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IP Address, 172.30.1.33
Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0
Change decimal number of both IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary
number.
172 / 2 = 86 (0)
33 / 2 = 16.5 (1)
30 / 2 = 15 (0)
86 / 2 = 43 (0)
8 (0)
15 / 2 = 7.5 (1)
16 / 2 =
43 / 2 = 21.5 (1)
4 (0)
7 / 2 = 3.5 (1)
8/2=
21 / 2 = 10.5 (1)
2 (0)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
4/2=
10 / 2 = 5 (0)
1 (0)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
2/2=
5 / 2 = 2.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
2 / 2 = 1 (0)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
172 = 10101100
33 = 00100001
30 = 00011110
1 = 00000001
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
255 = 11111111
00000000
255 = 11111111
255 = 11111111
0=
IP Address
10101100
00011110
00000001
00100001
Subnet
Mask
11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
10101100
00011110
00000001
00000000
Subnet
Address
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Subnet Address
27 =
128
1
128 +
172
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
1
32 +
0
0+
1
8+
1
4+
0
0+
0
0
27 =
128
0
0+
30
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
0
0+
1
16 +
1
8+
1
4+
1
2+
0
0
27 =
128
0
0+
1
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
1
1
Take the IP Address and Inverse (Inverse is when you change 0 to 1 and 1 to 0)
Subnet Mask and do OR operation to get the Broadcast Address
1 OR 1 = 1
1 OR 0 = 1
0 OR 0 = 0
IP Address
Inverse
Subnet
Mask
Broadcast
Address
10101100
00000000
00011110
00000000
00000001
00000000
00100001
11111111
10101100
00011110
00000001
11111111
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
1
32 +
0
0+
1
8+
1
4+
0
0+
0
0
27 =
128
0
0+
30
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
0
0+
1
16 +
1
8+
1
4+
1
2+
0
0
27 =
128
0
0+
1
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
1
1
27 =
128
0
128 +
255
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
64 +
0
32 +
0
16 +
0
8+
0
4+
0
2+
1
1
Number of Subnet
Take Subnet Address and you add 1 at the last octet of the address
Subnet Address
First Host
172.30.1.0
172.30.1.1
Take Broadcast Address and you minus 1 at the last octet of the address
Broadcast
Address
Last Host
172.30.1.255
172.30.1.254
Problem 2
IP Address, 172.30.1.33
Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.252
Change decimal number of both IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary
number.
172 / 2 = 86 (0)
33 / 2 = 16.5 (1)
30 / 2 = 15 (0)
86 / 2 = 43 (0)
8 (0)
15 / 2 = 7.5 (1)
16 / 2 =
43 / 2 = 21.5 (1)
4 (0)
7 / 2 = 3.5 (1)
8/2=
21 / 2 = 10.5 (1)
2 (0)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
4/2=
10 / 2 = 5 (0)
1 (0)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
2/2=
5 / 2 = 2.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
2 / 2 = 1 (0)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
172 = 10101100
33 = 00100001
30 = 00011110
63 / 2 = 31.5 (1)
31 / 2 = 15.5 (1)
31 / 2 = 15.5 (1)
15 / 2 = 7.5 (1)
15 / 2 = 7.5 (1)
7 / 2 = 3.5 (1)
7 / 2 = 3.5 (1)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
1 = 00000001
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
255 = 11111111
252 = 11111100
255 = 11111111
255 = 11111111
IP Address
10101100
00011110
00000001
00100001
Subnet
Mask
11111111
11111111
11111111
11111100
10101100
00011110
00000001
00100000
Subnet
Address
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Subnet Address
27 =
128
1
128 +
172
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
1
32 +
0
0+
1
8+
1
4+
0
0+
0
0
27 =
128
0
0+
30
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
0
0+
1
16 +
1
8+
1
4+
1
2+
0
0
27 =
128
0
0+
1
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
1
1
27 =
128
0
0+
32
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
1
32 +
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
1
Take the IP Address and Inverse (Inverse is when you change 0 to 1 and 1 to 0)
Subnet Mask and do OR operation to get the Broadcast Address
1 OR 1 = 1
1 OR 0 = 1
0 OR 0 = 0
IP Address
10101100
Inverse
00000000
Subnet
+
Mask
Broadcast
10101100
Address
Broadcast Address, 172.30.1.35
00011110
00000000
00000001
00000000
00100001
00000011
00011110
00000001
00100011
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Broadcast Address
27 =
128
1
128 +
172
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
1
32 +
0
0+
1
8+
1
4+
0
0+
0
0
27 =
128
0
0+
30
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
0
0+
1
16 +
1
8+
1
4+
1
2+
0
0
27 =
128
0
0+
1
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
1
1
27 =
128
0
0+
35
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
1
32 +
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
1
2+
1
1
Number of Subnet
Take Subnet Address and you add 1 at the last octet of the address
Subnet Address
First Host
172.30.1.32
172.30.1.33
Take Broadcast Address and you minus 1 at the last octet of the address
Broadcast
Address
Last Host
172.30.1.35
172.30.1.34
Problem 3
IP Address, 192.192.10.234
Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0
Change decimal number of both IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary
number.
