in position of reinforcement cages. The Contractor shall provide any equipment or
samples necessary for carrying out the tests on the precast concrete pipes in accordance with
the relevant NS or IS or ASTM Standard.
5.8.4.3 Excavation for Pipes
The foundation bed for the pipe shall be excavated in accordance with CHAPTER 3, true to
the lines and depths shown on the Drawings or to such other lines and depths as the Engineer
may direct. The pipes shall be placed down to the levels as shown on the Drawings. Should the
Contractor desire to use mechanical plant for excavation, or for laying pipes, he shall submit
his proposals for approval to the Engineer, but such approval shall not relieve the Contractor
from his responsibilities in case of damage to pipes.
The pipes shall be placed where the ground for the foundation is reasonably firm. Where the
foundation is not suitably firm due to soft, mucky or other unsuitable material being
encountered, the unsuitable material shall be excavated to such depth, width and length as
directed by the Engineer. The excavation shall then be backfilled with gravel or other approved
granular material which shall be properly shaped and thoroughly compacted up to the specified
level.
5.8.4.4 Water in Excavation
The foundation shall be kept free from water until the pipes are installed and the joints have
hardened. The Contractor shall, at his own expense, construct any sumps or temporary drains
that the Engineer may consider necessary. The Contractor shall make good at his own expense,
any damage caused by prolonged and excessive pumping, and shall take all precautions
necessary for the safety of adjoining structures, by shoring or otherwise.
5.8.4.5 Laying and Jointing Pipes
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Arrangements for handling including lifting, loading, transporting, unloading from factory/yard
and site as well as storage and lowering the pipes onto the bed shall be such that the pipes do
not suffer any damage.
The thickness of the gravel filter in the bedding and the surroundings shall be as shown on the
Drawings. The pipes shall be laid true to line and level. No pipes shall be laid until the
foundation has been approved by the Engineer. Pipes shall be laid so that each one is in contact
with the bed throughout the length of the barrel. The pipes shall be laid closely against each
other so as to obtain tight joints.
Joints shall be such that they do not permit entry of soil into the pipe. Perforated pipes shall be
laid as shown the Drawings. The concrete pipes shall be jointed by either collar joints or flush
joints. In case of a collar joint, the collar shall be of reinforced cement concrete 150 to 200 mm
wide, according to the diameter of the pipe, and having the same structural strength as the pipes
to be jointed. Caulking space shall be between 13 to 19 mm according to the diameter of the
pipe as specified by the relevant clause of NS or IS or ASTM Standard. Caulking material shall
be a slightly wet mix of cement and sand in the ratio of 1:2 rammed with caulking irons. Before
caulking, the collar shall be placed in such a way that its centre coincides with the joint and an
even annular space is left between the collar and the pipe. In case of flush joints, the ends of the
pipes shall be spaced to form a self-centring joint with a 13 mm wide jointing space. The
jointing space shall be filled with cement sand mortar in the ratio of 1:2. Care shall be taken to
fill all voids and to see that any excess of cement mortar is neatly cleaned off while each joint is
being made, and any earth, cement or other material thoroughly cleaned out of the pipes. All
joints shall be made with care so that the interior surface is smooth and consistent with the
interior surface of the pipes. After finishing, the joint shall be kept covered and damp for at
least four (4) days. A properly fitted plug shall be well secured at the end of each pipe already
laid and shall be removed only when the next pipe is being laid. The foundation shall be kept
free from water until the joints are thoroughly set.
On completion, all pipelines, shall be flushed from end to end with water and left clean
and free from obstructions.
5.8.4.6 Measurement and Payment
Measurement for payment of furnishing and laying precast concrete pipes shall be made from
end-to-end of the pipes in place, and no allowance will be made for lap at joints or connecting
pipes to walls, collars and structures. Payment for furnishing and laying precast concrete pipes
shall be made at the unit rate per linear metre for Items No F-8 of the Bill of Quantities,
according to diameter and class of the pipes. The unit rate shall cover the cost of producing
precast concrete pipes, pipe supports and collars or sockets, including reinforcement bars and
depreciation of steel moulds, the cost of transporting such things from casting yard to the sites,
the cost of providing a stable and even bed, the cost of laying the pipe and constructing the
joints, supporting the trenches and the cost of testing pipelines. Payment for excavation will be
separately made at the unit rate for Items No A-4 and respectively of the Bill of Quantities.
5.9
5.9.1
Joints
General
5.9.1.1 Construction Joints
The location of all construction joints in concrete work shall be subject to approval by
the Engineer, and the joints shall be constructed as specified herein.
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CONCRETE
Construction joints are joints which are placed in structures to facilitate construction, or which
occur in structures as a result of inadvertent delays in concrete placing operations. Construction
joints are to be placed to reduce initial shrinkage stresses and cracks, to allow time for the
installation of embedded metalwork, or to allow for the subsequent placing of other concrete,
blockout concrete, or second stage concrete.
All vertical members such as columns and walls shall be in place for not less than four (4)
hours, before any concrete is placed in concrete elements directly over such columns or walls.
Before placing is resumed, all excess water and fine materials, which have risen to the top, shall
be removed and the concrete shall be cut away as may be necessary to ensure a strong and
dense concrete at the joint. The surface of construction joints shall be clean, rough, and dry
when covered with fresh concrete or mortar. Cleaning shall consist of the removal of all
laitance, loose or defective concrete, coatings, sand, sealing compound if used, and other
foreign materials. The surfaces of construction joints shall be wet-sandblasted, washed
thoroughly with air-water jets, and surface dried prior to placement of adjoining concrete.
Construction joints in beams and slabs shall not be permitted, except where the Engineer
approves.
Where construction joints are made in plain and reinforced concrete of monolithic construction
other than beams, a tongue and groove joint and reinforcement bars equal in area to not less than
0.25 per cent of the surfaces to be connected and forty (40) diameters in length shall be provided
unless otherwise shown on the Drawings.
At horizontal construction joints which will be exposed, the concrete shall be struck off at the
level of the top of the form sheathing or shall be carried about 12 mm above the underside of a 25
mm high by 12 mm thick strip set level on the form. Beams, brackets, column capitals, and
haunches shall be considered as part of the floor system and shall be placed monolithically
therewith. Where new concrete is to be bonded to existing concrete, the existing surface shall be
cleaned and roughened thoroughly in order to remove all laitance and loose matter.
Unscheduled construction joints in structures requiring water tightness shall have waterstop
approved by the Engineer. Such joints shall be located by the Contractor so as to least impair
the strength of the structure and shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer.
5.9.1.2 Contraction Joints
Contraction joints, of the types shown on the Drawings, shall be provided in walls, floors,
beams, footings, and foundations where indicated on the Drawings, or directed by the Engineer.
The joints shall be made by forming the concrete on one side of the joint and allowing it to set
before concrete is placed on the other side of the joint. The surface of the concrete first placed
at the contraction joint shall be coated with bitumen or other materials so as to avoid bond.
Waterstops, specified in Sub-Clause 5.10 hereof, shall be provided where so shown on the
Drawings, or as directed by the Engineer. All the joints shall be provided with dowel bars of
plain round steel bars, as specified in Sub-Clause 5.11 hereof.
5.9.1.3 Measurement and Payment
Except furnishing and placing joint materials as provided herein, the entire cost of constructing
all joints shall be included in the unit price for the concrete in which the joints are required.
The works to be measured and for which payment shall be made separately, are the works to
furnish and to place waterstop and dowel bars. The measurement of each work item shall be
made as: waterstop; linear metre of joint, and dowel bar; weight of bar incorporated, as provided
5-34

WORKS
CONCRETE
in Sub-Clauses 5.10 and 5.11 hereinafter. Bitumen for joint coating shall not be paid separately.
It shall be included in the unit rates of concrete in the Bill of Quantities.
5.10 PVC Waterstops

5.10.1 Scope
The Contractor shall furnish and install waterstops of polyvinyl chloride in the shape and
dimensions specified, and in the locations as shown on the Drawings, or as directed by the
Engineer. For convenience of placement in forms, a waterstop utilising a split flange may be used;
however, prior to placement of final concrete, the split flange portion shall be jointed in an
approved manner such that no concrete or mortar can enter between the two split portions of the
flange.
Unless otherwise specified, two kinds of water stops, 305 mm and 230 mm wide waterstops
shall be used depending on the magnitude and importance of the works as designated on the
Drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
5.10.2 Material
Waterstops shall be manufactured by the extrusion process from an elastometric plastic
compound, the basic resin of which is one hundred (100) per cent polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The
product shall be dense, homogeneous and free from holes and other imperfections.
The waterstops as described herein shall have the following physical properties:
Specific gravity
Tensile strength
Ultimate elongation
Brittleness
Hardness
Maximum water absorption
after 2 days at 20C
1.33 + 0.03 at 23C

20 N/sq.mm at 23C
500% at 23C
- 48C
60 75 degrees
5%
The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with a sample to be used in the Works and the
manufacturers test certificate for the Engineers approval, before issuing the purchasing order
to the suppliers, and shall, if requested, supply a sufficient length of each sample for
confirmatory tests to be carried out in accordance with the appropriate test procedure, at the
Contractors own expense.
5.10.3 Workmanship
The Contractor shall furnish all materials, equipment and electric power required for making
field splices and installing the waterstops. Field splices for waterstops shall be made by cutting
the waterstops as required, heating the ends to the melting point and jointing them to form the
desired splice. The heating of the splice ends shall be made by means of the splicing machine
recommended by the waterstop manufacturer or by any other approved electric heating device
acceptable to the Engineer.
Care shall be taken when installing the waterstops to ensure that the centres of the waterstops
coincide at the joints. The Contractor shall suitably support and protect the waterstops during
5-35

WORKS
CONCRETE
the progress of the Works. The stop-boards on each side of the waterstop shall be accurately
wrought to match the profile of the waterstop. The concrete shall be carefully compacted under
and around the waterstop so as to leave no cavities.
Measurement for payment of waterstops shall be made for the length in metres of waterstops in
place, measured along the centreline of the waterstops, in accordance with the Drawings and
accepted by the Engineer. Payment for waterstop shall be made at the respective unit rates per
linear metre for Item No.C-11 and C-12 of the Bill of Quantities, which unit rates shall include
all costs of furnishing and placing the waterstop as described above.
5.11 Dowel Bars
In the contraction joint, dowel bars shall be provided, as shown on the Drawings, or as directed
by the Engineer. The dowel bars shall be of straight plain round steel bars conforming to the
requirements specified for reinforcement bars in Clause 5.6 of these Specifications.
In joints, the part of the dowel bar to be free to move shall be encased in rigid PVC hose, or
pipe, or metal sleeve, or other approved materials and fitted with a compressible cap of joint
filler to prevent bonding and shall be placed at intervals shown on the Drawings or as directed
by the Engineer. The free end of the dowel bar shall be coated with an approved bitumen bond
breaking compound. The diameter of the sleeve shall be the minimum necessary to allow free
sliding movement of the bar after concreting. The other half shall be bonded firmly on one side
of the joint.
Measurement for payment of dowel bars shall be made for the design weight of bars actually
placed in the concrete at contraction joints in accordance with the Drawing, or as directed by
the Engineer. Payment for dowel bars shall be made at the unit rate per kilogram for Item No.
C-13 and C-14 of the Bill of Quantities, which unit rate shall include all costs of furnishing and
placing dowel bars, as stipulated above, including furnishing and providing cover materials such
as PVC hose, tube or pipe.
5.12 Joint Filler
The Contractor shall supply and fix pre-moulded joint fillers in expansion joints as shown on the
Drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the joint filler shall be resin bonded cork such as Expandite
Hydrocor or similar approved. It shall be obtained from manufacturers approved by the
Engineer and shall be stored and fixed in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
Resin bonded cork filler shall comply with the United States Federal Specification HH-F-341e
Type II Class B with the following limitations when tested in accordance with the said
specification:
(i)
the load required to compress the material to 50% of its thickness shall be more than
0.035 N/sq.mm and less than 0.35 N/sq.mm .
(ii)
the recovery after compression to 50% of the original thickness shall be not less than
95% of the original thickness.
to the suppliers, and shall, if requested, supply sufficient of each sample for confirmatory tests
to be carried out in accordance with the appropriate test procedure.
5-36

