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Republic Boliavarian of Venezuela

University National Experimental Simon Rodriguez


Nucleus Maturn

WORKSHOP
THE OBESITY, OVERWEIGHT AND DIABETES

Teacher: Yangelis Lopez

Student:

Section: H

Yaritza Parra

Environment: 7

C.I. 17.243.910
November 2015

THE OBESITY.
It is an affection in which a high amount of the corporal fat increases the
probability of suffering problems of health. It is a chronic problem of long duration,
Also it is considered one of the gravest problems to which confront the societies of
the world. It treats of a disease chronic and multifactorial that given its incidence
and impact, it is considered a global epidemic by the World Health Organization
(who). This disease can attack anyone, adults and children, men or women.
Influenced by social, physiological, metabolic, molecular and genetic elements.
There are different types of obesity which are classified according to the
criterion of the distribution of the morphological fat:
Obesity high: It is characterized by an excess of secretion of cortisol of the
adrenal glands, product of one on feeding or also by genetic causes. The fat
concentrates specially on the face, neck, thorax and back.
The abdominal obesity: It concentrates the fat between the inferior part of the
thorax and the top of the inferior members. Therefore, the waist is the only
measurement that it increases. It is attributed to a disorder in the secretion of
insulin in the pancreas.
Obesity low: This is more frequent in the women; it is due to that the cortisone
and insulin contribute to the manufacture of fats, and the oestrogens and
progesterone (feminine hormones) favour us to the combustion of these.
THE OVERWEIGHT.
Is denominated overweight to excessive weight. This may be the extra weight
that a person has, taking into account the values that are considered normal or

acceptable. The overweight is an increase of the weight of the body by on the


value indicated like healthy of agreement to the height. In general, overweight is
associated with a high level of fat, although it can also occur by accumulating
liquids or by an excessive development of the muscles or of the bones.
It is important to highlight that the obesity means having an excess of fat in the
body. Whereas overweight, to have one more weight of the normal thing. The
weight can be a result of the muscular mass, the bones, the fat and / or the water
in the body. Both terms mean that the weight of a person is major of what is
considered to be healthy according to his stature.
In consequence, the overweight is tie to the corporal fat, that usually
denominates obesity, is generated from excessive greasy food ingestion. The
organism requires a certain amount of fat to operate, when that level is exceeded
and fat begins to build up in various regions of the body, the person suffers
overweight and undergoes diverse types of health upheavals.
CAUSES.
At present, the obesity and overweight is considered as a serious problem that
affects millions of people in the world, and that has generally increased since some
years ago by the increase of poor eating habits and lack of physical activity. The
causes have been of the all comprised, exist a lot of factors causative of this grave
illness, ones that seem to be very simple and others quite complicated. Some of
these are:
In adults it is marriage; most of the newlyweds are fattened, sometimes up to
10 kilos in the first year; that occurs by changes in lifestyle.

In the men, a very frequent reason of increase of weight is the high alcoholic
beverages consumption, and in the women, the exaggerated increase of
weight during the pregnancies (more than 16 kilos for pregnancy).
Children and adolescents increase weight also; therein the causes are the
sedentarism for long hours watching TV or in front of the computer and the
ease of purchasing junk food or food with a high concentration of calories.
The street food, high sugar consumption, the abandonment of the consumption
of fruits and vegetables and lack of good nutrition guidelines are other major
causes of weight gain. Due to its high content of calories, they can cause
weight gain if you swallow them frequently. The oversized portions can
increase their chances of becoming obese.
There exist other causes of obesity or excess weight as the stress and the
tensions that sometimes are calmed by meal.
At present the high cost of the food on the market, they bear to a slightly
healthy diet.
Occasionally, there are medical complaints and medicines that they can make
increase of weight.
Other factors triggers that contribute are the hormonal disorders, or
endocrines, nervous disorders, metabolic problems, anxiety, between others.
CONSEQUENCES.

Considering that obesity and overweight are a chronic illness treatable, which
occurs when there is an excess of fat in the body. Apart from the problem that in
itself represents, the experts warn that its most negative effects take place
because acts like an agent who exaggerate and aggravate in the short term and of
very evident from serious pathologies like:
Cardiovascular problems (hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, varicose veins,
cellulite, stretch marks, among others).
Arthrosis: our skeleton suffers much more wears away by the extra weight.
Difficulty respiratory and fatigue.
More prone to cncer
Low self-esteem and its effects on the nervous system (alterations of sleep,
anxiety, depression, among other).
Which means health risk, which affects people of all ages and sexes, obesity
and overweight is more frequent in one than in others. Female obesity it is more
common than in men. In general, decreases life expectancy. The obese ones,
precisely, for the complications that the obesity causes, live fewer years. To
determine if a person is obese or if overweight, the parameter of measurement
more used is the "index of corporal mass" (IMC = weight in kilograms divided by
the square of the height in meters).
PREVENTION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
Avoid the consumption of fast food, refreshments, fryings and tidbits.
To prefer the ingestion of vegetables, fruits, integral cereal and white meat,
before food with many calories.