192 / 2 = 96 (0)
10 / 2 = 5 (0)
96 / 2 = 48 (0)
5 / 2 = 2.5 (1)
48 / 2 = 24 (0)
2 / 2 = 1 (0)
24 / 2 = 12 (0)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
58 / 2 = 29 (0)
12 / 2 = 6 (0)
6 / 2 = 3 (0)
29 / 2 = 14.5 (1)
14 / 2 = 7 (0)
7 / 2 = 3.5 (1)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
192 = 11000000
234 = 11101010
192 = 11000000
10 = 00001010
255 = 11111111
255 = 11111111
255 = 11111111
= 00000000
IP Address
11000000
11000000
00001010
11101010
Subnet
Mask
11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
11000000
11000000
00001010
00000000
Subnet
Address
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Subnet Address
27 =
128
1
128 +
192
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
1
64 +
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0
27 =
128
0
0+
10
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
1
8+
0
0+
1
2+
0
0
Take the IP Address and Inverse (Inverse is when you change 0 to 1 and 1 to 0)
Subnet Mask and do OR operation to get the Broadcast Address
1 OR 1 = 1
1 OR 0 = 1
0 OR 0 = 0
IP Address
11000000
Inverse
00000000
Subnet
+
Mask
Broadcast
11000000
Address
Broadcast Address, 192.192.10.255
11000000
00000000
00001010
00000000
11101010
11111111
11000000
00001010
11111111
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Broadcast Address
27 =
128
1
128 +
192
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
1
64 +
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
4+
0
0+
0
0
27 =
128
0
0+
10
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
1
8+
0
0+
1
2+
0
0
27 =
128
1
128 +
255
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
1
64 +
1
32 +
1
16 +
1
8+
1
4+
1
2+
1
1
Number of Subnet
Take Subnet Address and you add 1 at the last octet of the address
Subnet Address
First Host
192.192.10.0
192.192.10.1
Take Broadcast Address and you minus 1 at the last octet of the address
Broadcast
Address
Last Host
192.192.10.255
192.192.10.254
Problem 4
IP Address, 172.17.99.71
Subnet Mask, 255.255.0.0
Change decimal number of both IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary
number.
172 / 2 = 86 (0)
71 / 2 = 35.5 (1)
17 / 2 = 8.5 (1)
86 / 2 = 43 (0)
17.5 (1)
8 / 2 = 4 (0)
49 / 2 = 24.5 (1)
35 / 2 =
43 / 2 = 21.5 (1)
8.5 (1)
4 / 2 = 2 (0)
24 / 2 = 12 (0)
17 / 2 =
21 / 2 = 10.5 (1)
4 (0)
2 / 2 = 1 (0)
12 / 2 = 6 (0)
8/2=
10 / 2 = 5 (0)
2 (0)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
5 / 2 = 2.5 (1)
1 (0)
2 / 2 = 1 (0)
99 / 2 = 49.5 (1)
6 / 2 = 3 (0)
4/2=
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
2/2=
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
172 = 10101100
71 = 01110001
17 = 00010001
99 = 01100011
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
255 = 11111111
= 00000000
255 = 11111111
0 = 00000000
IP Address
10101100
00010001
01100011
01110001
Subnet
Mask
11111111
11111111
00000000
00000000
10101100
00010001
00000000
00000000
Subnet
Address
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Subnet Address
27 =
128
1
128 +
172
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
1
32 +
0
0+
1
8+
1
4+
0
0+
0
0
27 =
128
0
0+
17
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
0
0+
1
16 +
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
1
1
Take the IP Address and Inverse (Inverse is when you change 0 to 1 and 1 to 0)
Subnet Mask and do OR operation to get the Broadcast Address
1 OR 1 = 1
1 OR 0 = 1
0 OR 0 = 0
IP Address
10101100
Inverse
00000000
Subnet
+
Mask
Broadcast
10101100
Address
Broadcast Address, 172.17.255.255
00010001
00000000
01100011
11111111
01110001
11111111
00010001
11111111
11111111
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Broadcast Address
27 =
128
1
128 +
172
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
1
32 +
0
0+
1
8+
1
4+
0
0+
0
0
27 =
128
0
0+
17
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
0
0+
1
0+
0
8+
0
0+
0
0+
1
1
27 =
128
1
128 +
255
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
1
64 +
1
32 +
1
16 +
1
8+
1
4+
1
2+
1
1
Number of Subnet
Take Subnet Address and you add 1 at the last octet of the address
Subnet Address
First Host
172.17.0.0
172.17.0.1
Take Broadcast Address and you minus 1 at the last octet of the address
Broadcast
Address
Last Host
172.17.255.255
172.17.255.254
Problem 5
IP Address, 192.168.3.219
Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0
Change decimal number of both IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary
number.
