PREFACE

Developing English Competencies for High School is designed to facilitate you, students
of senior high school (SMA/MA), to communicate in English according to the context
of the language use.
Developing English Competencies for High School enables you to access information of
various fields of science to prepare you to go to university.
English learning in Developing English Competencies for High School is based on literacy
based approach so you can get many learning experiences by considering the aspects
of interpretation, convention, collaboration, cultural knowledge, problem solving,
reflection and language use.
In Developing English Competencies for High School, there are many activities available
for you to do individually or with other students. These activities explore your
creativity. You are expected to be skillful in doing the exercises, acting out dialogues,
constructing sentences or texts and the other activities that facilitate you to be skillful
in using English in communication.
Last but not least, the writers are very grateful to all people who have helped
and given their input, support and encouragement. We would like to thank PT Setia
Purna Inves, especially the editors and team, for facilitating us to publish our work.
Hopefully, this book will help you learn English in a communicative way.

UNIT 11
Analytical Exposition

In this section, you will learn to

Find the spesific information about analitycal expositiontext.

Identify the structureof an analitycal exposition text.

Read a text aloud

After learning this section, you are expexted to be able to

Identify implicit and explicit ideas from the text

Identify the stucture of an analitycal exposition text properly

Read the text with proper pronounciation

STAGE 1

BUILDING KNOWLEDGE OF THE FIELD

SPEAKING

SING THE SONG!

Listen to the teacher first, then do it by yourselves!.

YOU ARE MY SUNSHINE
You are my sunshine
My only sun shine
You make me happy when skies are grey
Youll never know dear
How much I love you
Please dont take my sunshine away
The other night dear
As I lay sleeping
I dreamed I held you in my arms
When I awoke dear
I was mistaken
So I hung my head and cried

2x

Lets play a
How well do you know your classmate(s)? Use these cards to
write down. Your guesses about your partner and then ask
him/her to find out if you were right. Follow these steps:

Here

Get in pairs. Don't sit next to your best friend.

Read the sentences in your table carefully. Try to guess your
partner's answer and tick (_)TRUE or FALSE .
Ask your partner. Tick the CORRECT box if you were right. If you
were wrong, note down some details of the correct answer.
Ask for more details if you like.
is an example:
I believe you enjoy using the Internet. Do you?
You're right. I love using the Internet. I spend a lot of time surfing the net
during the weekends.
-Right. So I'll tick TRUE and I'm going to write down: surfs the net /
weekends.

Students card

TRUE FALSE

Your partner
1. enjoy using the
internet
2. likes parties
3. likes fast food
4. wants healthy
life
5. plays football

true

False
-

Correct
X

details
Surf the net / weekends

NAME THE THINGS!

1. In pairs, ask your friends and tell

him/ her to find the best word
representing the picture !
2. ask his/ her idea about
cholesterol and healthy eating!

Match the following meanings with the best

word in the box!
1. very fat, in a way that is not healthy.
2. having good health
3. a substance obtained used in chemical
process
4. the state of having not enough money.
5. a person whose job is to serve costemers
At their tables in restaurant.

a. obesity
b. healthy
c. chemical
d. hunger
e. waiter

Matching the words with its correct meaning !

a.

Entire

k. healthy

a.

Kelebihan berat badan

b.

Device

l. ingredient

b.

kanker

c.

Obesity

m. disease

c.

Seluruh

d.

Cancer

d.

kecanduan

e.

Additives

e.

alat

f.

Flavor

f.

rasa

g.

Calorie

g.

makanan cepat saji

h.

Fast food

h.

kalori

i.

Cruving

i.

keinginan

j.

hunger

j.

kelaparan

what do you think of...

Instruction

a.

: give your opinion about the pictures

b.

c.

d.

Answer the following

questions orally !
1. What is meant by fast food?
2. Do you like fast food?
3. Give examples of fast foods that is exist around you!

STAGE 2

MODELLING

Analytical Exposition

Brief Theory :
Purpose of the text

To persuade the readers that something is in the case.

