Esophagus adalah penghubung antara faring dan abdomen.

Esophagus memiliki panjang 18-25

cm dari spincter atas sampai spincter bawah esophagus. Panjang esophagus berhubungan dengan
tinggi manusia dimana lebih panjang pada pria daripada wanita.

Esofagus adalah tabung muscular yang vertical yang memanjang dari hypopharynx menuju
abdomen dengan panjang 23-25 cm pada dewasa. Esophagus berawal dari btas bawah
krikoid..
Esophagus berawal pada garis tengah namun kemudian melengkung sedikit ke kiri. Kemudian
akan kembali ke garis tengah pada mediastinum dan akan kembali melengkung ke kiri ketika
menuju hiatus esophagus pada diagfragma.
The esophagus is a vertical muscular tube that
extends from the hypopharynx to the stomach,
measuring 23 to 25 cm in length in the adult. Beginning
at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage, it
passes through the neck, superior mediastinum, and
posterior mediastinum anterior to the cervical and
thoracic vertebrae, terminating at the cardiac orifice
of the stomach.
The esophagus starts in the midline but then
curves slightly to the left. It returns to the midline in
the mediastinum and then deviates to the left as it
passes anteriorly into the esophageal hiatus of the
diaphragm. Importantly, the curvatures in the
anteroposterior plane follow the convexity of the
bodies of the thoracic vertebrae. The abdominal
portion of the esophagus, which is only 1.25 cm
long, is in the esophageal groove on the posterior
surface of the left lobe of the liver.
In the superior mediastinum, the esophagus is
posterior to the trachea and in contact with the
common carotid arteries. The recurrent laryngeal
nerves lie in the angle between the esophagus and
the trachea, and the thoracic duct lies on its left
side. Both lobes of the thyroid gland come in contact
with the esophagus. The esophagus passes posterior
and to the right of the aortic arch and then
proceeds along the right side of the descending
aorta until the inferior portion of the mediastinum
is reached, where it passes anterior and slightly to
the left of the aorta. Inferior to the arch of the
aorta, the left bronchus crosses and indents the
esophagus anteriorly. The thoracic duct is posterior

to the lower portion of the esophagus, and the azygos

vein is to the right side of the esophagus in the
thorax. The right vagus nerve descends posterior to
the esophagus, and the left vagus descends anterior
to the esophagus.
The esophagus is lined by nonkeratinizing
stratified squamous epithelium covering a thin lamina
propria. The muscularis mucosae are composed
of smooth muscle fibers arranged longitudinally,
becoming thicker in the lower third of the esophagus.
The submucosa consists primarily of thick collagenous
and coarse elastic fibers and contains
mucous glands and Meissners plexus.
The muscle of the esophagus is composed of
an inner circular layer, which is continuous with the
inferior constrictor of the pharynx, and an outer
longitudinal layer. The longitudinal fibers are
arranged proximally into fascicles, which attach to
the cricoid cartilage. Distally, the fascicles blend to
form a uniform layer surrounding the esophagus.
Auerbachs myenteric plexus lies between the two
muscle layers. The muscle is striated in the upper
third, mixed in the middle third, and nearly all
smooth in the lower third. The outer coat, or fibrosa,
consists of loose fibroelastic tissue rather than a
strong serosa like that found in the gastrointestinal
tract distal to the esophagus. The circular layer of
muscle is slightly thicker at the level of the cricoid
cartilage and blends with the cricopharyngeal muscle,
which is attached to the cricoid cartilage. This
upper esophageal sphincter is a high-pressure zone
in esophageal manometry and corresponds with the
cricopharyngeal muscle.59 The lower esophageal
sphincter is approximately 3 cm long and may
descend 1 to 3 cm with normal respiration. A single
distinct muscle responsible for the lower sphincter
action has not been identified.

Esophagus adalah tabung berongga yang memiliki panjang 25 cm yang memanjang darifaring
menuju ke abdomen. Esophagus terdiri atas 3 bagian yaitu cervical, trhoracic, dan abdominal
esophagus. Cervical esophagus terletak pada bagian kiri dari garis tengahdan berada pada
belakang dari laring dan trakea. Pangkal dari cervical esophagus disebut juga otot
cricopharyngeus atau upper esophageal spincter (UES). Batas atas thoracic esophagus melewati
bagian belakang dari carina dan bronkus utama kiri. Bagian terbawah esophagus berada pada
bagian belakang dari atrium kiri jantung. Bagian ini memasuki abdomen melalui hiatus
esophagus (celah pada diafragma). Abdominal esophagus memiliki panjang 2-4 cm. bagian ini
disebut juga dengan Lower esophageal spincter (LES).