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CONCRETE
The joint filler of the thickness specified shall be cut to shape, and fixed to fill the whole space
between the concrete faces of the joint which is not otherwise filled by waterstop or joint sealer.
Abutting pieces shall be placed in close contact and the joints covered on each side to prevent
passage of cement grout.
Measurement for payment of joint filler shall be made for the surface area in square metre of joint in
accordance with the Drawings, or as directed by the Engineer. Payment for joint filler shall be made at
the unit rate per square metre for Item No.C-15 of the Bill of Quantities, which unit rate shall include
all costs of furnishing and placing the joint filler all in accordance with these Specifications.
5.13 Joint Sealer
Joint sealer shall be Expandite Thioflex 600 grey gun grade, or similar approved. It shall be
obtained from manufacturers approved by the Engineer, and shall be used in accordance with
the manufacturers instruction inclusive of the supply and application of any priming materials.
An approved bond breaker shall be supplied for placing between the sealant and the joint filler.
to the suppliers, and shall, if requested, supply sufficient of each sample for confirmatory tests
to be carried out in accordance with the appropriate test procedure.
Measurement for payment of joint sealer shall be made in running meter actually placed in the
joint in accordance with the Drawings, or as directed by the Engineer. Payment for joint sealer
shall be made at the unit rate per running meter for Item No. C-16 of the Bill of Quantities,
which unit rate shall include all costs of furnishing and placing joint sealer.
5.14 Bitumen Joint Coating
Where the Drawings show a layer of bituminous paint between concrete faces, the Contractor
shall clean and dry the face to which the bitumen is to be applied and shall then paint the
bitumen in two separate applications. The bitumen for coating concrete joints shall be a straight
run bitumen, grade 40/50 penetration or other approved by the Engineer.
No separate payment will be made for bitumen. It shall be included in unit rates of concrete in
the Bill of Quantities.
5-37

PROTECTION WORKS
CHAPTER 6
6-1
PROTECTION WORKS

CHAPTER
6.1
6.1.1
PROTECTION WORKS
PROTECTION WORKS
Stone Works
Materials
6.1.1.1 Stones
Stones shall be procured from an approved source. The sources shall be the natural
boulders from the rivers or from rock quarrying of granite, quartzite, or similar material
having a minimum specific gravity of 2.5. The stones shall be free from seams and other
defects, and shall be hard, sound and durable. Stones shall be the best available and shall
be sound, durable, free from flaws and soft weathered or decomposed parts. The
compressive strength shall not be less than 40 N/sq.mm. The stone and the source from
which it is obtained shall be subject to approval of the Engineer before any of that material
is brought to site.
Stones shall be hammer dressed to the size and shape as shown on the Drawings, or as
required by the Engineer, to fit the size of the structure.
6.1.2
Dry Stone/ Boulder Pitching

Dry stone/boulder pitching shall be employed for upstream and downstream protection
work of barrage and other hydraulic structures.
Stones/boulder for dry stone pitching shall comply with Sub-Clause 6.1.1.1 of these
Specifications.
Thickness of dry stone/boulder pitching shall be as shown on the Drawings, or as directed
by the Engineer. Stones shall be tightly placed so that the gaps or voids among stones are
reduced, as much as possible. The exposed surface shall be neatly combined and levelled so
that no stone can be easily removed by humans, animals or water flow. Other requirements
shall be as for wet stone pitching but with the omission of mortar.
Measurement for payment of dry stone pitching shall be made by volume to the lines and
dimensions shown on the Drawings, or as directed by the Engineer. Payment for dry stone
pitching shall be made at the unit rate per cubic metre of Item No. E-1 of the Bill of
Quantities. The unit rate shall cover the cost of all labour, materials, equipment and tools,
and operations required for dry stone pitching.
6.1.3
Rubble Boulder Apron / Rip Rap Stone

Stone for the aprons shall be hard durable rock from an approved sources. It shall be
sound clean and free from impurities such as earth or decomposed rock and shall be graded
such that not less than 60% of the rock fragments are greater than or equal to the nominal
diameter of 0.60 as shown on the drawings.
Measurement for payment of rubble boulder apron shall be made by volume to the lines
and dimensions shown on the Drawings, or as directed by the Engineer. Payment for rubble
boulder apron shall be made at the unit rate per cubic metre of Item No. E-6 of the Bill of
Quantities. The unit rate shall cover the cost of all labour, materials, equipment and tools,
and operations required for the construction of rubble boulder apron.
6.2
6.2.1
Gabion Mattresses
Materials
6-2

PROTECTION WORKS
6.2.1.1 Stones
Stones used for filling gabion boxes shall comply with Sub-Clause 6.1.1.1. The smallest
dimension of any stone shall be at least twice that of the longer dimension of the mesh of
the box.
6.2.1.2 Gabion
Gabions shall consist of steel wire mesh boxes. The steel wire shall be mild steel wire
complying with IS 280-1978 or NS 169-2045. All wire used in the manufacture of the
boxes, diaphragms, binding, and connecting wire shall be galvanised with a heavy coating
of zinc by an electrolytic galvanising process. The weight of deposition of zinc shall be in
accordance with IS 4826-1979 or NS 169-2045. Zinc coatings shall be uniform and at all
points more than 25 mm from a cut end, the coating shall be able to withstand a minimum
number of dips and adhesion tests specified as per IS 4826-1979. Tolerance on diameter of
wire shall be +2.5 per cent. The tensile strength shall be between 300 to 550 N/sq.mm.
The wire shall be woven into a hexagonal mesh with a minimum of three twists. The
tightness of the twisted joints shall be such that a force of 7 kN is required to pull on one
wire to separate it from the other wire provided that each wire is prevented from turning
and the whole process is done in one plane. All edges of the boxes shall be finished with a
selvedge wire at least 2 gauges heavier than the mesh wire. Gabions shall be manufactured
in the standard sizes shown below:
Type
Dimension
LX WX H
(m X m X M)
Mesh Size
(cm X cm)
Mesh Wire
Thickness
(SWG)
Selvedge Wire
Thickness
(SWG)
A
B
C
3.0 X 1.0 X 1.0

2.0 X 1.0 X 0.5
3.0 X 1.5 X 0.75
10 X 12
10 X 12
10 X 12
10
10
10
8
8
8
Diaphragms shall be manufactured of the same materials as the parent gabion and
shall have selvedge wire throughout their perimeter. Diaphragms shall be
positioned in such a way that no internal dimension in a gabion box and mattress
exceeds 1.0 m along length of the gabion boxes.
All boxes shall be supplied with binding and connecting wires of sufficient quantity to bind
all diaphragms and closing edges.
6.2.2
Construction of Gabions
6.2.2.1 General Requirements

Before filling any gabion boxes and mattresses the Contractor shall also submit samples of
gabion boxes and gabion mattresses assembled and erected, including filling, for approval,
which when approved shall be retained for reference and comparison with the gabions built
as part of the permanent Works. The size, type and location of the samples shall be as
6-3

PROTECTION WORKS
Gabion boxes/mattresses shall be assembled and erected; including filling in the dry
prepared surfaces, except as may be otherwise approved. Approval for assembling and
erecting gabions in water will be given only if, in the Engineers opinion, such a method
will produce work which is otherwise in accordance with the Specifications.
6.2.2.2 Preparation of Foundation and Surface for Bedding
The bed on which the gabion boxes/mattresses are to be laid prior to filling shall be at the
levels shown on the Drawings with an even surface.
6.2.2.3 Assembly
Gabion boxes/mattresses shall be assembled on a hard flat surface. After fabrication or
unpacking and unfolding, they shall be stretched out and any kinks removed. Creases shall
be in the correct position for forming the box/mattress compartments. The side and end
panels shall be folded into an upright position to form rectangular boxes or compartments.
The top corners shall be joined together with the thick selvedge wires sticking out of the
corners of each panel. The tops of all sides and partitions shall be levelled except as may be
appropriate to special units. The sides and end panels shall be wired together using binding
wire starting at the top of the panel by looping the wire through the corner and twisting the
wires together. Binding shall continue by lacing the wire through each mesh and around
both selvages, which shall be joined tightly together, with two round turns after every
second mesh. Finally the end of the wire shall be secured at the bottom corner and the end
poked inside the unit. The diaphragms shall be secured in their correct positions by binding
in the same way. The binding wire shall be fixed using 250 mm long nose fencing pliers or
equivalent approved tools.
6.2.2.4 Filling
The boxes shall be placed in their final position before filling commences. They shall be
stretched to their full dimensions and securely pegged to the ground or wired to adjacent
gabions before filling. The vertical corners shall be kept square and to full dimensions by
inserting a steel bar of at least 20 mm diameter at each vertical corner, maintaining it in the
correct final position throughout the filling process, and removing it when the box is full.
Before filling commences, the selvages of the box shall be bound to the selvages of adjacent
boxes with binding wire.
Before filling with stones, gabions shall be anchored at one end or side and stretched from
the opposite end by inserting temporary bars and levering them forward. The top and
bottom shall be kept stretched by tensioning with tie wires attached to an anchor or
equivalent approved method until the gabion has been filled. The gabions shall be inspected
at this stage but before filling with stones to ensure that the tie wiring has been properly
carried out and the gabion boxes/mattresses are not pulling apart.
The filling shall be carried out by placing individual stones into the gabion by hand in
courses in such a manner that the stones are bedded on each other and bonded. No loose
stones shall be tipped into the box and the practice of coursing and bonding the outer layer
and filling the interior with unlaid stones shall not be permitted.
All l.0 m deep gabions shall be filled in three equal layers, and 0.5 m deep gabions in two
equal layers. Where the upper faces of gabion boxes are not covered with further gabions,
vertical bracing wires shall be fitted between the top and bottom mesh using two tie wires
per square metre of surface. The top layer of stones shall be placed with their flattest side
uppermost to provide a small surface for placing the lid. The gabions shall be filled 25 mm
above the top so that the lid can be tightly stretched over the stones.
6-4

PROTECTION WORKS
6.2.2.5 Securing Lids

The gabion box/mattress compartments shall be filled slightly overfull to allow for
subsequent settlement. The lids shall then be laced down with binding, wire to the tops of
all partition panels. The lids shall be stretched to fit the sides exactly, by means of a
suitable tool, but due care shall be taken to ensure that the gabions are not so full that the
lids are over-stretched. The corners shall be temporarily secured first. Gabion
boxes/mattresses shall be laid so that the hinge of the lid is on the lower side of slopes and
on the outer side in flat planes.
Where laid horizontally, hinges shall not be placed on the downstream side, and where
practical shall be placed on the upstream side.
On completion, the boxes shall be completely and tightly filled, square, true to dimensions
and the line and level shown on the Drawings.
6.2.3
Testing
Zinc coating and tensile strength gabion wires shall be carried out by the Contractor as
directed by the Engineer. Failure to comply with the Specifications shall lead to the
rejection of gabion wires. Tests shall be carried out in accordance with IS 280 and IS 4826
on each lot of supply received at Site.
6.2.4

Measurement for payment of gabion boxes/mattresses Types A, B, and C shall be made in
place to the dimensions of the gabion boxes/mattresses shown on the Drawings, or
approved by the Engineer. The payment shall be made by type at the unit rates per cubic
metre for Items No. E-2, E-3 and E-4 of the Bill of Quantities respectively. The unit rates
shall include all costs of gathering, loading onto trucks in quarry, hauling, unloading,
storing of boulders, supply of materials, wires and knitting of wire boxes/mattresses,
packing boulders into wire boxes/mattresses and the box/mattress in place all complete, in
accordance with these Specifications. Excavation up to an average depth of 150 mm shall
be deemed to be included in the rate as dressing of the bed. Excavation beyond this depth
shall be paid for separately, unless otherwise specified.
6-5

6.3
6.3.1
PROTECTION WORKS
Concrete Block Pitching

Materials
The concrete blocks for pitching shall be cast-in-situ to the sizes specified using concrete
class M15. The dimension of the blocks shall as shown on the drawings or such
dimensions as ordered by the Engineer. The blocks shall be placed on a prepared gravel
backing, 0.20m or 0.30m thick or as the Engineer directs otherwise, to a true and even
surface with a gap of 10 mm between the blocks. The Concrete shall comply with the
requirement of CHAPTER 5.0 of this specifications.
6.3.2

