Objective:

This experiment will allow the classification of reactions based on

observations and chemical equations. The experiment will be used to observe for
any evidence for chemical reactions such as Effervescence (fizzing) which would
indicate the formation of a gas. Any color changes, heat absorption or emission and
any formation of a precipitate.

Materials:
Chemicals
3M HCl, Na2CO3 , 0.1M CaCl2 , 0.1 Na3PO4 , 0.5 g Cu(OH)2 , Zinc metal ,
ZnSO4 , Copper wire, Magnesium ribbon, 6M HCl, NaOH , FeCl 3 , KSCN , H2O2 , MnO2 ,
CuSO4 , NaCl , KNO3 , H2O
Equipment
13 Test tubes, glowing splint, Bunsen burner flame, half a spatula,
dropper, electronic balance, 10 mL graduated cylinder, test tube clamp, test tube
rack, stirring rod

Methods:
A 10 mL graduated cylinder that measured about 3 mL of distilled water was
poured into a test tube. This test tube was used as a reference for estimating the
volumes needed for the tests. A dropper was then used as an estimate as a
reference for later tests consisting of 20 drops which was approximately 1 mL. 20
drops * 3 droppers would be 60 drops thus estimating 3 mL.
1. 3 mL of 3M HCl was placed into a test tube and a pea-sized amount of
solid Na2CO3 was placed into the test tube. A Bunsen flame burner was
then used to glow a splint. The splint was then placed on the mouth of the
test tube.
2. 2mL of 0.1M CaCl2 was mixed with 2 mL of 0.1M of Na3PO4.
3. 0.5 g of solid Cu(OH)5 was placed into a test tube. A holder was used to
hold the substance. This was taken to the electronic scale and weighed.
The difference from the holder and the 0.5 grams of the Cu(OH) 5 was
taken to get an approximate of the ideal weight of the Cu(OH) 5. The test

tube was ten heated using the Bunsen burner. Test tube clamps were used
for the handling.
4. 3mL of 1M CuSO4 was poured into the test tube and a 1-inch piece of Zinc
metal was placed into the tube. This tube sat in a rack for 5 minutes.
5. 3mL of 1M ZnSO4 was poured into a test tube and a 1-inch piece of Copper
wire was placed into the test tube. Again, this was placed on the rack for 5
minutes.
6. A test tube clamp was used to ignite a piece of magnesium ribbon in the
Bunsen burner flame.
7. 2mL of 6M HCl was poured into the test tube. 3mL of 3M NaOH was then
poured and mixed using a stirring rod.
8. 2mL of 0.1M FeCl3 was poured into a test tube and 2mL of 0.1M KSCN was
poured. This was mixed using a stirring rod.
9. 2mL of 3M HCl was poured into a test tube and a piece of Zinc metal was
placed into the tube. A splint was then glowed using a Bunsen burner and
placed on mouth of the test tube.
10.2mL of 3M HCl was poured into a test tube and 1-inch piece of Copper
wire was placed into the test tube.
11.2mL of 3% H2O2 was poured into a test tube and a pinch sized amount of
MnO2 was poured into the test tube. A glowing splint was then placed on
the mouth of the tube.
12.Half a spatula full of anhydrous CuSO 4 was poured into a test tube. A
dropper was then used to pour 3 drops of H 2O.
13.2mL of 1M NaCl was poured into a test tube and 2 mL of 1M KNO 3 was
poured. This was mixed using a stirring rod.

Results:
Reactions and Observations
2 HCl + 1 Na2CO3

2NaCl + H2O + CO2

DR

Formed bubbles. Flame extinguished.

3 CaCl2 + 2 Na3PO4

6NaCl + Ca3(Po4)2

DR

CuO + H2O

Substance was cloudy

1 Cu(OH)2

Black powder
1 Zn + 1 CuSO4

Started to rust and emit heat

ZnSO4 + Cu

SR

1 Cu + 1 ZnSO4

NAR

No apparent reaction

1 HCl + 1 NaOH

H2O + NaCl

DR

Substance turned hot

1 FeCl3 + 3 KSCN

Fe(SCN)3 + 3KCl

SR

Blood color solution

2 Zn + 2 HCl

ZnCl2 + H2

Fizzing and smoke occurred

Cu + HCl

NAR

No apparent reaction
H2O2

2H2O + O2

CA

Fizzing/ foam lay on tops of the test tube while mg oxide lies
At the bottom of the tube
CuSO4 + H2O
D

CuSO4 + 5H2O

Light blue substance and heat was released

NacL + KNO3

KCl + NaNO3

NAR

No apparent reaction

Discussion:
By definition a chemical reaction is a process that results in the formation of
new substances. The substances must have a different composition from the
original substances thus new properties must be present. Using Daltons atomic
theory, reactions involve only the rearrangement of atoms, chemical equations
must be balanced. The results indicated that many of the results had to be balanced
in order for Daltons theory to be proved accurate.

Conclusion:
Because many of the substances tested formed a new composition, chemical
equations had to be written in order to balance out the chemicals and form new
substances.