Schematic Structure of Analytical Exposition

1. Thesis
Present opinion about a subject matter, usually factual rumors.
2. Arguments
Contain reasons of why the case should/ should not be in elaboration.
3. Reiteration
Consists of reinforcement of reconfirmation of the presented subject matter.
LANGUANGE FEATURES
1. Using simple present tense and present continuous tense
2. Using temporal , causal circumtances nd conjunctions (firstly, however, therefore, , etc)
3. Using general nouns as the participants ( we, people, everybody, etc).

EXAMPLE OF ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION

The Unhealthy Fast Food
---------- nowadays is considered a normal eating venture. People
are not just eating out on special occasions or weekends anymore. It

THESIS

ARGUMENT 1

means that all the time they mostly eat fast

----------- has its popularity in the 1940s. Within a few years,
--------- operations popped up everywhere. With the compelling rise in
---------- restaurants since the 1940s, oddly it started the rise in --------

and -------- during that same time period.

--------- is highly processed with a wide array of -----------. To
ensure fast foods low cost, the --------- products are made with highly-

ARGUMENT 2

processed ----------- to give it shelf-life, to hold consistency, and to

enhance --------. --------- is altered from its original --------- form.
It is not the --------- in --------- which damage health and

- ARGUMENT 3

waistline. It is the chemical ---------- such as aspartame and MSG

(monosodium glutamate). Studies show that the chemical ------- lead to
weight and -------- issues.
So, there is absolutely nothing -------- about ---------. ----------simply feeds -------- and --------.

REITERATION

A. ACTIVITY 1 (listening)

You are going to listen to a text. Fill in the blanks with the word you hear!
The Unhealthy Fast Food
---------- nowadays is considered a normal eating venture.
People are not just eating out on special occasions or weekends
anymore. It means that all the time they mostly eat fast
----------- has its popularity in the 1940s. Within a few
years, --------- operations popped up everywhere. With the
compelling rise in ---------- restaurants since the 1940s, oddly it
started the rise in -------- and -------- during that same time period.
--------- is highly processed with a wide array of -----------.
To ensure fast foods low cost, the --------- products are made with
highly-processed ----------- to give it shelf-life, to hold
consistency, and to enhance --------. --------- is altered from its
original --------- form.
It is not the --------- in --------- which damage health and
waistline. It is the chemical ---------- such as aspartame and MSG
(monosodium glutamate). Studies show that the chemical ------lead to weight and -------- issues.
So, there is absolutely nothing -------- about ---------.
----------- simply feeds -------- and --------.

Building of Knowledge
B. ACTIVITY 2 ( speaking)

In this activity, the teacher will pronounce some words, your job is to copy it correctly! After
that, read the text aloud in front of your class with correct pronounciation!
k.

Entire

a.

ntajr

l.

Healthy

b.

hli

m. Device

c.

dvas

n.

ingredient

d.

ngridjnt

o.

Obesity

e.

bisti

p.

disease

f.

dziz

q.

Cancer

g.

kns

r.

Additives

h.

dtvz

s.

Flavor

i.

flev

t.

Calory

j.

klri

u.

Fast food

k.

fst fud

v.

Cruving

l.

krev

w. hunger

m. hg

1. a.. MATCH SOME OF THE WORDS IN THE BOX WITH THE

PHOTOS
1.
2.

doctor

3. architecture

reporter

4. photographer

b. Listen and repeat the words

2. work with your partnet and talk about the jobs that you intend to be!
Someday, I want to be a doctor
3. match the words in the box with their best meaning!