Measurement for payment for concrete blocks for pitching shall be made in cubic meter of
concrete blocks placed. The payment shall be made at the unit rate per cubic meter for
Item No. C-4 of the Bill of Quantities. The unit rate for the laying of surface gravel
backing will be as per the Item No. B-2 of the Bill of Quantities.
6.4
Geo-textiles
Geo-textile used for sub-surface drains shall be made of polyethylene or polypropylene or
polyster or similar fibres, either woven or non-woven. Unless otherwise shown on the
Drawing, the geo-textile shall:
(a)
sustain a load of not less than 10 kN/m at break and have a minimum failure strain
of 10 percent when determined in accordance with BS: 6906 or shall have a grab
tensile strength more than 0.4 kN/m and grab elongation corresponding to this limit
in accordance with ASTM D4632.
(b)
have apparent opening size as shown on the Drawing. If no size is shown on the
Drawing, then the apparent size shall be 0.1 mm.
(c)
allow water to flow through it at right angles to its principal plane, in either direction
at a rate of not less than 50 litres/sq.m./sec. under a constant head of 100 mm,
determined in accordance with BS: 6906 (Part 3) or ASTM D4491, unless
otherwise shown on the Drawing. The flow rate determined in the test shall be
corrected to that applicable to a temperature of 15 oC using data on variation in
viscosity of water with temperature.
(d)
have a minimum puncture resistance of 200 N when determined in accordance with

ASTM D4833.
(e)
have a minimum tear resistance of 350 N when determined in accordance with

ASTM D4533.
The higher tensile strength alignment of the geo-textile should in cross sectional direction.
Unless otherwise specified, the overlap between two pieces should be at least 0.50 m. The
supplier shall provide a method statement detailing installation procedures. Prior to deliver
material at site the supplier shall submit a representative geo-textile sample minimum 4.0
m, to be retained by the engineer for purpose of comparative testing together with
materials sampled from product delivered to site.
Payment for geo-textiles shall be made in the unit rate per square metre for the Item No E5 of the Bill of Quantities. The unit rate shall include the cost of material, furnishing,
transporting cutting and installing of geo-textiles including its testing. No extra payment
shall be made for the overlap between the geo-textile pieces and accessories.
6.5
Gravel Filter
6-6

PROTECTION WORKS
Unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, gravel filter shall be placed and compacted
under the concrete, back of weep holes, and boulder pitching. The filter shall be as
specified in the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
The granular material used for the graded filter shall be obtained from the sources
approved by the Engineer, and be hard, dense and free from clay and other foreign matters.
It shall be well graded in accordance with the following limits:
-
maximum size shall be 40 mm.

grading coefficient (60% size/10% size) shall be greater than 4.
the 15% size shall be less than 5 times the 85% size of the soil to be protected.
the 15% size shall be greater than 5 times the 15% size of the soil to be protected.
The grading of the soil to be protected shall be determined by the Contractor at locations
The filter shall be placed in two equal layers. The lower layer shall contain finer material
and the upper layer the coarser material. The filter shall be designed and compacted as
approved or directed by the Engineer.
Measurement for payment of gravel filter shall be made in cubic metres as placed
according to the Drawings, or as instructed by the Engineer. Payment for the graded gravel
filters shall be made at the unit rate per cubic metre for and sieving in quarry, Item No.B-2
of the Bill of Quantities. The unit rate shall include all costs of extracting loading onto
trucks, hauling, unloading, storing, testing, placing, mixing of different grades, spreading
and compacting of the graded filter gravel.
6-7

METAL WORKS
CHAPTER 7
7-1
METAL WORKS

METAL WORKS
CHAPTER 7 METAL WORKS

7.1
7.1.1
General
Standards of Materials and Workmanship
Standards of steel and other metalwork shall comply with the following standards. This list
is given for the Contractors guidance and shall not be taken as exhaustive.
Structural Steel Sections (Part 1: Hot rolled sections)
Steel for forging
Steel Girder Bridges
Steel Wire Ropes
Covered Electrodes for the Manual Metal-Arcs Welding of Mild Steel
Methods of Testing Welds
Black Bolts, Screws and Nuts
Precision Hexagonal Bolts, Screws and Nuts
Steel Tubes and Tubulars suitable for Screwing to BS 21 Pipe Threads
Phosphor Bronze Ingots and Castings
Carbon Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip
Grey Iron Castings
Steel Tubes for Structures
Arc Welding of Carbon Manganese Steels
Cast Steel for General Engineering Purposes
Cadmium Plating
Weldable Structural Steels
High Strength Friction Grip Bolts
Weldable Structural Steel Sections
Part 2: Hollow Section
Part 4: Equal and Unequal Angles
Metal-arc Welding of Carbon and Carbon Manganese Steels
7.1.2
BS 4
BS 29
BS 153
BS 302
BS 639
BS 709
BS 916
BS 1083
BS 1387
BS 1400
BS 1449
BS 1452
BS 1775
BS 2642
BS 3100
BS 3382
BS 4360
BS 4395
BS 4604
BS 4848
BS 5135
Welding
Welding shall be metal-arc welding complying with the requirements of BS 5135 as
appropriate. All welds shall be continuous.
The Contractor shall supply samples to the Engineer when required by him for examination
or test.
7.1.3
Weldable Structural Steel

All weldable structural steel shall comply with the requirements of BS 4360 and shall be
the grade of steel as specified hereinafter, or on the Drawings. Details of the ladle analysis
and the product analysis shall be provided and the maximum carbon equivalent of each
particular grade shall not exceed the appropriate value specified in Clause 1.6 of the
aforesaid British Standard. All plates shall be cold flattened, and no surface defects in any
finished steel shall be corrected by grinding or chipping followed by welding, without the
written permission of the Engineer.
7.1.4
Plate, Sheet and Strip
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METAL WORKS
Carbon steel plate, sheet and strip shall comply with the requirements of BS 1449: Part 1.
Certificates of chemical composition shall be provided and strainage embrittlement tests
shall be undertaken in accordance with the provisions of the aforesaid British Standard.
Plates shall be free of lamination and other imperfections.
7.1.5
Steel Forging
All steel for forging and all forging shall comply with the requirements of BS 29; they shall
be subject to inspection by the Engineer both during and after manufacture and shall be
tested in his presence in accordance with the provisions of the aforesaid British Standard. A
sketch showing the rough shape of the forging before machining shall be submitted for the
approval of the Engineer, together with details of the forging reduction, and after testing
each forging shall be clearly marked to indicate that it is to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
7.1.6
Testing Steel
All steel to be incorporated in the Works shall be subject to inspection and tests.
Steel ordered from the mills shall be examined at the mills by the Engineer, and wherever
possible, shall be tested in his presence in accordance with BS 4360. Three copies of all
works test certificates relating thereto shall be forwarded to the Engineer.
In the case of steel not tested in the presence of the Engineer, whether ordered from the
mills or from stockholders, certified copies of works test certificates shall be supplied as
prescribed herein and the Engineer reserves the right to carry out such further tests as he
may consider necessary at the Contractors expense.
7.1.7
Dimensions of Standard Rolled Steel Sections

The sizes of all materials, articles and structural members are given in metric dimensions,
but for some structural members such dimensions are the direct conversion of the nominal
imperial dimensions of standard rolled steel sections. The Contractor may, if he so wishes,
substitute rolled steel sections of equivalent dimensions and properties, subject to the prior
approval of the Engineer who shall be the sole judge as to their equivalence. Under no
circumstances shall the Contractor place orders for any such substitutions prior to the
Engineer having signified his approval thereof.
7.1.8
Nuts and Bolts

External bolts and fixing rag bolts, nuts and washers shall be sheradised steel. Assembly
nuts, bolts and washers on galvanised fittings or equipment shall be either galvanised or
sheradised.
Nuts and bolts used in the fabrication of aluminium structures shall be cadmium plated and
shall have galvanised washers. Washers shall be separated from the aluminium structure by
fibre washers of equal diameter. Cadmium plating shall comply with the requirements of BS
3382.
7.1.9
Fixing and Building-in

Openings left in concrete for the subsequent fitting and concreting-in of pipework and
fixtures shall have the soffit of the opening inclined at not less than one in four to the
horizontal. The periphery of the opening shall be formed as specified for construction
joints.
7-3

METAL WORKS
After placing the pipe or fixture, the remaining void shall be carefully packed with concrete
of the appropriate class to produce a watertight joint. The concrete shall be retained by a
shutter which shall be built up, as concrete filling proceeds. The Contractor shall ascertain
from the suppliers of prefabricated or manufactured goods any special fixing instructions
and shall refer them to the Engineer.
Where fixing bolts are positioned by means of a template, they shall be supported and
braced to remain in perfect alignment during the setting of the concrete or grout. Where it is
necessary to drill for fixing, the holes shall be the correct size and they shall be grouted
solid with cement mortar.
Frames and flanges to be fixed against the face of concrete masonry or brickwork shall be
supported against the face and separated from it by packings. Immediately before fixing the
frame or flange, the face shall be carefully cleaned and roughened over the whole area to be
covered. The nut securing each point shall be lightly tightened to hold the frame or flange in
its correct position without distortion. The space between the face and frame or flange shall
then be filled with cement mortar or a hard-setting butyl mastic. After the filling has
hardened, the nuts shall be finally tightened in a sequence to prevent distortion and to
ensure equal bearing. Cement mortar shall not be used where the frame or flange is of
aluminium. The packings shall maintain a minimum gap of 10 mm to be filled with cement
mortar. The material of the packing shall be to the approval of the Engineer, it shall be
waterproof, durable and compatible with the materials with which it comes into contact. It
shall be hard, but just sufficiently flexible that any shrinkage of the filler during hardening
is taken up in the process of final tightening. When fixing sluices and the like, the gates or
doors shall be in the closed position.
Care shall be taken to protect faces and other working parts from mortar and other
droppings.
Except where otherwise specified, when metal is fixed permanently to metal or any other
surface, the metal surfaces in contact shall be painted on Site with two coats of bituminous
paint immediately prior to fixing.
Under no circumstances shall aluminium be built into wet concrete or be fixed to green
concrete.
Where it is necessary to join aluminium to steel or cast iron the two surfaces shall be
separated by an approved insulation not less than 1.5 mm thick.
Where aluminium or ferrous structural members are built into brickwork, masonry or
concrete, the contact surfaces shall be first painted with two coats of bituminous paint.
Where aluminium surfaces are in contact, the jointing compound shall be loaded with zinc
chromate.
Electrical apparatus to be fixed to the walls and soffits in below ground structures, and
when likely to be subjected to damp conditions, shall be fixed 10 mm clear of the surface
by means of barrels or other suitable spacing devices.
7.2
7.2.1
Protection of Metalwork
Galvanising
All materials to be galvanised shall be of the full dimensions required, and all holes shall be
drilled therein before galvanising. Galvanising shall be carried out by the hot-dip process as
7-4

METAL WORKS
specified in BS 729 and the weight of coating shall be not less than the appropriate value
given in Table 1 thereof.
Items to be galvanised shall first have all weld spatter, mill scale and other adherents
removed after fabrication, then they shall be pickled and washed before being hot-dip
galvanised. All parts shall be passivated after galvanizing in order to minimise
discoloration.
7.2.2
Shearadising
The shearadising of items such as anchor bolts, bolts, nuts, washers and other small
articles, shall be as specified in BS 4921.
7.2.3
Shop Cleaning and Painting

The Contractor shall make sure that the surfaces of metalwork are prepared and painted
before despatch from the manufacturer's works, all as specified in this Sub- Clause.
Metalwork surfaces to be painted shall be shot or grit blasted, and the maximum surface
roughness of blasted metal shall not exceed an amplitude of 0.1 mm. A second quality
surface finish is required in accordance with BS 4232.
The blasting material shall be in accordance with BS 2451, and the following abrasive
properly used, which shall produce the required surface roughness:
Steel and malleable iron:
Chilled iron:
S 340 shot or G 39 grit

S 240 shot or G 24 grit
Blast cleaned surfaces shall receive their first coat of priming paint under warm, dry, dust
free conditions within four hours of cleaning. Contact surfaces of the joints made with
friction grip bolts shall be left unpainted as specified in BS 4604, Part 1, Clause 3.2.1. Any
paint that has been previously applied shall be removed by blast cleaning.
Contact surfaces in welded construction that will be completely sealed shall be left
unpainted. Surfaces which will be in contact with concrete when erected shall receive no
treatment or painting.
Contact surfaces or sub-assemblies which are put together at the manufacturers works and
which will be in permanent contact or concealment after shop assembly, other than those
surfaces mentioned above, shall be cleaned and painted with one coat of priming paint
before assembly and brought finally together while the paint is still wet.
All rags, brushes and tools used for the surface preparation shall be clean.
Surfaces contaminated with oil or grease shall be cleaned with white spirit.
Surfaces to be painted shall be properly prepared and ample time shall be allowed for
drying and hardening, before the application of successive coats of paint, and no exterior
painting shall be done in wet or foggy weather.
Immediately before paint is applied, the whole of the surface to be painted shall be
thoroughly cleaned of all dust, loose paint or dirt, if necessary by washing with fresh clean
water and by brushing with a bristle brush. Metalwork shall be thoroughly dry before
application of paint.
The first coat of priming paint shall be applied by brush. The ideal temperature for painting
lies within the range 15 C to 32 C with the ambient relative humidity below 90%. So far
7-5