192 / 2 = 96 (0)
168 / 2 = 84 (0)
219 / 2 = 109.5 (1)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
96 / 2 = 48 (0)
84 / 2 = 42 (0)
109 / 2 = 54.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
48 / 2 = 24 (0)
27 (0)
42 / 2 = 21 (0)
54 / 2 =
24 / 2 = 12 (0)
13.5 (1)
21 / 2 = 10.5 (1)
27 / 2 =
12 / 2 = 6 (0)
6.5 (1)
10 / 2 = 5 (0)
13 / 2 =
6 / 2 = 3 (0)
5 / 2 = 2.5 (1)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
2 / 2 = 1 (0)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
0.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
192 = 11000000
219 = 11011011
168 = 10101000
6 / 2 = 3 (0)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
1/2=
3 = 00000011
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
255 = 11111111
= 00000000
255 = 11111111
255 = 11111111
IP Address
11000000
10101000
00000011
11011011
Subnet
Mask
11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
11000000
10101000
00000011
00000000
Subnet
Address
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Subnet Address
27 =
128
1
128 +
192
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
1
64 +
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0
27 =
128
1
128 +
168
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
1
32 +
0
0+
1
8+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0
27 =
128
0
0+
3
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
1
2+
0
1
Take the IP Address and Inverse (Inverse is when you change 0 to 1 and 1 to 0)
Subnet Mask and do OR operation to get the Broadcast Address
1 OR 1 = 1
1 OR 0 = 1
0 OR 0 = 0
IP Address
11000000
Inverse
00000000
Subnet
+
Mask
Broadcast
11000000
Address
Broadcast Address, 192.168.3.255
10101000
00000000
00000011
00000000
11011011
11111111
10101000
00000011
11111111
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Broadcast Address
27 =
128
1
128 +
192
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
1
64 +
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0
27 =
128
1
128 +
168
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
1
32 +
0
0+
1
8+
0
0+
0
0+
0
1
27 =
128
0
0+
3
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
1
2+
0
1
27 =
128
1
128 +
255
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
1
64 +
1
32 +
1
16 +
1
8+
1
4+
1
2+
1
1
Number of Subnet
Take Subnet Address and you add 1 at the last octet of the address
Subnet Address
First Host
192.168.0.0
192.168.0.1
Take Broadcast Address and you minus 1 at the last octet of the address
Broadcast
Address
Last Host
192.168.3.255
192.168.3.254
Problem 6
IP Address, 192.168.3.219
Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.252
Change decimal number of both IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary
number.
192 / 2 = 96 (0)
168 / 2 = 84 (0)
219 / 2 = 109.5 (1)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
96 / 2 = 48 (0)
84 / 2 = 42 (0)
109 / 2 = 54.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
48 / 2 = 24 (0)
27 (0)
42 / 2 = 21 (0)
54 / 2 =
24 / 2 = 12 (0)
13.5 (1)
21 / 2 = 10.5 (1)
27 / 2 =
12 / 2 = 6 (0)
6.5 (1)
10 / 2 = 5 (0)
13 / 2 =
6 / 2 = 3 (0)
5 / 2 = 2.5 (1)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
2 / 2 = 1 (0)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
0.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
192 = 11000000
219 = 11011011
168 = 10101000
63 / 2 = 31.5 (1)
31 / 2 = 15.5 (1)
31 / 2 = 15.5 (1)
15 / 2 = 7.5 (1)
15 / 2 = 7.5 (1)
7 / 2 = 3.5 (1)
7 / 2 = 3.5 (1)
6 / 2 = 3 (0)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
1/2=
3 = 00000011
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
255 = 11111111
252 = 11111100
255 = 11111111
255 = 11111111
IP Address
11000000
10101000
00000011
11011011
Subnet
Mask
11111111
11111111
11111111
11111100
11000000
10101000
00000011
11011000
Subnet
Address
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Subnet Address
27 =
128
1
128 +
192
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
1
64 +
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0
27 =
128
1
128 +
168
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
1
32 +
0
0+
1
8+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0
27 =
128
0
0+
3
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
1
2+
0
1
27 =
128
1
128 +
216
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
1
64 +
0
0+
1
16 +
1
8+
0
0+
0
2+
0
1
Take the IP Address and Inverse (Inverse is when you change 0 to 1 and 1 to 0)
Subnet Mask and do OR operation to get the Broadcast Address
1 OR 1 = 1
1 OR 0 = 1
0 OR 0 = 0
IP Address
11000000
Inverse
00000000
Subnet
+
Mask
Broadcast
11000000
Address
Broadcast Address, 192.168.3.219
10101000
00000000
00000011
00000000
11011011
00000011
10101000
00000011
11011011
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Broadcast Address
27 =
128
1
128 +
192
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
1
64 +
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0
27 =
128
1
128 +
168
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
1
32 +
0
0+
1
8+
0
0+
0
0+
0
1
27 =
128
0
0+
3
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
0
0+
1
2+
0
1
27 =
128
1
128 +
219
26 = 64
25 = 32
24 = 16
23 = 8
22 = 4
21 = 2
20 = 1
1
64 +
0
0+
1
16 +
1
8+
0
0+
1
2+
1
1
Number of Subnet
Take Subnet Address and you add 1 at the last octet of the address
Subnet Address
First Host
192.168.3.216
192.168.3.217
Take Broadcast Address and you minus 1 at the last octet of the address
Broadcast
Address
Last Host
192.168.3.219
192.168.3.218