1.
a)

Employment

2. Labour
Work
to ern money

3. consumers
4. crisis

b) A period of work
c)

A person who bus goods

d) A time of a great danger

4. In pairs, write some sentences about what the people on the pictures do!

c. ACTIVITY 3(reading)
Thesis /title
Can Europe really hope to solveits employment problem?
Orientation/issues
Europe employment problem is certainly complex and longstanding. And its a problem for
around 18 million of europes citizen.so the answer to this question is an important one.
orientation
Our labour markets have never really recovered from the damaged sustained in the wake of
the two oil price shocks in the 1970s. When unemployment tripled in a matter of years.
In the late 1980s, there was something of a turnaround and 10 million new jobs were created
in 5 years. But the massive new entry into the labour market of women and young people meant that
the effect unemployment was limited. It dropped by only 3 million, leaving 12 million unemployed.
It is the job crisis that followed that has really concentrated minds in europe, the first half of
the 1990s saw a recession and in1992-3 we had a dramatic drop In employment and sharp rise in
unemployment to 18 million people. This was the wholesale destruction of jobs.
With 1994 came the first signs of economic recovery. since then momentum has slowed. The
pause in the recovery process has been worsened by truobles on the financial markets, leaving
financial uncertainty, a slump in growth outlook and a rise in interest rates.
The markets-in the shape of inventors and consumers certainly do not seem to believe that
europe wi;;s olve its employment problem . will their lack of confidence rob the european economy
of its chances of succes? And are they right?
Answer the following question based on the
text above!

1. What is the title of the text?

2. What kind of text is it?
3. Find the supporting arguments of the text
4. Which one is the reiteration?

d. ACTIIVITY 4
Study the following explanation

1.

'In my opinion' is the classic expression - but it's not the only one. Use
moderately.

2.

'To my mind' is a common spoken form - and you can use it in writing, too.

3.

'If you ask me' is very, very common in spoken English, and can come first or
last in a sentence.

4. 1) Fill
'To my
of space
thinking'
is the
often
used with
emphasis
on 'my' to give a strong
the way
blank
with
correct
word
in the box!
opinion.
5.

'In my view' is common in spoken and written English.

6.

The abbreviated question '(Do you) know what I think?' is very popular and is
not rude.

What are Modal Verbs?

Modal verbs are special verbs which behave very differently from normal verbs. Here are some
important differences:
1. Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person.
Examples:
He can speak Chinese.
She should be here by 9:00.
2. You use "not" to make modal verbs negative, even in Simple Present and Simple Past.
Examples:
He should not be late.
They might not come to the party.
3. Many modal verbs cannot be used in the past tenses or the future tenses.
Examples:
He will can go with us. Not Correct
She musted study very hard. Not Correct
4. Common Modal Verbs
Can

Shall

Could

Should

May

Will

Might

Would
Must
Ought to

C. Conditional Clause and Main Clause

If I have enough money, I will go to Japan
conditional clause

main clause

I will go to Japan, if I have enough money

main clause

conditional clause

a) First, Second, and Third Conditional

1. First conditional: If I have enough money, I will go to Japan.
2. Second conditional: If I had enough money, I would go to Japan.
3. Third conditional: If I had had enough money, I would have gone to Japan.

Conditional clause

Main clause

1. If + Present Tense

will + inf / present tense / imperative

a. If you help me with the dishes (if + pres), I will help you with your homework. (will + inf)
b. If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by three, the number is divisible by three
(Pres. tense)
c. If you see Mr Fox tonight, tell him I am ill. (imperative).
2. If + Past Tense

would + inf

3. If + Past Perfect Tense +

would have + past participle

We do not normally use will or would in the conditional clause, only in the main clause.
Uses of the Conditional

THE
a. First conditional
Nature: Open condition, what is said in the condition is possible.
Time: This condition refers either to present or to future time.

e.g. If he is late, we will have to go without him.

If my mother knows about this, we are in serious trouble.

b. Second conditional
Nature: unreal (impossible) or improbable situations.
Time: present; the TENSE is past, but we are talking about the present, now.
e.g. If I knew her name, I would tell you.
If I were you, I would tell my father.
Compare: If I become president, I will change the social security system. (Said by a
presidential candidate)
If I became president, I would change the social security system. (Said by a schoolboy:
improbable)
If we win this match, we are qualified for the semifinals.
If I won a million pounds, I would stop teaching. (improbable)

c. Third conditional
Nature: unreal
Time: Past (so we are talking about a situation that was not so in the past.)
e.g. If you had warned me, I would not have told your father about that party.(But you didn't,
and I have)
Remember!
1. The conditional construction does not normally use will or would in if-clauses. EXCEPTION: If
will or would express willingness, as in requests, they can be used in if-clauses.
e.g. If you will come this way, the manager will see you now.