METAL WORKS
as is practicable, all painting shall be done when the ambient conditions are favourable and
are likely to continue so throughout the drying time of the paint.
Before despatch from the manufacturers works, surfaces of steelwork which have been
previously primed shall be properly cleaned and shall receive a second coat of priming
paint, and machined surfaces shall be cleaned with one coat of a mixture of white lead and
tallow or with approved varnish or plastic paints.
7.2.4
Supply of Paint and Painting at Site

The Contractor shall prepare the surfaces and apply the finishing coats of paints during
erection at Site.
The Contractor shall supply and deliver to the Site a sufficient quantity of priming paint to
make good any damage during delivery, handling and erection. The Contractor shall also
supply and deliver to the Site sufficient paint for two finishings. The supply and delivery of
the paint shall be in accordance with programmes which the Contractor shall have
previously agreed with the Engineer and having proper regard to the shelf life of the paints,
and all to the approval of the Engineer.
The paint shall be delivered in the paint manufacturers drums with seals unbroken. Each
drum shall be clearly, and indelibly marked with a description of its contents, its date of
manufacture, and the date before which it should be used. Each drum shall have a different
serial number. The Contractor shall keep a record of the delivery dates of each drum and its
use-by date. Copies of the records should be available if requested by the Engineer or the
Employer.
7.2.5
Paint
Unless otherwise specified all coating and painting of metalwork shall be executed in
accordance with the principles and practices recommended by BS 5493. Testing of paints
shall be in accordance with BS 3900.
Linseed oil for coating steel pins, bolts, nuts, etc. shall be boiled oil as specified in BS 257.
Black paint, tar based, shall comply with BS 1070, Type A.
Lead-based priming paint shall comply with BS 2523, Type B. Zinc-rich paint shall
comply with BS 4652.
Aluminium paint for use on metalwork shall conform to the following requirements:
-
The pigment shall consist entirely of leafing aluminium powder and shall be Type 1 as
specified in BS 388.
The proportion of pigment to medium shall not be less than 20% by weight.
The medium for priming paint shall be either a mixture of quick-drying phenolic resin
or tungoil and linseed oil, or alkyd resins.
The medium for finishing paint shall be acrylic resin.
The following schedule sets out the components of the schemes for protection of the water
control Plants:
Surface preparations:
Blast cleaning as specified

7-6

METAL WORKS
Priming Paint
(a) Underwater parts:
2 coats of zinc epoxy paint. Total dry film thickness

microns.
50
(b) Above water parts:
2 coats of zinc phosphate priming paint to suit the

finishing paint. Total dry film thickness 70 microns.
Finishing Paint
(a) Underwater parts:
2 coats of coal tar/epoxy. Total dry film thickness

microns.
250
(b) Above water parts:
1 undercoat and 1 finishing coat of high build M10

chlorinated rubber paint in silver grey. Total dry film
thickness 200 microns.
All the paints shall be obtained from the same manufacturer and shall be compatible with
the other paints in the same protective scheme. They shall be suitable for the climatic
conditions in the Employers country. The manufacturer and the formulation of the paints
shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer. The Contractor shall supply to the
Engineer samples of the paints at least fifty-six (56) days before their being used on the
Works.
The primer used beneath the coal tar/epoxy paint shall be specially formulated for the
purpose.
In selecting or formulating the zinc rich priming paint, the Contractor shall give due regard
to the period of storage and to the requirement that it shall give protection outdoors for
periods of possibly up to six (6) months.
The coal tar/epoxy paint shall be such that the coating will not run or craze when exposed
to direct sunlight on the Site for prolonged periods after immersion in water.
7.2.6
Painting during Erection

During the erection of the gates, the Contractor shall observe the following with regard to
painting:
(a) Contact surfaces that will be completely sealed in welded construction shall not be painted.
(b) Surfaces which will be in continuous contact with concrete after completion of erection
shall not be painted.
(c) Contact surfaces of sub-assemblies and other members which are put together at Site,
and which will be in permanent contact with each other or concealed after erection
(other than those mentioned in paragraphs (a) or (b) above) shall each be cleaned and
painted with one coat priming paint before assembly and then assembled while the
paint is still wet.
Contact surfaces of joints made with friction grip bolts shall be left unpainted as
specified in BS 4604 Part 1, Clause 3.2.1.
7.3
Handrail for Structures
7-7

METAL WORKS
The Contractor shall furnish and install the galvanised steel pipes for handrail of bridge
and other structures as shown on the Drawings. The galvanised steel pipes shall have an
inside diameter of not less than 50 mm for handrail of bridge and not less than 38 mm for
handrail of other structures. The pipes shall be new and the best grade and quality for
handrail purposes. Unless otherwise specified, the pipe shall comply with BS 1387.
The galvanised steel pipes shall be installed as shown on the Drawings. Welding of the
galvanised steel pipes shall be performed only where shown on the Drawings, or approved
by the Engineer. The galvanised steel pipes shall be thoroughly painted after they have been
completely installed. The painting shall in all aspects conform to the requirements of SubClause 10.2 hereof.
Measurement for payment shall be made in running metre of the length of galvanised steel
pipe installed as shown on the Drawings, or directed by the Engineer. Payment for the
galvanised steel pipe shall be made at the unit rate per linear metre for Item No. D-4 of the
Bill of Quantities. The unit rate shall include the cost of all materials, labour and tools, cost
of all operations for furnishing and installing the galvanised steel pipes, and cost of
painting.
7.4
Aluminium Staff Gauging Plate

The staff gauge shall be fixed at regulators, secondary and sub-secondary offtakes and
measuring structures as shown on the Drawings, or as directed by the Engineer, with
reference to the weir crest levels of the structures. The gauges and plaques shall be fixed to
vertical faces of the structures or on the slope of the canal lining portion. Slotted holes shall
be provided for fixing, and allowing fine adjustment. Proposed gauges and associated
reference plates shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval prior to ordering and/or
manufacturing.
The aluminium staff gauge shall be 2 millimetres thick and 5 millimetre scale, and a
commercialised product of reputable manufacturers. The staff gauge shall be fixed at the
inlet and outlet of bifurcation structures, diversion structures and measuring devices, as
shown on the Drawings or directed by the Engineer.
Payment for supplying, furnishing and fixing the aluminium staff gauge shall be made at
the unit rate per linear metre for Item No. F-13 of the Bill of Quantities.
7.5
Trash Rack
The Contractor shall furnish and install trash racks at the head regulators or as shown on
the Drawings, or as directed by the Engineer. A trash rack shall consist of a rack panel and
supporting member to be embedded into the concrete base. Rack panels shall be fabricated
of steel frames and flat and round steel bars and be fixed onto supporting members
anchored in the base concrete by corrosion-resisting steel bolt fittings, as shown on the
Drawings. Supporting members at floor and horizontal beams, if any, shall be anchored to
the concrete base rigidly. All materials used for trash racks shall comply with Sub-Clause
7.1.
The trash rack shall be installed as shown on the Drawings. After complete installation, the
trash rack shall be thoroughly painted, and the painting shall in all respects conform to the
requirements of Sub-Clause 7.2 hereof.
Measurement for payment for trash racks shall be made for the design weight of the
structural steel members actually used in accordance with the Drawing, or as directed by
the Engineer.
7-8

METAL WORKS
Clips, ties or other materials used for positioning and fastening each member of the
fabricated parts in place, and such small hardware as nuts, washers, hinges, hook for lock,
etc., shall not be measured for payment.
Payment for furnishing, handling, assembling, transporting, installing and finishing a trash
rack, shall be made at the unit price per ton for Item No. D-3 of the Bill of Quantities,
which unit price shall include all costs of labour, materials and equipment, including the
cost of painting and furnishing all required hardware and others necessary items.
7.6
Embedded Metalworks
Embedded metalworks on such portions of concrete structures as stoplog grooves,
blockouts for installation of gates, and edge of measuring device, etc. shall be furnished
and installed by the Contractor as shown on the Drawings, or as directed by the Engineer.
All materials used for these embedded metalworks shall be of a high class commercial
grade acceptable to the Engineer.
The metalworks for the edge of measuring devices shall be installed and finished
sufficiently to give accurate measurements of discharges in the canal, as shown on the
Drawings. After completion of concrete structures, all exposed surfaces of embedded
metalworks, except anchor plates and bolts installed in blockout portions for installation of
gates, shall be thoroughly painted in accordance with Sub-Clause 7.2 hereof.
Measurement for payment of all embedded metalworks specified herein shall be made for
the design weight of the structural steel members actually used in accordance with the
Drawing, or as directed by the Engineer.
Clips, ties or other materials used for positioning and fastening each member of fabricated
parts in place, and such small hardware as nuts, washers, hinges, hooks for locks, etc.,
shall not be measured for payment.
Payment for furnishing, handling, assembling, transporting, installing and finishing all
embedded metal works shall be made at the unit price per ton for Item No. D-2 of the Bill
of Quantities, unit price of which shall include all costs of labour, materials and
equipment,including the cost of painting, and furnishing all required hardware and others
necessary items.
7.7
Metal Ladder and Step

The metal ladder shall consist of a vertical steel frame of flat bars with plain round bars
welded to the flat bar frame. The metal steps shall be a set of plain round bars directly
embedded into the surface of structures horizontally, in a vertical row. Materials used for
metal ladder and step shall be in accordance with Sub-Clause 7.1.
Metal ladders shall be installed as shown on the Drawings. The metal steps shall be fixed
on the vertical or sloped surfaces of structures directly, as shown on the Drawings.
After the metal ladder/steps have been completely installed, they shall be thoroughly
painted, and the painting shall in all respects conform to the requirements of Sub-Clause
7.2 hereof.
No separate payment for metal ladder/steps shall be made. The cost of ladder/ steps which
include all costs of labour, materials and equipment, including furnishing, handling and
transporting of the steel flat bars and plain round bars, installing and painting of metal
ladder/steps, and of nuts, bolts and steel plates necessary for installing the metal
7-9

METAL WORKS
ladder/steps shall be deemed to be included in the respective concrete works, in which the
ladder is fixed.
7.8
Galvanized open steel flooring including supporting steel work and fixing
Chequerplate flooring complete with cut-outs and in sizes suitable for removal by hand
shall be of mild steel and of sufficient thickness to carry a loading of 5.0 KN/m 2 but not
less than 8.0 mm thick. This shall be measured excluding the pattern, which shall be raised
self draining non-slip pattern.
The chequerplating shall be set in mild steel rebated surround frames built into the floor.
The chequering plate will be supported by rolled steel members.
The chequerplating shall be secured to the surround frames and supporting members by
means of countersunk gun-metal or other corrosion-resistant pins or set screws and the top
of the chequerplating shall be flush with the adjacent floor. The chequerplating and the
supporting members shall all be removable and of convenient size for handling. Lifting
holes shall be provided in each chequerplate and the contractor shall supply two sets of
lifting keys.
Galvanised open steel floring shall be Safetread, type HSP with bearing bar size of 50mm *
5 mm as supplied by Messrs, Allan Kennedy Co.Ltd., Stocktom-on Tees, UK or other
similar approved type.
The external open steel flooring shall be set on support work and shall be secured to the
support work by means of locating cleats or approved festners, all as shown on the
Drawings.
The chequerplate and open steel flooring shall not be painted.
7.9
Steel plates to as covers to pressure relief manholes (750mm*550mm*12mm )

The thickness of the steel plate cover for the pressure relief manholes shall be minimum of
12 mm. The dimension will be 750 mm * 550 mm in size or as specified in the Drawing
and as directed by the Engineer. The quality of steel shall be as specified in the Sub -Clause
7.1.1 of these specifications.
Payment for steel plates to as covers to pressure relief manholes shall be made at the unit
price per number for installing and painting, and of nuts and bolts necessary Item No. D-6
of the Bill of Quantities, which unit price shall include all costs of labour, materials and
equipment, including furnishing, handling and transporting of the steel plate, for installing
the steel plates to as covers to pressure relief manholes.
7.10 Perforated steel plates to Fish pass ( 2000mm *1200mm *12 mm )