Increase the corporal mobility in general, example: walk, run, go up stairs,


between others. The regular practice of physical exercise is essential, because
in addition to help maintain a proper weight, strengthens the circulatory
system, reduces anxiety, regulates blood pressure, decreases the levels of
sugar and cholesterol in blood, and reduces the risk of infarction.
Go to a specialist to determine the specific cause of the problem. Once you
have determined the treatment will help in great measure to regulate the
weight. Experts advise to perform a dietary pattern close to the Mediterranean
diet, that is to say, low in fat and rich in fruits and vegetables. In regards to
sport, consistency is key. The recommendation is to practice it regularly at least
three times a week for 45 minutes. The intensity should be tailored to the
needs and the physical state of the person.
DIABETES.
It is a chronic condition that is triggered when the body loses its ability to
produce enough insulin or use it effectively. To better understand the concept of
diabetes, I will explain what are glucose and insulin:
Glucose: It is a sugar form that constitutes the main energy source for the human
body and that is obtained through foods. When they arrive at the alimentary canal,
the foods basically contain fat, carbohydrates and protein; these carbohydrates are
those that give rise to the glucose.
Insulin: It is a hormone produced in the pancreas that enables the glucose from
food passes to the body's cells, that is to say, its main function is the maintenance
of suitable values of glucose in the blood, where it turns into energy to work the
muscles and tissues. Like result, a person with diabetes does not absorb the
glucose

appropriately, so

that this one

stays

circulating

in

the

blood

(hyperglycemia) and damaging the tissues in the course of time. This one spoiled
cause potentially lethal complications for the health.
However, insulin is to be effective they must be met two conditions:
1. The pancreas to produce insulin in sufficient quantity.
2. That the cells are able to detect insulin and respond to allowing its action.
CAUSES.
The moment of appearance of the disease, as well as the causes and
symptoms that present the patients, depend on the type of diabetes:
Diabetes type 1: It is caused by an auto-immune reaction, in which the system of
defenses of the organism attacks the producing cells of insulin of the pancreas. As
turned out, the organism stops producing the insulin that he needs. The persons
with this type of diabetes need insulin injections every day in order to control its
glucose levels in blood. Without insulin, a person with diabetes guy 1 will die.
Symptoms:
Many desire to drink water and dry mouth
Frequent micturition.
Extreme weariness / absence of energy.
Constant appetite.
Sudden loss of weight.
Slowness in the wounds healing.
Infections appellants.
Blurry vision.
Diabetes type 2:

Obesity
Bad feeding
Lacking in physical activity
Advanced age.
-precedents family with diabetes.
Ethnic origin
Inadequate nutrition during the pregnancy, which affects the child in
development.
In contrast to people with type 1 diabetes, most of whom have type 2 diabetes
not usually need daily doses of insulin to survive. However, to control the condition
could prescribe insulin combined with an oral medication, a healthy diet and
increased physical activity.
Diabetes Mellitus Gestational (DMG): It is said that a woman has diabetes
mellitus gestational, when you are diagnosed with diabetes for the first time during
pregnancy. It is often presented in an advanced stage and arises because the body
cannot produce or use enough insulin needed for pregnancy. Since gestational
diabetes usually develops at an advanced stage of the gestation of the baby.
The diabetes gestational of the mother is usually disappearing after the birth.
However, women who have had gestational diabetes are at a higher risk of
developing type 2 diabetes with the passage of time. Babies are also at a greater
risk of obesity and of developing type 2 in the adult age.
CONSEQUENCES GENERAL.
If the insulin production is insufficient as if a resistance to its action exists, the
glucose is accumulated in the blood, damages the blood vessels progressively

(arteries and veins) and accelerates the arteriosclerosis process increasing the
risk of suffering a cardiovascular disease: angina acute, infarct of myocardium.
The diabetes can damage different organs:

The

eyes,

with

progressive

decrease of vision that can end in blindness; The kidneys, with increasing loss
of the renal function that can end in dialysis; The peripheral nervous system
with alteration of the sensitivities of the lower limbs, which is a serious risk of
ulcers and amputations; to the autonomic nervous system with digestive
disorders, urinary tract and of the sexual sphere (impotence), And the arteries
of the lower extremities with risk of amputation.
TREATMENT OF DIABETES.
Reduce or eliminate animal fats: butter, cream, bacon, among others. It is
preferable to replace them with fish consumption.
Avoid heavy meals and quick absorption sugars that sharply raise blood
glucose levels.
When the eating and exercise isn't enough to control diabetes, used different
drugs that help the pancreas to produce more insulin.
In the case of type 1 diabetes, treatment is always the administration of insulin
of by life.
In diabetes type 2, in general, you can begin a program of diet and cardiohealthy exercise. If this is not enough, it is possible that your doctor
recommends to take antidiabetic oral. When drugs are not enough, it will be
necessary to add insulin.

The insulin is the mainstay of treatment of type 1 diabetes, but also part of the
treatment of type 2 diabetes. Insulin should be administered by subcutaneous
injection. There are different types of insulin that mainly differ in the time it
takes to do effect and its duration (ultra fast, quick, intermediate and slow).
Considering that it is now live to eat and not eat to live. Both such as obesity and
overweight, has become a problem that each day seems to be getting worse and
very little we do to decrease it, because it is directly linked to consequences of
serious diseases such as is the diabetes.

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