I would be grateful if you would give me a little help.

(= please, come this way; please, give me...)
2. For the second conditional, were replaces was:
If I were a rich man...
3. After if, we can either use "some(-one, -where...)" or "any(-one, -where...).
If I have some spare time next weekend....or :
If I have any spare time...
4. Instead of if not, we can use unless.
e.g. I'll be back tomorrow unless there is a plane strike.
He'll accept the job unless the salary is too low.
5.There is a "mixed type" as well, for the present results of an unreal condition in the past:
If + Past Perfect - would + inf.
If you had warned me [then], I would not be in prison [now].

E. ACTIVITY 5

Do it in pairs, Supply the correct form of the verb in the parentheses for each of the
following sentences.
1. If we had left the house earlier, they.(be; negative) so late getting to
the ship.
2. If I finish the assignment before Saturday, I..(submit) it to my
lecturer.
3. If I had seen the concert, I..(tell) you about it last night.

4. Had Juki not interfered in his brothers marital problems, there

(be) peace between them.
5. She would give you the money if she(have) it.
6. They would call you immediately if they.(need) help.
7. Had my mother arrived at the sale early, she.(find) a better dress.
8. If you have enough time, please..(clean) your room before you go
to school.
9. They could go for a drive if today(be) Sunday.
10. If I win the prize, it will be because I(write) very well.

F. Activity 6
Retell the text in Activity 3 with your own word!

STAGE 3

JOINT CONSTRUCTION

G. Activity 7

With a partner, answer the following questions, then put forward your answer in front of the
class!
1. What do you think of the two pictures above?
2. Which one is healthy and not, why?

F. Activity 8

Study the following expression!

What do you think of ?

What are your views?

What is your opinion?

Is it right what Ive done?

What about ?

How about ?

What are your ideas?

Do you have any thoughts on that?

How do you feel about that?

Giving Opinions) :

Im convinced that .

I reckon .

I consider that .

According to the expert, I .

In my opinion, .

I think .

I think we should get a new car.

I dont think we need one.

I believe (that) smoking should be outlawed.

I dont believe (that) it should be illegal.

In my opinion, Gone with the Breeze is the best movie ever made.

I feel that its the right thing to do

I dont feel that its such a good idea.

G. Activity 9

Read the following dialogue correctly, do it in pairs!

Sifa : What do you think about Lampung?

Lisa :In my opinion, Lampung is the beautiful city. There are so many beautiful beaches there.
Lampung is also famous with its tapis or songket
Sifa : How about its food? Do you think it is delicious?
Lisa : I think Yes! Do you know seruit? Its delicious.
Sifa : Yes I know seruit. By the way Which one is more delicious? Seruit or sate of
mushroom?
Lisa : According to me, seruit is more delicious than sate of mushroom.
Sifa : I dont think so. I think sate of mushroom is more delicious than seruit because sate of
mushroom is my favorite food.
.

Lisa : hahaha so we have different favorite foods then.

Sifa : I think so.

Answer the following questions based on the dialog!

1. Who are having the conversation?

2. What is they are talking about?

3. What is lisas opinion about Lampung?

H. Activity 10

Work in pairs, create a short dialogue based on the

following topics!

1. Obesity

5. doctor

2. Fast food

6. reporter

3. Nutrition
4. Cholesterol

I. Activity 11

STAGE 4

J. Activity 12

Still in pairs, perform your dialogue in front of the class!

INDEPENDENT CONSTRUCTION

Make an analytical exposition text about the use of gatget

in the class!