Perforated steel plates subjected to the material standard of the Sub- Clause 7.1.1 of these
specifications shall be installed in Fish Pass as specified in the Drawing and as directed by
the Engineer. The thickness of the plate shall be of minimum 12 mm and the rest of the
dimension of the stainless steel perforated plate will be 2000 mm* 1200 mm or as specified
in the Drawing. The stainless steel perforated plate shall be bolted to studs set in concrete
and open area will be 30~ 40 % of gross area of opening.
Payment for steel plates to Fish Pass shall be made at the unit price per number for Item
No. D-7 of the Bill of Quantities, which unit price shall include all costs of labour,
materials and equipment, including furnishing, handling and transporting of the steel plate,
installing and painting, and of nuts and bolts necessary for installing the steel plates.
7-10

METAL WORKS
7.11 Flexible Neoprene Flap valve

Flexible Neoprene Flap Valve shall be installed at the end of the 100 mm outer diameter
vertical uPVC drain pipe as specified in the Drawings. The Flexible Neoprene Flap Valve
shall be attached with the stainless steel socket. The quality of steel shall be as per the
Clause 7.1.1 hereof. The quality of Flexible Neoprene Flap Valve shall comply with the
relevant NS/IS/BS/ASTM (any one) Standard.
Payment for flexible Neoprene Flap valve to relief pipes with stainless steel socket
attachment shall be made at the unit price per number for Item No. D-9 and equipment,
including furnishing, handling and transporting of the Flexible Neoprene Flap Valve and
stainless steel socket , installing and painting , and of accessories necessary for installing
the Flexible Neoprene Flap Valve.
7.12 Threaded cap in stainless steel socket for 110 mm dia pipes
Threaded cap in stainless steel socket has to fitted in the 110 mm dia uPVC pressure relief
pipes, as specified in the Drawing, and as directed by the Engineer. The quality of steel
shall be as specified in the Sub- Clause 7.1.1.
Payment for threaded cap in stainless steel socket for 110 mm dia pipes shall be made at
the unit price per number for Item No. D-10 of the Bill of Quantities, which unit price shall
include all costs of labour, materials and equipment, including furnishing, handling and
transporting of the threaded cap, installing and painting, and of accessories necessary for
installing the threaded cap.
7.13 Gate valve, pipe work and other arrangement to fish pass
Gate valve to fish pass shall be as specified in the Drawing and subjected to relevant
NS/IS/ATMS(any one) standard. The arrangement includes 400 mm dia and 600 mm dia
steel pipe with long spindle gate valve in local 1.2 * .60 m box out. The connecting steel
pipe to conduit (0.8 * 0.8 m) shall be 400 mm and 600 mm dia steel flushing pipes with
puddle flange having a length of 1.5 m and 3 m each. The quality of steel shall be as per the
Clause 7.1.1 hereof. The detail arrangement of gate valve, pipe work and accessories shall
be as specified in the Drawings, or as directed by the Engineer.
Payment for gate valve, pipe work and the accessories shall be made at the unit price per
set of Item No. F-11 of the Bill of Quantities, which shall include all costs of labour,
materials and equipment, including furnishing, handling and transporting of the material,
installing and painting, and of accessories necessary for installing the gate valve and pipe
work.
7-11
CHAPTER 8
WATER CONTROL EQUIPMENT

CHAPTER 8 WATER CONTROL EQUIPMENT

8.1
8.1.1
Gates and Gate Hardware

Design, Drawing and Data
No drawings other than those included in the Bidding Documents shall be provided by the
Employer. The Drawings provided show general details only. The Contractor shall therefore
prepare the necessary detailed Design Drawings and data required for the fabrication and
installation of the gates and other metalworks. Steel gates shall be designed/fabricated by a
firm which has reasonable past experience. If the Contractor lacks sufficient experience in
fabricating gates, a specialist firm shall be engaged.
Any fabrication or procurement, prior to approval of the design, drawings and the relevant
data, shall be at the Contractors own risk. The Engineer has the right to order the
Contractor to make any change in the design, drawings and data so as to make the gates
and metalworks conform to the requirement of the under mentioned specifications without
additional cost to the Employer. However, approval from the Engineer on the Contractors
design, drawings and data shall not relieve the Contractor of any part of the Contractors
responsibility.
Before proceeding with fabrication or procurement of gates and metalworks, the Contractor
shall submit two (2) sets of the drawings and data showing specification of materials,
assembly, lift capacity and detailed dimensions to the Engineer for approval.
The costs of preparing the design, drawings and data, and submitting such things to the
Engineer shall be included in the unit rates in the Bill of Quantities for furnishing and
installing the gates and other metalworks.
8.1.2
Design to Suit Climate

The water control equipment to be supplied, shall be designed with due regard to the
climatic conditions prevailing in the Project area, particular care being taken to
accommodate expansion and contraction due to temperature changes. Water control
equipment shall be suitable for operating in ambient air temperatures from 5 C to 45 C
but parts exposed to the sun may reach higher temperatures.
8.1.3
Materials, Stresses and Workmanship

The water control equipment shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the
requirements of BS 153 except where inconsistent with the terms of the Specifications. The
deflection of gates shall be restricted to 1/600 of their clear span.
8.1.4
Minimum Thickness
An allowance of 2 mm shall be added to the thickness of gate skinplates over and above the
calculated thickness required to meet the design stresses, but in no case shall the actual
skinplate thickness be less than 8 mm, unless otherwise shown on the Drawings.
Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, plates (other than skinplates) rolled steel angles
and tee sections used in the construction of gates shall have a minimum thickness of 10
mm and the webs of rolled steel beams and channel sections shall have a minimum
thickness of 9 mm.
Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, metalworks which will be permanently or semipermanently submerged, such as that used for embedded guides, frames, etc., shall have a
8-2

minimum thickness of 10 mm, with the exception of rolled steel beam and channel sections
which shall have a minimum thickness of 7.5 mm.
8.1.5
Gate Design
Each gate shall be designed to withstand and operate against the seating head of water
specified on the relevant Drawings with no water downstream and of being raised clear of
the orifice soffit.
Each gate shall consist of framing incorporating guide grooves, sealing faces and a spindle
guide bracket supporting members specified on the Drawings, movable gate leaf with
sealing faces and operating gear.
8.1.6
Framing and Gear Supporting Members

The gate framing shall consist of steel guide grooves fabricated from a standard MS
sections with sill, lintel and spindle guide bracket supporting members, where specified on
the Drawing, and shall all be connected to the grooves by bolts at their ends.
Gear supporting members shall be angle sections or other suitable sections connected to the
grooves by bolts at their ends.
The groove members shall extend upwards to support and guide the gate throughout its
travel and shall be arranged for bolting on to the concrete headwall, or casting into gate
slots, as shown on the Drawings.
The framing shall be fitted with machined non-ferrous or stainless steel faces upon which
the gate shall slide and seal. Arrangements shall be incorporated to permit the framing to be
accurately aligned and levelled and finally held in position before being grouted to the
concrete headwall, or gate slot filled with concrete.
The gear supporting members shall be designed to resist the loads resulting from operating
the gate.
8.1.7
Gate
The gate shall consist of a steel skinplate supported by horizontal stiffening members
connected to vertical side guiding and stiffening members contained within the grooves.
Arrangements shall be provided for attaching the gate to the operating spindle by a nonferrous hinge pin.
Slide Gates -
8.1.8
The gate shall be fitted with machined non-ferrous sliding faces and
approved rubber seals, as detailed on the Drawings, to achieve an effective
watertight seal.
Roller Gates - The gate shall have cast iron self-lubricating rollers with ARMCO
Lubrite, or similar, bushings.
Operating Gear
The operating gear shall consist of a hand operated self-sustaining gear capable of
operating the gate against the maximum water loading conditions specified, and capable of
positively holding the gate in any position when the handwheel or crank handle is released.
The operating gear shall be capable of being operated by one man.
The gear units shall consist of a bronze operating nut engaging with a mild steel operating
screw attached to the gate. The lifting mechanisms shall be either Armco type HB 18 to 24
8-3

Armco type for gates requiring only a single lifting mechanism or Armco type CPE 2 or 4
for gates requiring tandem lifting mechanisms with one stem left threaded and one right
threaded. Other proprietary lifting mechanisms of equivalent specification to the Armco
units can be supplied with the prior approval of the Engineer.
All gear sprockets and pinions shall be machine cut with ratio and strength adequate to
withstand operating loads.
Gears shall be enclosed with casings to avoid dust and rain.
To prevent unauthorised use, operating gear shall be provided with appropriate locking
devices.
The lift housing or handwheel shall be provided with a cast-in direction arrow and the word
OPEN to indicate the direction of operation, to open gates.
Lift mechanisms shall be provided with a cast iron stop nut to allow adjustable end-stop
travel.
8.1.9
Bolted Joints
The Contractor shall supply all the necessary bolts, nuts, washers etc, for fixing the
metalwork, together with a suitable number of spare bolts, nuts and washers. Bolted joints
subject to vibration shall be securely locked.
All bolt holes shall be drilled and the outside edges slightly countersunk.
Friction grip bolts, nuts and washers shall comply with BS 4604, Part 1. They shall be
used on all bolted joints which are liable to vibrate and elsewhere to the approval of the
Engineer.
8.1.10 Field Connections

Field connections shall, whenever possible, be bolted connections. Welded field connections
will be permitted where it is considered by the Engineer impractical to form bolted
connections, in which case the weld preparation shall be carried out in the manufacturers
works before despatch and the prepared surfaces shall be fully protected for transport to,
and storage on, the Site. The Contractor shall supply the electrodes for completing the
connections on site.
Connections to be welded at Site shall be made by the Contractors welders using their own
welding plant.
8.1.11 Standardisation and Maintenance
Wherever possible, corresponding parts shall be finished with sufficient accuracy to ensure
that they are interchangeable, and where required by the Engineer interchangeability shall be
proved by actually changing the various parts.
The design shall be such that all parts of the installations are accessible for inspection and
maintenance and for use where continuity of operation is a first consideration. Drainage
holes shall be provided in members which are likely to collect or retain water.
8.1.12 Advance Delivery of Anchor Members, etc.
8-4

Anchor members, seating plates etc. for building into primary concrete work to facilitate
alignment and fixing of embedded parts shall be supplied by the Contractor and delivered
in advance of the remainder of the parts, in accordance with a programme arranged by the
Contractor and agreed by the Engineer to fit the overall construction programme.
8.1.13 Preparation and Storage of Bolts
Before they are despatched to the Site, the Contractor shall protect all bolts (other than ragbolts, Lewis bolts and galvanised bolts) by heating them and dipping them while hot into
boiled linseed oil, or shall provide such other protection as may be approved by the
Engineer. The Contractor shall pack the bolts carefully so that the threads do not become
damaged or dirty during delivery, storage and transport to Site.
8.1.14 Packing and Marking
The Contractor shall pack, mark, and as necessary protect, all parts for delivery, unloading,
storage and subsequent transport to Site in accordance with the relevant section of BS
1133.
Attention shall be given to the protection of parts which are liable to deterioration in the
climatic condition prevailing in the Project Area, and the form of packaging shall be such
that no damage to the equipment shall result from normal handling or prolonged storage in
the open.
Small parts shall be boxed and suitably marked on the outside. Larger parts shall be
protected as necessary and shall be suitably marked and listed.
Lists of contents of crates, boxes and bunches shall be supplied and shall be handed over to
the Engineer on delivery of each consignment.
Attention shall be given to the method of marking sub-assemblies and other components to
assist in identifying them at Site. The method of marking employed shall enable any
particular component or sub-assembly to be easily identified from the Contractors
Drawings and also from the shipping specification.
Where practicable, components for each individual site shall be packed separately so that
all items required for each site may be easily separated and transported to individual sites.
8.1.15 Erection at Place of Manufacture

Each gate and operating gear shall be fully assembled at the place of manufacture for
inspection by the Engineer and, if considered necessary, testing before despatch. The
Contractor shall arrange for the manufacturer to give the Engineer, in writing, a minimum
of fourteen (14) days notice prior to the date when the assemblies will be ready for
inspection. No parts shall be despatched from the manufacturers works until they have
been marked to ensure correct re-assembly at Site.
8.1.16 Inspection at Place of Manufacture
Inspection of materials, workmanship, manufacture of the gates, and the trial assembly of
components at the place of manufacture, in accordance with the preceding Sub-Clause of
these Specifications, shall be carried out by the Engineer at his discretion and shall include
the following:
8-5

