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Support for file systems is highly varied among modern operating systems although there are
several common file systems which almost all operating systems include support and drivers for.
Operating systems vary on file system support and on the disk formats they may be installed on.

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Many GNU/Linux distributions support some or all of ext2, ext3, ext4, ReiserFS, Reiser4, JFS ,
XFS , GFS, GFS2, OCFS, OCFS2, and NILFS. The ext file systems, namely ext2, ext3 and ext4
are based on the original GNU/Linux file system. Others have been developed by companies to
meet their specific needs, hobbyists, or adapted from UNIX, Microsoft Windows, and other
operating systems. GNU/Linux has full support for XFS and JFS, along with FAT (the MS-DOS
file system), and HFS which is the primary file system for the Macintosh.

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Mac OS X supports HFS+ with journaling as its primary file system. It is derived from the
Hierarchical File System of the earlier Mac OS. Mac OS X has facilities to read and write FAT,
UDF, and other file systems, but cannot be installed to them. Due to its UNIX heritage Mac OS
X now supports virtually all the file systems supported by the VFS.

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Microsoft Windows currently supports NTFS and FAT file systems (including FAT16 and
FAT32), along with network file systems shared from other computers, and the ISO 9660 and
UDF filesystems used for CDs, DVDs, and other optical discs such as Blu-ray. Under Windows
each file system is usually limited in application to certain media, for example CDs must use ISO
9660 or UDF, and as of Windows Vista, NTFS is the only file system which the operating
system can be installed on

 
Additional features include Veritas (Journaling) VxFS, QFS from Sun Microsystems,
enhancements to UFS including multiterabyte support and UFS volume management included as
part of the OS, and ZFS (free software, poolable, 128-bit, compressible, and error-correcting).

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FAT file systems are commonly found on floppy disks, flash memory cards, digital cameras, and
many other portable devices because of their relative simplicity. Performance of FAT compares
poorly to most other file systems as it uses overly simplistic data structures, making file
operations time-consuming, and makes poor use of disk space in situations where many small
files are present. ISO 9660 and Universal Disk Format are two common formats that target
Compact Discs and DVDs. Mount Rainier is a newer extension to UDF supported by
GNU/Linux 2.6 series and Windows Vista that facilitates rewriting to DVDs in the same fashion
as has been possible with floppy disks.

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File systems may provide journaling, which provides safe recovery in the event of a system
crash. A journaled file system writes some information twice: first to the journal, which is a log
of file system operations, then to its proper place in the ordinary file system. Journaling is
handled by the file system driver, and keeps track of each operation taking place that changes the
contents of the disk. In the event of a crash, the system can recover to a consistent state by
replaying a portion of the journal. Many UNIX file systems provide journaling including
ReiserFS, JFS, and Ext3.

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Most of the modern computer systems support graphical user interfaces (GUI), and often include
them. In some computer systems, such as the original implementations of Microsoft Windows
and the Mac OS, the GUI is integrated into the kernel.

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