(a) Checks on steel and other materials used to ensure compliance with accepted
standards. Manufacturer's chemical analysis sheets and report sheets showing results
of tests on any physical properties which may be called for.
(b) Dimensional checks to ensure conformity with approved Drawings.
(c) Weld inspection and testing where required.
(d) Inspection of cleaning and painting of steelwork.
(e) Witnessing erection and testing at the manufacturers works.
(f) Inspection of method of packing components for despatch.
8.1.17 Instructions for Site Erection
As soon as practicable four (4) sets of instructions, detailing the method of Site erection of
the various types of Water Control Units to be supplied under the Contract, shall be
furnished by the Contractor and handed over to the Engineer. The instructions shall be in
English and shall refer to identification marks on the various components.
8.1.18 Operating and Maintenance Manuals
Manuals with sufficient detailed instructions, in English, for operating and maintaining the
various items of water control shall be provided by the Contractor. The Contractor shall
prepare a draft of the instructions for the approval of the Engineer, and thereafter shall
supply six (6) sets of the Manuals, together with any relevant reduced-scale drawings,
catalogues, parts lists etc., on stout paper bound into durable covers for use at the various
sites.
The manuals shall be provided as soon as possible after the delivery of the water control
units.
8.1.19 Spare Parts, Special Tools, etc.
Spare parts, as recommended by the manufacturer, together with any special tools, grease
guns, etc. required for maintaining the gates, shall be provided and delivered to the store at
the Project Office in Nepalgunj. The spare parts shall generally consist of one (1) set of all
gate fittings, seals, etc., sufficient to fit up one gate of each type, together with
recommended spares.
8.1.20 Storage of Fabricated Metalwork
Fabricated steelwork when stored at the Works, and at the Site, shall be properly laid out
and stacked in an orderly manner. The method of stacking shall ensure that the steelwork is
kept clear of the ground and that no pools of water or debris can collect thereon; each layer
shall be separated from adjacent layers by stout timber battens or packings.
8.1.21 Erection of Metalwork
The erection of the metalwork at the Site shall comply with BS 449, Part 5 and be in
accordance with the recommendations of BS 5531. When lifting and fitting metalwork into
position care shall be taken that the parts thereof are not strained, twisted, bent or damaged
in any way whatsoever. Should any parts be strained, twisted, bent or damaged they shall
be rectified in such manner as the Engineer may approve. Any parts that are, in the opinion
of the Engineer, too badly damaged for rectification in the manner aforesaid shall be
replaced by new material. All rectification and/or replacement shall be carried out at the
Contractors own cost.
8-6

The stacking of metalwork, or the individual parts thereof, that are stored in positions as
may, in the opinion of the Engineer, cause damage to any of the members or parts thereof
or to any portion of the Works, shall not be permitted.
Proper and suitable slings, blocks, tackles, shear legs, derricks, cranes and other types of
lifting appliances and equipment shall be provided, whenever needed for the erection of the
metalwork and the use of all such equipment shall be in accordance with the
recommendations of CP 3010. Every care and precaution shall be taken to ensure the safety
of all persons engaged in such work and to prevent damage to any metalwork in the process
of being erected or already erected or to any part of the Works from the results of any
mishap, failure, breakdown or other accident to any of the aforesaid lifting appliances and
equipment. The lifting of metalwork in bundles or in such quantities or in any manner
which, in the opinion of the Engineer, is liable to cause damage or strain or is in any way
considered to be insecure or unsafe shall not be permitted.
The use of high strength friction grip bolts and nuts in the erection of metalwork shall be
generally in accordance with the provisions of BS 4604: Part 1, except that the method of
tightening load indicating bolts or bolts incorporating load indicators shall be in conformity
with the manufacturers instructions.
8.1.22 Testing after Erection
After erection, the Contractor shall check that the gates and gate hardware are complete
and in working order, and satisfactorily fulfils the purpose for which it is intended.
The Contractor shall test all gates to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Each gate shall be
made to move through a full cycle of operation using the equipment specified for the
purpose, unless otherwise instructed, and each gate when closed shall affect a watertight
seal to the approval of the Engineer.
8.1.23 Painting of Gates

The painting of gates shall be done as specified in the Clause 7.2 Protection of
Metalworks of the Technical specification
Measurement for payment shall be made on the basis of the weight of the gate including
guide frame, hoist and all other accessories. The payment for furnishing and installing the
gate shall be made at the unit rate per ton for, drawings, supply of Item No. D-2 of the Bill
of Quantities. The unit rate shall cover the cost of preparing the design data, cost of all
materials, fabrication, manufacturing, painting, loading and unloading labour, furnishing
and installing the slide gate including frame, hoist, operation handwheel and all other
accessories, cost of operation test, adjustments and changes, and cost of painting and
greasing, all complete in accordance with Sub-Clauses 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 of these Technical
Specifications.
However, if a separate unit rate is provided in the Bill of Quantities for painting the
structural metalwork, payment shall be made per square metre of the surface effectively
painted and accepted by the Engineer.
\
8.2
Wheel and Axle type Lifting Gates for Intake and Flushing Sluice Structures
8-7

8.2.1
General
Wheel and axle type lifting gates shall be provided as per general drawings.
Flushing sluice gates and head regulator gates shall have maximum head of 5.14 m. and
7.58 m. respectively. Each gate shall be designed to withstand and operate against the
maximum upstream heads of water specified above with no water downstream and shall be
capable of regulating the flow of water by adjustments to the gate position by means of the
operating gear. In addition the settling basin flushing sluice gates shall be designed to
withstand a reverse head of water of 2.60 m acting over the whole of the gated area but will
not be required to operate or seal against this reverse loading condition.
8.2.2
Embedded Parts
The embedded parts shall consist of groove members built into recesses in the concrete
piers and abutments, a lintel member attached to the lower edge of the concrete breast wall
and a sill member built into a recess in the concrete flooring.
The groove members shall consist of rolled steel sections extending upwards from the sill
level sufficiently to guide the gate throughout its normal travel having machined steel
pathways upon which the gate wheels shall bear and machined sealing surfaces.
The groove members shall be fitted with adjusting and fixing the devices to enable them to
be acurately positioned and securely held within the recesses in the concrete work during
concreting-in.
The lintel member shall consist of a fabricated steel tee section having a machined surface
upon which the upper sealing member of the gate shall bear when the gate is fully closed.
The lintel member shall be connected to the groove members at each end and attached to
the concrete breast wall at intervals across the span.
The sill member shall consist of a rolled steel tee or other suitable section having a
machined upper surface on which the lower sealing member of the gate shall bear. The sill
member shall be fitted with levelling screws to permit its accurate alignment and levelling
within a recess formed in the concrete floor. The ends of the sill member shall be connected
to the groove members as each end.
Anchor members for building into primary concretework within the recesses, to facilitate
alignment and fixing of the embedded parts, shall be supplied by the manufacturer and
delivered in advance of the remainder of the components.
8.2.3
Gates, Wheel and Axles

The gates shall be of welded steel construction consisting of a vertical skinplate supported
on the downstream side by a series of horizontal beams and vertical stiffeners. The
horizontal beams shall be connected to two vertical end members.
The skinplate shall be stiffened along its upper edge by means of a rolled steel angle or
other suitable section.
The gate wheels shall be of high grade cast iron or steel having machined treads. The
wheel bearings shall be of self-lubricating material rotating on stainless steel axles fixed to
the gate structure. The wheels shall be capable of being easily removed when the gates are
raised.
8-8

Each gate shall arranged to seal at the sides, top and bottom against water pressure acting
from the upstream side. The seals shall consist of rubber strips secured to the gate by
bolted clamping bars and shall be arranged to seal against the machined surfaces of the
embedded parts. The seal fixing bolts shall be of corrosion resisting material.
The gates shall be raised and lowered on twin stainless steel lifting rods attached to the top
of gate as shown on the Drawings. The lifting rods shall be supported in suitable steady
bearings bushed with self-lubricating material. The steady bearings shall be complete with
the necessary supporting steelwork.
8.2.4
Operating Gear and Platforms

(i)
Settling Basin Flushing Gates
Each gate shall be provided with its own hand operated lifting gear suitable for operation
by one man.
The operating gear shall consist of a manually operated self-sustaining gear capable of
operating the gate against the maximum water loading conditions specified and capable of
positively holding the gate in any position when the crank handle is released. The
approximate speed of lift shall be 0.05 m per minute with one man operating the crank
handle.
The operating gear shall be provided with a locking device and key to prevent unauthorised
operation. The operating gear shall consist of twin enclosed worm geared units coupled
together by a cross shaft and operated by a crank handle from one side as shown on the
Drawings. The operating gear shall be mounted on a steel supporting structure on town
steel pedestals fixed to a steel operating platform.
Each work geared unit shall be arranged to rotate a bronze operating nut engaging with a
stainless steel operating screw. The operating nut shall be carried between ball thrust
bearings above and below the nut. The lower end of each operating screw shall be attached
to lifting rods attached to the gate. The lifting rods shall be of stainless steel. The cross
shafting between the two worm geared units shall incorporate an adjustable coupling to
enable a fine adjustment between one gear unit and the other.
Tubular covers shall be provided over the extended operating screws when the gate is in its
raised position. One tubular cover shall be slotted and fitted with an indicator scale of
corrosion resisting material graduated in 0.01 m intervals and with engraved numerals at 5
cm intervals working in conjunction with a pointer attached to the top of the operating
screw and showing the position of the bottom of the gate relative to the sill. The slot in the
tubular indicator cover shall be fitted with a transparent screen of perspex, or similar, to
prevent the ingress of water and wind blown dust. The indicator scale shall be positioned
so that it is clearly visible from the operating position.
The operating gear shall be provided with all necessary supporting steelwork and an
operating platform covered with steel 'Durbar' patterned floor plates. The platform shall be
fitted with a hinged cover giving access to a vertical ladder extending from the platform
down to the lintel immediately above the gate opening shall be complete with bearing plates
fixing bolts and handrailing as shown on the Drawings.
An intermediate platform complete with handrailing and fixing similar in construction to
the operating platform shall be provided as shown on the Drawings. The intermediate
platform shall be arranged to support steady bearings for the lifting rods.
8-9

The Durbar patterned floor plates shall be of galvanised mild steel having a minimum
thickness of 8 mm excluding the pattern, which shall be a raised self-draining non-slip
pattern. The floor plates shall be designed to carry a loading of 3.0 kN/m2 with the
deflection limited to 1/600 of the clear span between supports. The use of plate stiffeners
may be considered. The floor plates shall not be painted and shall be provided with
counersunk gun-metal or other corrosion resistant pins or set screws for securing to the
supporting steelwork, to give a flush upper surface to the flooring.
(ii)
Head Regulator Gates
The operating gear and platforms to be supplied for the intake gates shall be similar to that
specified for the settling basin flushing services with the exception that the gear shall be
electrically operated and fitted with emergency hand operated gear and shall be provided
with two intermediate platforms as shown in the Drawings.
The operating gear shall be provided with an electric motor, control push buttons marked
'Raise', 'Stop' and 'Lower' and limit twitches, adjustable in position and designed to stop the
gate motor when the gate has approached the limit of its travel in either direction. The
approximate speed of lift by electric power shall be 0.15 m per minute and approximately
0.05 m per minute with one man operating the crank handle.
The operating gear shall be provided with an interlocking device to prevent the electric
motor from being started when the crank handle is in position on its shaft and also a
slipping device to prevent the gearing from being overloaded in event of a gate becoming
jammed on lifting or otherwise prevented from moving.
The control gear for the gates shall be arranged so that operation of the 'Raise' or 'Lower'
push buttons will cause the gate to travel 10 cm and then stop. If further movement of the
gate is required the push buttons must be pressed again. The 'Stop' push button shall arrest
the gate movement over the whole range of gate travel in either direction.
Th trol unit for the operating gear for each gate shall be enclosed in a lockable
weatherproof cast metal enclosure mounted on the gear supporting structure close to the
electric motor. The control equipment enclosure shall contain the following:
Mains isolator
Push button controls for open, stop and close.
Mains-on lamp
8-10
CHAPTER 9
MISCELLANEOUS WORKS

CHAPTER
9.1
MISCELLANEOUS WORKS
MISCELLANEOUS WORKS
uPVC Pipe
Ultra Polyvinyl Chloride (uPVC) pipes of 110 mm outer diameter shall be provided as
pressure relief pipes in down stream floor and piers in under sluice and barrage main bays
portion. The uPVC pipes shall be manufactured as per NS 206/046 or relevant IS
Standard. The pipes should withstand a pressure of 4 kg/cm2. The vertical and horizontal
perforated uPVC pipes shall be laid as shown on the Drawings, or as directed by the
Engineer. The horizontal pipes shall be perforated uPVC pipes and the perforation area
shall be as specified in the Drawings, or as directed by the Engineer. The horizontal uPVC
pipe connecting to the vertical uPVC pipes shall be of 140 mm outer dia or as specified in
the Drawing.
The horizontal uPVc pipes shall be laid on gravel filter as shown in the Drawings. The
specification of the gravel filter shall be as specified in the Clause 6.5. Measurement for
payment of gravel filter shall be made at the unit rate per cubic metre for Item No. B-2 of
The horizontal and vertical uPVC pipes shall be connected by the uPVC T junction and
uPVC pipe 900 bends, of 110 mm outer dia as specified in the Drawings, or as directed by
the Engineer. Joints shall be made in such a way that they do not permit entry of soil into
the pipe.
Measurement for payment of uPVC pipe for pressure relief shall be made in place to the
length of uPVC pipe installed as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
Payment for vertical, horizontal and connecting uPVC pipes for pressure relief shall be
made at the unit rate per linear metre for Item No. F-1, F-2 and F-3 of the Bill of
Quantities. The unit rate shall include all costs of furnishing, transporting, cutting
perforations and placing of uPVC pipes, including cost of all labour, materials and
equipment. Payment for uPVC T junction and uPVC pipe 90 0 bends for pressure relief
arrangement shall be made at the unit rate per number for Item No. F-4 and F-5 of the Bill
of Quantities. The unit rate shall include all costs of furnishing, transporting, joining and
placing, including cost of all labour, materials and equipment.
9.2
PVC Pipe for Weep Holes

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes of 50 mm diameter shall be provided as weep holes for
vertical or sloped wall of structures constructed below the original ground surface as
shown on the Drawings, or as directed by the Engineer.
The PVC pipe shall have an un-perforated portion and a perforated portion. The unperforated portion shall be embedded in the wall. The open end of the perforated portion
shall be closed by a wooden plug. The perforated portion shall be wrapped by first a gravel
filter and then a sand filter, as shown on the Drawings. The perforations shall be fine
enough to prevent soil from being eroded out and rough and dense enough to allow draining
water to flow, to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Joints shall be made in such a way that
they do not permit entry of soil into the pipe.
Measurement for payment of PVC pipe for weep holes shall be made in place to the length
of PVC pipe installed as shown on the Drawings or directed by the Engineer. Payment for
PVC pipes for weep holes shall be made at the unit rate per linear metre for Item No. F-6
of the Bill of Quantities. The unit rate shall include all costs of furnishing, transporting,
cutting perforations and placing of PVC pipes, including cost of all labour, materials and
equipment.
9-2

MISCELLANEOUS WORKS
Payment for gravel filter shall be made separately at the respective rate for Item No. B-2 of
9.3
PVC Pipe for Drains

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes shall be provided in the slab of bridges and other places, as
shown on the Drawings, or as directed by the Engineer.
PVC pipes for drains shall have a diameter of 100 mm. PVC pipes for drains shall be
installed in the correct positions of structures, bridges or other places, as shown on the
Drawings.
Measurement for payment of PVC pipes for drains shall be made in place, to the length of
PVC pipe installed, as shown on the Drawings, or directed by the Engineer. Payment for
PVC pipes for drains shall be made at the unit rate per linear metre for Item No. F-7 of the
Bill of Quantities. The unit rate shall include all costs of furnishing, transporting, cutting
and placing of PVC pipes including costs of all labour, materials and equipment.
9.4
Bearing Plate for Slab Bridge

Materials for bearing plate for T-beam bridge shall be rolled steel conforming to
appropriate standards provided for in Clause 1.4 of the General Requirements. Bearing
plate shall be accurately set in the specified position of the top of abutment before
constructing superstructure as shown in Drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
Setting work of bearing plate shall be carefully done with bolts and nuts so that the under
plate will be rigidly fixed to the top of abutment. Pins of moveable end and fixed end shall
be installed exactly as shown in the Drawings or directed by the Engineer.
Measurement or payment of bearing plates shall be made for the weight of bearing plates
installed at T-beam bridge in accordance with the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
Payment for furnishing and installing bearing plates will be made at the unit rate per
kilogram of bearing plates actually set out in T-beam bridge of Item No. D-8 in the Bill of
Quantities. The unit rate shall include the costs of labour, materials and equipment,
including furnishing, transporting and installing the bearing plates, and of nuts, bolts,
anchor bolts and others necessary for installation of the bearing plates.
9.5
Automatic mechanical water level recorders including lockable, waterproof cabinets

and all fittings
The whole set of instrument shall be manufactured by a standard ISO company.

The size and accuracy shall be as directed by the Engineer.
9.6
Water Level Device on bridge abutment
The device shall be manufactured by a standard ISO company. The size and
accuracy shall be as directed by the Engineer.
9-3

ENGINEERS' REQUIREMENTS
CHAPTER 10 ENGINEERS REQUIREMENTS
10-1

CHAPTER 10
ENGINEERS REQUIREMENTS
10.1 Operation and Maintenance Complex

The Contractor shall construct two Operation and Maintenance Complexes on two
locations designated by the Engineer, as shown on the Drawings. Each complex shall be
constructed within an area of approximately 0.52 ha. The complex shall be provided with
boundary walls. The walls shall be of brick masonry in 1:4 cement sand mortar and shall
be 1.8 m high from the ground level.
Altogether three buildings shall be constructed within the complex as follows:
Type A: 9.3 m x 11.4 m
Type B: 7.5 m x 8.1 m
Type C: 7.5 m x 15.95 m
The layout and sizes of each room shall be as shown on the Drawings or as instructed by
the Engineer. The buildings shall consist of brick walls and a concrete roof, and have solid
doors fitted with suitable locks, fly-mesh doors and windows covered with fly-mesh and
fitted with hinged shutters lockable from the inside.
The brickwork in the sub-structure (below plinth) shall be in 1: 6 (1 part cement with
6 parts of sand) cement sand ratio, whereas the superstructure (above the plinth level) shall
be 1:4 cement sand ratio. The reinforced concrete roof shall be M200 grade.
Each building shall have a minimum ceiling height of 2.75 m. The floors shall not be less
than 1 m above ground level.
All walls shall be plastered and painted with 2 coats of paint, whereas all timberworks shall
be painted with 2 coats of enamel paint over 1 coat of primer. Timberwork such as doors
and windows shall be made from Sal wood. Windows shall have a 3 mm thick grill for
protection.
Each building shall be watertight and shall be provided with flushing type toilets, sinks,
running water supply system, plumbing, sewage disposal, electrical wiring, electrical
fixtures and outlets. Ceiling fans shall be installed in all rooms of the building.
The Contractor shall provide, at his own cost, a parking area with compacted gravel
surface. The parking area shall accommodate two vehicles.
10.2 Gate keeper houses
The Contractor shall construct two gate keeper houses on a location designated by the
Engineer, as shown on the Drawings. The layout and dimensions of the houses shall be as
shown on the Drawings, or as instructed by the Engineer. The gate keeper houses shall be
provided with boundary walls which covers an area of about 2400 square meters. The
walls shall be of brick masonry in 1:6 cement sand mortar and shall be 1.8 m high from the
ground level.
Each house shall consists of brick walls and concrete roof, and have a an area of
approximately 28.6 square meters( 4.2 m * 6.8 m ), with solid doors fitted with suitable
locks, fly-mesh doors and windows covered with fly-mesh and fitted with hinged shutters
lockable from the inside.
The layout and sizes of each room shall be as shown on the Drawings or as instructed by
the Engineer. The buildings shall consist of brick walls and a concrete roof, and have solid
doors fitted with suitable locks, fly-mesh doors and windows covered with fly-mesh and
fitted with hinged shutters lockable from the inside.
10-2

The brickwork in the sub-structure (below plinth) shall be in 1: 6 (1 part cement with
6 parts of sand) cement sand ratio, whereas the superstructure (above the plinth level) shall
be 1:4 cement sand ratio. The reinforced concrete roof shall be M200 grade.
Each building shall have a minimum ceiling height of 2.75 m. The floors shall not be less
than 1 m above ground level.
All walls shall be plastered and painted with 2 coats of paint, whereas all timberworks shall
be painted with 2 coats of enamel paint over 1 coat of primer. Timberwork such as doors
and windows shall be made from Sal wood. Windows shall have a 3 mm thick grill for
protection.
Each building shall be watertight and shall be provided with flushing type toilets, sinks,
running water supply system, plumbing, sewage disposal, electrical wiring, electrical
fixtures and outlets. Ceiling fans shall be installed in all rooms of the building.
10.3 Survey Equipment for the Engineer
The Contractor shall supply and maintain survey equipment, as detailed below, for the sole
use of the Engineer and provide replacements in the event of any of it being withdrawn for
service or repair. Such equipment shall become the property of the Employer and shall be
handed over to the Employer on completion of the Contract.
The survey equipment to be supplied shall be as follows:
(a) 1 nos. of Theodolites, Sokkia DT 600 or similar approved, complete with tripod,
carrying case and all accessories, Digital.
(b) 4 nos. of Automatic Levels, Sokkia C 320 or similar approved, complete with tripod,
carrying case and all accessories.
(c) 10 nos. of Aluminium Levelling Staff, length 5 m long when extended.
(d) 10 nos. of Levelling Plates.
(e) 4 nos. of Steel Tape of 50 m length and 100 m length each.
(f) 8 nos. of Fibreglass Tape of 50 m length.
(g) 10 nos. of Ranging Rods of 3 m length.
(h) 10 nos. of Ranging Rod Stands.
(i) 1 no. of Sokkia Total Station, Set 500 with Data Logger (16 MB memory) or similar
approved, complete with carrying case, tripod, triple prism with stand, charger and
extra battery.
(j) Consumable items such as pegs, paints, strings, nails, survey umbrella, etc. required
for survey works.
10.4 Supply of transport for the Engineer and the Employer
The Contractor shall provide at all times, for the sole use of the Engineer and his staff and
the staff of the Employer, approved motor vehicles for official duties around and in
connection with the Contract. The vehicle provided shall be new and shall be maintained at
all times in good running order. Should any vehicle at any time become, in the opinion of
the Engineer, unserviceable the Contractor shall replace it without delay.
10-3

The Contractor shall provide efficient drivers together with all necessary fuel, oil, etc., and
shall bear all expenses in connection with running, maintenance, upkeep, licensing and
insurance. On completion of the Contract the vehicles shall be handed over to the
Contractor.
The Contractor shall be obliged to have ready access to spare parts appropriate to the
number, type and duty of the vehicles used. If, in the opinion of the Engineer, the
Contractor should default in this respect and so deprive the Engineer of the use of
vehicle(s) made unserviceable by normal use in the conditions and demands of the Site, the
Contractor shall provide, at his own expense, suitable alternative transport to the approval
of the Engineer.
If the Contractor fails to provide this service, then the Engineer shall be entitled to obtain
similar transport from another source and deduct the cost thereof from the moneys
otherwise certifiable as due to the Contractor.
The type of motor vehicles to be provided shall be as listed below:
Motor Vehicles to be provided
(a) Land Cruiser (5 doors) long wheel base station wagon, 4 WD (Diesel Engine, 4
Cylinder, Piston Displacement 2982 cc) or similar approved 2 Nos;
(b) Short wheel base station wagon (3 doors) hard top-2 Nos;
(c) Double Cabin pick-up (4 WD) (diesel engine, 4 Cylinder, Piston Displacement 2446
cc) or similar approved-3 Nos;
(d) Motor cycles(4 Stroke Engine, 125 CC)-7 Nos
Insurance for the vehicles shall be comprehensive and include:
(a) Cover for the Engineer and the Employer and their staff driving the vehicles
(b) Usage on the business of the Engineer and the Employer and their staff and for social
domestic and pleasure purposes; and
(e) Liability to third parties (including passengers whether the Engineer, the Employer,
(f) their staff or others) for an unlimited indemnity in respect of death or personal injury
and for the maximum indemnity reasonably obtainable in respect of loss, destruction or
damage to property.
10.5 Supply and instalment of movable telephone system

The contractor shall, if ordered by the Engineer, supply, install, service and insure, until the
Defects Liability period of one base unit and four hand sets with accessories. The system
shall meet the following requirements:
S.No
1
2
Specifications
Communication range
- Open air
- Downtown
Transmitter
Base unit
Handset (Movable Unit)
not less than 50 km

not less than 20 km
not less than 50 km

not less than 20 km
10-4

3
4
5
6
7
-TX frequency
-Output power
Receiver
-RX frequency
Consumption current
- Stand-by
- Talk
Rechargeable battery
- Normal capacity
Power source
- Voltage
Accessories
250 ~ 260 MHz

more than 12 W
370 ~ 390 MHz

more than 3.5 W
370 ~ 390 MHz
250 ~260 MHz
less than 140 mA

less than 3000 mA
less than 70 mA
less than 1200 mA
more than 800 m A/h
AC 100 ~ 260 V
50/60 Hz
out door cable
outdoor antenna in
complete set, and all
accessories
DC 7V ~ 14 V
2 battery packs and 1 spare
pack
1 rubber antenna
1 telescopic antenna
1 battery charger(AC 100~200 V)
1 leather case
The contractor shall pay all charges for the supply, installation and connection of the
movable telecommunications system of Nepal Telecommunication Corporation. The
Contractor shall service and insure the complete installation.
10.6
Procurement of Project facilities
The Contractor shall supply following sets of machines/equipments as per Item No L-1, L-2, and
L-3 of Bill of Quantities after prior consent of the Engineer.
- Computer and accessories
- 4 sets
- Photocopier
- 2 sets
- Fax machines
- 1 set
10.7 Measurement and Payment
(a) None of the Engineers Requirements itemised in Bill of Quantities Item Nos. K-11, K12, K-13 K-14, K-15, L-1, L-2 and L-3 of the Bill of Quantities shall be provided by
the Contractor until expressly ordered by the Engineer in writing.
(b) Within fourteen (14) days after the order by the Engineer, the Contractor shall provide
a manufacturers pamphlet with its specifications for the Engineers approval. Upon
the Engineers approval, in writing, all dispatches for import of goods shall be made
only after obtaining the necessary import license from HMG/N.
(c) The Engineers Requirements, as specified in Clauses 10.1 to 10.5 hereof shall be
measured solely in terms of the items set out in Item Nos. K-11, K-12, K-13 K-14, K15, L-1, L-2 and L-3 of the Bill of Quantities.
No separate measurement shall be made for any other building or installation work including, inter
alia, insurance, sewerage and septic tanks, surface water drainage, water supply and power
systems.
10-5
SECTION IX: BILL OF QUANTITIES
BILL OF QUANTITIES
SECTION IX: BILL OF QUANTITIES

Page
A. Preamble
IX-3
B. Dayworks Schedule
IX-5
C. Bills
IX-7
IX-6
BILL OF QUANTITIES
A. Preamble
1.
The Bill of Quantities shall be read in conjunction with the Instructions to Bidders,
General and Special Conditions of Contract, Technical Specification, and Drawings.
2.
The quantities given in the Bill of Quantities are estimated and provisional, and are
given to provide a common basis for bidding. The basis of payment will be the actual
quantities of work ordered and carried out, as measured by the Contractor and
verified by the Engineer and valued at the rates and prices bid in the priced Bill of
Quantities, where applicable, and otherwise at such rates and prices as the Engineer
may fix within the terms of the Contract.
3.
The rates and prices bid in the priced Bill of Quantities shall, except insofar as it is
otherwise provided under the Contract, include all Constructional Plant, labour,
supervision, materials, erection, maintenance, insurance, profit, taxes, and duties,
together with all general risks, liabilities, and obligations set out or implied in the
Contract.
4.
A rate or price shall be entered against each item in the priced Bill of Quantities,
whether quantities are stated or not.
5.
The whole cost of complying with the provisions of the Contract shall be included in
the Items provided in the priced Bill of Quantities.
6.
General directions and descriptions of work and materials are not necessarily repeated
nor summarized in the Bill of Quantities. References to the relevant sections of the
contract documentation shall be made before entering prices against each item in the
priced Bill of Quantities.
7.
Provisional Sums included and so designated in the Bill of Quantities shall be

expended in whole or in part at the direction and discretion of the Engineer in
accordance with Sub-Clause 52.4 and Clause 58 of Part I of the Conditions of
Contract.
8.
The method of measurement of completed work for payment shall be in accordance

with the Standard Method of Measurement and in accordance with the Technical
Specifications.
All units of measurement shall follow the rules of the International System of Units.
Different items of work shall be measured in accordance with the procedures set forth
in the relevant sections of the Technical Specifications and shall be read in
conjunction with the Conditions of Contract.
The quantities shall be computed net from the Drawings and no allowance shall be
made for bulking, shrinkage, or waste. The works executed shall be measured
notwithstanding any custom to the contrary. The net measurement or weight of the
finished work in place shall always be taken except otherwise specified.
9.
Errors will be corrected by the Employer for any arithmetic errors in computation or
summation as follows:
IX-6
BILL OF QUANTITIES
(a) where there is a discrepancy between amounts in figures and in words, the amount in
words will govern; and
(b) where there is a discrepancy between the unit rate and the total amount derived from
the multiplication of the unit price and the quantity, the unit rate as quoted will
govern, unless in the opinion of the Employer, there is an obviously gross
misplacement of the decimal point in the unit price, in which event the total amount as
quoted will govern and the unit rate will be corrected.
10. Rock is defined as all materials which, in the opinion of the Engineer, require blasting,
or the use of metal wedges and sledgehammers, or the use of compressed air drilling
for their removal, and which cannot be extracted by ripping with a tractor of at least
150 brake hp with a single, rear-mounted, heavy-duty ripper.
The abbreviations and symbols used in the Bill of Quantities are
Unit
cubic metre
day
hectare
hour
kilogram
kilometre
linear metre
lump sum
metre
metric ton (1000 kg)
millimetre
month
number
provisional sum
square metre
week
vehicle month
Abbreviation
cu.m or m3
day
ha
hr
kg
km
lin.m.
L.S.
m
t
mm
mth
no.
P.S.
sq.m. or m2
wk
VM
IX-6
BILL OF QUANTITIES
B. Daywork Schedule
General
1.
Reference should be made to Sub-Clause 52.4 of Part I of the Conditions of Contract.

Work shall not be executed on a Daywork basis except by written order of the
Engineer. Bidders shall enter basic rates for Daywork items in the Schedules, which
rates shall apply to any quantity of Daywork ordered by the Engineer. Nominal
quantities have been indicated against each item of Daywork, and the extended total
for Daywork shall be carried forward as a Provisional Sum to the Summary Total Bid
Amount. Unless otherwise adjusted, payments for Daywork shall be subject to price
adjustment in accordance with the provisions in the Conditions of Contract.
Daywork Labour
2.
In calculating payments due to the Contractor for the execution of dayworks, the
hours for labour will be reckoned from the time of arrival of the labour at the job site
to execute the particular item of Daywork to the time of return to the original place of
departure, but excluding meal breaks and rest periods. Only the time of classes of
labour directly doing work ordered by the Engineer and for which they are competent
to perform will be measured. The time of gangers (charge hands) actually doing work
with the gangs will also be measured but not the time of foremen or other supervisory
personnel.
3.
The contractor shall be entitled to payment in respect of the total time that labour is
employed on Daywork, calculated at the basic rates entered by him in the Schedule of
Daywork Rates: 1. Labour, together with an additional percentage payment on basic
rates representing the Contractors profit, overheads, etc., as described below:
(a) The basic rates for labour shall cover all direct costs to the Contractor, including (but
not limited to) the amount of wages paid to such labour, transportation time, overtime,
subsistence allowances, and any sums paid to or on behalf of such labour for social
benefits in accordance with the law of Nepal. The basic rates will be payable in local
currency only.
(b) The additional percentage payment to be quoted by the Bidder and applied to costs
incurred under (a) above shall be deemed to cover the Contractors profit, overheads,
superintendence, liabilities, and insurances and allowances to labour, timekeeping,
and clerical and office work, the use of consumable stores, water, lighting, and power;
the use and repair of stagings, scaffolding, workshops, and stores, portable power
tools, manual plant, and tools; supervision by the Contractors staff, foremen, and
other supervisory personnel; and charges incidental to the foregoing. Payments under
this item shall be made in the following currency proportions:
(i) foreign:
percent (to be stated by Bidder).
(ii) local: ___ percent (to be stated by Bidder).
Daywork Materials
4.
The contractor shall be entitled to payment in respect of materials used for daywork
(except for materials for which the cost is included in the percentage addition to
labour costs as detailed heretofore), at the basic rates entered by him in the Schedule
IX-6
BILL OF QUANTITIES
of Daywork Rates: 2. Materials, together with an additional percentage payment on

the basic rates to cover overhead charges and profit, as follows:
(a) the basic rates for materials shall be calculated on the basis of the invoiced price,
freight, insurance, handling expenses, damage, losses, etc., and shall provide for
delivery to store for stockpiling at the Site. The basic rates shall be stated in local
currency, but payment will be made in the currency or currencies expended upon
presentation of supporting documentation.
(b) the additional percentage payment shall be quoted by the Bidder and applied to the
equivalent local currency payments made under (a) above. Payments under this item
will be made in the following currency proportions:
(i) foreign:
percent (to be stated by the Bidder);
(ii) local:
percent (to be stated by the Bidder);
(c) the cost of hauling materials for use on work ordered to be carried out as daywork
from the store or stockpile on the Site to the place where it is to be used will be paid
in accordance with the terms for Labour and Construction in this schedule.
Daywork Construction Equipment
The Contractor shall be entitled to payments in respect of Construction Equipment
already on Site and employed on Daywork at basic rental rates entered by him in the
Schedule of Daywork Rates: 3. Constructional Equipment. Said rates shall be deemed
to include due and complete allowance for depreciation, interest, indemnity, and all
overhead, profit, and administrative costs related to the use of such equipment. The
cost of drivers, operators, and assistants will be paid for separately as described under
the section on Daywork Labour.
In calculating the payment due to the Contractor for Constructional Equipment
employed on Daywork, only the actual number of working hours will be eligible for
payment, except that where applicable and agreed with the Engineer, the travelling
time from the part of the Site where the Constructional Equipment was located when
ordered by the Engineer to be employed on Daywork and the time for return journey
thereto shall be included for payment.
The basic rental rates for Constructional Equipment employed on Daywork shall be
stated in local currency, but payments to the Contractor will be made in currency
proportions, as follows:
foreign:_______percent (to be stated by Bidder).
local:_________percent (to be stated by bidder).
IX-6
BILL OF QUANTITIES
D. Sample Form for Unit Rate Analysis1

Item No:
Name of Work:
Unit Rate in NRs:
Description
Unit
Quantity
Rate per Unit

(NRs)
Amount (NRs)
A. Labour
Skilled
Unskilled
Others
B. Equipment
1.
2.
3. etc
C. Material
1.
2.
3. etc.
D. Others
Sub Total of A, B, C and D
Contractors Overhead and Profit
The Bidder shall fill up this form and submit along with the Bid for each of the Items of Bill of
Quantities except for Provisional Sum Items. The unit rate as shown in the form shall include all costs
including contractors margin, overhead, taxes etc in complying with the requirements of the Clauses/
Sub-Clauses of the corresponding Items and other relevant Items of the Technical Specifications to cover
the scope of the contract works.
IX-6

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His Majesty's Government of Nepal

Ministry of Water Resources

SIKTA IRRIGATION PROJECT

Invitation for Bids

Invitation for Bids

Bill of Quantities and Form for Rate

SECTION VIII: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS...................................................1-1

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

1.31.3 Temporary Diversion Works........................................................................................1-21

CHAPTER 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND REMOVAL OF EXISTING

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

CHAPTER 4 GRAVEL METALLING WORKS...............................................4-1

CHAPTER 5 CONCRETE WORKS...............................................................5-1

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

CHAPTER 6 PROTECTION WORKS............................................................6-1

CHAPTER 7 METAL WORKS........................................................................7-1

CHAPTER 8 WATER CONTROL EQUIPMENT............................................8-1

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

Materials, Stresses and Workmanship..........................................................................8-2

CHAPTER 9 MISCELLANEOUS WORKS

CHAPTER 10 ENGINEERS REQUIREMENTS

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COMPLEX..................................................................10-2

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

SAMPLE FORM FOR UNIT RATE ANALYSIS.................IX-19

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.02 Brief Description of the Works

A reinforced concrete structure for the construction of 317 m long diversion

1.03 Ambient Conditions

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

American Association of State Highway and Transportation

American Concrete Institute, P.O. Box 4754 Redford Station,

American Institute of Steel Construction, 101 Park Avenue, New

American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St,

American Welding Society, Inc. 2501 N.W. 7th St., Miami, FL

American Water Works Association, 6666 West Quincy Avenue,

British Standards Institution

Deutsche Industrie Norm

International Organisation for Standardisation

Steel Structures Painting Council,

U.S. Fed. Spec.

United States Federal Specifications

United States Bureau of Reclamation

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

1.21 Reports, Meetings and Data of the Works

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

Sikta Irrigation Headworks Project

Disposal and Care of Ground/Surface Water, Dewatering Foundations and